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Corsetti M, Costa M, Bassotti G, Bharucha AE, Borrelli O, Dinning P, Di Lorenzo C, Huizinga JD, Jimenez M, Rao S, Spiller R, Spencer NJ, Lentle R, Pannemans J, Thys A, Benninga M, Tack J. First translational consensus on terminology and definitions of colonic motility in animals and humans studied by manometric and other techniques. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:559-579. [PMID: 31296967 PMCID: PMC7136172 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in colonic motility are implicated in the pathophysiology of bowel disorders, but high-resolution manometry of human colonic motor function has revealed that our knowledge of normal motor patterns is limited. Furthermore, various terminologies and definitions have been used to describe colonic motor patterns in children, adults and animals. An example is the distinction between the high-amplitude propagating contractions in humans and giant contractions in animals. Harmonized terminology and definitions are required that are applicable to the study of colonic motility performed by basic scientists and clinicians, as well as adult and paediatric gastroenterologists. As clinical studies increasingly require adequate animal models to develop and test new therapies, there is a need for rational use of terminology to describe those motor patterns that are equivalent between animals and humans. This Consensus Statement provides the first harmonized interpretation of commonly used terminology to describe colonic motor function and delineates possible similarities between motor patterns observed in animal models and humans in vitro (ex vivo) and in vivo. The consolidated terminology can be an impetus for new research that will considerably improve our understanding of colonic motor function and will facilitate the development and testing of new therapies for colonic motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marcello Costa
- Human Physiology and Centre of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy
| | - Adil E Bharucha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, UK
| | - Phil Dinning
- Human Physiology and Centre of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlo Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jan D Huizinga
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcel Jimenez
- Department of Cell Physiology, Physiology and Immunology and Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Satish Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robin Spiller
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Discipline of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Roger Lentle
- Digestive Biomechanics Group, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jasper Pannemans
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Thys
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc Benninga
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Mastropaolo M, Zizzo MG, Auteri M, Mulè F, Serio R. Arginine vasopressin, via activation of post-junctional V1 receptors, induces contractile effects in mouse distal colon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 187:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jing H, Qin J, Feng M, Wang T, Zhu J, Wang C, Wang F, Liu K, Li J, Liu C. Nitric oxide in enteric nervous system mediated the inhibitory effect of vasopressin on the contraction of circular muscle strips from colon in male rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:e125-35. [PMID: 21166960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is widely used in the treatment of critical diseases with hypotension, but the reports about its effect on gastrointestinal motility are controversial. The purpose of this study was to characterize the role of AVP in the regulation of colonic motility and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The contraction of the circular muscle strips (CM) of colon in male rats was monitored by a polygraph. The expressions of cytoplasmic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), I-κB, and the nuclear P65 in proximal colon were measured by Western blot. The V(1) receptors (V(1) Rs) and iNOS were localized by immunohistochemistry. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the colon was measured by Griess reagent at the absorbance of 560 nm. KEY RESULTS Arginine vasopressin (10(-10) -10(-6) mol L(-1)) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition on CM contraction. Pretreatment with one of the following chemicals, including V-1880 (10(-7) mol L(-1)), TTX (10(-5) mol L(-1)), L-NAME (10(-4) mol L(-1)), NPLA (10(-7) mol L(-1)), SMT (10(-3) mol L(-1)), and PDTC (10(-3) mol L(-1)), attenuated the inhibitory effect of AVP on CM contraction. Arginine vasopressin increased the expression of iNOS and the content of NO in proximal colon. These effects were attenuated by pretreatment with PDTC (10(-3) mol L(-1)). Following AVP administration, the amount of cytoplasmic I-κB decreased, but that of nuclear P65 increased. Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed that V(1) Rs and iNOS were co-localized on the cells of myenteric plexus in proximal colon. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Arginine vasopressin inhibited the contraction of CM in proximal colon. This effect was mediated by NO produced from NF-κB-iNOS pathway and neuronal NOS activation in myenteric plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jing
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Qin J, Liu K, Wang PS, Liu C. V1 receptor in ENS mediates the excitatory effect of vasopressin on circular muscle strips of gastric body in vitro in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 157:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bradesi S, Martinez V, Lao L, Larsson H, Mayer EA. Involvement of vasopressin 3 receptors in chronic psychological stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G302-9. [PMID: 19033533 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.90557.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity and stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. We used a selective vasopressin 3 (V(3)) receptor antagonist SSR149415 to investigate the involvement of the vasopressin (AVP)/V(3) signaling system in the development of stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Rats were exposed to a daily 1-h session of water avoidance stress (WAS) or sham WAS for 10 consecutive days. The visceromotor response to phasic colorectal distension (CRD, 10-60 mmHg) was assessed before and after stress. Animals were treated daily with SSR149415 (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg ip 30 min before each WAS or sham WAS session), with a single dose of SSR149415 (1 mg/kg ip), or the selective corticotropin-releasing factor 1 (CRF(1)) antagonist DMP-696 (30 mg/kg po) before CRD at day 11. Effects of a single dose of SSR149415 (10 mg/kg iv) on acute mechanical sensitization during repetitive CRD (12 distensions at 80 mmHg) were also assessed. In vehicle-treated rats, repeated WAS increased the response to CRD, indicating visceral hypersensitivity. Repeated administration of SSR149415 at 1 or 3 mg/kg completely prevented stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia. Similarly, a single dose of DMP-696 or SSR149415 completely blocked hyperalgesic responses during CRD. In contrast, a single dose of SSR149415 did not affect the acute hyperalgesic responses induced by repeated, noxious distension. These data support a major role for V(3) receptors in repeated psychological stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia and suggest that pharmacological manipulation of the AVP/V(3) pathway might represent an attractive alternative to the CRF/CRF(1) pathway for the treatment of chronic stress-related gastrointestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Bradesi
- University of California Los Angeles Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Departments of Medicine, Physiology, and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073.
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Monstein HJ, Truedsson M, Ryberg A, Ohlsson B. Vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in the human gastrointestinal tract. Eur Surg Res 2007; 40:34-40. [PMID: 17890865 DOI: 10.1159/000108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Vasopressin and oxytocin are closely related peptides, and both exert effects on the gastrointestinal function. In the present study, we wanted to map the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs (V1a, V1b/V3, and V2) in nontumorous tissue biopsy specimens of human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. METHODS Total and polyA+ RNAs were isolated from human tissue biopsy specimens using an automated nucleic acid extractor and, subsequently, converted into single-stranded cDNA. Semi-nested PCR amplifications were carried out, using gene-specific V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor primers. The PCR amplicons were partially sequenced to confirm their identity. RESULTS The present study demonstrated the expression of vasopressin receptor mRNAs in human gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, kidney, lung, brain, and ovary. The expression pattern varied between different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. In the colon ascendens, V1a receptor mRNA expression could not be detected in 3 out of 4 analyzed tissue biopsy specimens. On the other hand, all the vasopressin receptor mRNAs were expressed in all colon transversum biopsy samples. CONCLUSIONS V1a, V1b/V3, and V2 receptor mRNAs are widely expressed throughout human gastrointestinal tract and surrounding tissues. The data obtained provide information for further mapping and determination of the physiological role of the vasopressin receptor mRNA expression in normal and tumorous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Monstein
- Clinical Microbiology, Molecular Biology Laboratory-LMC, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
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Martinelli AL, Villanova MG, Roselino AM, Figueiredo JF, Passos AD, Covas DT, Zucoloto S. Abnormal uroporphyrin levels in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Clin Gastroenterol 1999; 29:327-31. [PMID: 10599635 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199912000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A strong association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) has been observed, but the implications of the viral infection in the metabolism of porphyrins in patients without clinical manifestations of PCT are not known. The levels of porphyrin in plasma and uroporphyrin (URO) and coproporphyrin (COPRO) in 24-hour urine were measured in 156 patients with chronic HCV infection showing no clinical evidence of PCT. Levels of URO higher than the upper limit were observed in 35 of 156 patients (22.4%). The range and the mean values +/- standard deviation were 26-1,196 microg/24 hours and 82 +/- 204 microg/24 hours. Increased levels of COPRO and plasma porphyrin were observed in 12 of 156 patients (7.7%) and 2 of 156 patients (1.3%) respectively. There were no differences between patients with increased URO levels and patients with normal URO levels in terms of gender, age, risk factors for HCV infection, alcohol abuse, or hepatitis B viral infection. Transferrin saturation (p = 0.040), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (p < 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.006), and alanine aminotransferase (p = 0.040) were significantly higher in patients with abnormal URO than in patients with normal URO. The frequency of cirrhosis was higher, but not significantly different, in patients with increased URO (16.7%) compared with patients with normal URO (3.8%). The authors demonstrated that even without a clinical manifestation of PCT it is possible to detect abnormalities in the metabolism of porphyrins in patients with chronic HCV infection. The implications of these findings deserve additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Motion sickness can occur when sensory inputs regarding body position in space are contradictory or are different from those predicted from experience. Signals from the vestibular system are essential for triggering motion sickness. The evolutionary significance of this malady is unclear, although it may simply represent the aberrant activation of vestibuloautonomic pathways that typically subserve homeostasis. The neural pathways that produce nausea and vomiting during motion sickness are presumed to be similar to those that generate illness after ingestion of toxins. The neural substrate of nausea is unknown but may include neurons in the hypothalamus and inferior frontal gyrus of the cerebral cortex. The principal motor act of vomiting is accomplished through the simultaneous contractions of inspiratory and expiratory respiratory muscles and is mediated by neurons in the lateral medullary reticular formation and perhaps by cells near the medullary midline. Cocontraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles increases pressure on the stomach, which causes gastric contents to be ejected through the mouth. Effective drugs for combating motion sickness include antihistamines, antimuscarinics, 5-HT1A (serotonergic) receptor agonists and neurokinin type 1 receptor antagonists. However, considerable information concerning the physiological basis and pharmacology of motion sickness is unknown; future research using animal models will be required to understand this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Yates
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Hilzenrat N, Buskila D, Zilberman D, Sikuler E. Beneficial effect of phlebotomy on hepatitis C virus-associated musculoskeletal manifestations. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17:390-2. [PMID: 9805184 DOI: 10.1007/bf01450898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may lead to many extrahepatic manifestations which pose a serious therapeutic challenge. Recently, increasing evidence suggesting an association between iron overload and chronic HCV infection has emerged. However, the effect of iron reduction therapy on extrahepatic manifestations of HCV infection is unknown. We describe two patients with chronic HCV infection and severe rheumatic manifestations, namely: myalgia and seronegative nonerosive symmetrical polyarthritis. Interestingly, the response to anti-inflammatory and second line drugs was poor but unexpectedly recurrent phlebotomies was followed by marked improvement of the symptoms. This observation suggests that iron overload may have some role in the pathophysiology of HCV associated rheumatic complications. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation and to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hilzenrat
- Department of Medicine B, Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Hepatotoxic iron storage in patients with chronic hepatitis C but no hepatic iron detectable histochemically. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01545084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Voderholzer WA, Allescher HD, Müller-Lissner SA. The effect of hormones and peptides involved in water balance on rat colonic motility in vitro. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1995; 7:15-21. [PMID: 7627862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.1995.tb00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that restriction of water intake decreased stool frequency and stool weight in volunteers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these effects of thirst could be mediated by an action of systematically released hormones on colonic smooth muscle. Using isolated colonic smooth muscle strips the effect of arginine-vasopressin (AVP), angiotensin II (ANG II) and aldosterone on rat colonic motility in vitro was investigated. AVP (10(-12)-10(-10) mol/l) and aldosterone (3 x 10(-10)-3 x 10(-8) mol/l) and physiological hormonal concentrations of ANG II (10(-13)-10(-10) mol/l) had no effect on either basal activity, direct stimulation of colonic smooth muscle or neurally stimulated contractions using carbachol 10(-7)-3 x 10(-5) mol/l or neurally stimulated contractions using electrical field stimulation at various stimulation frequencies (1-10 pps, 1 ms, 40 V). ANG II in higher concentrations (10(-7)-10(-6) mol/l) increased basal activity and neurally mediated contractions. Accordingly, ANG II (10(-6) mol/l) caused a prestimulation but did not increase the maximum contractile effect of carbachol. The response to ANG II was not affected by atropine (10(-6) mol/l). TTX (10(-6) mol/l) and N-nitro-L8-arginine (L-NNA) (3 x 10(-4) mol/l) stimulated basal muscular activity but did not affect the maximum contractile effect of ANG II. Systemic serum concentrations of AVP, aldosterone and ANG II are presumably not involved in thirst-induced colonic motility changes. The ANG II effect in higher concentrations is mediated by a direct stimulatory smooth muscle effect and/or by facilitating neuronal liberation of acetylcholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Voderholzer
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, University of Munich, Germany
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Takikawa T, Hayashi H, Nishimura N, Yano M, Isomura T, Sakamoto N. Correlation between serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and ferritin in male blood donors with antibody to hepatitis C virus. J Gastroenterol 1994; 29:593-7. [PMID: 8000507 DOI: 10.1007/bf02365441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C has been demonstrated to be associated with hepatic iron overload, and the hypothesis that the disease activity of hepatitis C is associated with iron cytotoxicity was tested in male volunteer blood donors. Sera with either antibody to hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B surface antigen were selected for determination of ferritin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity. A correlation between serum ferritin concentration (Y; microgram/l) and alanine aminotransferase activity (X; IU/l) was found in donors with antibody to hepatitis C (log Y = 0.65 x log X + 0.98, r = 0.53, and P < 0.01). The correlation was lower in donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (r = 0.37; P < 0.01). Hepatitis C virus infection probably induces time-dependent iron accumulation associated with the progression of disease activity, while hepatitis B virus infection results in a variety of iron loads with different clinical features. The high disease activity related to hyperferritinemia suggests the presence of iron-induced liver damage in donors with hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takikawa
- Research Laboratory for Development of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Tomaru A, Ishii A, Kishibayashi N, Karasawa A. Colonic giant migrating contractions induced by glycerol enema in anesthetized rats. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY 1993; 63:525-8. [PMID: 7907155 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.63.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colonic motility was measured with three catheter pressure transducers that were inserted into the descending colon at the distance of 4 cm, 6 cm and 8 cm from the anal verge in anesthetized rats. Colonic infusion of glycerol (65%, 2 ml/kg) induced large phasic pressure changes with high amplitude and long duration. Some of the pressure changes propagated over all the three recording sites, appearing to be equivalent to giant migrating contractions. These glycerol-induced large propulsions were abolished by lidocaine (5%, 2 ml/kg, intracolon), hexamethonium (10 mg/kg, i.v.) or clonidine (30 micrograms/kg, i.v.); and they were almost entirely suppressed by atropine (3 mg/kg, i.v.), suggesting the principal involvement of the cholinergic neural pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tomaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan
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