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Asakura T, Miyazawa K, Tasei Y, Kametani S, Nakazawa Y, Aoki A, Naito A. Packing arrangement of 13C selectively labeled sequence model peptides of Samia cynthia ricini silk fibroin fibers studied by solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13379-13386. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Samia cynthia ricini silk fibroin fiber was proposed to take anti-parallel β-sheet structure with staggered arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Kenta Miyazawa
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Yugo Tasei
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kametani
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
- Mitsui Chemical Analysis & Consulting Service
| | - Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
| | - Akihiro Aoki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Tokyo 184-8588
- Japan
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Zhou L, Li H, Hao F, Li N, Liu X, Wang G, Wang Y, Tang H. Developmental Changes for the Hemolymph Metabolome of Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2331-47. [PMID: 25825269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a lepidopteran-holometabolic model organism. To understand its developmental biochemistry, we characterized the larval hemolymph metabonome from the third instar to prepupa stage using (1)H NMR spectroscopy whilst hemolymph fatty acid composition using GC-FID/MS. We unambiguously assigned more than 60 metabolites, among which tyrosine-o-β-glucuronide, mesaconate, homocarnosine, and picolinate were reported for the first time from the silkworm hemolymph. Phosphorylcholine was the most abundant metabolite in all developmental stages with exception for the periods before the third and fourth molting. We also found obvious developmental dependence for the hemolymph metabonome involving multiple pathways including protein biosyntheses, glycolysis, TCA cycle, the metabolisms of choline amino acids, fatty acids, purines, and pyrimidines. Most hemolymph amino acids had two elevations during the feeding period of the fourth instar and prepupa stage. Trehalose was the major blood sugar before day 8 of the fifth instar, whereas glucose became the major blood sugar after spinning. C16:0, C18:0 and its unsaturated forms were dominant fatty acids in hemolymph. The developmental changes of hemolymph metabonome were associated with dietary nutrient intakes, biosyntheses of cell membrane, pigments, proteins, and energy metabolism. These findings offered essential biochemistry information in terms of the dynamic metabolic changes during silkworm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhou
- †College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.,‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,¶College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Huihui Li
- ‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fuhua Hao
- ‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ning Li
- ‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- †College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- ¶College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- ‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,⊥Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- ‡Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,§State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Asakura T, Okushita K, Williamson MP. Analysis of the Structure of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin by NMR. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department
of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute for
Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Keiko Okushita
- Department
of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mike P. Williamson
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court,
Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
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Magoshi J, Tanaka T, Sasaki H, Kobayashi M, Magoshi Y, Tsuda H, Becker MA, Inoue SI, Ishimaru K. Uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide into silk fiber by silkworms. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:778-82. [PMID: 12741798 DOI: 10.1021/bm0340063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relation between the uptake of atmospheric CO(2) and insect's production of silk fiber has not yet been reported. Here, we provide the first quantitative demonstrations that four species of silkworms (Bombyx mori, Samia cynthia ricini, Antheraea pernyi, and Antheraea yamamai) and a silk-producing spider (Nephila clavata) incorporate atmospheric CO(2) into their silk fibers. The abundance of (13)C incorporated from the environment was determined by mass spectrometry and (13)C NMR measurements. Atmospheric CO(2) was incorporated into the silk fibers in the carbonyl groups of alanine, aspartic acid, serine, and glycine and the C(gamma) of aspartic acid. We show a simple model for the uptake of atmospheric CO(2) by silkworms. These results will demonstrate that silkworm has incorporated atmospheric CO(2) into silk fiber via the TCA cycle; however, the magnitude of uptake into the silk fibers is smaller than that consumed by the photosynthesis in trees and coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Magoshi
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Japan.
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Nakazawa Y, Asakura T. Heterogeneous exchange behavior of Samia cynthia ricini silk fibroin during helix-coil transition studied with (13)C NMR. FEBS Lett 2002; 529:188-92. [PMID: 12372598 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure and structural transition of the glycine residue adjacent to the N-terminal alanine residue of the poly(L-alanine), (Ala)(12-13), region in Samia cynthia ricini silk fibroin was studied using (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Most of the glycine carbonyl peaks in the (13)C solution NMR spectrum of [1-(13)C]glycine-silk fibroin could be assigned to the primary structure from the comparison of the (13)C chemical shifts of seven glycine-containing tripeptides. The slow exchange between helix and coil forms in the NMR time scale was observed with increasing temperature exclusively for the underlined glycine residue in the Gly-Gly-(Ala)(12-13) sequence during fast helix-coil transition of the (Ala)(12-13) region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Nakazawa Y, Asakura T. High-Resolution 13C CP/MAS NMR Study on Structure and Structural Transition of Antheraea pernyi Silk Fibroin Containing Poly(l-alanine) and Gly-Rich Regions. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011999t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumoto Nakazawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Osanai M, Okudaira M, Naito J, Demura M, Asakura T. Biosynthesis of L-alanine, a major amino acid of fibroin in Samia cynthia ricini. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2000; 30:225-232. [PMID: 10732990 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(99)00120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The derivation of alanine in fibroin was investigated using NMR and selective isotopic labelling. 2H2O infused orally into 5th instar larvae was incorporated into the proton of the methyl group of alanine in fibroin. Proton exchange among alanine, glycine and serine was also found. Incorporation of 13C from [2-(13)C]acetate into alanine C2 and C3 and glycine C2 in fibroin, and also C4 of free glutamine plus glutamate was observed in vivo. Hemolymph contained a peak for C4 of glutamate plus glutamine, and an alanine C3 peak appeared transiently. Thus, it is suggested that the C-skeleton of alanine formed was derived from L-malate via the TCA-cycle, and that this alanine is utilized in part for fibroin synthesis. Spectra of the hemolymph extract of larvae infused orally with [15N2]urea showed no 15N-compounds, whereas those of larvae injected subcutaneously showed only one peak of urea, whose intensity decreased with time, as shown in the in vivo spectra of a living larva infused with [15N2]urea. The solution NMR spectrum of fibroin showed no 15N-labelled compounds. Temporal changes in the peak intensities of six compounds in the spectra of a living larva infused with [15N]ammonium demonstrated a process in which 15N was incorporated into fibroin containing 15N-alanine through the amide group of glutamine and the amino group of glutamate. Thus, alanine biosynthesis from the TCA-cycle originates mainly from water, L-malate and ammonium. The fact that no 15N-urea was detected in the hemolymph extract of larvae infused with [15N]ammonium suggests that 15N-urea found in the above in vivo spectra may be that accumulated in the hindgut. Thus, excess ammonium in the body causes the production of urea by the urea-cycle. In Samia larvae, urea was not reutilized but excreted. The metabolic relationships between the assimilation of ammonium and the function of the urea-cycle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osanai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
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Asakura T, Ito T, Okudaira M, Kameda T. Structure of Alanine and Glycine Residues of Samia cynthia ricini Silk Fibers Studied with Solid-State 15N and 13C NMR. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990442z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takuro Ito
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Mami Okudaira
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Kameda
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Demura M, Minami M, Asakura T, Cross TA. Structure of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Based on Solid-State NMR Orientational Constraints and Fiber Diffraction Unit Cell Parameters. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja972069l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Demura
- Contribution from the Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Chemistry & National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Masashi Minami
- Contribution from the Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Chemistry & National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Contribution from the Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Chemistry & National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
| | - T. A. Cross
- Contribution from the Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Chemistry & National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
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Asakura T, Minami M, Shimada R, Demura M, Osanai M, Fujito T, Imanari M, Ulrich AS. 2H-Labeling of Silk Fibroin Fibers and Their Structural Characterization by Solid-State 2H NMR. Macromolecules 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9616726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Masashi Minami
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Reiko Shimada
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Makoto Demura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Minoru Osanai
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Teruaki Fujito
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Mamoru Imanari
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan, Department of Biology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-11, Japan, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo 196, Japan, and Institut fuer Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet, Jena, Germany
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Schoen J, Modha A, Maslow K, Novak M, Blackburn BJ. A NMR study of parasitized Tenebrio molitor and Hymenolepis diminuta cysticercoids. Int J Parasitol 1996; 26:713-22. [PMID: 8894762 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(96)00050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In vivo NMR spectra of uninfected and Hymenolepis diminuta-infected Tenebrio molitor fed D-(1-13C)glucose showed that infected beetles of both sexes had a significantly higher ratio for (glycogen C1/lipid (CH2)n) than the corresponding controls. Quantitative metabolic profiles and the per cent 13C-label in metabolites, based on NMR of perchloric acid extracts, are presented for control and infected beetles fed D-(1-13C)glucose and for H. diminuta cysticercoids. Female beetles, both control and infected, contained more glycogen than their male counterparts and infected beetles of both sexes possessed less glycerophos-phocholine, but more glycogen and a higher percentage label in glucose and trehalose than their respective controls. Label was also incorporated into glycogen, succinate, acetate, alanine and lactate. Extracts of cysticercoids from beetles fed D-(1-13C)glucose contained the following labelled compounds, in order of decreasing per cent 13C label: glucose, trehalose, alanine, succinate, lactate, glycogen and acetate. In vitro cultivation experiments, employing D-(1-13C)glucose, revealed that trehalose found in cysticercoids was of parasite, and not beetle, origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schoen
- Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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In vitro production ofBombyx mori silk fibroin by organ culture of the posterior silk glands; isotope labeling and fluorination of the silk fibroin. Biotechnol Bioeng 1993; 41:245-52. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260410211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Asakura T, Demura M, Nagashima M, Sakaguchi R, Osanai M, Ogawa K. Metabolic flux and incorporation of [2-13C]glycine into silk fibroin studied by 13C NMR in vivo and in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(91)90115-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13C and 31P NMR analyses of the cultured posterior silk gland of the silkworm, Bombyx mori: Silk fibroin production and the effect of sorbitol-6-phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(90)90043-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thompson S. NMR spectroscopy: Its basis, biological application and use in studies of insect metabolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(90)90039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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