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Alberto R, Bläuenstein P, Anderegg G, Albinati A. Synthesis and characterization of Tc(IV)-alcoholato complexes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.25802601116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Breeman WAP, Fröberg AC, de Blois E, van Gameren A, Melis M, de Jong M, Maina T, Nock BA, Erion JL, Mäcke HR, Krenning EP. Optimised labeling, preclinical and initial clinical aspects of CCK-2 receptor-targeting with 3 radiolabeled peptides. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 35:839-49. [PMID: 19026945 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) expresses CCK-2 receptors. (111)In-labeled DOTA-DGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2) (DOTA-MG11), DOTA-DAsp-Tyr-Nle-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH(2) (DOTA-CCK), and (99m)Tc-labeled N(4)-Gly-DGlu-(Glu)(5)-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH(2) ((99m)Tc-Demogastrin 2) are analogs developed for CCK-2 receptor-targeted scintigraphy. All 3 radiolabeled analogs were selected on the basis of their high CCK-2 receptor affinity and their good in vitro serum stability, with in vitro serum t(1/2) values of several hours. Radiolabeling of DOTA-peptides with (111)In requires a heating procedure, typically in the range of 80 degrees -100 degrees C up to 30 min. Following this procedure with DOTA-MG11 resulted in a >98 % incorporation of (111)In, however, with a radiochemical purity (RCP) of <50 %. The decrease in RCP was found to be due to oxidation of the methionine residue in the molecule. Moreover, this oxidized compound lost its CCK-2 receptor affinity. Therefore, conditions during radiolabeling were optimised: labeling of DOTA-MG11 and DOTA-CCK with (111)In involved 5 min heating at 80 degrees C and led to an incorporation of (111)In of >98 %. In addition, all analogs were radiolabeled in the presence of quenchers to prevent radiolysis and oxidation resulting in a RCP of >90 %. All 3 radiolabeled analogs were i.v. administered to 6 MTC patients: radioactivity cleared rapidly by the kidneys, with no significant differences in the excretion pattern of the 3 radiotracers. All 3 radiolabeled analogs exhibited a low in vivo stability in patients, as revealed during analysis of blood samples, with the respective t(1/2) found in the order of minutes. In patient blood, the rank of radiopeptide in vivo stability was: (99m)Tc-Demogastrin 2 (t(1/2) 10-15 min)>(111)In-DOTA-CCK (t(1/2) approximately 5-10 min)>(111)In-DOTA-MG11 (t(1/2)<5 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A P Breeman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam's 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Maina T, Nikolopoulou A, Stathopoulou E, Galanis AS, Cordopatis P, Nock BA. [99mTc]Demotensin 5 and 6 in the NTS1-R-targeted imaging of tumours: synthesis and preclinical results. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34:1804-14. [PMID: 17594090 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-007-0489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 5 and 6 [Formula: see text] in the targeted diagnostic imaging of neurotensin subtype 1 receptor (NTS1-R)-expressing tumours. METHODS Labelling of Demotensin 5 and 6 with (99m)Tc was conducted by brief incubation with (99m)TcO(4) (-), SnCl(2) and citrate anions in alkaline medium at ambient temperature. Affinities of conjugates for the NTS1-R were determined by competition binding experiments in WiDr cell membranes using [(125)I-Tyr(3)]NT as the radioligand. Saturation binding assays were conducted for [(99m)Tc/(99g)Tc]Demotensin 6 in WiDr cell membranes. Internalisation of [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 5 and 6 was studied at 37 degrees C in WiDr cells. Biodistribution of [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 5 and 6 was performed in female Swiss nu/nu mice bearing human WiDr xenografts. RESULTS Unlabelled conjugates showed a high affinity for the human NTS1-R (Demotensin 5 IC(50)=0.03+/-0.01 nM; Demotensin 6 IC(50)=0.08+/-0.02 nM), while high affinity was also exhibited by (radio)metallated [(99m)Tc/(99g)Tc]Demotensin 6 (K (d)=0.13+/-0.01 nM). [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 5 and 6 internalised rapidly and specifically in WiDr cells. After injection in WiDr tumour-bearing mice, radiopeptides, and especially the doubly stabilised [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 6, showed NTS1-R-mediated uptake in the intestines and in the implanted tumour (4.30+/-0.45%ID/g at 1 h post injection) and rapid renal excretion from non-target tissues into the urine. CONCLUSION [(99m)Tc]Demotensin 6 shows a favourable preclinical profile and further testing in patients is warranted to monitor its eventual applicability as a radiotracer in the diagnostic imaging of NTS1-R-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Maina
- Institute of Radioisotopes - Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, 153 10 Athens, Greece
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Nock BA, Nikolopoulou A, Reubi JC, Maes V, Conrath P, Tourwé D, Maina T. Toward stable N4-modified neurotensins for NTS1-receptor-targeted tumor imaging with 99mTc. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4767-76. [PMID: 16854083 DOI: 10.1021/jm060415g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of Gly-neurotensin(8-13) analogues modified at the N-terminus by acyclic tetraamines (Demotensin 1-4) were obtained by solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques. Strategic replacement of amino acids and/or reduction of sensitive peptide bonds were performed to enhance conjugate resistance against proteolytic enzymes. During 99mTc-labeling, single species radiopeptides, [99mTc]Demotensin 1-4, were easily obtained in high yields and typical specific activities of 1 Ci/micromol. Peptide conjugates displayed a high affinity binding to the human neurotensin subtype 1 receptor (NTS1-R) expressed in colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 or WiDr cells and/or in human tumor sections. [99mTc]Demotensin 1-4 internalized very rapidly in HT-29 or WiDr cells by a NTS1-R-mediated process. [99mTc]Demotensin 3 and 4, which remained stable during 1 h incubation in murine plasma, were selectively studied in nude mice bearing human HT-29 and WiDr xenografts. After injection, [99mTc]Demotensin 3 and 4 effectively and specifically localized in the experimental tumors and were rapidly excreted via the kidneys into the urine, exhibiting overall biodistribution patterns favorable for NTS1-R-targeted tumor imaging in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold A Nock
- Institute of Radioisotopes - Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Maina T, Nock BA, Cordopatis P, Bernard BF, Breeman WAP, van Gameren A, van den Berg R, Reubi JC, Krenning EP, de Jong M. [99mTc]Demotate 2 in the detection of sst2-positive tumours: a preclinical comparison with [111In]DOTA-tate. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 33:831-40. [PMID: 16568203 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate [(99m)Tc]Demotate 2 ([(99m)Tc-N(4) (0-1),Asp(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate) as a candidate for in vivo imaging of sst(2)-positive tumours and to compare it with [(111)In]DOTA-tate ([(111)In-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate). METHODS Labelling of Demotate 2 with (99m)Tc was performed at room temperature using SnCl(2) as reductant in the presence of citrate at alkaline pH. Radiochemical analysis involved ITLC and HPLC methods. Peptide conjugate affinities for sst(2) were determined by receptor autoradiography on rat brain cortex sections using [DOTA(0),(125)I-Tyr(3)]octreotate as the radioligand. The affinity profile of Demotate 2 for human sst(1)-sst(5) was studied by receptor autoradiography in cell preparations using the universal somatostatin radioligand [(125)I][Leu(8),(D: )Trp(22),Tyr(25)]somatostatin-28. The internalisation rates of [(99m)Tc]Demotate 2 and [(111)In]DOTA-tate were compared in sst(2)-positive and -negative control cell lines. Biodistribution of radiopeptides was studied in male Lewis rats bearing CA20948 tumours. RESULTS Peptide conjugates showed selectivity and a high affinity binding for sst(2) (Demotate 2 IC(50)=3.2 nM and DOTA-tate IC(50)=5.4 nM). [(99m)Tc]Demotate 2, like [(111)In]DOTA-tate, internalised rapidly in all sst(2)-positive cells tested, but not in sst(2)-negative control cells. After injection in CA20948 tumour-bearing rats both radiopeptides showed high and specific uptake in the sst(2)-positive organs and in the implanted tumour and rapid excretion from non-target tissues via the kidneys. CONCLUSION [(99m)Tc]Demotate 2, similarly to the known sst(2)-targeting agent [(111)In]DOTA-tate, showed promising biological qualities for application in the scintigraphy of sst(2)-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Maina
- Institute of Radioisotopes, Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Ag. Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.
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Nikolopoulou A, Maina T, Sotiriou P, Cordopatis P, Nock BA. Tetraamine-modified octreotide and octreotate: labeling with99mTc and preclinical comparison in AR4-2J cells and AR4-2J tumor-bearing mice. J Pept Sci 2006; 12:124-31. [PMID: 16059963 DOI: 10.1002/psc.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two somatostatin analogues, [(99m)Tc]Demotide and [(99m)Tc]Demotate 4, were compared with [(99m)Tc]Demotate 1, a previously reported somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst(2)) targeting tracer. Conjugates were prepared by coupling an open-chain tetraamine chelator to D-Phe(1) of [Tyr(3)]-octreotide or [Tyr(3)]-octreotate, respectively, via a p-benzylaminodiglycolic acid spacer adopting solid-phase peptide synthesis techniques. Peptide conjugates were collected in a highly pure form after chromatographic purification. Eventually, [(99m)Tc]Demotide and [(99m)Tc]Demotate 4 were obtained in approximately 1 Ci/micromol specific activity and >96% purity after labeling under alkaline conditions. Demotide and Demotate 4 exhibited similar high binding affinities for the sst(2) expressed in AR4-2J cells with IC(50) values 0.16 and 0.10 nM, respectively. The (radio)metallated analogues [(99m)Tc]Demotide and [(99m)Tc]Demotate 4 showed equally high affinities to the sst(2) during saturation binding assays in AR4-2J cell membranes (K(d)s 0.08 and 0.07 nM, respectively). During incubation at 37 degrees C with AR4-2J cells, the radiopeptides internalized effectively via a receptor-mediated process, with [(99m)Tc]Demotate 4 exhibiting a faster internalization rate than [(99m)Tc]Demotide. After injection in athymic mice bearing sst(2)-expressing AR4-2J tumors, the radiotracers showed high and specific uptake in the tumor (>25%ID/g at 1 h) and in the sst(2)-positive organs. However, both [(99m)Tc]Demotide and [(99m)Tc]Demotate 4 showed unfavorably higher background activity, especially in the abdomen, in comparison to [(99m)Tc]Demotate 1 and are, therefore, less suited than [(99m)Tc]Demotate 1 for sst(2)-targeted tumor imaging in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Institute of Radioisotopes-Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 153 10 Athens, Greece
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Nock BA, Nikolopoulou A, Galanis A, Cordopatis P, Waser B, Reubi JC, Maina T. Potent Bombesin-like Peptides for GRP-Receptor Targeting of Tumors with 99mTc: A Preclinical Study. J Med Chem 2004; 48:100-10. [PMID: 15634004 DOI: 10.1021/jm049437y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Four open chain tetraamine-functionalized bombesin (BB) analogues were synthesized [parent tetradecapeptide-based Demobesin 3 and 4 and BB(7-14)-based Demobesin 5 and 6]. Labeling with (99m)Tc afforded high-purity and high specific activity radiotracers. Peptides showed high affinity for the human GRP-R (GRP-R = gastrin releasing peptide receptor) expressed in PC-3 cells. In human tumors preferentially expressing single bombesin receptor subtypes, they showed high affinity for the GRP-R, less affinity for the NMB-R (NMB-R = neuromedin B receptor) and no affinity for the orphan BB(3)-R (bombesin subtype 3 receptor). [(99m)Tc]Demobesin 3-6 efficiently internalized in a time- and dose-dependent manner in PC-3 cells and showed a high and specific uptake in human PC-3 xenografts and the pancreas of nude mice. [(99m)Tc]Demobesin 3 and 4 were rapidly excreted via the kidneys while the truncated analogues were predominantly processed by the hepatobiliary system. Patient studies are scheduled for validating the suitability of [(99m)Tc]Demobesin 3 and 4 in the GRP-R-targeted imaging of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold A Nock
- Institute of Radioisotopes-Radiodiagnostic Products, National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Jeong JM, Lee YS, Joo Kim Y, Soo Lee D, Chung JK, Suh YG, Chul Lee M. Cationic complex: (99m)Tc-N,N'-dimethyldiaminedithiol. Nucl Med Biol 2002; 29:711-7. [PMID: 12234598 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(02)00312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Diaminedithiol (DADT) or N-monosubstituted DADT is known to form lipophilic neutral chelates with technetium. As a result, they are used for brain imaging agents. However, 99mTc-N,N'-dimethylDADT has been demonstrated to have a positive charge and a lower lipophilicity (log P = 0.1) in this experiment. The results of a biodistribution study showed that most activity was found in the intestine after 1 hr, which is the evidence of bile excretion. Increased heart-uptake in mice suggests that this compound or its derivatives can be used as a myocardial-imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kramer A, Alberto R, Egli A, Novak-Hofer I, Hegetschweiler K, Abram U, Bernhardt PV, Schubiger PA. Derivatives of 1,3,5-triamino-1,3,5-trideoxy-cis-inositol as versatile pentadentate ligands for protein labeling with Re-186/188. prelabeling, biodistribution, and X-ray structural studies. Bioconjug Chem 1998; 9:691-702. [PMID: 9815162 DOI: 10.1021/bc980014i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pentadentate H3bhci [1,3,5-trideoxy-1, 3-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-cis-inositol] and its bifunctionalized analogue H3bhci-glu-H [1,3,5-trideoxy-1, 3-bis((2-hydroxybenzyl)amino)-5-glutaramido-cis-inositol] were synthesized, and their coordination chemistry was investigated with inactive rhenium, with no carrier added Re-188 and with carrier added Re-186. The neutral Re(V) complexes [ReO(bhci)] and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] are formed in good yields starting from [ReOCl3(P(C6H5)3)2] or in quantitative yield directly from [186/188ReO4]- in aqueous solution by reduction with Sn(II) or Sn(0). The X-ray structures of [ReO(bhci)] and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] were elucidated revealing pentadentate "side on" coordination of the ligands to the "Re=O" core. The basic cyclohexane frame adopts a chair form in the case of [ReO(bhci)] and a twisted boat form in the case of [ReO(bhci-glu-H)]. [ReO(bhci)] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 27.425(3), b = 14.185(1), c = 19.047(2) A, and beta = 103.64(2) degrees and [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.056(3), b = 10.180(1), c = 22.378(5) A, and beta = 98.205(9) degrees. Both 188Re complexes are stable in human serum for at least 3 days without decomposition. After injection into mice, [ReO(bhci-glu)]- is readily excreted through the intestines, while [ReO(bhci)] is excreted by intestines, liver, and the kidneys. TLC investigations of the urine showed exclusively the complexes [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] and [ReO(bhci)], respectively, and no decomposition products. For derivatization of antibodies, the carboxylic group of [ReO(bhci-glu-H)] was activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide, which required unusually vigorous reaction conditions (heating). The anti colon cancer antibody mAb-35 [IgG and F(ab')2 fragment] was labeled with [186/188ReO(bhci-glu)] to a specific activity of up to 1.5 mCi/mg (55 MBq/mg) with full retention of immunoreactivity. Labeling yields followed pseudo-first-order kinetics in antibody concentration with the ratio of rates between aminolysis and hydrolysis being about 2. Biodistributions of 186Re-labeled intact mAb-35 as well as of its F(ab')2 fragment in tumor-bearing nude mice revealed good uptake by the tumor with only low accumulation of radioactivity in normal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kramer
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH-Zentrum, Universitätstrasse 6, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Bläuenstein P, Locher JT, Seybold K, Koprivova H, Janoki GA, Mäcke HR, Hasler P, Ammann A, Novak-Hofer I, Smith A. Experience with the iodine-123 and technetium-99m labelled anti-granulocyte antibody MAb47: a comparison of labelling methods. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1995; 22:690-8. [PMID: 7498233 DOI: 10.1007/bf01254573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Four different methods of radiolabelling the anti-granulocyte monoclonal antibody MAb47 were compared and their influence on diagnostic value studied. The best clinical images were obtained following labelling with iodine-123 by the Iodogen method and direct labelling with technetium-99m after tris-(carboxyethyl)-phosphine treatment of MAb47 to achieve disulphide bridge reduction. 99mTc labelling using a specific ligand (MAb47-mtp), or a second method involving direct reduction with mercaptoethanol, led to an increased background activity in clinical studies, thus impeding the diagnosis of chronic disease. Fresh infections were clearly localized by all four preparations. The elimination of the activity from the blood was slower in the case of the iodinated MAb47, while the collected urine samples showed an excretion of about 10% of the injected activity per day independent of the labelling method. The results in terms of sensitivity and specificity were rather similar for all labelling methods and ranged from 90% to 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bläuenstein
- Division of Radiopharmacy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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Chappuis PP, Truffer S, Ianoz E, Lerch P. Reaction of [TcNCl4]− with ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid ligand. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Preparation and crystal structure of polymeric lithium[dioxoTc(V)-tetraazaundecane]-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)85099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gambino D, Kremer C, Savio E, León A, Kremer E. Synthesis and properties of dioxo Tc/V/ cationic complexes with nitrogen containing ligands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02199268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gu GH, Lim CK. Separation of anionic and cationic compounds of biomedical interest by high-performance liquid chromatography on porous graphitic carbon. J Chromatogr A 1990; 515:183-92. [PMID: 2178167 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)89312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The separation of small, ionizable compounds of biomedical interest on porous graphitic carbon is described. The retention of anionic compounds is dominated by electronic interaction between the solute and the delocalized electron clouds on the graphitized carbon, while cationic compounds are mainly retained by reversed-phase interaction with the hydrophobic carbon surface. Anionic and cationic compounds can be separated simultaneously with a mobile phase containing an electronic modifier (e.g., trifluoroacetic acid) and an organic modifier (e.g., acetonitrile) for elution. Examples of applications include the measurement of oxalic acid in urine, the determination of creatine and creatinine in urine and in serum, the separation of basic drugs (remoxipride and FLA 981) and the simultaneous analysis of pertechnetate anion and the cationic technetium-amine complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Gu
- Division of Clinical Cell Biology, MRC Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, U.K
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Ianoz E, Mantegazzi D, Lerch P, Nicolò F, Chapuis G. Preparation, crystal and molecular structure of trans-dioxo(1,4-dithia-8,11-diazacyclotetradecane)technetium(V) hexafluorophosphate. Inorganica Chim Acta 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)83506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deutsch E, Ketring AR, Libson K, Vanderheyden JL, Hirth WW. The Noah's Ark experiment: species dependent biodistributions of cationic 99mTc complexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION APPLICATIONS AND INSTRUMENTATION. PART B, NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1989; 16:191-232. [PMID: 2497089 DOI: 10.1016/0883-2897(89)90003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Deutsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221
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