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Zhang XJ, Diao MN, Zhang YF. A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6150-6166. [PMID: 37127924 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use of BHA has led to its extensive presence in various environmental matrices and human tissues. Food intake is the main route of human exposure to BHA. Under different conditions, BHA can produce different metabolites, with tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one of the major products. Several studies have shown that BHA could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic and growth disorders, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis appear to be associated with the toxic effects of BHA. Avoiding the toxic effects of BHA to the maximum extent possible is a top priority. Finding safe, non-toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives to BHA should be the focus of subsequent research. In all, this review summarized the current situation related to BHA and might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mei-Ning Diao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin-Feng Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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2
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Eltayeb HA, Stewart L, Morgem M, Johnson T, Nguyen M, Earl K, Sodipe A, Jackson D, Olufemi SE. Antioxidants Amelioration Is Insufficient to Prevent Acrylamide and Alpha-Solanine Synergistic Toxicity in BEAS-2B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11956. [PMID: 37569330 PMCID: PMC10418752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce free radicals and antioxidants when exposed to toxic compounds during cellular metabolism. However, free radicals are deleterious to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Antioxidants neutralize and eliminate free radicals from cells, preventing cell damage. Therefore, the study aims to determine whether the antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) will ameliorate the maximum dose of acrylamide and alpha (α)-solanine synergistic toxic effects in exposed BEAS-2B cells. These toxic compounds are consumed worldwide by eating potato products. BEAS-2B cells were simultaneously treated with BHA 10 μM and BHT 20 μM and incubated in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator for 24 h, followed by individual or combined treatment with acrylamide (3.5 mM) and α-solanine (44 mM) for 48 h, including the controls. Cell morphology, DNA, RNA, and protein were analyzed. The antioxidants did not prevent acrylamide and α-solanine synergistic effects in exposed BEAS-2B cells. However, cell morphology was altered; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed reduced RNA constituents but not DNA. In addition, the toxic compounds synergistically inhibited AKT/PKB expression and its downstream genes. The study showed BHA and BHT are not protective against the synergetic toxic effects of acrylamide and α-solanine in exposed BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Awad Eltayeb
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Leandra Stewart
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Mounira Morgem
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Tommie Johnson
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Kadeshia Earl
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Ayodotun Sodipe
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Desirée Jackson
- Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Hyun J, Yang HW, Je JG, Lee HG, Kim GH, Jeon YJ. The potent antioxidant effect of Neutrase-assisted hydrolysate from heat-resistant Pyropia yezoensis by molecular weight change. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Theoretical and kinetic study of the singlet oxygen quenching reaction by hesperidin isolated from mandarin (Citrus reticulata) fruit peels. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Antioxidant Potential of Flower Extracts from Centaurea spp. Depends on Their Content of Phenolics, Flavonoids and Free Amino Acids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247465. [PMID: 34946551 PMCID: PMC8705284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists intensely search for new sources of antioxidants, perceived as important health-promoting agents. Some species of the large genus Centaurea provide raw materials for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well as produce edible flowers. This is the first study that determines the content of total polyphenols, flavonoids, reducing sugars, free amino acids and the antioxidant potential in the flower extracts of C. nigra L., C. orientalis L. and C. phrygia L. The total polyphenol and flavonoid content is the highest in the extract of C. orientalis, and the lowest in that of C. phrygia. Similarly, C. orientalis shows the greatest scavenging activity on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS [2,2′-azobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] and Fe3+ reducing power assays, whereas the lowest activity is found for C. phrygia. The highest content of reducing sugars is found in C. nigra, while C. orientalis has the highest levels of free amino acids. We find a strong positive correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity of all three Centaurea species. Moreover, the content of free amino acids strongly and positively correlates with the levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays and Fe3+ reducing power. Summing up, C. orientalis exhibits the strongest antioxidant potential of the investigated Centaurea species. This species could potentially be a natural source of antioxidant substances for the pharmacy, cosmetics and food industries. The content of free amino acids may be used as a marker of the antioxidant status of Centaurea species.
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Burlacu E, Tanase C. Anticancer Potential of Natural Bark Products-A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091895. [PMID: 34579427 PMCID: PMC8467168 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell biology, plant-based extracts, structural chemistry, and laboratory in vitro or in vivo experiments are the principal aspects or interfaces that can contribute to discovering new possibilities in cancer therapy and to developing improved chemotherapeutics. Forestry residues can be used for their wealthy resource in polyphenols and other phytoconstituents known for anticancer properties. This review is designed to bring together information on the in vitro or in vivo anticancer potential of woody vascular plants especially the bark extracts (BE) and biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (BMN) using bark extracts. Type of extracts, main phytoconstituents found in extracts responsible for the anticancer activity, and targeted cancerous cell lines were followed. The literature data were collected via Clarivate Analytics, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Academic (2011-2021). The search terms were: bark extracts, metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, anticancer, cytotoxic activity, antiproliferative effect, and antimetastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. All of the search terms listed above were used in different combinations. The literature data highlight the efficaciousness of the BE and BMN as anticancer agents in in vitro experiments and showed the mechanism of action and their advantage of nontoxicity on normal cells. In vitro testing has shown promising results of the BE and BMN effect on different cancer cell lines. In vivo testing is lacking and more data is necessary for drug development on animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Burlacu
- Residency Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+40-744-215-543
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Felter SP, Zhang X, Thompson C. Butylated hydroxyanisole: Carcinogenic food additive to be avoided or harmless antioxidant important to protect food supply? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 121:104887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nassar AY, Mahgoub SA, Omar HEDM, Bakkar SM, Osman AA. Comparative ameliorative actions of extracted bradykinin potentiating fraction from cobra snake venom and synthetic antioxidants on hepatic tissue of aflatoxicosed rats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1850459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Y. Nassar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A. Mahgoub
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sally M. Bakkar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A. Osman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liu R, Mabury SA. Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants in Personal Care Products in Toronto, Canada: Occurrence, Human Exposure, and Discharge via Greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:13440-13448. [PMID: 31609587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are widely used in various personal care products (PCPs), little is known about their levels, composition profiles, human exposure, or environmental emissions. In this study, the occurrence of SPAs was evaluated in 15 categories of 214 PCPs collected in Toronto, Canada. Nine SPAs were detected in the PCPs, of which only 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, < method quantification limit (MQL)-827 900 ng/g, mean: 35 602 ng/g, median: 249 ng/g) was observed with a detection frequency of >50%. When the 214 PCPs were separated into products labeled as containing BHT and those labeled as not containing BHT, the BHT-labeled PCPs (mean: 369 253 ng//g, median: 382 560 ng/g) contained significantly higher concentrations of BHT than the BHT-unlabeled PCPs (mean: 4960 ng/g, median: 199 ng/g) did (p < 0.01). Five transformation products (TPs) of BHT were also detected in the PCPs at low concentrations (∑TPs: < MQL to 19 014 ng/g, mean: 730 ng/g, median: < MQL) and detection frequencies (12.6-37.4%). Preliminary calculations found that dermal absorption via PCP use may be an important exposure pathway for BHT (mean: 565 879 ng/day median: 2988 ng/day), although this is a negligible exposure pathway for other SPAs. In addition, the estimated discharges of BHT (mean: 7852 g/day, median: 88 g/day) via greywater after PCP use were calculated, which represents a nonignorable source of BHT loading into wastewater treatment plants in Toronto (contributing 10%). To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of human exposure to and discharge of SPAs via PCP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Ontario , Canada
| | - Scott A Mabury
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street , Toronto , M5S 3H6 , Ontario , Canada
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Modulation of Hepatic MRP3/ABCC3 by Xenobiotics and Pathophysiological Conditions: Role in Drug Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1185-1223. [PMID: 29473496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver transporters play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds. Among them, the family of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters is the most important due to its role in the transport of endo- and xenobiotics. The ABCC sub-family is the largest one, consisting of 13 members that include the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7); the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) and the multidrug resistanceassociated proteins (MRPs). The MRP-related proteins can collectively confer resistance to natural, synthetic drugs and their conjugated metabolites, including platinum-containing compounds, folate anti-metabolites, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, among others. MRPs can be also catalogued into "long" (MRP1/ABCC1, -2/C2, -3/C3, -6/C6, and -7/C10) and "short" (MRP4/C4, -5/C5, -8/C11, -9/C12, and -10/C13) categories. While MRP2/ABCC2 is expressed in the canalicular pole of hepatocytes, all others are located in the basolateral membrane. In this review, we summarize information from studies examining the changes in expression and regulation of the basolateral hepatic transporter MPR3/ABCC3 by xenobiotics and during various pathophysiological conditions. We also focus, primarily, on the consequences of such changes in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or toxicity of different drugs of clinical use transported by MRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Catedra de Fisiopatologia. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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Al-Dabbagh B, Elhaty IA, Al Hrout A, Al Sakkaf R, El-Awady R, Ashraf SS, Amin A. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cassia acutifolia and Rhazya stricta. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:240. [PMID: 30134897 PMCID: PMC6103858 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we determined in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids and evaluated antiproliferative activity of three medicinal plant extracts: Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek), Cassia acutifolia (Senna) and Rhazya stricta (Harmal). METHODS The leaves of the three medicinal plants were extracted with 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were determined using colorimetric assays. MTT assay was used to estimate the antiproliferative activities of the extracts against human hepatoma (HepG2) cancer cell line. In addition, the effects of R. stricta extract on cell cycle, colony formation, and wound healing of HepG2 cells and tube formation of HUVEC cells were assessed. RESULTS Percentage inhibition of DPPH scavenging activity were dose-dependent and ranged between (89.9% ± 0.51) and (28.6% ± 2.07). Phenolic contents ranged between (11.5 ± 0.013) and (9.7 ± 0.008) mg GAE/g while flavonoid content ranged between (20.8 ± 0.40) and (0.12 ± 0.0.01) mg QE/g. Antiproliferative results of the extracts were found to be consistent with their antioxidant activity. Among the extracts evaluated, that of R. stricta showed the best antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities at low concentration. It also inhibited the colony-formation capacity of HepG2 cells and exhibited antiangiogenic activity. Cell cycle analysis showed significant arrest of cells at G2/M phase 12 and 48 h after treatment and significant arrest at G1/S phase after 24 h of treatment. Consistent data were observed in western blot analysis of protein levels of Cdc2 and its cyclin partners. CONCLUSIONS These findings introduce R. stricta as a potentially useful anti-metastatic agent and a novel potential anti-tumour agent for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Al-Dabbagh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ismail A. Elhaty
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ala’a Al Hrout
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Reem Al Sakkaf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - S. Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
- Zoology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Albuquerque BR, Prieto M, Vazquez J, Barreiro MF, Barros L, Ferreira IC. Recovery of bioactive compounds from Arbutus unedo L. fruits: Comparative optimization study of maceration/microwave/ultrasound extraction techniques. Food Res Int 2018; 109:455-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Siriamornpun S, Tangkhawanit E, Kaewseejan N. Reducing retrogradation and lipid oxidation of normal and glutinous rice flours by adding mango peel powder. Food Chem 2016; 201:160-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Govea-Salas M, Rivas-Estilla AM, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, Aguilar-Gonzalez CN, Zugasti-Cruz A, Salas-Villalobos TB, Morlett-Chávez JA. Gallic acid decreases hepatitis C virus expression through its antioxidant capacity. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:619-624. [PMID: 26893656 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a natural phenolic compound that possesses various biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticancer, antiviral and cardiovascular protection activities. In addition, numerous studies have reported that antioxidants possess antiviral activities. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most important causes of chronic liver diseases worldwide, but until recently, only a small number of antiviral agents had been developed against HCV. Therefore, the present study investigated whether GA exhibits an anti-HCV activity. The effects of GA on HCV expression were examined using a subgenomic HCV replicon cell culture system that expressed HCV nonstructural proteins (NSs). In addition, GA cytotoxicity was evaluated at concentrations between 100-600 mg/ml using an MTT assay. Huh-7 replicon cells were incubated with 300 mg/ml GA for different times, and the HCV-RNA and protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used as an antioxidant control and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured during the exposure. The results indicated that GA did not produce a statistically significant cytotoxicity in parental and HCV replicon cells. Furthermore, GA downregulated the expression levels of NS5A-HCV protein (~55%) and HCV-RNA (~50%) in a time-dependent manner compared with the levels in untreated cells. Notably, GA treatment decreased ROS production at the early time points of exposure in cells expressing HCV proteins. Similar results were obtained upon PDTC exposure. These findings suggest that the antioxidant capacity of GA may be involved in the downregulation of HCV replication in hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayela Govea-Salas
- Food Research Department, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25260, México; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, México
| | - Ana Maria Rivas-Estilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, México
| | - Raul Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research Department, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25260, México
| | - Sonia A Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, México
| | - Cristobal N Aguilar-Gonzalez
- Food Research Department, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25260, México
| | - Alejandro Zugasti-Cruz
- Food Research Department, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25260, México
| | - Tanya B Salas-Villalobos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 66450, México
| | - Jesus Antonio Morlett-Chávez
- Food Research Department, School of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo Unit, Saltillo, Coahuila 25260, México; Clinical Laboratory Department, General Hospital Zone No. 2, Mexican Social Security Institute, Saltillo, Coahuila 25017, México
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Djeridane A, Hamdi A, Bensania W, Cheifa K, Lakhdari I, Yousfi M. The in vitro evaluation of antioxidative activity, α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory of natural phenolic extracts. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:324-331. [PMID: 25470628 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic extracts from the medicinal parts of six traditional Algerian herbs were tested in screening experiments for the antioxidant, α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibiting activities. UV-analysis of the extracts from the plants indicated that the total phenols content was ranged between 0.48 and 3.46 mg equivalent of gallic acid per gram of dry matter, whereas the flavonoids content expressed as rutin equivalent per gram of dry matter was ranged between 0.18 and 2.23 mg/g. The study of antioxidant activity by scavenging the hydroxyl radical (OH), the nitroxide radical (NO) and the stable radical cation (ABTS(+)) showed a high antioxidant power. Also, these extracts illustrated a significant reductive power of the Fe(3+)-TPTZ complex. Similarly, we have found that the phenolic extracts exhibit an imperative antioxidant status compared to synthetic antioxidants. The study of the extract effects shows that Anabasis articulata, Agatophora alopecuroide and Heliantheum kahiricum extracts have a powerful inhibiting capacity of the α-amylase and α-glycosidase with a Ki values less than 10 μM. Our study, for the first time, revealed the anti-diabetic potential of the six plants and the results of this study could be helpful to develop medicinal preparations or nutraceuticals and functional foods for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Djeridane
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji, PB 37 G, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria.
| | - Aicha Hamdi
- Department of Biology, University Amar Telidji Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Wafa Bensania
- Department of Biology, University Amar Telidji Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Khadidja Cheifa
- Department of Biology, University Amar Telidji Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Imane Lakhdari
- Department of Biology, University Amar Telidji Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University Amar Telidji, PB 37 G, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria
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The Anticancer, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Sesquiterpene β-Caryophyllene from the Essential Oil of Aquilaria crassna. Molecules 2015; 20:11808-29. [PMID: 26132906 PMCID: PMC6331975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200711808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports a bioassay-guided isolation of β-caryophyllene from the essential oil of Aquilaria crassna. The structure of β-caryophyllene was confirmed using FT-IR, NMR and MS. The antimicrobial effect of β-caryophyllene was examined using human pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Its anti-oxidant properties were evaluated by DPPH and FRAP scavenging assays. The cytotoxicity of β-caryophyllene was tested against seven human cancer cell lines. The corresponding selectivity index was determined by testing its cytotoxicity on normal cells. The effects of β-caryophyllene were studied on a series of in vitro antitumor-promoting assays using colon cancer cells. Results showed that β-caryophyllene demonstrated selective antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC 3 ± 1.0 µM) and more pronounced anti-fungal activity than kanamycin. β-Caryophyllene also displayed strong antioxidant effects. Additionally, β-caryophyllene exhibited selective anti-proliferative effects against colorectal cancer cells (IC50 19 µM). The results also showed that β-caryophyllene induces apoptosis via nuclear condensation and fragmentation pathways including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, β-caryophyllene demonstrated potent inhibition against clonogenicity, migration, invasion and spheroid formation in colon cancer cells. These results prompt us to state that β-caryophyllene is the active principle responsible for the selective anticancer and antimicrobial activities of A. crassnia. β-Caryophyllene has great potential to be further developed as a promising chemotherapeutic agent against colorectal malignancies.
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Xie JY, Liu JQ, Zhang YH, Li JJ, Li ZC, Huang WC. An Improved Preparation of 2,6-di-(t-Butyl)-4-methylphenol. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2015.1025632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pekun TG, Hrynevich SV, Waseem TV, Fedorovich SV. Role of iron, zinc and reduced glutathione in oxidative stress induction by low pH in rat brain synaptosomes. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:560. [PMID: 25332861 PMCID: PMC4190190 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain ischemia leads to a decrease in pHo. We have shown previously in synaptosomes that the extracellular acidification induces depolarization of mitochondria followed by synthesis of superoxide anions and oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the effects of lowered pHo on oxidative stress and membrane potentials in synaptosomes treated by the iron chelator deferoxamine and zinc chelator TPEN. We demonstrated that chelating of metals has no impact on superoxide anion synthesis and intrasynaptosomal mitochondria depolarization. Meanwhile, deferoxamine was able to inhibit oxidative stress induced by low pHo and hydrogen peroxide application. Compared to deferoxamine, TPEN was less effective but it decreased the DCF fluorescence induced by pHo 6.0 which had no effects in other oxidative stress models. We found that the chelators were able to inhibit slightly plasma membrane depolarization. Synaptosomes preincubation at low pHo caused no effects on the reduced glutathione level. Depletion of glutathione by CDNB produced no additional increase in the DCF fluorescence induced by pHo 7.0. Our results suggest that free iron is crucial for the development of oxidative stress elicited by acidification in synaptosomes. Chelating of this metal seems to be a promising strategy for protecting the neuronal presynaptic terminals against oxidative stress developed at stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana G Pekun
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Engineering of Cell, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, Akademicheskaya St., 27, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
| | - Sviatlana V Hrynevich
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Engineering of Cell, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, Akademicheskaya St., 27, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
| | - Tatyana V Waseem
- INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systems, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sergei V Fedorovich
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Engineering of Cell, Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering, Akademicheskaya St., 27, Minsk, 220072 Belarus
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Baharetha HM, Nassar ZD, Aisha AF, Ahamed MBK, Al-Suede FSR, Abd Kadir MO, Ismail Z, Majid AMSA. Proapoptotic and antimetastatic properties of supercritical CO2 extract of Nigella sativa Linn. against breast cancer cells. J Med Food 2014; 16:1121-30. [PMID: 24328702 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa, commonly referred as black cumin, is a popular spice that has been used since the ancient Egyptians. It has traditionally been used for treatment of various human ailments ranging from fever to intestinal disturbances to cancer. This study investigated the apoptotic, antimetastatic, and anticancer activities of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracts of the seeds of N. sativa Linn. against estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Twelve extracts were prepared from N. sativa seeds using the SC-CO2 extraction method by varying pressure and temperature. Extracts were analyzed using FTIR and UV-Vis spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated on various human cancer and normal cell lines. Of the 12 extracts, 1 extract (A3) that was prepared at 60°C and 2500 psi (~17.24 MPa) showed selective antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with an IC50 of 53.34±2.15 μg/mL. Induction of apoptosis was confirmed by evaluating caspases activities and observing the cells under a scanning electron microscope. In vitro antimetastatic properties of A3 were investigated by colony formation, cell migration, and cell invasion assays. The elevated levels of caspases in A3 treated MCF-7 cells suggest that A3 is proapoptotic. Further nuclear condensation and fragmentation studies confirmed that A3 induces cytotoxicity through the apoptosis pathway. A3 also demonstrated remarkable inhibition in migration and invasion assays of MCF-7 cells at subcytotoxic concentrations. Thus, this study highlights the therapeutic potentials of SC-CO2 extract of N. sativa in targeting breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein M Baharetha
- 1 EMAN Testing and Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia , Minden, Malaysia
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Prieto M, Vázquez J. In vitro determination of the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of unroasted coffee bean extracts and their synergistic and antagonistic effects. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Abdullah ASH, Mohammed AS, Abdullah R, Mirghani MES, Al-Qubaisi M. Cytotoxic effects of Mangifera indica L. kernel extract on human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines) and bioactive constituents in the crude extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:199. [PMID: 24962691 PMCID: PMC4077144 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Waterlily Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is thought to be antioxidant-rich, conferred by its functional phytochemicals. Methods The potential anticancer effects of the ethanolic kernel extract on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) using MTT, anti-proliferation, neutral red (NR) uptake and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were evaluated. Cytological studies on the breast cancer cells were also conducted, and phytochemical analyses of the extract were carried out to determine the likely bioactive compounds responsible for such effects. Results Results showed the extract induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 30 and 15 μg/mL, respectively. The extract showed significant toxicity towards both cell lines, with low toxicity to normal breast cells (MCF-10A). The cytotoxic effects on the cells were further confirmed by the NR uptake, antiproliferative and LDH release assays. Bioactive analyses revealed that many bioactives were present in the extract although butylated hydroxytoluene, a potent antioxidant, was the most abundant with 44.65%. Conclusions M. indica extract appears to be more cytoxic to both estrogen positive and negative breast cancer cell lines than to normal breast cells. Synergistic effects of its antioxidant bioactives could have contributed to the cytotoxic effects of the extract. The extract of M. indica, therefore, has potential anticancer activity against breast cancer cells. This potential is worth studying further, and could have implications on future studies and eventually management of human breast cancers.
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Ioele G, De Luca M, Tavano L, Ragno G. The difficulties for a photolabile drug in topical formulations: the case of diclofenac. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:284-90. [PMID: 24491531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Topical commercial formulations containing diclofenac (DC) were submitted to photostability tests, according to the international rules, showing a clear degradation of the drug. The degradation process was monitored by applying the multivariate curve resolution technique to the UV spectral data from samples exposed to stressing irradiation. This method was able to estimate the number of components evolved as well as to draw their spectra and concentration profiles. Three photoproducts (PhPs) were resolved by the analysis of photodegradation kinetics, according to two consecutive reactions with a mechanism postulated as DC>PhP₁>PhP₂ and PhP₃. Photodegradation rate of DC in gel was found to be very fast, with a residual content of 90% only after 3.90 min under a radiant exposure of 450 Wm(-2). Because of a very slow skin uptake of DC, a prolonged time of exposure to light could lead to a significant decrease of drug available or the uptake of undesired photoproducts. New gel formulations were designed to increase the photostability of DC by incorporating chemical light-absorbers or entrapping the drug into cyclodextrin. Drug photostability resulted increased significantly in comparison with that of the commercial formulations. The gel containing the light-absorbers such as octisilate, octyl methoxycinnamate and a combination thereof showed a residual DC of 90% up to 12.22 min, 13.75 min and 15.71 min, respectively, under the same irradiation power. The best results were obtained by incorporating the drug in β-cyclodextrin with a degradation of 10% after 25.01 min of light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Lorena Tavano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Gaetano Ragno
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Lage MÁP, García MAM, Álvarez JAV, Anders Y, Curran TP. A new microplate procedure for simultaneous assessment of lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants and pro-oxidants, using crocin and β-carotene bleaching methods in a single combined assay: Tea extracts as a case study. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Ansar S, Tabassum H, Jameil NA. Protective effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on ferric nitrilotriacetate induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:513-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327113477876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible ameliorating effect of butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), associated with ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury in mice. The treatment of mice with Fe-NTA alone enhances ornithine decarboxylase activity to 4.6 folds, protein carbonyl formation increased up to 2.9 folds and DNA synthesis expressed in terms of [3H] thymidine incorporation increased to 3.2 folds, and antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes decreased to 1.8–2.5 folds, compared with the corresponding saline-treated controls. These changes were reversed significantly ( p < 0.001) in animals receiving a pretreatment of BHT. Our data show that BHT can reciprocate the toxic effects of Fe-NTA and can serve as a potent chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Tabassum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Al Jameil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Suttirak W, Manurakchinakorn S. In vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:3546-58. [PMID: 25477623 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on the screening of plant-derived raw materials for identifying new antioxidants. The special attention of research today is focused on inexpensive or residual sources from agricultural industries. Fruit peels as sources of powerful natural antioxidants are often the waste parts of various fruits from consumption and food industry. Among the fruit peels, mangosteen peel is an important source of natural phenolic antioxidants. The mangosteen peel contains various bioactive substances, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonoids, which possess biological and medicinal properties, especially antioxidant properties. The aim of this review, after presenting analytical techniques for determining in vitro antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, is to summarize available data on the factors affecting antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract. In addition, the potential antioxidant activity of mangosteen peel extract, the bioactive compounds identified from mangosteen peel extract and their antioxidant activity are presented. Potential applications of the mangosteen peel extract in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerayuth Suttirak
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80161 Thailand
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Pirinççioğlu M, Kızıl G, Kızıl M, Kanay Z, Ketani A. The protective role of pomegranate juice against carbon tetrachloride–induced oxidative stress in rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:910-8. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712464809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Most pomegranate ( Punica granatum Linn., Punicaceae) fruit parts are known to possess enormous antioxidant activity. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid contents of Derik pomegranate juice and determine its effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in rats. Animals were divided into four groups ( n = 6): group I: control, group II: CCl4 (1 ml/kg), group III: CCl4 + pomegranate juice and group IV: CCl4 + ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Treatment duration was 4 weeks, and the dose of CCl4 was administered once a week to groups II, III and IV during the experimental period. CCl4-treated rats caused a significant increase in serum enzyme levels, such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin, and decrease in albumin, when compared with control. Administration of CCl4 along with pomegranate juice or UDCA significantly reduces these changes. Analysis of lipid peroxide (LPO) levels by thiobarbutiric acid reaction showed a significant increase in liver, kidney and brain tissues of CCl4-treated rats. However, both pomegranate juice and UDCA prevented the increase in LPO level. Histopathological reports also revealed that there is a regenerative activity in the liver and kidney cells. Derik pomegranate juice showed to be hepatoprotective against CCl4-induced hepatic injury. In conclusion, present study reveals a biological evidence that supports the use of pomegranate juice in the treatment of chemical-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Göksel Kızıl
- Chemistry Department, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Murat Kızıl
- Chemistry Department, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Zeki Kanay
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Aydın Ketani
- Histology and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Dicle, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Liu S, Sun J, Yu L, Zhang C, Bi J, Zhu F, Qu M, Yang Q. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky extracts. Food Chem 2012; 134:1885-91. [PMID: 23442634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insects have been relatively unexplored as potential sources of natural antioxidants. We report the antioxidant activity of extracts of the adult large black chafer beetle Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky, a common crop pest in China. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract (EE) and the water extract (WE) of adult H. parallela were evaluated by four different in vitro assays. EE showed potent metal-chelating activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. WE proved to be an excellent antioxidant in the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and metal-chelating activity. Catechin was identified in the ethanolic extract and proteins were the main components in the water extracts. Both compounds could contribute to the antioxidant activity of the species. These results suggest that adult H. parallela might be used as a nutraceutical to alleviate oxidate-induced diseases and as a natural antioxidant additive in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofang Liu
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, No. 126 Fushan Road, 266100 Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Engin AB, Bukan N, Kurukahvecioglu O, Memis L, Engin A. Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (E321) pretreatment versus L-arginine on liver injury after sub-lethal dose of endotoxin administration. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:457-464. [PMID: 22004966 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to compare the effects of L-arginine (L-arg) and food-antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) against oxidative stress of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS) in liver. Ninety Wistar albino rats were assigned in three groups. Rats received one of the following pre-treatment previous to 5mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally: saline, L-arg (NO donor, 100mg/kg) or BHT (250 mg/kg/day), for 3 days. At second, fourth and sixth hours, plasma nitrite-plus-nitrate, circulating liver enzymes, glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities were measured. The most remarkable liver injury was evident in BHT pre-treated animals at all time points compared to L-arg pre-treated rats. While BHT enhanced superoxide dismutase activities following LPS, glutathione decreased simultaneously compared to L-arg group. Although the risk associated with the use of BHT alone in subthreshold doses appeared to be low, higher risk of liver toxicity should be considered when over-consuming this food additive in endotoxemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, TR 06330 Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey
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Fowles RG, Mootoo BS, Ramsewak RS, Reynolds WF, Nair MGG. Limonoids from Meliaceae with Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Activity. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the antioxidant activity of natural limonoids from Meliaceae swietenolide (1), 3,6-O,O-diacetylswietenolide (2), swietenine (3), swietemahonin G (4) and 2-hydroxyswietenine (5) were investigated along with the semisynthetic analogues (6-25) of compounds 1, 3-4. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) inhibitory assays revealed 85.6, 13.3, 77.3, 61.2 and 24.6 % inhibition for the natural compounds 1-5. Excellent antioxidant activity was seen for the semisynthetic analogues 10 (98.3 %), 16-17, 21-22 and 25 (100 %), which were more active than the positive controls BHA (91.3 %) and TBHQ (95.7 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Fowles
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, T6G 2P5, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Baldwin S. Mootoo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Russel S. Ramsewak
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | | | - Muraleedharan G. G. Nair
- Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Monga J, Sharma M, Tailor N, Ganesh N. Antimelanoma and radioprotective activity of alcoholic aqueous extract of different species of Ocimum in C(57)BL mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2011; 49:428-436. [PMID: 21428866 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2010.521513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various Ocimum species (Labiateae) are commonly used for the treatment of inflammation, stress, diarrhea, and as an antioxidant drug in the Indian ethnic system of medicine. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to investigate the antimelanoma and radioprotective activity of different species of Ocimum in C(57)BL and Swiss albino mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antimelanoma activity of 50% alcoholic aqueous leaf extract of five species of Ocimum [Ocimum sanctum (SE), Ocimum gratissimum (GE), Ocimum basilicum (BE), Ocimum canum (CE), and Ocimum kilimandscharicum (KE)] alone or in combination with radiotherapy was determined on the basis of tumor volume, body weight, and survival rate of animals. The radioprotective potential of different species of Ocimum was determined by chromosomal aberration assay. The effect of the alcoholic aqueous extract of different species of Ocimum was also evaluated for the estimation of glutathione level and glutathione S-transferase activity in Swiss albino mice. RESULTS The 50% alcoholic aqueous extract of different species of Ocimum administered orally (200 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in significant reduction in tumor volume, increase in average body weight, and survival rate of mice. The various extracts showed modulatory influence against lethal irradiation doses of gamma radiation in terms of radiation-induced chromosomal damage, while at the same time induced an increase in reduced glutathione level and GST activity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that Ocimum species have antimelanoma and radioprotective activity against B(16)F(10) metastatic melanoma cell line-induced metastasis and could be exploited as one of the potential sources for plant-based pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Monga
- Research Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Idgah Hills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Kim JS, Kwon YS, Sa YJ, Kim MJ. Isolation and identification of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) phenolics with antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:138-144. [PMID: 21142100 DOI: 10.1021/jf103130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects from the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds of sea buckthorn leaves. Six compounds, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-(6''-O-coumaryl) glycoside, 1-feruloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, were isolated from sea buckthorn leaf extracts. The butanol fraction (EC(50) = 1.81 μg/mL) along with quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (EC(50) = 1.86 μg/mL) had a higher DPPH radical-scavenging activity and showed stronger reducing power (OD(700) = 1.83 and 1.78, respectively). The butanol fraction (477 mg GAE/g) contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds and also the most powerful α-glucosidase inhibitory effect (86%) at 5 μg/mL. The results indicate that sea buckthorn leaf extracts could potentially be used for food additives and the development of useful natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Sung Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R. Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention. Res Vet Sci 2010; 89:325-31. [PMID: 20462619 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AF) are ubiquitous in corn-based animal feed and causes hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic effects. The most important AF in terms of toxic potency and occurrence is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to the toxic and carcinogenic action of AFB1, resulting in millions of dollars in annual losses to producers due to reduced growth rate, increased susceptibility to disease, reduced egg production and other adverse effects. The extreme sensitivity of turkeys and other poultry to AFB1 is associated with efficient hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation and deficient detoxification by glutathione S-transferases (GST). Discerning the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of this extreme sensitivity of poultry to AFB1, will contribute in the development of novel strategies to increase aflatoxin resistance. Since AFB1 is an unavoidable contaminant of corn-based poultry feed, chemoprevention strategies aimed at reducing AFB1 toxicity in poultry and in other animals have been the subject of numerous studies. This brief review summarizes many of the key recent findings regarding the action of aflatoxins in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Rawal
- Graduate Program in Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4620, USA
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Guarisco J, Hall J, Coulombe R. Butylated hydroxytoluene chemoprevention of aflatoxicosis – Effects on aflatoxin B1 bioavailability, hepatic DNA adduct formation, and biliary excretion. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3727-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prashar R, Kumar A. Chemopreventive Action of Ocimum sanctum on 2,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene DMBA-Induced Papillomagenesis in the Skin of Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/13880209509065360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Prashar
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 302 004, India
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Guarisco JA, Hall JO, Coulombe RA. Mechanisms of butylated hydroxytoluene chemoprevention of aflatoxicosis—inhibition of aflatoxin B1 metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 227:339-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brewster ME, Braunstein AJ, Bartruff MSM, Kibbey C, Huang MJ, Pop E, Bodor N. Solubilization and electrochemical stabilization of substituted phenols through the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Supramol Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10610279408029864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus E. Brewster
- a Pharmos, Corp., Two Innovation Dr., Suite A , Alachua, FL, 32615
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Andrew J. Braunstein
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
- c Southeastern College of Medicine , Miami, FL
| | - Michael Scott M. Bartruff
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
- d Mercer University , Macon, GA
| | - Chris Kibbey
- a Pharmos, Corp., Two Innovation Dr., Suite A , Alachua, FL, 32615
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Ming-Ju Huang
- a Pharmos, Corp., Two Innovation Dr., Suite A , Alachua, FL, 32615
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Emil Pop
- a Pharmos, Corp., Two Innovation Dr., Suite A , Alachua, FL, 32615
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
| | - Nicholas Bodor
- a Pharmos, Corp., Two Innovation Dr., Suite A , Alachua, FL, 32615
- b Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL, 32610
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Guo L, Xie MY, Yan AP, Wan YQ, Wu YM. Simultaneous determination of five synthetic antioxidants in edible vegetable oil by GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1881-7. [PMID: 16972057 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple, quick and nontoxic analytical method for the simultaneous determination of five synthetic antioxidants [t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT), t-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), ethoxyquin (EQ) and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethyl-phenol (Ionox 100)] in edible vegetable oil has been developed. The analytes were extracted by ethanol, then separated and detected by GC-MS. Extraction conditions such as volume of ethanol required, mixing time and number of extractions were investigated and optimized by an orthogonal array experimental design. The five compounds behaved linearly in the 0.100 approximately 20.0 mg/L concentration range, and the limits of detection (LOD) for BHA, BHT, TBHQ, EQ and Ionox-100 were 1.00, 0.92, 11.5, 0.83 and 1.39 microg/L, respectively. The recoveries at the tested concentrations of 1.00, 20.0 and 100 mg/kg were 75.6 approximately 123%, with coefficients of variation<10.0%. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of the five antioxidants in soybean oil, tea oil, edible blended oil, rap oil, peanut oil, peanut blended oil and sesame oil samples purchased from local supermarkets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Science of Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, People's Republic of China
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Singh RP, Banerjee S, Kumar PVS, Raveesha KA, Rao AR. Tinospora cordifolia induces enzymes of carcinogen/drug metabolism and antioxidant system, and inhibits lipid peroxidation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 13:74-84. [PMID: 16360936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an effort to identify a potent chemopreventive agent against various diseases (including cancer) in which oxidative stress plays an important causative role. Here, we investigated the effect of a hydroalcoholic (80% ethanol: 20% distilled water) extract of aerial roots of Tinospora cordifolia (50 and 100mg/kg body wt./day for 2 weeks) on carcinogen/drug metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in liver of 8-week-old Swiss albino mice. The modulatory effect of the extract was also examined on extrahepatic organs, i.e., lung, kidney and forestomach, for the activities of GSH S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Significant increases in the levels of acid-soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) and cytochrome P(450) contents, and enzyme activities of cytochrome P(450) reductase, cytochrome b(5) reductase, GST, DTD, SOD, catalase, GSH peroxidase (GPX) and GSH reductase (GR) were observed in the liver. Both treated groups showed decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. In lung SOD, catalase and GST; in kidney SOD and catalase; and in forestomach SOD, DTD and GST showed significant increase at both dose levels of treatment. BHA (0.75%, w/w in diet), a pure antioxidant compound, was used as a positive control. This group showed increase in hepatic levels of GSH content, cytochrome b(5), DTD, GST, GR and catalase, whereas MDA formation was inhibited significantly. In the BHA-treated group, the lung and kidney showed increased levels of catalase, DTD and GST, whereas SOD was significantly increased in the kidney and forestomach; the latter also showed an increase in the activities of DTD and GST. The enhanced GSH level and enzyme activities involved in xenobiotic metabolism and maintaining antioxidant status of cells are suggestive of a chemopreventive efficacy of T. cordifolia against chemotoxicity, including carcinogenicity, which warrants further investigation of active principle (s) present in the extract responsible for the observed effects employing various carcinogenesis models.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Kumar A, Kumar M, Panwar M, Samarth RM, Park TY, Park MH, Kimura H. Evaluation of chemopreventive action of Ginsenoside Rp1. Biofactors 2006; 26:29-43. [PMID: 16614481 DOI: 10.1002/biof.5520260104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the chemopreventive properties of Ginsenoside Rp1 on 7,12-Dimethyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA) skin papillomagenesis in Swiss albino mice. A significant reduction in values of tumor incidence, tumor burden, and cumulative number of papilloma was observed in mice treated orally with Ginsenoside Rp1 continuously at pre-, peri- and post-initiational stages of papillomagenesis as compared to the control group. Chemopreventive potential of Ginsenoside Rp1 was also observed on the skin metabolizing enzymes in Swiss albino mice. Ginsenoside Rp1 produced a significant elevation in the skin microsomal cytochrome p-450 and cytochrome b5, glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels in the group of mice treated with Ginsenoside Rp1 for seven consecutive days. However, there was significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (LPO) level in Ginsenoside Rp1 treated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302004, India.
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Guan Y, Chu Q, Fu L, Ye J. Determination of antioxidants in cosmetics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1074:201-4. [PMID: 15941056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient method for the determination of antioxidants [Propyl gallate (PG), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)] in cosmetics has been established by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with electrochemical detection (MECC-ED). Under the optimum conditions of the method, all analytes were successfully separated within 13 min at the separation voltage of 18 kV in a 20 mmol/L borate running buffer (pH 7.4) containing 25 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate. The excellent linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 5.0 x 10(-4) to 2.0 x 10(-6) mol/L and the detection limits (S/N = 3) of PG, TBHQ, BHA, and BHT range from 3 x 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-6) mol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Guan
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Ozen T, Korkmaz H. Modulatory effect of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) leaf extract on biotransformation enzyme systems, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:405-415. [PMID: 12834006 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effects of two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt given orally for 14 days) of an ethanol-water (80%-20%) extract of Urtica dioica L. and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were investigated, for phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation and sulfhydryl groups in the liver of Swiss albino mice (8-9 weeks old). A modulatory effect of two doses and BHA was also observed for the activities of glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the kidney, lung and forestomach, as compared with the control group. The activities of cytochrome b5 (cyt b5), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (cyt b5 R), glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase in the liver at both dose levels of extract. Both extract-treated showed significantly lower activity of cytochrome P450 (cyt P450), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (cyt P450 R), total sulfhydryl groups (T-SH), nonprotein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) and protein-bound sulfhydryl groups (PB-SH). BHA-treated Swiss albino mice showed a notable increase in levels of cyt b5, DTD, T-SH, PB-SH, GPx, GR, and SOD in the liver while, LDH, cyt P450, cyt P450 R, Cyt b5 R, GST, NP-SH, and CAT levels were reduced significantly as compared to control values. The extract was effective in inducing GST, DTD, SOD and CAT activity in the forestomach and SOD and CAT activity in the lung at both dose levels. BHA-treated Swiss albino mice induced DTD, GST and all antioxidative parameters in the kidney, lung and forestomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ozen
- Ondokuz Mayis University, The Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kurupelit, Samsun-Turkey.
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Gildemeister OS, Pepe JA, Lambrecht RW, Bonkovsky HL. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by phenylarsine oxide. Studies in cultured primary liver cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2002. [PMID: 11768235 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012773317200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1, the major inducible isoform of heme oxygenase (HO), can be induced by heme and numerous other physical and chemical factors, many of which cause cellular 'stress'. This has led to the realization that HO-1 is a major highly conserved stress or heat shock protein. Recent work has implicated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and other kinases in the mechanism of induction of HO-1, and suggested that signal transduction pathways through tyrosine kinases are involved in induction of HO-1 gene expression by stress inducers. We hypothesized that phenylarsine oxide (PAO), an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), might up-regulate the HO-1 gene. Here, we show that a remarkably brief (1-15 min) exposure of normal hepatocytes to low concentrations (0.5-3 microM) of PAO produces a marked increase in mRNA and protein of HO-1. This increase is comparable to the level obtained by addition of heme (20 microM), and occurs without producing changes in cellular glutathione levels or stabilization of HO-1 message. Preincubation of cells with inhibitors of protein synthesis decreased the ability of PAO to increase levels of HO-1 mRNA, suggesting that the inductive effect requires de novo protein synthesis. Addition of thiol donors abrogated the PAO-mediated induction of HO-1 in a dose dependent fashion. Addition of genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, blunted the induction produced by both PAO and heme. After brief incubations with PAO or heme, cell extracts showed comparable increases in levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in general, and specifically in ZAP70 kinase. Our results are consistent with the proposition that induction of HO-1 by PAO involves inhibition of specific PTP(s), and that the mechanisms of induction of HO-1 by PAO and by heme may share some common pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Gildemeister
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA.
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Singh RP, Padmavathi B, Rao AR. Modulatory influence of Adhatoda vesica (Justicia adhatoda) leaf extract on the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2000; 213:99-109. [PMID: 11129964 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007182913931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effect of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body wt/day for 14 days) of 80% ethanolic extract of the leaves of Adhatoda vesica were examined on drug metabolizing phase I and phase II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of 8 weeks old Swiss albino mice. The modulatory effect of the extract was also examined on extra-hepatic organs viz. lung, kidney and forestomach for the activities of glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Significant increase in the activities of acid soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) content, cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, cytochrome b5, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in the liver at both dose levels of treatments. Adhatoda vesica acted as bifunctional inducer since it induced both phase I and phase II enzyme systems. Both the treated groups showed significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in liver, suggesting its role in protection against prooxidant induced membrane damage. The cytosolic protein was significantly inhibited at both the dose levels of treatment indicating the possibility of its involvement in the inhibition of protein synthesis. BHA has significantly induced the activities of GR and GSH in the present study. The extract was effective in inducing GST and DTD in lung and forestomach, and SOD and CAT in kidney. Thus, besides liver, other organs viz., lung, kidney and forestomach were also stimulated by Adhatoda, to increase the potential of the machinery associated with the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. But, liver and lung showed a more consistent induction. Since the study of induction of the phase I and phase II enzymes is considered to be a reliable marker for evaluating the chemopreventive efficacy of a particular compound, these findings are suggestive of the possible chemopreventive role played by Adhatoda leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Singh RP, Banerjee S, Rao AR. Effect of Aegle marmelos on biotransformation enzyme systems and protection against free-radical-mediated damage in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000; 52:991-1000. [PMID: 11007071 DOI: 10.1211/0022357001774714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of hydroalcoholic (80% ethanol, 20% water) extract of leaves of Aegle marmelos was examined on carcinogen-metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation, using two doses of dried extract (50 and 100 mg kg(-1) daily for 14 days), in the liver of mice. The modulatory effect of the extract was also examined on extrahepatic organs (lung, kidney and fore-stomach) for effects on the activity of glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Extract treatment significantly increased the basal levels of acid-soluble sulphydryl (-SH) content, cytochrome P450, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, cytochrome b5, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the liver. Aegle acted as a bifunctional inducer since it induced both phase-I and phase-II enzyme systems. Both doses significantly decreased the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and formation of malondialdehyde in liver, suggesting a role in cytoprotection as well as protection against pro-oxidant-induced membrane damage. Butylated hydroxyanisole (positive control) induced almost all the antioxidative parameters measured in this study. The extract was effective in inducing glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in lung, glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase and superoxide dismutase in fore-stomach, and DT-diaphorase and superoxide dismutase in lung. These significant changes in the levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and antioxidative profiles are strongly indicative of the chemopreventive potential of this plant, especially against chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Singh RP, Dhanalakshmi S, Rao AR. Chemomodulatory action of Aloe vera on the profiles of enzymes associated with carcinogen metabolism and antioxidant status regulation in mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 7:209-219. [PMID: 11185732 DOI: 10.1016/s0944-7113(00)80006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two doses (30 microl and 60 microl/day/mice daily for 14 days) of the fresh leaf pulp extract of Aloe vera was examined on carcinogen-metabolizing phase-I and phase-II enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione content, lactate dehydrogenase and lipid peroxidation in the liver of mice. The modulatory effect of the pulp extract was also examined on extrahepatic organs (lung, kidney and forestomach) for the activities of glutathione S-transferase, DT-diophorase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The positive control mice were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Significant increases in the levels of acid soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) content, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, glutathione S-transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione reductase (GR) were observed in the liver. Aloe vera significantly reduced the levels of cytochrome P450 and cytochrome b5. Thus, Aloe vera is clearly an inducer of phase-II enzyme system. Treatment with both doses of Aloe caused a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the liver, suggesting its role in protection against prooxidant-induced membrane and cellular damage. The microsomal and cytosolic protein was significantly enhanced by Aloe vera, indicating the possibility of its involvement in the induction of protein synthesis. BHA, an antioxidant compound, provided the authenticity of our assay protocol and response of animals against modulator. The pulp extract was effective in inducing GST, DTD, SOD and catalase as measured in extrahepatic organs. Thus, besides liver, other organs (lung, kidney and forestomach) were also influenced favorably by Aloe vera in order to detoxify reactive metabolites, including chemical carcinogens and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Singh
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- First Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- First Department of Pathology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Environmental impacts associated with the application of radical-scavenging stabilizers in polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(96)00011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Banerjee S, Prashar R, Kumar A, Rao AR. Modulatory influence of alcoholic extract of Ocimum leaves on carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme activities and reduced glutathione levels in mouse. Nutr Cancer 1996; 25:205-17. [PMID: 8710690 DOI: 10.1080/01635589609514443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports the modulatory influence of alcoholic extract from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum on the activities of cytochrome p-450, cytochrome b5, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase enzymes in the liver and glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione level in the liver, lung, and stomach of the mouse. Oral treatment with the leaf extract at 400 and 800 mg/kg body wt for 15 days would significantly elevate the activities of cytochrome p-450 (p < 0.05), cytochrome b5 (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (p < 0.05), and glutathione S-transferase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), all of which are important in the detoxification of carcinogens as well as mutagens. Moreover treatment with 400 and 800 mg/kg body wt of Ocimum extract for 15 days also significantly elevated extrahepatic glutathione-S-transferase (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The reduced glutathione level was also elevated by treatment with the leaf extract in liver, lung, and stomach tissues (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Mice fed a diet containing 0.75% butylated hydroxyanisole (positive control) revealed no alteration in the basal hepatic cytochrome p-450 and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase level, but hepatic cytochrome b5 and glutathione S-transferase activity in hepatic and extrahepatic organs were elevated in a time-responsive manner (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). The observations suggest further exploitation of the Ocimum leaf extract or its active principle(s) for the chemoprevention of chemical carcinogenesis in different animal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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