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Jeneske HJ, Chun CKY, Koulicoff LA, Hene SR, Vipham J, O'Quinn TG, Zumbaugh MD, Chao MD. Effect of accelerated aging on shelf-stability, product loss, sensory and biochemical characteristics in 2 lower quality beef cuts. Meat Sci 2024; 213:109513. [PMID: 38608338 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of accelerated aging (AA) on shelf stability, product loss, sensory and biochemical characteristics of 2 lower quality beef cuts. Triceps brachii (TB) and semimembranosus (SM) were collected and fabricated from 10 USDA Choice beef carcasses and assigned to 1 of 6 treatments: 3 d cooler aged (control), 21 d cooler aged, AA 49 °C for 2 h, AA 49 °C for 3 h, AA 54 °C for 2 h, and AA 54 °C for 3 h. The results showed that AA can decrease APC counts on steak surface and in purge and redness, but increase lightness and product loss of the steaks (P < 0.01). Lower shear force was also found for AA steaks compared to those from the control (P < 0.01), with the AA 54 °C treatments being comparable to 21 d cooler aging. However, the trained sensory panel determined AA steaks were less juicy and flavorful than those from the control and 21 d cooler aged samples (P < 0.05). There was no off-flavor detected in AA steaks though lipid oxidation was higher in AA samples than those in the control steaks (P < 0.01). The AA treatments stimulated cathepsin activity (P < 0.05), which may have enhanced the solubilization of stromal proteins and led to a different troponin-T degradation pattern compared to those from the 21 d aged samples (P < 0.01). Although AA is an economical and time-efficient method to increase tenderness of lower-quality beef cuts, further research is needed to determine strategies to mitigate the decrease in juiciness from AA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley J Jeneske
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Colin K Y Chun
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Larissa A Koulicoff
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sara R Hene
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jessie Vipham
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Travis G O'Quinn
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Morgan D Zumbaugh
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Michael D Chao
- Kansas State University, Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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2
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Sahan AZ, Baday M, Patel CB. Biomimetic Hydrogels in the Study of Cancer Mechanobiology: Overview, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080496. [PMID: 36005097 PMCID: PMC9407355 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are biocompatible polymers that are tunable to the system under study, allowing them to be widely used in medicine, bioprinting, tissue engineering, and biomechanics. Hydrogels are used to mimic the three-dimensional microenvironment of tissues, which is essential to understanding cell–cell interactions and intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., proliferation, apoptosis, growth, and survival). Emerging evidence suggests that the malignant properties of cancer cells depend on mechanical cues that arise from changes in their microenvironment. These mechanobiological cues include stiffness, shear stress, and pressure, and have an impact on cancer proliferation and invasion. The hydrogels can be tuned to simulate these mechanobiological tissue properties. Although interest in and research on the biomedical applications of hydrogels has increased in the past 25 years, there is still much to learn about the development of biomimetic hydrogels and their potential applications in biomedical and clinical settings. This review highlights the application of hydrogels in developing pre-clinical cancer models and their potential for translation to human disease with a focus on reviewing the utility of such models in studying glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Z. Sahan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Murat Baday
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Precision Health and Integrated Diagnostics Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chirag B. Patel
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (C.B.P.)
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3
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Medoro A, Bartollino S, Mignogna D, Marziliano N, Porcile C, Nizzari M, Florio T, Pagano A, Raimo G, Intrieri M, Russo C. Proteases Upregulation in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:931-938. [PMID: 30814362 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Certain proteases are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their erroneous control may contribute to the pathology onset and progression. In this study we evaluated the cerebral expression of eight proteases, involved in both AβPP processing and extracellular matrix remodeling. Among these proteases, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show a significantly higher mRNAs expression in sporadic AD subjects versus controls, while ADAMTS1, Cathepsin D, and Meprin β show an increment also at the protein level. These data indicate that transcriptional events affecting brain proteases are activated in AD patients, suggesting a link between proteolysis and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Silvia Bartollino
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Donatella Mignogna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Nicola Marziliano
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy.,Clinical Pathology Laboratory, ASL Taranto, Italy
| | - Carola Porcile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mario Nizzari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariano Intrieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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4
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Zecha J, Meng C, Zolg DP, Samaras P, Wilhelm M, Kuster B. Peptide Level Turnover Measurements Enable the Study of Proteoform Dynamics. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:974-992. [PMID: 29414762 PMCID: PMC5930408 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordination of protein synthesis and degradation regulating protein abundance is a fundamental process in cellular homeostasis. Today, mass spectrometry-based technologies allow determination of endogenous protein turnover on a proteome-wide scale. However, standard dynamic SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture) approaches can suffer from missing data across pulse time-points limiting the accuracy of such analysis. This issue is of particular relevance when studying protein stability at the level of proteoforms because often only single peptides distinguish between different protein products of the same gene. To address this shortcoming, we evaluated the merits of combining dynamic SILAC and tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeling of ten pulse time-points in a single experiment. Although the comparison to the standard dynamic SILAC method showed a high concordance of protein turnover rates, the pulsed SILAC-TMT approach yielded more comprehensive data (6000 proteins on average) without missing values. Replicate analysis further established that the same reproducibility of turnover rate determination can be obtained for peptides and proteins facilitating proteoform resolved investigation of protein stability. We provide several examples of differentially turned over splice variants and show that post-translational modifications can affect cellular protein half-lives. For example, N-terminally processed peptides exhibited both faster and slower turnover behavior compared with other peptides of the same protein. In addition, the suspected proteolytic processing of the fusion protein FAU was substantiated by measuring vastly different stabilities of the cleavage products. Furthermore, differential peptide turnover suggested a previously unknown mechanism of activity regulation by post-translational destabilization of cathepsin D as well as the DNA helicase BLM. Finally, our comprehensive data set facilitated a detailed evaluation of the impact of protein properties and functions on protein stability in steady-state cells and uncovered that the high turnover of respiratory chain complex I proteins might be explained by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zecha
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
- §German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ¶German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Paul Zolg
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Patroklos Samaras
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelm
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- From the ‡Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85354 Freising, Germany;
- §German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ¶German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- ‖Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center (BayBioMS), TUM, 85354 Freising, Germany
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5
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Zaidi N, Maurer A, Nieke S, Kalbacher H. Cathepsin D: a cellular roadmap. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 376:5-9. [PMID: 18762174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 08/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin D is a normal and major component of lysosomes, it is found in almost all cells and tissues of mammals. Present review describes different events in cellular life of cathepsin D mainly its biosynthesis, co-translational and posttranslational modifications, targeting to lysosomes and proteolytic processing and maturation within lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Zaidi
- Medical and Natural Sciences Research Centre, University of Tubingen, Ob dem Himmerlreich 7, 72074 Tubingen, Germany
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6
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Schechter I, Ziv E. Kinetic properties of cathepsin D and BACE 1 indicate the need to search for additional beta-secretase candidate(s). Biol Chem 2008; 389:313-20. [PMID: 18177262 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2008.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that BACE 1 is the genuine beta-secretase; however, this is not undisputed. The wild-type (WT) beta-site of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) present in the worldwide population is cleaved very slowly (kcat/Km: approx. 50 m(-1) s(-1)), while proteases acting on relevant substrates are much more efficient (kcat/Km: 10(4)-10(6) m(-1) s(-1)). Knock-out of BACE 1 in mouse markedly reduces A beta formation. Nevertheless, studies in other systems show that knock-out experiments in rodents and corresponding genetic defects in human may reveal different phenotypes. Considering these issues, we searched for other beta-secretase candidate(s), identified cathepsin D, and evaluated properties of cathepsin D related to BACE 1 that were not examined previously. The kinetic constants (kcat, Km, kcat/Km) for cleaving peptides with beta-sites of the WT or the mutated Swedish families (SW) APP by human BACE 1 and cathepsin D were determined and found to be similar. Western blots reveal that in human brain cathepsin D is approximately 280-fold more abundant than BACE 1. Furthermore, pepstatin A strongly inhibits the cleavage of SW and WT peptides by both brain extracts and cathepsin D, but not by BACE 1. These findings indicate that beta-secretase activity observed in brain extracts is mainly due to cathepsin D. Nevertheless, as both BACE 1 and cathepsin D show poor activity towards the WT beta-site sequence, it is necessary to continue the search for additional beta-secretase candidate(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Schechter
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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7
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Abstract
A literature survey was performed of human cathepsin D gene, cathepsin D biosynthesis, posttranslatory modifications, transport within the cell, substrate specificity and catalytic effect. Methods used to determine the activity and level of this proteinase as well as its role in the biochemistry and pathobiochemistry of cells, tissues and organs were considered.
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Laurent-Matha V, Derocq D, Prébois C, Katunuma N, Liaudet-Coopman E. Processing of human cathepsin D is independent of its catalytic function and auto-activation: involvement of cathepsins L and B. J Biochem 2007; 139:363-71. [PMID: 16567401 PMCID: PMC2376303 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvj037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current mechanism proposed for the processing and activation of the 52 kDa lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin D (cath-D) is a combination of partial auto-activation generating a 51 kDa pseudo-cath-D, followed by enzyme-assisted maturation involving cysteine and/or aspartic proteases and yielding successively a 48 kDa intermediate and then 34 + 14 kDa cath-D mature species. Here we have investigated the in vivo processing of human cath-D in a cath-D-deficient fibroblast cell line in order to determine whether its maturation occurs through already active cath-D and/or other proteases. We demonstrate that cellular cath-D is processed in a manner independent of its catalytic function and that auto-activation is not a required step. Moreover, the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 partially blocks processing, leading to accumulation of 52-48 kDa cath-D intermediates. Furthermore, two inhibitors, CLICK148 and CA-074Met, specific for the lysosomal cath-L and cath-B cysteine proteases induce accumulation of 48 kDa intermediate cath-D. Finally, maturation of endocytosed pro-cath-D is also independent of its catalytic function and requires cysteine proteases. We therefore conclude that the mechanism of cath-D maturation involves a fully-assisted processing similar to that of pro-renin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Laurent-Matha
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Danielle Derocq
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Christine Prébois
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
| | - Nobuhiko Katunuma
- Institute of Health Sciences
Tokushima Bunri UniversityYamshiro-chi, Tokushima-city,770-8514,JP
| | - Emmanuelle Liaudet-Coopman
- Endocrinologie moléculaire et cellulaire des cancers
INSERM : U540Université Montpellier I60 rue de Navacelles
34090 Montpellier,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Emmanuelle Liaudet-Coopman
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9
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Kyttälä A, Lahtinen U, Braulke T, Hofmann SL. Functional biology of the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2006; 1762:920-33. [PMID: 16839750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofucinoses (NCLs) are a group of severe neurodegenerative disorders characterized by accumulation of autofluorescent ceroid lipopigment in patients' cells. The different forms of NCL share many similar pathological features but result from mutations in different genes. The genes affected in NCLs encode both soluble and transmembrane proteins and are localized to ER or to the endosomes/lysosomes. Due to selective vulnerability of the central nervous system in the NCL disorders, the corresponding proteins are proposed to have important, tissue specific roles in the brain. The pathological similarities of the different NCLs have led not only to the grouping of these disorders but also to suggestion that the NCL proteins function in the same biological pathway. Despite extensive research, including the development of several model organisms for NCLs and establishment of high-throughput techniques, the precise biological function of many of the NCL proteins has remained elusive. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the functions, or proposed functions, of the different NCL proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aija Kyttälä
- National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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10
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Liaudet-Coopman E, Beaujouin M, Derocq D, Garcia M, Glondu-Lassis M, Laurent-Matha V, Prébois C, Rochefort H, Vignon F. Cathepsin D: newly discovered functions of a long-standing aspartic protease in cancer and apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2005; 237:167-79. [PMID: 16046058 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The lysosomal aspartic protease cathepsin D (cath-D) is over-expressed and hyper-secreted by epithelial breast cancer cells. This protease is an independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer being correlated with the incidence of clinical metastasis. Cath-D over-expression stimulates tumorigenicity and metastasis. Indeed it plays an essential role in the multiple steps of tumor progression, in stimulating cancer cell proliferation, fibroblast outgrowth and angiogenesis, as well as in inhibiting tumor apoptosis. A mutated cath-D devoid of catalytic activity still proved mitogenic for cancer, endothelial and fibroblastic cells, suggesting an extra-cellular mode of action of cath-D involving a triggering, either directly or indirectly, of an as yet unidentified cell surface receptor. Cath-D is also a key mediator of induced-apoptosis and its proteolytic activity has been involved generally in this event. During apoptosis, mature lysosomal cath-D is translocated to the cytosol. Since cath-D is one of the lysosomal enzymes which requires a more acidic pH to be proteolytically-active relative to the cysteine lysosomal enzymes, such as cath-B and -L, it is open to question whether cytosolic cath-D might be able to cleave substrate(s) implicated in the apoptotic cascade. This review summarises our current knowledge on cath-D action in cancer progression and metastasis, as well as its dual function in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Liaudet-Coopman
- INSERM U540 'Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Cancers', Université de Montpellier 1, 60 rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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11
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Bellail AC, Hunter SB, Brat DJ, Tan C, Van Meir EG. Microregional extracellular matrix heterogeneity in brain modulates glioma cell invasion. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2004; 36:1046-69. [PMID: 15094120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2004.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Revised: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The invasion of neoplastic cells into healthy brain tissue is a pathologic hallmark of gliomas and contributes to the failure of current therapeutic modalities (surgery, radiation and chemotherapy). Transformed glial cells share the common attributes of the invasion process, including cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cell locomotion, and the ability to remodel extracellular space. However, glioma cells have the ability to invade as single cells through the unique environment of the normal central nervous system (CNS). The brain parenchyma has a unique composition, mainly hyaluronan and is devoid of rigid protein barriers composed of collagen, fibronectin and laminin. The integrins and the hyaluronan receptor CD44 are specific adhesion receptors active in glioma-ECM adhesion. These adhesion molecules play a major role in glioma cell-matrix interactions because the neoplastic cells use these receptors to adhere to and migrate along the components of the brain ECM. They also interact with the proteases secreted during glioma progression that degrade ECM allowing tumor cells to spread and diffusely infiltrate the brain parenchyma. The plasminogen activators (PAs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysosomal cysteine peptidases called cathepsins are also induced during the invasive process. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell invasion is critical as it plays a central role in glioma progression and failure of current treatment due to tumor recurrence from micro-disseminated disease. This review will focus on the impact of microregional heterogeneity of the ECM on glioma invasion in the normal adult brain and its modifications in tumoral brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita C Bellail
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, Hematology/Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute and Brain Tumor Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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12
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Thompson A, Grueninger-Leitch F, Huber G, Malherbe P. Expression and characterization of human beta-secretase candidates metalloendopeptidase MP78 and cathepsin D in beta APP-overexpressing cells. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1997; 48:206-14. [PMID: 9332717 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human beta-secretase candidates, MP78 (h-MP78, EC 3.4.24.15) and cathepsin D (Cat D, EC 3.4.23.5), were evaluated for their ability to enhance amyloid-beta-protein (A beta) secretion when overexpressed in beta APP-containing cells. HEK-293 cells stably co-expressing h-MP78 or Cat D and h-beta APP695 were metabolically labeled with [35S]methionine and A beta secretion was quantified in the conditioned media by immunoprecipitation and ELISA without showing any significant increase in A beta production. Because Cat D is known to have a higher affinity for APP-substrate containing the Swedish familial Alzheimer's disease double mutation (SFAD, K595N and M596L substitutions in beta APP695) than for the wild type substrate [Dreyer et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 224 (1994) 265-271], the effect of Cat D overexpression was tested in a HEK293/beta APPSFAD stable cell line. ELISA analysis of the conditioned media from these cells did also not reveal any increase in A beta generation. In addition, recombinant h-MP78 purified from E. coli cleaved an APP-derived substrate spanning the beta-secretase site (ISEVKMD1AEFRHDS) at multiple sites, but the beta-site cleavage was only a minor one; cleavage occurred predominantly at K-M and E-F bonds. Human liver Cat D also cleaved the same substrate at multiple sites, yet the major cleavage at pH 4.0 occurred at the amyloidogenic D1 site. These findings indicate that h-MP78 does not have the cleavage specificity required for a beta-secretase protease and although Cat D fulfilled the amyloidogenic cleavage specificity, the results of the co-expression experiments make both enzymes less likely candidates as relevant beta-secretases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Thompson
- Pharma Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Higashiyama M, Doi O, Kodama K, Yokouchi H, Kasugai T, Ishiguro S. Influence of cathepsin D expression in lung adenocarcinoma on prognosis: possible importance of its expression in tumor cells and stromal cells, and its intracellular polarization in tumor cells. J Surg Oncol 1997; 65:10-9. [PMID: 9179261 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199705)65:1<10::aid-jso3>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin D, an aspartic lysosomal proteinase, has been described to be closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis in some human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to determine clinicopathological and prognostic significance of cathepsin D expression in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Expression of cathepsin D in 152 lung adenocarcinoma patients was immunohistochemically studied using the antihuman cathepsin D antibody. RESULTS Eighty patients (53%) showed negative immunoreactivities in tumor cells. The cathepsin D-positive patients (72 patients, 47%) were divided into two subgroups; granular type expression (48 patients, 31%) with its polarized expression mainly in the luminal side of the cytoplasm of tumor cells and basal type expression (24 patients, 16%) with its polarized expression mainly in the basal or infranuclear side of the cytoplasm. Patients with basal type expression showed significantly more marked scar formation (P = 0.042), and especially among the patients with stage I disease, those with basal type tended to show poorer prognosis (P = 0.071) than the others. Cathepsin D was also expressed in stromal cells within the tumor tissues, and 86 patients (57%) with moderate to massively infiltrating cathepsin D-positive stromal cells showed a lower grade of differentiation (P = 0.005) and higher scar grade (P = 0.0003) than those with few cathepsin D-positive stromal cells. Cathepsin D status in stromal cells was significantly associated with prognosis (P = 0.014), and in a multivariate analysis, its expression status in stomal cells was marginally an independent prognostic factor only among the stage I patients. CONCLUSIONS In determining significance of cathepsin D expression in this disease, it is important to consider separately its expression cell type and its polarization pattern in tumor cells within the tumor tissue. How ever, only cathepsin D status in stromal cells within the tumor tissue is a marginal marker influencing prognosis among stage I patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Higashiyama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan
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14
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Erickson JW, Baldwin ET, Bhat TN, Gulnik S. Structure of human cathepsin D: comparison of inhibitor binding and subdomain displacement with other aspartic proteases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 362:181-92. [PMID: 8540317 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1871-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Erickson
- Structural Biochemistry Program, PRI/DynCorp, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Maryland 21702, USA
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