1
|
Jaglarz MK, Tworzydlo W, Bilinski SM. Excretion in the mother's body: modifications of the larval excretory system in the viviparous dermapteran, Arixenia esau. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1799-1809. [PMID: 29948364 PMCID: PMC6208827 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of Dermaptera are free-living and oviparous, i.e., females lay eggs within which embryonic development occurs until the larva hatches. In contrast, in the epizoic dermapteran Arixenia esau, eggs are retained within mother's body and the embryos and first instar larvae develop inside her reproductive system. Such a reproductive strategy poses many physiological challenges for a mother, one of which is the removal of metabolic waste generated by the developing offspring. Here, we examine how the Arixenia females cope with this challenge by analyzing features of the developing larval excretory system. Our comparative analyses of the early and late first instar larvae revealed characteristic modifications in the cellular architecture of the Malpighian tubules, indicating that these organs are functional. The results of the electron probe microanalyses suggest additionally that the larval Malpighian tubules are mainly involved in maintaining ion homeostasis. We also found that the lumen of the larval alimentary track is occluded by a cellular diaphragm at the midgut-hindgut junction and that cells of the diaphragm accumulate metabolic compounds. Such an organization of the larval gut apparently prevents fouling of the mother's organism with the offspring metabolic waste and therefore can be regarded as an adaptation for viviparity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szczepan M Bilinski
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonçalves WG, Fernandes KM, Santana WC, Martins GF, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Post-embryonic development of the Malpighian tubules in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera) workers: morphology, remodeling, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:585-599. [PMID: 28988368 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The honeybee Apis mellifera has ecological and economic importance; however, it experiences a population decline, perhaps due to exposure to toxic compounds, which are excreted by Malpighian tubules. During metamorphosis of A. mellifera, the Malpighian tubules degenerate and are formed de novo. The objective of this work was to verify the cellular events of the Malpighian tubule renewal in the metamorphosis, which are the gradual steps of cell remodeling, determining different cell types and their roles in the excretory activity in A. mellifera. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural analyses showed that the cells of the larval Malpighian tubules degenerate by apoptosis and autophagy, and the new Malpighian tubules are formed by cell proliferation. The ultrastructure of the cells in the Malpighian tubules suggest that cellular remodeling only occurs from dark-brown-eyed pupae, indicating the onset of excretion activity in pupal Malpighian tubules. In adult forager workers, two cell types occur in the Malpighian tubules, one with ultrastructural features (abundance of mitochondria, vacuoles, microvilli, and narrow basal labyrinth) for primary urine production and another cell type with dilated basal labyrinth, long microvilli, and absence of spherocrystals, which suggest a role in primary urine re-absorpotion. This study suggests that during the metamorphosis, Malpighian tubules are non-functional until the light-brown-eyed pupae, indicating that A. mellifera may be more vulnerable to toxic compounds at early pupal stages. In addition, cell ultrastructure suggests that the Malpighian tubules may be functional from dark-brown-eyed pupae and acquire greater complexity in the forager worker bee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Gonzaga Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Weyder Cristiano Santana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gonçalves WG, Fialho MDCQ, Azevedo DO, Zanuncio JC, Serrão JE. Ultrastructure of the excretory organs of Bombus morio (Hymenoptera: Bombini): bee without rectal pads. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:285-95. [PMID: 24188829 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761301372x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees need to keep bodily homeostasis and for that have an efficient system of excretion formed by the Malpighian tubules, ileum, and rectum. We analyzed the excretory organs of Bombus morio, a bee without rectal pads. In addition, we analyzed the rectal epithelium of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides which has rectal pads. The Malpighian tubules exhibited two cell types and the ileum four types. However, comparative analysis of the rectum showed that only cells of the anterior region of the rectal epithelium of B. morio are structurally distinct. We suggest that cells of the Malpighian tubules of B. morio have an excretory feature and that cells of ileum have different functions, such as ion absorption and water, organic compound, and protein secretion. In addition, only the anterior region of the rectum of B. morio showed characteristic absorption. We suggest that Malpighian tubules participate in the excretion of solutes and that the ileum and rectal epithelium are responsible for homeostasis of water and solutes, compensating for the absence of rectal papillae. These results contribute to our understanding of the morphophysiology of the excretory organs of bees without rectal pads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arab A, Caetano FH. Segmental specializations in the Malpighian tubules of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima Forel 1904 (Myrmicinae): an electron microscopical study. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2002; 30:281-92. [PMID: 18088962 DOI: 10.1016/s1467-8039(01)00039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2001] [Accepted: 12/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The Malpighian tubules of workers of the fire ant Solenopsis saevissima (Myrmicinae) were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in order to determine their functional organization and association with the hindgut epithelium. The ants showed six Malpighian tubules with three segments morphologically and structurally different. The proximal segment was long and its cells showed abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets, which suggest their role in lipid secretion. The mid segment was long and undulated and it was composed by the cells that showed the typical features of ion transporting epithelia. The distal segment, short and flattened, adheres to the rectum wall. The cells of this segment showed the basal lamina fused to that of the rectum, it is probable that this part of the tubule may play a role in ion and water uptake from the feces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Arab
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, CEP 13506-900, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hazelton SR, Townsend VR, Richter C, Ritter ME, Felgenhauer BE, Spring JH. Morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules of the Chilean common tarantula (Araneae: Theraphosidae). J Morphol 2002; 251:73-82. [PMID: 11746468 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules of spiders (Arachnida: Araneae). Our study represents the first investigation of the Malpighian tubules of a theraphosid spider and is the only study to examine the living Malpighian tubules using confocal laser scanning microscopy. In theraphosid spiders, the Malpighian tubules originate from the stercoral pocket in the posterior portion of the opisthosoma and extend forward toward the prosoma in a dendritic pattern. There are three distinct segments (initial, main, and terminal), all dark brown in appearance. Each segment has distinctive ultrastructural features. Both the terminal and the main segment appear to be composed of at least two cell types with finger-like cytoplasmic protrusions associated with one of these types. The terminal segment, which is most proximal to the stercoral pocket, is the largest in diameter. It is composed of large, cuboidal cells containing many mitochondria and lipid inclusions. The main segment is intermediate in diameter with many mitochondria and secretory vesicles present. The initial segment is relatively thin in comparison to the other segments and is intimately associated with the digestive gland. The cells of the initial segment contain very little cytoplasm, fewer mitochondria, secretory vesicles, and prominent inclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Renee Hazelton
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504-2451, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sorour J. Ultrastructural variations in Lethocerus niloticum (Insecta: Hemiptera) caused by pollution in Lake Mariut, Alexandria, Egypt. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2001; 48:268-274. [PMID: 11222036 DOI: 10.1006/eesa.2000.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Water bugs, Lethocerus niloticum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), were collected from polluted and unpolluted areas of Lake Mariut to study ultrastructural alterations of different organs as a response to mainly heavy metal water pollution in the lake. Malpighian tubules are described by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. L. niloticum has four Malpighian tubules floating in the hemolymph. Each tubule opens separately into the hindgut, consisting of one type of epithelium cells, and is divided into four regions. Structural changes in cells of the third distinctive region are examined. The most prominent pathological changes are the occurrence of pleomorphic mitochondria, the presence of enlarged irregular laminated concretions, an increase in lysosomes, and lysis of cytoplasm. Indentations of the nucleus and chromatin clumping are observed. These results allowed determination of the impact of pollutants in Malpighian tubule cells of L. niloticum, and thus this insect can be used as a biomonitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sorour
- Institute of Zoology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hauffe HC, Searle JB, Seely MK. The taxonomic status of two morphotypes of the tenebrionid
Onymacris rugatipennis
: indications from behavioural and genetical studies. J Zool (1987) 1994. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb08583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Hauffe
- Desert Ecological Research Unit, P.O. Box 1592, Swakopmund, 9000, Namibia
| | - J. B. Searle
- Desert Ecological Research Unit, P.O. Box 1592, Swakopmund, 9000, Namibia
| | - M. K. Seely
- Desert Ecological Research Unit, P.O. Box 1592, Swakopmund, 9000, Namibia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garayoa M, Villaro AC, Montuenga L, Sesma P. Malpighian tubules ofFormica polyctena (Hymenoptera): Light and electron microscopic study. J Morphol 1992; 214:159-171. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
9
|
Nicolson S, Isaacson L, Gerneke D. A new method of preparing the basal membrane of renal tubules for patch clamp, using beetle malpighian tubules. Pflugers Arch 1991; 417:654-6. [PMID: 2057328 DOI: 10.1007/bf00372966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Access to the basal membrane of beetle Malpighian tubules (Onymacris rugatipennis) was achieved by a new method of stripping tubules of the surrounding connective tissue and basement membrane, in a simple squeezing process. We recorded single channel currents in the cell-attached configuration from basal K+ channels. The peeling method described in this paper allows quick and easy preparation of Malpighian tubules for patch clamp studies on the basal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Nicolson
- Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | | |
Collapse
|