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Díaz Á, Sagasti C, Casaravilla C. Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections. Parasite Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Díaz
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - C. Sagasti
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
| | - C. Casaravilla
- Área/Cátedra de Inmunología; Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) e Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias); Universidad de la República; Montevideo Uruguay
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The growth and antigenicity of the metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps in several different strains of rats. J Helminthol 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00026870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe metacestodes of Taenia crassiceps removed from a stock infection of Sprague Dawley rats were injected into seven inbred and one outbred strain of rats. The results showed that over-all female rats are more susceptible to the infection than male rats. Only one strain of rat, the Lewis male rats, was found to be resistant to the infection. There was no significant difference in the volume of metacestodes recovered from the male and female rats. The sizes of the metacestodes, after two passages through the rats, were compared to those of the original mouse strain and it was found that metacestodes from two strains of rats were significantly smaller. The antigenic expression of the metacestodes from the different strains of rats was compared and some variation in the antigenicity was observed.
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Ultrastructural studies on the cellular response of fish hosts following experimental infection with the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea). Parasitology 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000052483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYWith the exception of gudgeon (Gobio gobio) infection of cyprinid fish with the plerocercoid of Ligula intestinalis is associated with a host-tissue response. The nature and specificity of this response has been investigated using transplantation techniques. In roach there is an intense cellular response to implanted Sepharose, Spurr's resin and L. intestinalis, irrespective of donor host species. However, tegument damage only occurs in gudgeon-Ligula and cultured ro&ch-Ligula which has been exposed to gudgeon-plasma. L1 and L2 cell types predominate within the cellular response. Once the host leucocytes have breached the tegument, they migrate over the basal lamina and penetrate into the sub-tegumental region. In gudgeon an intense cellular attack occurs against Sepharose, Spurr's resin, ro&ch-Ligula and cultured gudgeon-Ligula which had been implanted directly or exposed to roach plasma. Tegument damage only occurs in the latter. In contrast, neither direct implantation of gudgeon-Ligula nor cultured roach-Ligula which has been exposed to gudgeon plasma evokes a cellular response. It is suggested that in these two instances, as in natural infections of gudgeon, protective host proteins may be absorbed onto the surface of the parasite.
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Peng SY, Chu TH, Wang IC, Chung WC, Yu KW, Tsaihong JC, Huang JC, Fan PC. Infection of normal C3H/HeN mice with Taenia saginata asiatica oncospheres. Res Vet Sci 2009; 86:261-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Everhart ME, Kuhn RE, Zelmer DA. INFRAPOPULATION DYNAMICS OF A WILD STRAIN OF TAENIA CRASSICEPS (WFU) (CESTODA: TAENIIDAE) IN BALB/cJ MICE. J Parasitol 2004; 90:79-84. [PMID: 15040670 DOI: 10.1645/ge-3255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Taenia crassiceps cysticerci form large infrapopulations that persist in the tissues of their rodent hosts. Early infrapopulation growth appears inhibited and is followed by rapid increases that appear not to be controlled by the host immune response. This investigation was undertaken to examine the infrapopulation growth dynamics of a normally developing strain (WFU) of T. crassiceps during a 60-day primary intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection. Three, 6, 9, 14, 28, and 60 days after i.p. inoculation of 5 cysticerci, mice were killed, and the numbers of larvae, developmental stage, and buds per larva were recorded. Larval infrapopulation abundance increased exponentially beginning on day 6 postinoculation (PI), indicating an initial lag in reproduction. A stage-structured exponential growth model, assuming no mortality, fits the larval infrapopulation dynamics in terms of the numbers of larvae in reproductive and nonreproductive stages, indicating that cysticerci evade or suppress (or both) host immune mechanisms that are parasite restrictive after the first week of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Everhart
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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Mooney KA, Spolski RJ, See EJ, Kuhn RE. Immune destruction of larval taenia crassiceps in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2393-401. [PMID: 10768922 PMCID: PMC97437 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.5.2393-2401.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/1999] [Accepted: 01/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune destruction of larval Taenia crassiceps was examined by first injecting BALB/cJ mice subcutaneously with larval buds and 30 to 60 days later challenging the mice with larvae injected into the peritoneal cavity. The larvae injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) secondarily are killed by host cells that completely encase the larvae in a thick sheath. The peritoneal exudate cells and the cytokines they produced were characterized by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). No changes in percentage of CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, B1 cells, or macrophages were detected in the peritoneal cavities of mice that were killing larvae compared to mice with a primary 7-day infection i.p. Both RT-PCR and ELISA demonstrated a decrease in cytokines including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-10 in mice that were killing the larvae compared to control mice infected for 30 to 60 days i.p. alone, although there was little difference compared to mice infected for 7 days i.p. alone. Serum cytokine levels in mice that were killing the larvae showed a decrease in IFN-gamma and IL-4, an increase in IL-10 when compared to mice infected for 30 to 60 days i.p. alone, and increases in all cytokines compared to mice infected for 7 days i.p. alone. Inhibition of nitric oxide production did not significantly affect the number or the viability of larvae in the peritoneal cavity of mice that were killing larvae during secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mooney
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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Andreassen J, Hoole D, Befus D. Complement-mediated leucocyte adherence to newly excysted and 4-day-old Hymenolepis diminuta. Int J Parasitol 1990; 20:905-11. [PMID: 2276865 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90029-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four-day-old and newly excysted H. diminuta were exposed in vitro (37 degrees C; 5% CO2/air atmosphere) to serum and peritoneal cells (1.7-4.4 X 10(5] obtained from rats. Four-day-old worms incubated in serum alone were lysed in titres of less than 16. In assays containing peritoneal cells, leucocytes, predominantly eosinophils and macrophages, adhered to the posterior end of the parasite in serum titre 32, but not in serum titres 64 and 128. In this region of the worms phagocytosis of microtriches by macrophages, microthrix denudation and loss of tegument were noted. Serum-mediated lysis of newly excysted cysticercoids occurred at a serum titre of 64 and leucocyte adherence and phagocytosis of microtriches occurred in serum titres 128 and 256. Attachment of peritoneal cells to worms did not occur in assays containing heat-inactivated serum and it is suggested that regional leucocyte adherence and subsequent parasite damage is complement-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andreassen
- Department of Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Bortoletti G, Gabriele F, Palmas C. Kinetics of mast cells, eosinophils and phospholipase B activity in the spontaneous-cure response of two strains of mice (rapid and slow responder) to the cestode Hymenolepis nana. Parasitol Res 1989; 75:465-9. [PMID: 2755933 DOI: 10.1007/bf00930974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Primary egg-derived infection of Hymenolepis nana (100 eggs) in BALB/c (rapid responder) and C3H (slow responder) mice resulted in increased levels of mucosal mast cells (MMCs), eosinophilia (bone marrow, peripheral, tissue) and phospholipase B activity. The response appeared to be similar in both strains used, with a slight difference in cellular accumulation but a significantly earlier response in BALB/c than in C3H mice. These findings suggest that the prolongation of H. nana infection in C3H mice may be related to the delayed appearance of MMCs and eosinophils, which triggers a slower generation of the intestinal inflammation response. The rapidity with which phospholipase B activity increased was strictly correlated with eosinophil tissue number; this further supports the hypothesis for a direct parallel between eosinophils and phospholipase B activity in infected tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bortoletti
- Istituto di Parassitologia, Università di Cagliari, Italy
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Ambrose NC, Riley J. Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in mouse and rat. Parasitology 1988; 97 ( Pt 1):27-42. [PMID: 3174236 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000066713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of rat and mouse intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense eosinophilia. During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the granulomatous lesion, evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid granulomas associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by fibrosis. External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in rats, large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells (= globule leucocytes) also surround cuticle granulomas, and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. Inflammation slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Ambrose
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland
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Joysey HS. Experimental infection of high and low responder Biozzi mice with Taenia crassiceps (Cestoda). Int J Parasitol 1986; 16:217-21. [PMID: 3744664 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(86)90046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Bortoletti G, Ferretti G. Morphological studies on the early development of Taenia taeniaeformis larvae in susceptible mice. Int J Parasitol 1985; 15:365-75. [PMID: 4030211 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(85)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Riley EM, Dixon JB, Kelly DF, Cox DA. The immune response to Echinococcus granulosus: sequential histological observations of lymphoreticular and connective tissues during early murine infection. J Comp Pathol 1985; 95:93-104. [PMID: 3871799 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(85)90081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the organ weight changes and the early (0 to 56 days) histological and ultrastructural changes in the lymphoid structures and injection sites after subcutaneous infection of Balb/c mice with Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices (psc). Local lymph nodes enlarged markedly, reaching maximal weight 5 to 14 days after infection (pi). Expansion of the thymus-dependent areas of draining lymph nodes was first recognized at 3 days pi and reached a maximum between 14 and 21 days pi. Lymphoproliferation within B-cell-dependent areas was less extensive and of shorter duration. Comparable, but diminished, changes were seen in contralateral lymph nodes and spleen. Lymphoid cell depletion was observed in T-dependent areas of lymphoid organs by 56 days pi. Local inflammatory reactions to psc, at the site of injection, were intense, involving neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages and mast cells. Viable psc were present until at least 6 weeks pi. The central role of the T-lymphocyte in recognition of, and response, to E. granulosus psc is discussed.
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Jeong KH, Lie KJ, Heyneman D. An ultrastructural study on ventricular encapsulation reactions in Biomphalaria glabrata exposed to irradiated echinostome parasites. Int J Parasitol 1984; 14:127-33. [PMID: 6735576 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(84)90039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ligula intestinalis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea): An ultrastructural study on the cellular response of roach fry, Rutilus rutilus. Int J Parasitol 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(83)80041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Richards KS, Arme C, Bridges JF. Echinococcus granulosus equinus: an ultrastructural study of murine tissue response to hydatid cysts. Parasitology 1983; 86 (Pt 3):407-17. [PMID: 6877867 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000050605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal hydatids of Echinococcus granulosus equinus of 9 months standing in BALB/c mice occurred as free cysts or cysts within cyst masses. Both showed wide variation in size and in host tissue response, and all had a well-developed laminated layer separating the host tissue response from the germinal layer. In the smallest cyst-mass cysts the host tissue response was present as remnants of the initial cellular attack involving eosinophils. Slightly larger cyst-mass cysts possessed a primary macrophage invasion which phagocytosed the remnants of the initial attack and also, though to little effect, the laminated layer material. In the largest cyst-mass cysts a second macrophage invasion, of monocyte origin, had commenced and transformation stages of these cells to macrophages were observed. No fibroblasts surrounded individual cyst-mass cysts but they were present around the cyst mass, encapsulating it and possibly preventing further host cell invasion. Thus, the host tissue response around individual cyst-mass cysts remained 'preserved' at an early stage such as existed at the time of encapsulation. Small free cysts showed a primary macrophage invasion and transformation stages of cells of a secondary infiltration of peritoneal origin. Peripheral to the macrophages were fibroblasts demonstrating limited fibrinogenesis, and each cyst was surrounded by a layer of mesothelial cells. Large free cysts, also delimited by a mesothelial layer, possessed peripheral connective tissue, a deep fibrous layer and a monolayer of very compressed macrophages lying adjacent to the laminated layer. It is emphasized that an understanding of the host tissue response in cysts of different sizes and from different locations is an essential pre-requisite for the design of experimental studies.
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Rickard MD, Williams JF. Hydatidosis/cysticercosis: immune mechanisms and immunization against infection. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 1982; 21:229-96. [PMID: 6187188 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Furukawa T, Niwa A, Miyazato T. Ultrastructural aspects of immune damage to Hymenolepis nana oncospheres in mice. Int J Parasitol 1981; 11:287-300. [PMID: 7287295 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(81)90039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Siebert AE, Blitz RR, Morita CT, Good AH. Taenia crassiceps: serum and surface immunoglobulins in metacestode infections of mice. Exp Parasitol 1981; 51:418-30. [PMID: 7227489 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(81)90129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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McLaren DJ. Ultrastructural studies of eosinophils and their interaction with parasites. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(80)90270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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