1
|
Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38924546 DOI: 10.1111/all.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis and hospitalisation. We have previously shown in a murine model that ongoing infection with the gut helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus protects against RSV infection through type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent reduction of viral load. Yet, the cellular basis for this protection has remained elusive. Given that recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the lung is critical for early RSV infection control, we assessed their role in this coinfection model. METHODS Mice were infected by oral gavage with H. polygyrus. Myeloid immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry in lung, blood and bone marrow throughout infection and after secondary infection with RSV. Monocyte numbers were depleted by anti-CCR2 antibody or increased by intravenous transfer of enriched monocytes. RESULTS H. polygyrus infection induces bone marrow monopoiesis, increasing circulatory monocytes and lung mononuclear phagocytes in a IFN-I signalling dependent manner. This expansion causes enhanced lung mononuclear phagocyte counts early in RSV infection that may contribute to the reduction of RSV load. Depletion or supplementation of circulatory monocytes prior to RSV infection confirms that these are both necessary and sufficient for helminth induced antiviral protection. CONCLUSIONS H. polygyrus infection induces systemic monocytosis contributing to elevated mononuclear phagocyte numbers in the lung. These cells are central to an anti-viral effect that reduces the peak viral load in RSV infection. Treatments to promote or modulate these cells may provide novel paths to control RSV infection in high risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Burgess
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr Janas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karla Berry
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Mayr
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
McFarlane AJ, McSorley HJ, Davidson DJ, Fitch PM, Errington C, Mackenzie KJ, Gollwitzer ES, Johnston CJC, MacDonald AS, Edwards MR, Harris NL, Marsland BJ, Maizels RM, Schwarze J. Enteric helminth-induced type I interferon signaling protects against pulmonary virus infection through interaction with the microbiota. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 140:1068-1078.e6. [PMID: 28196762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helminth parasites have been reported to have beneficial immunomodulatory effects in patients with allergic and autoimmune conditions and detrimental consequences in patients with tuberculosis and some viral infections. Their role in coinfection with respiratory viruses is not clear. OBJECTIVE Here we investigated the effects of strictly enteric helminth infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a mouse model. METHODS A murine helminth/RSV coinfection model was developed. Mice were infected by means of oral gavage with 200 stage 3 H polygyrus larvae. Ten days later, mice were infected intranasally with either RSV or UV-inactivated RSV. RESULTS H polygyrus-infected mice showed significantly less disease and pulmonary inflammation after RSV infection associated with reduced viral load. Adaptive immune responses, including TH2 responses, were not essential because protection against RSV was maintained in Rag1-/- and Il4rα-/- mice. Importantly, H polygyrus infection upregulated expression of type I interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in both the duodenum and lung, and its protective effects were lost in both Ifnar1-/- and germ-free mice, revealing essential roles for type I interferon signaling and microbiota in H polygyrus-induced protection against RSV. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that a strictly enteric helminth infection can have remote protective antiviral effects in the lung through induction of a microbiota-dependent type I interferon response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J McFarlane
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Davidson
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Fitch
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Errington
- National Health Service Lothian, Simpson Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Mackenzie
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eva S Gollwitzer
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris J C Johnston
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma and Centre for Respiratory Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique, Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- MRC-Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morley NJ. The effects of radioactive pollution on the dynamics of infectious diseases in wildlife. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2012; 106:81-97. [PMID: 22265006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between infectious diseases and chemical pollution are well known and recognised as important factors in regulating the way wild animals respond to contaminant exposure. However, the impact of ionising radiation and radionuclides has often been overlooked when assessing host-pathogen interactions in polluted habitats, despite often occurring together with chemical contamination. Nevertheless, a comprehensive body of literature exists from laboratory and field studies on host-pathogen relationships under radiation exposure, and with a renewed interest in radioecology developing; an evaluation of infectious disease dynamics under these conditions would be timely. The present study assesses the impact of external ionising radiation and radionuclides on animal hosts and pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoans, helminths, arthropods) in laboratory studies and collates the data from field studies, including the large number of investigations undertaken after the Chernobyl accident. It is apparent that radiation exposure has substantial effects on host-pathogen relationships. Although damage to the host immune system is a major factor other variables, such as damage to host tissue barriers and inhibition of pathogen viability are also important in affecting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic diseases. Field studies indicate that the occurrence of host-pathogen associations in radioactively contaminated sites is complex with a variety of biotic and abiotic factors influencing both pathogen and host(s), resulting in changes to the dynamics of infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N J Morley
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seo M, Kho BM, Guk SM, Lee SH, Chai JY. Radioresistance of Anisakis simplex Third-Stage Larvae and the Possible Role of Superoxide Dismutase. J Parasitol 2006; 92:416-8. [PMID: 16729710 DOI: 10.1645/ge-610r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioresistance of Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae and the possible role of sublethal radiation on superoxide dismutase (SOD) were investigated. Larvae were isolated from the viscera of the sea eel Anago anago; irradiated with 10, 100, 200, 500, or 1,000 Gy; and then given orally to rats. Worms were recovered at 16 hr postinoculation. Most larvae were found to have invaded the gastric wall, omentum, and abdominal cavity, suggesting that their viability and infectivity were not controlled by irradiation with the doses used. To determine the relationship between SOD activities in parasites and their radiosensitivities, the larvae of A. simplex and the metacercariae of Neodiplostomum seoulense (a radiosensitive control) were irradiated with 0, 30, 100, or 500 Gy, and parasite SOD levels were measured. In nonirradiated A. simplex larvae, the average SOD level was 38.9 U/mg, and this increased to 51.3 U/mg at 500 Gy. However, at all radiation doses applied, SOD activities of N. seoulense metacercariae were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of A. simplex larvae. Our results demonstrate that A. simplex third-stage larvae are radioresistant, and suggest that SOD plays a role in this radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Seo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Chonan 330-714, Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pleass RJ, Bianco AE. Irradiated larval vaccination and antibody responses evaluated in relation to the expression of immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Parasitol Res 1996; 82:445-53. [PMID: 8738285 DOI: 10.1007/s004360050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Infections induced in NIH mice by irradiated (300 Gy) larvae of Heligmosomoides polygyrus effectively stimulated immunity to challenge, whereas unirradiated larvae did not. Importantly, this difference was lost by the elimination of the adult worms arising from unirradiated sensitising infections by drug treatment prior to challenge. No difference in the level of parasite-specific serum and mucosal IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, or IgA was detected between immune mice sensitised either with drug-abbreviated unirradiated or irradiated larval infections and non-immune mice receiving two superimposed unirradiated infections. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting data suggested that parasite-specific IgG1 was the predominant antibody class in both serum and intestinal perfusates. IgA exhibited differences in antigen specificity between the serum and the intestine. In serum, IgA responses were directed predominantly to L4 somatic antigens, whereas at the mucosal surface they were biased towards L4 excretory/secretory (ES) antigens. No correlation was found between the intensity of the serum or mucosal antibody responses and the mean worm burdens in groups of immune or non-immune mice. Moreover, no correlation was found between levels of parasite-specific serum or mucosal IgG, IgG1, IgG2a or IgA and the loss of worms in individual mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Pleass
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland.
| | | |
Collapse
|