1
|
Pinto AI, Caldas C, Santarém N, Luelmo S, Costa I, Martins C, Monteiro R, Conde S, Tavares R, da Silva AC. Leishmania and HIV co-infection: first naturally Leishmania strain presenting decreased susceptibility to miltefosine, recovered from a patient in Portugal. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:810-818. [PMID: 38522155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, up to 70% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases occurring in adults living with HIV. People living with HIV with VL co-infection often display persistent parasitemia, requiring chronic intermittent anti-Leishmania therapies. Consequently, frequent VL relapses and higher mortality rates are common in these individuals. As such, it is of paramount importance to understand the reasons for parasite persistence to improve infection management. METHODS To outline possible causes for treatment failure in the context of HIV-VL, we followed a person living with HIV-VL co-infection for nine years in a 12-month period. We characterized: HIV-related clinicopathological alterations (CD4+ T counts and viremia) and Leishmania-specific seroreactivity, parasitemia, quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon stimulation and studied a Leishmania clinical isolate recovered during this period. RESULTS The subject presented controlled viremia and low CD4+ counts. The subject remained PCR positive for Leishmania and also seropositive. The cellular response to parasite antigens was erratic. The isolate was identified as the first Leishmania infantum case with evidence of decreased miltefosine susceptibility in Portugal. CONCLUSION Treatment failure is a multifactorial process driven by host and parasite determinants. Still, the real-time determination of drug susceptibility profiles in clinical isolates is an unexplored resource in the monitoring of VL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Pinto
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Cátia Caldas
- Infectious Disease Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Santarém
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Sara Luelmo
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Inês Costa
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Monteiro
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Conde
- Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, 2674-514 Loures, Portugal
| | - Anabela Cordeiro da Silva
- Host-Parasite Interaction Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, i3S, 4200-135 Oporto, Portugal; Microbiology Department, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Oporto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cummings JF, Polhemus ME, Kester KE, Ockenhouse CF, Gasser RA, Coyne P, Wortmann G, Nielsen RK, Schaecher K, Holland CA, Krzych U, Tornieporth N, Soisson LA, Angov E, Heppner DG. A phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, safety, immunogenicity and efficacy trial of Plasmodium falciparum vaccine antigens merozoite surface protein 1 and RTS,S formulated with AS02 adjuvant in healthy, malaria-naïve adults. Vaccine 2024; 42:3066-3074. [PMID: 38584058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS02, we conducted a study in 2001 in healthy, malaria-naïve adults administered RTS,S/AS02 in combination with FMP1, a recombinant merozoite surface-protein-1, C-terminal 42kD fragment. METHODS A double-blind Phase I/IIa study randomized N = 60 subjects 1:1:1:1 to one of four groups, N = 15/group, to evaluate safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of intra-deltoid half-doses of RTS,S/AS02 and FMP1/AS02 administered in the contralateral (RTS,S + FMP1-separate) or same (RTS,S + FMP1-same) sites, or FMP1/AS02 alone (FMP1-alone), or RTS,S/AS02 alone (RTS,S-alone) on a 0-, 1-, 3-month schedule. Subjects receiving three doses of vaccine and non-immunized controls (N = 11) were infected with homologous P. falciparum 3D7 sporozoites by Controlled Human Malaria Infection (CHMI). RESULTS Subjects in all vaccination groups experienced mostly mild or moderate local and general adverse events that resolved within eight days. Anti-circumsporozoite antibody levels were lower when FMP1 and RTS,S were co-administered at the same site (35.0 µg/mL: 95 % CI 20.3-63), versus separate arms (57.4 µg/mL: 95 % CI 32.3-102) or RTS,S alone (62.0 µg/mL: 95 % CI: 37.8-101.8). RTS,S-specific lymphoproliferative responses and ex vivo ELISpot CSP-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses were indistinguishable among groups receiving RTS,S/AS02. There was no difference in antibody to FMP1 among groups receiving FMP1/AS02. After CHMI, groups immunized with a RTS,S-containing regimen had ∼ 30 % sterile protection against parasitemia, and equivalent delays in time-to-parasitemia. The FMP1/AS02 alone group showed no sterile immunity or delay in parasitemia. CONCLUSION Co-administration of RTS,S and FMP1/AS02 reduced anti-RTS,S antibody, but did not affect tolerability, cellular immunity, or efficacy in a stringent CHMI model. Absence of efficacy or delay of patency in the sporozoite challenge model in the FMP1/AS02 group did not rule out efficacy of FMP1/AS02 in an endemic population. However, a Phase IIb trial of FMP1/AS02 in children in malaria-endemic Kenya did not demonstrate efficacy against natural infection. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifier: NCT01556945.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Cummings
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - M E Polhemus
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - K E Kester
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - C F Ockenhouse
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - R A Gasser
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - P Coyne
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - G Wortmann
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - R K Nielsen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - K Schaecher
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - C A Holland
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - U Krzych
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - L A Soisson
- Malaria Vaccine Development Program, United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - E Angov
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - D G Heppner
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tesfaye Z, Derso A, Zeleke AJ, Addisu A, Woldu B, Deress T, Mekonnen GG, Tegegne Y. Exploring coagulation parameters as predictive biomarkers of Plasmodium infection: A comprehensive analysis of coagulation parameters. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301963. [PMID: 38626035 PMCID: PMC11020526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria affects the intravascular environment, leading to abnormal coagulation activation, prolonged prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Despite the high prevalence of malaria in the study area, there has been little published research on the effects of Plasmodium infection on coagulation parameters. OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess the effect of malaria on basic coagulation parameters among patients attending Dembia Primary Hospital and Makisegnit Health Center. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2020. The study involved 120 participants. Blood specimens were collected, which were analyzed using a Huma Clot Due Plus analyzer. The collected data were entered into EpiData and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. Non-parametric statistical methods were employed to analyze the data. The results were considered statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. RESULTS Individuals infected with Plasmodium exhibit coagulation disorders with elevated levels of PT (Prothrombin Time), APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time), and INR (International Normalization Ratio) in comparison to healthy controls. The median PT, APTT, and INR values for infected cases were measured at 20.5 [8.6], 39.5 [17.9], and 1.8 [0.9], respectively, while healthy controls had measurements of 15.1 [2.5], 28.8 [8.3], and 1.3 [0.2] (p ≤ 0.001). The severity of coagulation disorders increased with an increase in parasitemia levels. The type of Plasmodium species present had a significant impact on PT and INR values (p ≤ 0.001), whereas APTT did not show any significant impact across the Plasmodium species (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study found that malaria has a substantial impact on various blood clotting parameters, including PT, APTT, and INR. Parasitemia severity is significantly associated with extended PT and INR, implying that the higher the parasitemia, the longer it takes for blood to clot. Furthermore, the study discovered that the PT and INR levels differed based on the type of Plasmodium species responsible for the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Tesfaye
- Bichina Primary Hospital, Amhara Regional State Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Derso
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Addisu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Haematology and Immunohaematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Teshiwal Deress
- Department of Quality Assurance and Laboratory Management, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebeyaw Getnet Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yalewayker Tegegne
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arce-Fonseca M, Mata-Espinosa D, Aranda-Fraustro A, Rosales-Encina JL, Flores-Valdez MA, Rodríguez-Morales O. Mycobacterium bovis BCG as immunostimulating agent prevents the severe form of chronic experimental Chagas disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380049. [PMID: 38576607 PMCID: PMC10991741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is currently no vaccine against Chagas disease (ChD), and the medications available confer multiple side effects. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) produces balanced Th1, Th2, and Th17 modulatory immune responses and has improved efficacy in controlling chronic infections through nonspecific immunity. We aimed to improve the response to infection by inducing a stronger immune response and greater protection against the parasite by trained immunity. Methods BALB/c mice were immunized with BCG subcutaneously, and 60 days later, they were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi intraperitoneally. An evaluation of the progression of the disease from the acute to the chronic stage, analyzing various aspects such as parasitemia, survival, clinical status, and humoral and cellular immune response, as well as the appearance of visceral megas and the histopathological description of target organs, was performed. Results Vaccination reduced parasitemia by 70%, and 100% survival was achieved in the acute stage; although the presentation of clinical signs was reduced, there was no increase in the antibody titer or in the differential production of the isotypes. Conclusion Serum cytokine production indicated a proinflammatory response in infected animals, while in those who received BCG, the response was balanced by inducing Th1/Th2-type cytokines, with a better prognosis of the disease in the chronic stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minerva Arce-Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Aranda-Fraustro
- Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Rosales-Encina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Alberto Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A. C., Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Olivia Rodríguez-Morales
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Proteomics, Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Céspedes N, Donnelly EL, Hansten G, Fellows AM, Dobson M, Kaylor HL, Coles TA, Schauer J, Van de Water J, Luckhart S. Mast cell-derived IL-10 protects intestinal barrier integrity during malaria in mice and regulates parasite transmission to Anopheles stephensi with a female-biased immune response. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0036023. [PMID: 38299826 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00360-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria is strongly predisposed to bacteremia, which is associated with increased gastrointestinal permeability and a poor clinical prognosis. We previously identified mast cells (MCs) as mediators of intestinal permeability in malaria and described multiple cytokines that rise with parasitemia, including interleukin (IL)-10, which could protect the host from an inflammatory response and alter parasite transmission to Anopheles mosquitoes. Here, we used the Cre-loxP system and non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii yoelii 17XNL to study the roles of MC-derived IL-10 in malaria immunity and transmission. Our data suggest a sex-biased and local inflammatory response mediated by MC-derived IL-10, supported by early increased number and activation of MCs in females relative to males. Increased parasitemia in female MC IL-10 (-) mice was associated with increased ileal levels of chemokines and plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO). We also observed increased intestinal permeability in female and male MC IL-10 (-) mice relative to MC IL-10 (+) mice but no differences in blood bacterial 16S DNA levels. Transmission success of P. yoelii to A. stephensi was higher in female relative to male mice and from female and male MC IL-10 (-) mice relative to MC IL-10 (+) mice. These patterns were associated with increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female MC IL-10 (-) mice and increased plasma levels of chemokines and markers of neutrophil activation in male MC IL-10 (-) mice. Overall, these data suggest that MC-derived IL-10 protects intestinal barrier integrity, regulates parasite transmission, and controls local and systemic host immune responses during malaria, with a female bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Céspedes
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Erinn L Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Gretchen Hansten
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Abigail M Fellows
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Megan Dobson
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Hannah L Kaylor
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Taylor A Coles
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Joseph Schauer
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Judy Van de Water
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Torres V, Contreras V, Gutiérrez B, San Francisco J, Catalán A, Vega JL, Moon KM, Foster LJ, de Almeida RF, Kalergis AM, González J. Oral infectivity through carnivorism in murine model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1297099. [PMID: 38495650 PMCID: PMC10941204 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1297099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oral transmission of T. cruzi is probably the most frequent transmission mechanism in wild animals. This observation led to the hypothesis that consuming raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with T. cruzi may be responsible for transmitting the infection. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to investigate host-pathogen interactions between the parasite and gastric mucosa and the role of meat consumption from infected animals in the oral transmission of T. cruzi. Methods Cell infectivity assays were performed on AGS cells in the presence or absence of mucin, and the roles of pepsin and acidic pH were determined. Moreover, groups of five female Balb/c mice were fed with muscle tissue obtained from mice in the acute phase of infection by the clone H510 C8C3hvir of T. cruzi, and the infection of the fed mice was monitored by a parasitemia curve. Similarly, we assessed the infective capacity of T. cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes by infecting groups of five mice Balb/c females, which were infected orally using a nasogastric probe, and the infection was monitored by a parasitemia curve. Finally, different trypomastigote and amastigote inoculums were used to determine their infective capacities. Adhesion assays of T. cruzi proteins to AGS stomach cells were performed, and the adhered proteins were detected by western blotting using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies and by LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. Results Trypomastigote migration in the presence of mucin was reduced by approximately 30%, whereas in the presence of mucin and pepsin at pH 3.5, only a small proportion of parasites were able to migrate (∼6%). Similarly, the ability of TCTs to infect AGS cells in the presence of mucin is reduced by approximately 20%. In all cases, 60-100% of the animals were fed meat from mice infected in the acute phase or infected with trypomastigotes or amastigotes developed high parasitemia, and 80% died around day 40 post-infection. The adhesion assay showed that cruzipain is a molecule of trypomastigotes and amastigotes that binds to AGS cells. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis, also confirmed that transialidase, cysteine proteinases, and gp63 may be involved in TCTs attachment or invasion of human stomach cells because they can potentially interact with different proteins in the human stomach mucosa. In addition, several human gastric mucins have cysteine protease cleavage sites. Discussion Then, under our experimental conditions, consuming meat from infected animals in the acute phase allows the T. cruzi infection. Similarly, trypomastigotes and amastigotes could infect mice when administered orally, whereas cysteinyl proteinases and trans-sialidase appear to be relevant molecules in this infective process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Torres
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | | | - Bessy Gutiérrez
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Juan San Francisco
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alejandro Catalán
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - José Luis Vega
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rafael F. de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos (Labtryp), Instituto Carlos Chagas Fiocruz (ICC-Fiocruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center in Immunology and Biomedical Biotechnology of Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Heller LM, Bastos TDSA, Zapa DMB, de Morais IML, Salvador VF, Leal LLLL, Couto LFM, Neves LC, de Freitas Paula WV, Ferreira LL, de Barros ATM, Cançado PHD, Machado RZ, Soares VE, Cadioli FA, da Silva Krawczak F, Zanetti Lopes WD. Evaluation of mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans in a region without a cyclic vector. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:96. [PMID: 38224369 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the mechanical transmission of Trypanosoma vivax by Stomoxys calcitrans to cattle in a region without a cyclic vector. The study involved two experiments, one with calves experimentally infected with T. vivax, in the acute phase of trypanosomosis (Experiment 1) and the other in the chronic phase (Experiment 2). In both experiments, two transmission methods were used with flies that had not fed for 24 h or had never fed: (i) Method 1: flies released freely in cattle pens (≈3,300 flies/pen for 10 days); and (ii) Method 2: flies placed in a feeding chamber (12 flies/animal). To develop Method 1 in the two experiments (acute and chronic phases), T. vivax-positive animals were kept with T. vivax-negative animals. Periodically, the Brener method, Woo method, blood smears, cPCR, ELISA, IFAT, and Imunoteste® were performed to detect T. vivax in the animals. We also recorded the animals' head tossing and hoof stomping and the number of flies near the pens' inner walls. Subsequently, biological testing was performed using lambs. For Method 2 in both experiments, flies inside the feeding chamber first fed on T. vivax-positive animals and later on negative animals. In both experiments and methods, we examined the flies for the presence of T. vivax through blood smears and cPCR of the proboscis and abdomen. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), a test was conducted to determine how long trypomastigotes forms could survive on the blood of animals with different levels of parasitemia. None of the animals (calves and lambs) became infected with T. vivax or showed antibodies against it. During the evaluation period, the animals in the presence of the flies exhibited more hoof stomping and head tossing compared to those without flies (control). Additionally, there was an increase in the number of flies in the pens during the experiment. Only in Experiment 1 (acute phase) were T. vivax trypomastigotes and DNA found in the abdomen of the flies but not in the proboscis. In Experiment 2 (chronic phase), higher concentrations of trypomastigotes per milliliter of blood were associated with a shorter the lifespan of this stage of the parasite. In conclusion, under the variable conditions of the experiments (hosts, number of flies, and level of parasitemia), S. calcitrans was unable to mechanically transmit T. vivax to cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Maffini Heller
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago de Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Faculdade Anhanguera, Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Dina María Beltrán Zapa
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor Maciel Lopes de Morais
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ferreira Salvador
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luccas Lourenzzo Lima Lins Leal
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fellipe Monteiro Couto
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucianne Cardoso Neves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Warley Vieira de Freitas Paula
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiano Antonio Cadioli
- Departamento de Clínica, Cirurgia E Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe da Silva Krawczak
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biociências E Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical E Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramos-Rincon JM, Torrús-Tendero D, García-Morante H, Gimeno-Gascón A, Marco F, Gil-Anguita C, Wikman-Jorgensen P, Lucas-Dato A, Rodriguez-Diaz JC, Amador C, Llenas-García J. Cytokine profile levels and their relationship with parasitemia and cardiomyopathy in people with Chagas disease in Spain. A prospective observational study. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:66. [PMID: 38133693 PMCID: PMC10746755 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Immunoregulatory networks may have a role in controlling parasitemia in the chronic phase of human Chagas disease. The aim was to describe the serum cytokine profile of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronically infected patients and to evaluate its relationship with parasitemia and Chagas cardiomyopathy.This prospective observational study included adult patients with chronic Chagas disease. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and peripheral blood samples were used to perform T. cruzi real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and determine the serum cytokine profile.Fifty-eight patients were included; 17 (29.3%) had positive RT-PCR results. This group had a higher median concentration of TNF-α (p = 0.003), IL-6 (p = 0.021), IL-4 (p = 0.031), IL-1β (p = 0.036), and IL-17A (p = 0.043) than those with a negative RT-PCR. Patients with cardiac involvement had a higher median concentration of IL-5 (p = 0.016) than those without.These results reinforce the key role that cytokines play in Chagas disease patients with parasitemia and cardiac involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose-Manuel Ramos-Rincon
- Internal Medicine Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Pintor Baeza 12, 03010, Alicante, Spain.
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Diego Torrús-Tendero
- Reference Unit of Imported Diseases and International Health & Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Parasitology Area, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Hilarion García-Morante
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Adelina Gimeno-Gascón
- Clinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Parasitology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
- Clinical and Molecular Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco
- Immunology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Philip Wikman-Jorgensen
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, General University Hospital of Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Lucas-Dato
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Rodriguez-Diaz
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis General University Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Concepción Amador
- Internal Medicine Department, Marina Baixa Hospital, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jara Llenas-García
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, Vega Baja Hospital, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencia Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sunderraj A, Cunha LM, Avila M, Alexandria S, Ferreira AM, de Oliveira-da Silva LC, Ribeiro ALP, Nunes MDCP, Sabino EC, Landay A, Kalil J, Chevillard C, Cunha-Neto E, Feinstein MJ. Parasite DNA and Markers of Decreased Immune Activation Associate Prospectively with Cardiac Functional Decline over 10 Years among Trypanosoma cruzi Seropositive Individuals in Brazil. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:44. [PMID: 38203212 PMCID: PMC10779141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitemia and inflammatory markers are cross-sectionally associated with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) among patients with Trypanosoma cruzi. However, the prospective association of the parasite load and host immune response-related characteristics with CCC (that is, progressors) among T. cruzi seropositive individuals has only been partially defined. In a cohort of T. cruzi seropositive patients in Montes Claros and São Paulo, Brazil who were followed over 10 years, we identified the association of a baseline T. cruzi parasite load and systemic markers of inflammation with a decline in cardiac function and/or the presence of cardiac congestion 10 years later. The progressors (n = 21) were individuals with a significant decline in the left ventricular ejection fraction and/or elevated markers of cardiac congestion after 10 years. The controls (n = 31) had normal markers of cardiac function and congestion at the baseline and at the follow-up. They were matched with the progressors on age, sex, and genetic ancestry. The progressors had higher mean parasite loads at the baseline than the controls (18.3 vs. 0.605 DNA parasite equivalents/20 mL, p < 0.05). Of the 384 inflammation-related proteins analyzed, 47 differed significantly at a false discovery rate- (FDR-) corrected p < 0.05 between the groups. There were 44 of these 47 proteins that were significantly higher in the controls compared to in the progressors, including the immune activation markers CCL21, CXCL12, and HCLS1 and several of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of proteins. Among the individuals who were seropositive for T. cruzi at the baseline and who were followed over 10 years, those with incident CCC at the 10-year marker had a comparatively higher baseline of T. cruzi parasitemia and lower baseline markers of immune activation and chemotaxis. These findings generate the hypothesis that the early impairment of pathogen-killing immune responses predisposes individuals to CCC, which merits further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Sunderraj
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Luisa Marin Cunha
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos, UNILUS, Santos 11045-101, Brazil
| | - Matheus Avila
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos, UNILUS, Santos 11045-101, Brazil
| | - Shaina Alexandria
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Ariela Mota Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros 39401-089, Brazil;
| | | | - Antonio L. P. Ribeiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.L.P.R.); (M.d.C.P.N.)
| | - Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.L.P.R.); (M.d.C.P.N.)
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (L.C.d.O.-d.S.)
| | - Alan Landay
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Christophe Chevillard
- Institut MarMaRa, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Aix Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute Instituto do Coração (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil;
| | - Matthew J. Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Oliveira RS, Moll-Bernardes R, de Brito AX, Pinheiro MVT, de Almeida SA, da Silva Gomes NL, de Oliveira Terzi FV, Moreira OC, Xavier SS, Rosado-de-Castro PH, de Sousa AS. Use of PET/CT to detect myocardial inflammation and the risk of malignant arrhythmia in chronic Chagas disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2702-2711. [PMID: 37605061 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas heart disease (CHD) is characterized by progressive myocardial inflammation associated with myocardial fibrosis and segmental abnormalities that may lead to malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. This arrhythmia might be related to the persistence of parasitemia or inflammation in the myocardium in late-stage CHD. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been used to detect myocardial inflammation in non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, such as sarcoidosis, and might be useful for risk prediction in patients with CHD. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four outpatients with chronic CHD were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study between May 2019 and March 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: those with sustained ventricular tachycardia and/or aborted sudden cardiac death who required implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and those with the same stages of CHD and no complex ventricular arrhythmia. Patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT, and blood samples were collected for qualitative parasite assessment by polymerase chain reaction. Although similar proportions of patients with and without complex ventricular arrhythmia showed 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake, 68Ga-DOTATOC corrected SUVmax was higher in patients with complex arrhythmia (3.4 vs 1.7; P = .046), suggesting that inflammation could be associated with the presence of malignant arrhythmia in the late stages of CHD. We also detected Trypanosoma cruzi in both groups, with a nonsignificant trend of increased parasitemia in the group with malignant arrhythmia (66.7% vs 33.3%). CONCLUSION 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake on PET/CT may be useful for the detection of myocardial inflammation in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy, and 68Ga-DOTATOC uptake may be associated with the presence of malignant arrhythmia, with potential therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée Sarmento de Oliveira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Rio de Janeiro Federal State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Salles Xavier
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Andréa Silvestre de Sousa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Corral-Ruiz GM, Pérez-Vega MJ, Galán-Salinas A, Mancilla-Herrera I, Barrios-Payán J, Fabila-Castillo L, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-Torres LE. Thymic atrophy induced by Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection. Immunol Lett 2023; 264:4-16. [PMID: 37875239 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is the anatomical site where T cells undergo a complex process of differentiation, proliferation, selection, and elimination of autorreactive cells which involves molecular signals in different intrathymic environment. However, the immunological functions of the thymus can be compromised upon exposure to different infections, affecting thymocyte populations. In this work, we investigated the impact of malaria parasites on the thymus by using C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA and Plasmodium yoelii 17XL; these lethal infection models represent the most severe complications, cerebral malaria, and anemia respectively. Data showed a reduction in the thymic weight and cellularity involving different T cell maturation stages, mainly CD4-CD8- and CD4+CD8+ thymocytes, as well as an increased presence of apoptotic cells, leading to significant thymic cortex reduction. Thymus atrophy showed no association with elevated serum cytokines levels, although increased glucocorticoid levels did. The severity of thymic damage in both models reached the same extend although it occurs at different stages of infection, showing that thymic atrophy does not depend on parasitemia level but on the specific host-parasite interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Corral-Ruiz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M J Pérez-Vega
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - A Galán-Salinas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I Mancilla-Herrera
- Departamento de Infectología e Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Barrios-Payán
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Fabila-Castillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L E Sánchez-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rostán S, Porto S, Barbosa CLN, Assis D, Alvarez N, Machado FS, Mahler G, Otero L. A novel palladium complex with a coumarin-thiosemicarbazone hybrid ligand inhibits Trypanosoma cruzi release from host cells and lowers the parasitemia in vivo. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:711-723. [PMID: 37768364 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two analogous coumarin-thio and semicarbazone hybrid compounds were prepared and evaluated as a potential antichagasic agents. Furthermore, palladium and platinum complexes with the thiosemicarbazone derivative as ligand (L1) were obtained in order to establish the effect of metal complexation on the antiparasitic activity. All compounds were fully characterized both in solution and in solid state including the resolution of the crystal structure of the palladium complex by X-ray diffraction methods. Unexpectedly, all experimental and theoretical characterizations in the solid state, demonstrated that the obtained palladium and platinum complexes are structurally different: [PdCl(L1)] and [PtCl2(HL1)]. All the studied compounds lower the proliferation of the amastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi while some of them also have an effect on the trypomastigote stage. Additionally, the compounds inhibit T. cruzi release from host cells in variable extents. The Pd compound presented a remarkable profile in all the in vitro experiments, and it showed no toxicity for mammalian cells in the assayed concentrations. In this sense, in vivo experiments were performed for this compound using an acute model of Chagas disease. Results showed that the complex significantly lowered the parasite count in the mice blood with no significant toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rostán
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Área Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Samuel Porto
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación y Enfermedades Infecciosas (LIDIN), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Cesar L N Barbosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación y Enfermedades Infecciosas (LIDIN), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Diego Assis
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación y Enfermedades Infecciosas (LIDIN), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Natalia Alvarez
- Área Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Simão Machado
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación y Enfermedades Infecciosas (LIDIN), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
| | - Graciela Mahler
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Otero
- Área Química Inorgánica, Departamento Estrella Campos, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bocchi EA, Veiga Guimarães G, Espinoza Romero C, Sato PK, de Freitas VLT, Yamashiro Kanashiro EH, Furuchó CR, Das Dores Cruz F, Shimoda Nakanishi É, Busser FD, Bezerra RC, Westphalen EVN, Cisotto Rocha M, Shikanai Yasuda MA. Assessment of biomarkers and clinical parameters as predictors of survival in patients with chagasic heart failure. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011847. [PMID: 38109427 PMCID: PMC10760923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, endemic in Latin America and spreading globally due to emigration, has a significant health burden, particularly in relation to chagasic heart failure (HF). Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is characterized by chronic inflammatory myocardial disease. This study aimed to identify inflammatory parameters and biomarkers that could aid in the management of patients with chagasic HF. METHODS AND FINDINGS A cohort study was conducted at a tertiary cardiology single-center over a mean follow-up period of 2.4 years. The study included patients with HF secondary to CCM enrolled between October 2013 and July 2017. Various clinical parameters, echocardiography findings, parasitemia status, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponin T (TnT) levels, and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, adiponectin, and IFN-γ) were assessed. The study encompassed a cohort of 103 patients, with a median age of 53 years and 70% being male. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 28%, with 40% of patients classified as NYHA II functional class. The median BNP level was 291 pg/ml. The observed mortality rate during the study period was 38.8%. Predictors of lower survival were identified as elevated levels of BNP, TnT, reduced LVEF, and increased adiponectin (thresholds: BNP > 309 pg/ml, TnT > 27.5 ng/ml, LVEF < 25.5%, adiponectin > 38 μg/mL). Notably, there was no evidence indicating a relationship between parasitemia and the inflammatory parameters with lower survival in these patients, including INF-γ, IL-6, IL-10, IL12-(p70), and IL17a. CONCLUSION Despite the presence of a chronic inflammatory process, the evaluated inflammatory biomarkers in this cohort were not predictive of survival in patients with chagasic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, reduced LVEF, elevated BNP, adiponectin levels, and troponin T were identified as predictors of lower survival in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edimar Alcides Bocchi
- Heart Failure Clinics, Instituto do Coração Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Veiga Guimarães
- Heart Failure Clinics, Instituto do Coração Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristhian Espinoza Romero
- Heart Failure Clinics, Instituto do Coração Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Keiko Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Lúcia Teixeira de Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edite Hatsumi Yamashiro Kanashiro
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Furuchó
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Das Dores Cruz
- Heart Failure Clinics, Instituto do Coração Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Delatorre Busser
- Departament of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita Cristina Bezerra
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Parasitology (LIM-46), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mussya Cisotto Rocha
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Shikanai Yasuda
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Immunology (LIM-48), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departament of Infectious Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jajosky RP. Clarifying the terms parasitemia, parasite density, and parasite count. Transfus Apher Sci 2023; 62:103788. [PMID: 37657948 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2023.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Philip Jajosky
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, New Research Building, Room 630E, Dr. Sean Stowell's Lab, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Biconcavity Inc., Lilburn, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Munsey A, Kinyina A, Assenga M, Almeida A, Kitojo C, Reaves E, Simeo J, Aron S, Chacky F, Nhiga SL, Drake M, Lemwayi R, Lash R, Walker PGT, Gutman JR. Assessing the utility of pregnant women as a sentinel surveillance population for malaria in Geita, Tanzania, 2019 - 2021. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 136:57-63. [PMID: 37567552 PMCID: PMC10870194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Estimates of malaria burden and intervention uptake in Africa are primarily based on household surveys. However, their expense and infrequency limit their utility. We investigated whether data collected during antenatal care (ANC) can provide relevant information for decision-makers. METHODS Malaria test positivity rates and questionnaire data from ANC attendees at 39 health facilities were compared to questionnaire data and positivity rates among children from two cross-sectional surveys in the facilities' corresponding catchment areas. RESULTS Trends in parasitemia among ANC attendees were predictive of trends in parasitemia among children at the council level (mean absolute error 6.0%). Primigravid ANC attendees had the lowest rates of net ownership (modeled odds ratio [OR] 0.28, 95% CI 0.19-0.40) and use (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42-0.79). ANC attendees reported higher levels of care-seeking (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.48-2.14), malaria testing (OR 4.16, 95% CI 3.44-5.04), and treatment for children with fever (OR 7.66, 95% CI 4.89-11.98) compared to women surveyed in households, raising concerns about social desirability bias disproportionately impacting ANC surveys. CONCLUSION ANC surveillance is an effective strategy for tracking trends in malaria burden. More work is required to elucidate the value of administering questionnaires to ANC attendees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Munsey
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Chonge Kitojo
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Erik Reaves
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Lash
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Patrick G T Walker
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Julie R Gutman
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shittu O, Oniya MO, Olusi TA. Circulating platelets and malaria severity: two sides of the same coin among inhabitants of a tropical savannah region, Nigeria. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2503-2511. [PMID: 37658925 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Changes in circulating platelets during different grades of malaria are of major concerns, and its etiology is poorly understood. We appraised and evaluated the role of circulating platelets in the determination of the severity of malaria among a cohort of outpatients living in Ilorin, Nigeria. A hospital-based case-control study of outpatients visiting public health facilities within the locality voluntarily enrolled for this study. Blood samples from 1162 malaise patients were screened using routine microscopy for Plasmodium parasite species identification, and their respective circulating platelet levels were determined. Seven hundred and seventy-five individuals (775, 66.7%, p<0.001) were malaria-positive. Samples from 387 (33.3%) uninfected healthy individuals were used as controls. Individuals with uncomplicated malaria (UCM) and complicated malaria (CM) across age group were notable (p<0.05). Children ≤5 years had the highest number of individuals with CM (103, 45.2%) with a relative risk ratio of 4.005 (95% CI: 2.964-5.413). UCM (471, 40.5%) occurred more than CM (304, 26.2%) (p>0.05) across the groups. The geometric mean, 95% CI, median, and IQR of populations with malaria thrombocytopenia were higher (181, 110.94±2.207, 106.59-115.30, 118.00, and 39.00) than thrombocytosis (78, 624.64±13.131, 598.49-650.79, 623.00, and 208). Seemingly, health controls recorded insignificant morbidity with respect to platelet counts. High P. falciparum parasitemia is inversely correlated with platelet count, and its' morbidity is associated with the manifestation of several malaria pathogenesis. Thrombocytopenia is a silent pathophysiological attribute that can trigger other cofactors during severe malaria disease. Although further studies are pertinent in order to specifically clarify its relevance to clinical disease spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olalere Shittu
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Mobolanle Oladipo Oniya
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Titus Adeniyi Olusi
- Parasitology and Public Health Unit, Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Thind AC, Mota CM, Gonçalves APN, Sha J, Wohlschlegel JA, Mineo TWP, Bradley PJ. The Toxoplasma gondii effector GRA83 modulates the host's innate immune response to regulate parasite infection. mSphere 2023; 8:e0026323. [PMID: 37768053 PMCID: PMC10597413 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00263-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii's propensity to infect its host and cause disease is highly dependent on its ability to modulate host cell functions. One of the strategies the parasite uses to accomplish this is via the export of effector proteins from the secretory dense granules. Dense granule (GRA) proteins are known to play roles in nutrient acquisition, host cell cycle manipulation, and immune regulation. Here, we characterize a novel dense granule protein named GRA83, which localizes to the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) in tachyzoites and bradyzoites. Disruption of GRA83 results in increased virulence, weight loss, and parasitemia during the acute infection, as well as a marked increase in the cyst burden during the chronic infection. This increased parasitemia was associated with an accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in tissues in both acute and chronic infections. Murine macrophages infected with ∆gra83 tachyzoites produced less interleukin-12 (IL-12) in vitro, which was confirmed with reduced IL-12 and interferon-gamma in vivo. This dysregulation of cytokines correlates with reduced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) complex. While GRA15 similarly regulates NF-κB, infection with ∆gra83/∆gra15 parasites did not further reduce p65 translocation to the host cell nucleus, suggesting these GRAs function in converging pathways. We also used proximity labeling experiments to reveal candidate GRA83 interacting T. gondii-derived partners. Taken together, this work reveals a novel effector that stimulates the innate immune response, enabling the host to limit the parasite burden. Importance Toxoplasma gondii poses a significant public health concern as it is recognized as one of the leading foodborne pathogens in the United States. Infection with the parasite can cause congenital defects in neonates, life-threatening complications in immunosuppressed patients, and ocular disease. Specialized secretory organelles, including the dense granules, play an important role in the parasite's ability to efficiently invade and regulate components of the host's infection response machinery to limit parasite clearance and establish an acute infection. Toxoplasma's ability to avoid early clearance, while also successfully infecting the host long enough to establish a persistent chronic infection, is crucial in allowing for its transmission to a new host. While multiple GRAs directly modulate host signaling pathways, they do so in various ways highlighting the parasite's diverse arsenal of effectors that govern infection. Understanding how parasite-derived effectors harness host functions to evade defenses yet ensure a robust infection is important for understanding the complexity of the pathogen's tightly regulated infection. In this study, we characterize a novel secreted protein named GRA83 that stimulates the host cell's response to limit infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amara C. Thind
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Caroline M. Mota
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology “Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo,” Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula N. Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology “Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo,” Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jihui Sha
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - James A. Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tiago W. P. Mineo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology “Dr. Mário Endsfeldz Camargo,” Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Peter J. Bradley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dickey TH, Tolia NH. Designing an effective malaria vaccine targeting Plasmodium vivax Duffy-binding protein. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:850-858. [PMID: 37481347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Malaria caused by the Plasmodium vivax parasite is a major global health burden. Immunity against blood-stage infection reduces parasitemia and disease severity. Duffy-binding protein (DBP) is the primary parasite protein responsible for the invasion of red blood cells and it is a leading subunit vaccine candidate. An effective vaccine, however, is still lacking despite decades of interest in DBP as a vaccine candidate. This review discusses the reasons for targeting DBP, the challenges associated with developing a vaccine, and modern structural vaccinology methods that could be used to create an effective DBP vaccine. Next-generation DBP vaccines have the potential to elicit a broadly protective immune response and provide durable and potent protection from P. vivax malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thayne H Dickey
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Niraj H Tolia
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dash R, Skillman KM, Pereira L, Mascarenhas A, Dass S, Walke J, Almeida A, Fernandes M, Gomes E, White J, Chery-Karschney L, Khandeparkar A, Rathod PK, Duraisingh MT, Kanjee U. Development of a Plasmodium vivax biobank for functional ex vivo assays. Malar J 2023; 22:250. [PMID: 37653486 PMCID: PMC10470152 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax is the second most prevalent cause of malaria yet remains challenging to study due to the lack of a continuous in vitro culture system, highlighting the need to establish a biobank of clinical isolates with multiple freezes per sample for use in functional assays. Different methods for cryopreserving parasite isolates were compared and subsequently the most promising one was validated. Enrichment of early- and late-stage parasites and parasite maturation were quantified to facilitate assay planning. METHODS In order to compare cryopreservation protocols, nine clinical P. vivax isolates were frozen with four glycerolyte-based mixtures. Parasite recovery post thaw, post KCl-Percoll enrichment and in short-term in vitro culture was measured via slide microscopy. Enrichment of late-stage parasites by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) was measured. Short and long-term storage of parasites at either - 80 °C or liquid nitrogen were also compared. RESULTS Of the four cryopreservation mixtures, one mixture (glycerolyte:serum:RBC at a 2.5:1.5:1 ratio) resulted in improved parasite recovery and statistically significant (P < 0.05) enhancement in parasite survival in short-term in vitro culture. A parasite biobank was subsequently generated using this protocol resulting in a collection of 106 clinical isolates, each with 8 vials. The quality of the biobank was validated by measuring several factors from 47 thaws: the average reduction in parasitaemia post-thaw (25.3%); the average fold enrichment post KCl-Percoll (6.65-fold); and the average percent recovery of parasites (22.0%, measured from 30 isolates). During short-term in vitro culture, robust maturation of ring stage parasites to later stages (> 20% trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes) was observed in 60.0% of isolates by 48 h. Enrichment of mature parasite stages via MACS showed good reproducibility, with an average of 30.0% post-MACS parasitaemia and an average of 5.30 × 105 parasites/vial. Finally, the effect of storage temperature was tested, and no large impacts from short-term (7 days) or long-term (7-10 years) storage at - 80 °C on parasite recovery, enrichment or viability was observed. CONCLUSIONS Here, an optimized freezing method for P. vivax clinical isolates is demonstrated as a template for the generation and validation of a parasite biobank for use in functional assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Dash
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kristen M Skillman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ligia Pereira
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anjali Mascarenhas
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sheena Dass
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jayashri Walke
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anvily Almeida
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mezia Fernandes
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Edwin Gomes
- Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, 403202, India
| | - John White
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Laura Chery-Karschney
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - Pradipsinh K Rathod
- Departments of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Usheer Kanjee
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Herbert Mainero A, Spence PJ, Reece SE, Kamiya T. The impact of innate immunity on malaria parasite infection dynamics in rodent models. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171176. [PMID: 37646037 PMCID: PMC10461630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have probed the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control the immune response to malaria. Yet many studies offer conflicting results on the functional impact of innate immunity for controlling parasite replication early in infection. We conduct a meta-analysis to seek consensus on the effect of innate immunity on parasite replication, examining three different species of rodent malaria parasite. Screening published studies that span four decades of research we collate, curate, and statistically analyze infection dynamics in immune-deficient or -augmented mice to identify and quantify general trends and reveal sources of disagreement among studies. Additionally, we estimate whether host factors or experimental methodology shape the impact of immune perturbations on parasite burden. First, we detected meta-analytic mean effect sizes (absolute Cohen's h) for the difference in parasite burden between treatment and control groups ranging from 0.1475 to 0.2321 across parasite species. This range is considered a small effect size and translates to a modest change in parasitaemia of roughly 7-12% on average at the peak of infection. Second, we reveal that variation across studies using P. chabaudi or P. yoelii is best explained by stochasticity (due to small sample sizes) rather than by host factors or experimental design. Third, we find that for P. berghei the impact of immune perturbation is increased when young or female mice are used and is greatest when effector molecules (as opposed to upstream signalling molecules) are disrupted (up to an 18% difference in peak parasitaemia). Finally, we find little evidence of publication bias suggesting that our results are robust. The small effect sizes we observe, across three parasite species, following experimental perturbations of the innate immune system may be explained by redundancy in a complex biological system or by incomplete (or inappropriate) data reporting for meta-analysis. Alternatively, our findings might indicate a need to re-evaluate the efficiency with which innate immunity controls parasite replication early in infection. Testing these hypotheses is necessary to translate understanding from model systems to human malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Herbert Mainero
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Spence
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Reece
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tsukushi Kamiya
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, Paris, France
- HRB, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Buendía-González FO, Cervantes-Candelas LA, Aguilar-Castro J, Fernández-Rivera O, Nolasco-Pérez TDJ, López-Padilla MS, Chavira-Ramírez DR, Cervantes-Sandoval A, Legorreta-Herrera M. DHEA Induces Sex-Associated Differential Patterns in Cytokine and Antibody Levels in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12549. [PMID: 37628731 PMCID: PMC10454633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is the most lethal parasitic disease worldwide; the severity of symptoms and mortality are higher in men than in women, exhibiting an evident sexual dimorphism in the immune response; therefore, the contribution of 17β-estradiol and testosterone to this phenomenon has been studied. Both hormones differentially affect several aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the precursor of both hormones and is the sexual steroid in higher concentrations in humans, with immunomodulatory properties in different parasitic diseases; however, the involvement of DHEA in this sexual dimorphism has not been studied. In the case of malaria, the only information is that higher levels of DHEA are associated with reduced Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia. Therefore, this work aims to analyze the DHEA contribution to the sexual dimorphism of the immune response in malaria. We assessed the effect of modifying the concentration of DHEA on parasitemia, the number of immune cells in the spleen, cytokines, and antibody levels in plasma of CBA/Ca mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (P. berghei ANKA). DHEA differentially affected the immune response in males and females: it decreased IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-4 concentrations only in females, whereas in gonadectomized males, it increased IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies. The results presented here show that DHEA modulates the immune response against Plasmodium differently in each sex, which helps to explain the sexual dimorphism present in malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fidel Orlando Buendía-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Luis Antonio Cervantes-Candelas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
| | - Jesús Aguilar-Castro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Fernández-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Teresita de Jesús Nolasco-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Monserrat Sofía López-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - David Roberto Chavira-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico;
| | - Armando Cervantes-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Aplicaciones Computacionales, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - Martha Legorreta-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología de Moléculas de Interés Biológico, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico; (F.O.B.-G.); (L.A.C.-C.); (J.A.-C.); (O.F.-R.); (T.J.N.-P.); (M.S.L.-P.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anabire NG, Quintana MDP, Ofori MF, Hviid L. The Rapid and Spontaneous Postpartum Clearance of Plasmodium falciparum Is Related to Expulsion of the Placenta. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:196-201. [PMID: 36740589 PMCID: PMC10345473 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitemia among pregnant women with protective immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is often dominated by VAR2CSA-positive infected erythrocytes (IEs). VAR2CSA mediates sequestration of IEs in the placenta. We hypothesized that the previously observed spontaneous postpartum clearance of parasitemia in such women is related to the expulsion of the placenta, which removes the sequestration focus of VAR2CSA-positive IEs. We assessed parasitemias and gene transcription before and shortly after delivery in 17 Ghanaian women. The precipitous decline in parasitemia postpartum was accompanied by selective reduction in transcription of the gene encoding VAR2CSA. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the earlier observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nsoh G Anabire
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research,
University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of
Biochemistry, Cell, and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana,
Accra, Ghana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria del Pilar Quintana
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael F Ofori
- Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research,
University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lars Hviid
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Matshe WMR, Tshweu LL, Mvango S, Cele ZED, Chetty AS, Pilcher LA, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Taylor D, Gibhard L, Basarab GS, Balogun MO. A Water-Soluble Polymer-Lumefantrine Conjugate for the Intravenous Treatment of Severe Malaria. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200518. [PMID: 36999404 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncomplicated malaria is effectively treated with oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Yet, there is an unmet clinical need for the intravenous treatment of the more fatal severe malaria. There is no combination intravenous therapy for uncomplicated due to the nonavailability of a water-soluble partner drug for the artemisinin, artesunate. The currently available treatment is a two-part regimen split into an intravenous artesunate followed by the conventional oral ACT . In a novel application of polymer therapeutics, the aqueous insoluble antimalarial lumefantrine is conjugated to a carrier polymer to create a new water-soluble chemical entity suitable for intravenous administration in a clinically relevant formulation . The conjugate is characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and the aqueous solubility of lumefantrine is determined to have increased by three orders of magnitude. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicate that there is a significant plasma release of lumefantrine and production its metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine (area under the curve of metabolite is ≈10% that of the parent). In a Plasmodium falciparum malaria mouse model, parasitemia clearance is 50% higher than that of reference unconjugated lumefantrine. The polymer-lumefantrine shows potential for entering the clinic to meet the need for a one-course combination treatment for severe malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William M R Matshe
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lesego L Tshweu
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sindisiwe Mvango
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Zamani E D Cele
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Avashnee S Chetty
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lynne A Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mohammed O Balogun
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Otsuki H, Kaneko O, Ito D, Kondo Y, Iriko H, Ishino T, Tachibana M, Tsuboi T, Torii M. Cysteine Residues in Region 6 of the Plasmodium yoelii Erythrocyte-Binding-like Ligand That Are Related to Its Localization and the Course of Infection. Biomolecules 2023; 13:458. [PMID: 36979393 PMCID: PMC10046610 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium malaria parasites use erythrocyte-binding-like (EBL) ligands to invade erythrocytes in their vertebrate host. EBLs are released from micronemes, which are secretory organelles located at the merozoite apical end and bind to erythrocyte surface receptors. Because of their essential nature, EBLs have been studied as vaccine candidates, such as the Plasmodium vivax Duffy binding protein. Previously, we showed through using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii that a single amino acid substitution within the EBL C-terminal Cys-rich domain (region 6) caused mislocalization of this molecule and resulted in alteration of the infection course and virulence between the non-lethal 17X and lethal 17XL strains. In the present study, we generated a panel of transgenic P. yoelii lines in which seven of the eight conserved Cys residues in EBL region 6 were independently substituted to Ala residues to observe the consequence of these substitutions with respect to EBL localization, the infection course, and virulence. Five out of seven transgenic lines showed EBL mislocalizations and higher parasitemias. Among them, three showed increased virulence, whereas the other two did not kill the infected mice. The remaining two transgenic lines showed low parasitemias similar to their parental 17X strain, and their EBL localizations did not change. The results indicate the importance of Cys residues in EBL region 6 for EBL localization, parasite infection course, and virulence and suggest an association between EBL localization and the parasite infection course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Otsuki
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yoko Kondo
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Iriko
- Division of Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Cell-Free Sciences, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Motomi Torii
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gong H, Rahman SU, Zhou K, Lin Z, Mi R, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia H, Tang W, Xia C, Pandey K, Chen Z. Temporal metabolic profiling of erythrocytes in mice infected with Babesia microti. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105954. [PMID: 36574865 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesiosis is an emerging zoonosis worldwide that is caused by tick-borne apicomplexans, Babesia spp., which threatens the health of domesticated and wild mammals and even humans. Although it has done serious harm to animal husbandry and public health, the study of Babesia is still progressing slowly. Until now, no effective anti-Babesia vaccines have been available, and administration of combined drugs tends to produce side effects. Therefore, non-targeted metabolomics was employed in the present study to examine the temporal dynamic changes in the metabolic profile of the infected erythrocytes. The goal was to obtain new insight into pathogenesis of Babesia and to explore vaccine candidates or novel drug targets. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were infected with B. microti and erythrocytes at different time points (0, 3, 6 , 9, 12, and 22-days post-infection) were subjected to parasitemia surveillance and then metabolomics analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to clearly separate and identify dysregulated metabolites in Babesia-infected mice. The analyses included principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). The time-series trends of the impacted molecules were analyzed using the R package Mfuzz and the fuzzy clustering principle. The temporal profiling of amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides in blood cells infected with B. microti were also investigated. RESULTS B. microti infection resulted in a fast increase of parasitemia and serious alteration of the mouse metabolites. Through LC-MS metabolomics analysis, 10,289 substance peaks were detected and annotated to 3,705 components during the analysis period. There were 1,166 dysregulated metabolites, which were classified into 8 clusters according to the temporal trends. Consistent with the trend of parasitemia, the numbers of differential metabolites reached a peak of 525 at 6-days post-infection (dpi). Moreover, the central carbon metabolism in cancer demonstrated the most serious change during the infection process except for that observed at 6 dpi. Sabotage occurred in components involved in the TCA cycle, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotide metabolism. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a great alteration in the metabolites of Babesia-infected mice and shed new light on the pathogenesis of B. microti at the metabolic level. The results might lead to novel information about the mechanisms of pathopoiesis, babesisosis, and anti-parasite drug/vaccine development in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Keke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850009, China
| | - Chenyang Xia
- Institute of Animai Science of Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850009, China
| | - Kishor Pandey
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Obeta SS, Ubah SA, Ejiofor CE, Agbonu OA, Columbus PK, Abah KO, Ikpe AB, Bankole AS, Ezinwo PA, Itodo JI, Akefe IO, Uba CA, Mailafia S. The clinical effect of experimental infection with Trypanosoma congolense on Dutch belted rabbits. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:113-116. [PMID: 36282320 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07702-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical effect of Trypanosoma congolense infection on Dutch belted (does) rabbits was investigated. Sixteen Dutch belted rabbits weighing between 1.6 and 1.8 kg were grouped into two groups of eight each. Animals were accessed for packed cell volume (PCV), total leucocyte count (TLC), rectal temperature (RT), heart rate (HR), and body weight (BW) before infection as well as 18, 25, and 58 days post inoculation (PI). The level of parasitaemia was estimated on a weekly basis and was graded by number of parasites/field. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the mean PCV between treatment and control groups of the rabbits on all days PI. The other parameters were not significantly different between uninfected controls and treatment group although the rectal temperature fluctuated. The mean PCV of infected rabbits was 36.0 ± 0.53%, 35.3 ± 0.19%, and 28.0 ± 0.89% at days 18, 25, and 58 PI, while for uninfected, the mean PCV was 40.8 ± 0.11%, 41.8 ± 0.19%, and 41.3 ± 0.08% across the same time periods. Parasitaemia was detected at 6th day PI and remained high to the end of the study. The study suggests that the use of haematinics and anti-pyrexia treatments as part of disease management for rabbits would be useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Sunday Obeta
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Simon Azubuike Ubah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Charles Ejike Ejiofor
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oluwa Adikpe Agbonu
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | - Kenneth Owoicho Abah
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Alapa Baba Ikpe
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Samuel Bankole
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agricultural Science, National Open University of Nigeria Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Prisca Adaoma Ezinwo
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Joy Iyojo Itodo
- Department of Wildlife and Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria
| | - Issac Oluwatobi Akefe
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Charles Amaechi Uba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Mailafia
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yilmaz IC, Dunuroglu E, Ayanoglu IC, Ipekoglu EM, Yildirim M, Girginkardesler N, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Ozbilgin A, Aykut G, Gursel I, Gursel M. Leishmania kinetoplast DNA contributes to parasite burden in infected macrophages: Critical role of the cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway in macrophage parasitemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007070. [PMID: 36405710 PMCID: PMC9667060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites harbor a unique network of circular DNA known as kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). The role of kDNA in leishmania infections is poorly understood. Herein, we show that kDNA delivery to the cytosol of Leishmania major infected THP-1 macrophages provoked increased parasite loads when compared to untreated cells, hinting at the involvement of cytosolic DNA sensors in facilitating parasite evasion from the immune system. Parasite proliferation was significantly hindered in cGAS- STING- and TBK-1 knockout THP-1 macrophages when compared to wild type cells. Nanostring nCounter gene expression analysis on L. major infected wild type versus knockout cells revealed that some of the most upregulated genes including, Granulysin (GNLY), Chitotriosidase-1 (CHIT1), Sialomucin core protein 24 (CD164), SLAM Family Member 7 (SLAMF7), insulin-like growth factor receptor 2 (IGF2R) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) were identical in infected cGAS and TBK1 knockout cells, implying their involvement in parasite control. Amlexanox treatment (a TBK1 inhibitor) of L. major infected wild type cells inhibited both the percentage and the parasite load of infected THP-1 cells and delayed footpad swelling in parasite infected mice. Collectively, these results suggest that leishmania parasites might hijack the cGAS-STING-TBK1 signaling pathway to their own advantage and the TBK1 inhibitor amlexanox could be of interest as a candidate drug in treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cem Yilmaz
- Basic and Translational Research Program, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Dunuroglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Cihan Ayanoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Mert Ipekoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Yildirim
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nogay Girginkardesler
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Department of Parasitology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozbilgin
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gamze Aykut
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Gursel
- Basic and Translational Research Program, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mayda Gursel
- Basic and Translational Research Program, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Mayda Gursel,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lv L, Xu Z, Zhao M, Gao J, Jiang R, Wang Q, Shi X. Mannose inhibits Plasmodium parasite growth and cerebral malaria development via regulation of host immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859228. [PMID: 36211381 PMCID: PMC9546034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
D-mannose can be transported into a variety of cells via glucose transporter (GLUT), and supraphysiological levels of D-mannose impairs tumor growth and modulates immune cell function through mechanisms such as interference with glycolysis and induction of oxidative stress. Blood-stage Plasmodium mainly depends on glycolysis for energy supply and pathological immune response plays a vital role in cerebral malaria. However, it is not clear whether mannose affects malaria blood-stage infection. Here, we fed D-mannose to Plasmodium berghei-infected mice and found weight loss and reduced parasitemia without apparent side effects. Compromised parasitemia in C57BL/6 mice was accompanied by an increase in splenic macrophages compared to an untreated group. When mannose was applied to a rodent experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model, the incidence of ECM decreased. Expression of activation marker CD69 on T cells in peripheral blood and the brain were reduced, and cerebral migration of activated T cells was prevented by decreased expression of CXCR3. These findings suggest that mannose inhibits Plasmodium infection by regulating multiple host immune responses and could serve as a potential strategy for facilitating malaria treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Meichen Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Rumeng Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Wang, ; Xiaoyu Shi,
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Diseases of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Wang, ; Xiaoyu Shi,
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cadena-Ortiz H, Mantilla JS, Rivero de Aguilar J, Flores D, Bahamonde D, Matta NE, Bonaccorso E. Avian haemosporidian infections in rufous-collared sparrows in an Andean dry forest: diversity and factors related to prevalence and parasitaemia - CORRIGENDUM. Parasitology 2022; 149:1521-1522. [PMID: 35920314 PMCID: PMC11010568 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Cadena-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan S Mantilla
- Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigación Caracterización Genética e Inmunología, Sede Bogotá-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Rivero de Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diana Flores
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Bahamonde
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Nubia E Matta
- Departamento de Biología, Grupo de Investigación Caracterización Genética e Inmunología, Sede Bogotá-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Elisa Bonaccorso
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb), Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Machala y Sabanilla, Quito, Ecuador
- Present address: Instituto de Salud y Ambiente, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá- 110121, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto BIOSFERA y Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, 17-1200-841 Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Aljawdah HMA, Abdel-Gaber R, Al-Shaebi EM, Thagfan FA, Al-Quraishy S, Qasem MAA, Murshed M, Mares MM, Al-Otaibi T, Hawsah MA, Dkhil MA. Hepatoprotective activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract in murine malaria mediated by suppression of oxidative and inflammatory processes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:955042. [PMID: 36034714 PMCID: PMC9412018 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.955042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal extracts are promising agents against various parasitic diseases, such as malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative action of Eucalyptus camaldulensis extract (ECE) against hepatic damage caused by Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Mice were allocated into five groups as follows: two groups served as the control non-infected groups that received distilled water and ECE, respectively; subsequent three groups were infected with 106 P. chabaudi parasitized erythrocytes; the last two groups were infected with the parasite and then treated with ECE and chloroquine. On day 8 post-infection, the parasite count increased inside erythrocytes (59.4% parasitemia in the infected group). Parasitemia was successfully reduced to 9.4% upon ECE treatment. Phytochemical screening using GC mass spectrometry revealed that ECE contained 23 phytochemical components. Total phenolics and flavonoids in ECE were 104 ± 2 and 7.1± 3 µg/mL, respectively, with 57.2% antioxidant activity. ECE ameliorated changes in liver histopathology and enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, ECE prevented oxidative damage induced by the parasite in the liver, as evidenced by the change in the liver concentrations of glutathione, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and catalase. Moreover, ECE was able to regulate the expression of liver cytokines, interleukins-1β and 6, as well as IFN-γ mRNA. ECE possesses antiplasmodial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity against liver injury induced by the parasite P. chabaudi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossam M. A. Aljawdah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rewaida Abdel-Gaber
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam M. Al-Shaebi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Felwa A. Thagfan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood A. A. Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutee Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Mares
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Al-Otaibi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Science and Technology, Al-Nairiyah University College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysar Abu Hawsah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Dkhil
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohamed A. Dkhil,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abad-Franch F. Trypanosoma cruzi parasitemia in chronic Chagas disease: Insights from hierarchical modeling. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010612. [PMID: 35925882 PMCID: PMC9352048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Arana Y, Gálvez RI, Jacobs T. Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and Potential Therapeutic Options. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866120. [PMID: 35812458 PMCID: PMC9260015 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected chronic infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). A significant portion of infected people develops cardiac or digestive alterations over a lifetime. Since several chronic infections associated with antigen persistence and inflammation have been shown to lead to T cell exhaustion, new therapies targeting co-inhibitory receptors to regain T cell activity are under consideration. This study explored immune therapeutic approaches targeting the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L pathway in an experimental model for CD. Infected PD-L1 knockout mice (PD-L1 KO) showed increased systemic parasitemia in blood although no significant differences in parasite load were observed in different organs. Furthermore, we found no significant differences in the frequency of activated T cells or proinflammatory cytokine production when compared to WT counterparts. PD-L1 deficiency led to the production of IL-10 by CD8+ T cells and an upregulation of Tim-3 and CD244 (2B4). Unexpectedly, the lack of PD-L1 did not contribute to a significantly improved T cell response to infection. Single blockade and combined blockade of PD-1 and Tim-3 using monoclonal antibodies confirmed the results observed in infected. PD-L1 KO mice. Our results describe for the first time that the interruption of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis during acute T. cruzi infection does not necessarily enhance the immune response against this parasite. Its interruption favors increased levels of parasitemia and sustained upregulation of other co-inhibitory receptors as well as the production of regulatory cytokines. These results suggest that the clinical application of immune therapeutic approaches targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CD might be risky and associated with adverse events. It highlights that more research is urgently needed to better understand the immune regulation of T cells in CD before designing immune therapeutic approaches for a clinical context.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mallaupoma LRC, Dias BKDM, Singh MK, Honorio RI, Nakabashi M, Kisukuri CDM, Paixão MW, Garcia CRS. Decoding the Role of Melatonin Structure on Plasmodium falciparum Human Malaria Parasites Synchronization Using 2-Sulfenylindoles Derivatives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050638. [PMID: 35625565 PMCID: PMC9138683 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin acts to synchronize the parasite’s intraerythrocytic cycle by triggering the phospholipase C-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (PLC-IP3) signaling cascade. Compounds with an indole scaffold impair in vitro proliferation of blood-stage malaria parasites, indicating that this class of compounds is potentially emerging antiplasmodial drugs. Therefore, we aimed to study the role of the alkyl and aryl thiol moieties of 14 synthetic indole compounds against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Four compounds (3, 26, 18, 21) inhibited the growth of P. falciparum (3D7) by 50% at concentrations below 20 µM. A set of 2-sulfenylindoles also showed activity against Dd2 parasites. Our data suggest that Dd2 parasites are more susceptible to compounds 20 and 28 than 3D7 parasites. These data show that 2-sulfenylindoles are promising antimalarials against chloroquine-resistant parasite strains. We also evaluated the effects of the 14 compounds on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain and their ability to interfere with the effect of 100 nM melatonin on the parasitemia of the 3D7 strain. Our results showed that compounds 3, 7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, and 20 slightly increased the effect of melatonin by increasing parasitemia by 8–20% compared with that of melatonin-only-treated 3D7 parasites. Moreover, we found that melatonin modulates the expression of kinase-related signaling components giving additional evidence to investigate inhibitors that can block melatonin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenna Rosanie Cordero Mallaupoma
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Bárbara Karina de Menezes Dias
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maneesh Kumar Singh
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Rute Isabel Honorio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
| | - Camila de Menezes Kisukuri
- Centro de Excelência para Pesquisa em Química Sustentável (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (C.d.M.K.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Márcio Weber Paixão
- Centro de Excelência para Pesquisa em Química Sustentável (CERSusChem), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil; (C.d.M.K.); (M.W.P.)
| | - Celia R. S. Garcia
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (B.K.d.M.D.); (M.K.S.); (R.I.H.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rodrigues WF, Miguel CB, Marques LC, da Costa TA, de Abreu MCM, Oliveira CJF, Lazo-Chica JE. Predicting Blood Parasite Load and Influence of Expression of iNOS on the Effect Size of Clinical Laboratory Parameters in Acute Trypanosoma cruzi Infection With Different Inoculum Concentrations in C57BL/6 Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:850037. [PMID: 35371021 PMCID: PMC8974915 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.850037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chagas disease, the initial responses of phagocyte-mediated innate immunity are strongly associated with the control of Trypanosoma cruzi and are mediated by various signaling pathways, including the inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) pathway. The clinical and laboratory manifestations of Chagas disease depend on the parasite–host relationship, i.e., the responsive capacity of the host immune system and the immunogenicity of the parasite. Here, we evaluated effect sizes in clinical and laboratory parameters mediated by acute infection with different concentrations of T. cruzi inoculum in mice immunosuppressed via iNOS pathway inactivation. Infection was induced in C57BL/6 wild-type and iNOS-/- mice with the “Y” strain of T. cruzi at three inoculum concentrations (3 × 102, 3 × 103, and 3 × 104). Parasitemia and mortality in both mouse strains were monitored. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify amastigotes in cardiac tissues and cardiac musculature cells. Biochemical parameters, such as blood urea nitrogen, sodium, albumin, and globulin concentrations, among others, were measured, and cytokine concentrations were also measured. Effect sizes were determined by the eta squared formula. Compared with that in wild-type animals, mice with an absence of iNOS expression demonstrated a greater parasite load, with earlier infection and a delayed parasitemia peak. Inoculum concentration was positively related to death in the immunosuppressed subgroup. Nineteen parameters (hematological, biochemical, cytokine-related, and histopathological) in the immunocompetent subgroup and four in the immunosuppressed subgroup were associated with parasitemia. Parasitemia, biochemical parameters, and hematological parameters were found to be predictors in the knockout group. The impact of effect sizes on the markers evaluated based on T. cruzi inoculum concentration was notably high in the immunocompetent group (Cohen’s d = 88.50%; p <.001). These findings contribute to the understanding of physiopathogenic mechanisms underlying T. cruzi infection and also indicate the influence of the concentration of T. cruzi during infection and the immunosuppression through the iNOS pathway in clinical laboratory heterogeneity reported in acute Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wellington Francisco Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Wellington Francisco Rodrigues,
| | - Camila Botelho Miguel
- Biosciences Unit, Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Mineiros, Brazil
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Alvares da Costa
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | - Carlo José Freire Oliveira
- Postgraduate Course in Health Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
- Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine and Infectology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Javier Emilio Lazo-Chica
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pijnacker T, Bartels R, van Leeuwen M, Teske E. Identification of parameters and formulation of a statistical and machine learning model to identify Babesia canis infections in dogs using available ADVIA hematology analyzer data. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:41. [PMID: 35093154 PMCID: PMC8801090 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease in endemic regions. One of the relevant subspecies in Europe is Babesia canis, and it can cause severe clinical signs such as hemolytic anemia. Apart from acute clinical symptoms dogs can also have a more chronic disease development or be asymptomatic carriers. Our objective was to identify readily available ADVIA hematology analyzer parameters suggestive of B. canis parasitemia in dogs and to formulate a predictive model. METHODS A historical dataset of complete blood count data from an ADVIA hematology system with blood smear or PCR confirmed parasitemia cases was used to obtain a model by conventional statistics (CS) methods and machine learning (ML) using logistical regression and tree methods. RESULTS Both methods identified that important parameters were platelet count, mean platelet volume and percentage large unstained cells. We were able to formulate a CS model and ML model to screen for Babesia parasitemia in dogs with a sensitivity of 84.6% (CS) and 100% (ML), a specificity of 97.7% (CS) and 95.7% (ML) and a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 36.78 (CS) and 23.2 (ML). CONCLUSIONS This study introduces two methods of screening for B. canis parasitemia on readily available data from ADVIA hematology systems. The algorithms can easily be introduced in laboratories that use these analyzers. When the algorithm marks a sample as 'suggestive' for Babesia parasitemia, the sample is approximately 37 times more likely to show Babesia merozoites on blood smear analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tera Pijnacker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Bartels
- Digital Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Leeuwen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Teske
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xie H, Xie S, Wang M, Wei H, Huang H, Xie A, Li J, Fang C, Shi F, Yang Q, Qi Y, Yin Z, Wang X, Huang J. Properties and Roles of γδT Cells in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM Infected C57BL/6 Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:788546. [PMID: 35127555 PMCID: PMC8811364 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.788546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many kinds of immune cells are involved in malaria infection. γδT cells represent a special type of immune cell between natural and adaptive immune cells that play critical roles in anti-parasite infection. Methods In this study, malaria infection model was constructed. Distribution of γδT cells in various immune organs and dynamic changes of γδT cells in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice after infection were detected by flow cytometry. And activation status of γδT cells was detected by flow cytometry. Then γδT cells in naive and infected mice were sorted and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Finally, γδTCR KO mice model was constructed and the effect of γδT cell depletion on mouse T and B cell immunity against Plasmodium infection was explored. Results Here, splenic γδT cells were found to increase significantly on day 14 after Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM infection in C57BL/6 mice. Higher level of CD69, ICOS and PD-1, lower level of CD62L, and decreased IFN-γ producing after stimulation by PMA and ionomycin were found in γδT cells from infected mice, compared with naive mice. Moreover, 11 clusters were identified in γδT cells by scRNA-seq based t-SNE analysis. Cluster 4, 5, and 7 in γδT cells from infected mice were found the expression of numerous genes involved in immune response. In the same time, the GO enrichment analysis revealed that the marker genes in the infection group were involved in innate and adaptive immunity, pathway enrichment analysis identified the marker genes in the infected group shared many key signalling molecules with other cells or against pathogen infection. Furthermore, increased parasitaemia, decreased numbers of RBC and PLT, and increased numbers of WBC were found in the peripheral blood from γδTCR KO mice. Finally, lower IFN-γ and CD69 expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, lower B cell percentage and numbers, and less CD69 expressing B cells were found in the spleen from γδTCR KO infected mice, and lower levels of IgG and IgM antibodies in the serum were also observed than WT mice. Conclusions Overall, this study demonstrates the diversity of γδT cells in the spleen of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis NSM infected C57BL/6 mice at both the protein and RNA levels, and suggests that the expansion of γδT cells in cluster 4, 5 and 7 could promote both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feihu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanwei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, China
- The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Wang, ; Jun Huang,
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Wang, ; Jun Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chaudhury S, Yu C, Liu R, Kumar K, Hornby S, Duplessis C, Sklar JM, Epstein JE, Reifman J. Wearables Detect Malaria Early in a Controlled Human-Infection Study. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:2119-2129. [PMID: 34941497 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3137756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Observational studies on the use of commercially available wearable devices for infection detection lack the rigor of controlled clinical studies, where time of exposure and onset of infection are exactly known. Towards that end, we carried out a feasibility study using a commercial smartwatch for monitoring of heart rate, skin temperature, and body acceleration on subjects as they underwent a controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) challenge. METHODS Ten subjects underwent CHMI and were asked to wear the smartwatch for at least 12 hours/day from 2 weeks pre-challenge to 4 weeks post-challenge. Using these data, we developed 2B-Healthy, a Bayesian-based infection prediction algorithm that estimates a probability of infection. We also collected data from eight control subjects for 4 weeks to assess the false-positive rate of 2B-Healthy. RESULTS Nine of 10 CHMI subjects developed parasitemia, with an average time to parasitemia of 12 days. 2B-Healthy detected infection in seven of nine subjects (78% sensitivity), where in six subjects it detected infection 6 days before parasitemia (on average). In the eight control subjects, we obtained a false-positive rate of 6%/week. CONCLUSION The 2B-Healthy algorithm was able to reliably detect infection prior to the onset of symptoms using data collected from a commercial smartwatch in a controlled human infection study. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of wearables as a screening device to provide early warning of infection and support further research on the use of the 2B-Healthy algorithm as the basis for a wearable infection-detection platform.
Collapse
|
38
|
Gutierrez BC, Lammel E, González-Cappa SM, Poncini CV. Early Immune Response Elicited by Different Trypanosoma cruzi Infective Stages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768566. [PMID: 34900754 PMCID: PMC8656353 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that affects millions of people in Latin America. Infection occurs by vectorial transmission or by transfusion or transplacental route. Immune events occurring immediately after the parasite entrance are poorly explored. Dendritic cells (DCs) are target for the parasite immune evasion mechanisms. Recently, we have demonstrated that two different populations of DCs display variable activation after interaction with the two infective forms of the parasite: metacyclic or blood trypomastigotes (mTp or bTp) in vitro. The skin constitutes a complex network with several populations of antigen-presenting cells. Previously, we have demonstrated T. cruzi conditioning the repertoire of cells recruited into the site of infection. In the present work, we observed that mTp and bTp inoculation displayed differences in cell recruitment to the site of infection and in the activation status of APCs in draining lymph nodes and spleen during acute infection. Animals inoculated with mTp exhibited 100% of survival with no detectable parasitemia, in contrast with those injected with bTp that displayed high mortality and high parasite load. Animals infected with mTp and challenged with a lethal dose of bTp 15 days after primary infection showed no mortality and incremented DC activation in secondary lymphoid organs compared with controls injected only with bTp or non-infected mice. These animals also displayed a smaller number of amastigote nests in cardiac tissue and more CD8 T cells than mice infected with bTp. All the results suggest that both Tp infective stages induce an unequal immune response since the beginning of the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Celeste Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Estela Lammel
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stella Maris González-Cappa
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular e Inmunopatología de Infecciones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Medica (IMPaM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Camargo LF, Pinheiro GD, de Oliveira PB, Losada DM, Chagas EFB, Sperança MA, Chies AB, Spadella MA, Martins LPA. Influence of galantamine in the inflammatory process and tissular lesions caused by Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e0201. [PMID: 34787259 PMCID: PMC8582970 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0201-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers an inflammatory process with exacerbated production of cytokines that stimulate inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals, including the efferent anti-inflammatory signal known as the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway. Thus, the use of anticholinesterase drugs, such as galantamine, could minimize the inflammatory process caused by this disease. METHODS For the study at 30, 60, and 90 days, 120 Swiss mice were divided into three groups. Each group was subdivided into four subgroups: uninfected/untreated (CTRL), uninfected/treated (GAL), infected/untreated (INF), and infected/treated (GAL/INF). The infected groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of mouse blood containing 5 × 104 trypomastigote forms of the T. cruzi QM2 strain. The galantamine-treated groups received 5 mg/kg of galantamine orally, through pipetting. From each subgroup, the parameters of parasitemia, histopathological analysis, butyrylcholinesterase activity (BuChE), and functional study of the colon were evaluated. RESULTS BuChE performance was observed when AChE was suppressed, with increased activity in the GAL/INF group similar to the INF group on the 30th day post infection, thus corroborating the absence of a significant difference in parasitic curves and histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS The presence of an inflammatory process and nests of amastigotes, as well as evidence of reactivity to ACh and NOR, suggest that galantamine did not interfere with the colonic inflammatory response or even in colonic tissue parasitism at this stage of Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniele Moraes Losada
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Márcia Aparecida Sperança
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brasil
| | - Agnaldo Bruno Chies
- Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Departamento de Farmacologia, Marília, SP, Brasil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mischlinger J, Manego RZ, Mombo-Ngoma G, Ekoka Mbassi D, Hackbarth N, Ekoka Mbassi FA, Davi SD, Kreuzmair R, Veletzky L, Hergeth J, Ndoumba WN, Pitzinger P, Groger M, Matsiegui PB, Adegnika AA, Agnandji ST, Lell B, Ramharter M. Diagnostic performance of capillary and venous blood samples in the detection of Loa loa and Mansonella perstans microfilaraemia using light microscopy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009623. [PMID: 34398886 PMCID: PMC8389422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loa loa and Mansonella perstans-the causative agents of loiasis and mansonellosis-are vector-borne filarial parasites co-endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis of both infections is usually established by microscopic analysis of blood samples. It was recently established that the odds for detecting Plasmodium spp. is higher in capillary (CAP) blood than in venous (VEN) blood. In analogy to this finding this analysis evaluates potential differences in microfilaraemia of L. loa and M. perstans in samples of CAP and VEN blood. METHODS Recruitment took place between 2015 and 2019 at the CERMEL in Lambaréné, Gabon and its surrounding villages. Persons of all ages presenting to diagnostic services of the research center around noon were invited to participate in the study. A thick smear of each 10 microliters of CAP and VEN blood was prepared and analysed by a minimum of two independent microscopists. Differences of log2-transformed CAP and VEN microfilaraemia were computed and expressed as percentages. Furthermore, odds ratios for paired data were computed to quantify the odds to detect microfilariae in CAP blood versus in VEN blood. RESULTS A total of 713 participants were recruited among whom 52% were below 30 years of age, 27% between 30-59 years of age and 21% above 60 years of age. Male-female ratio was 0.84. Among 152 participants with microscopically-confirmed L. loa infection median (IQR) microfilaraemia was 3,650 (275-11,100) per milliliter blood in CAP blood and 2,775 (200-8,875) in VEN blood (p<0.0001), while among 102 participants with M. perstans this was 100 (0-200) and 100 (0-200), respectively (p = 0.44). Differences in linear models amount up to an average of +34.5% (95% CI: +11.0 to +63.0) higher L. loa microfilaria quantity in CAP blood versus VEN blood and for M. perstans it was on average higher by +24.8% (95% CI: +0.0 to +60.5). Concordantly, the odds for detection of microfilaraemia in CAP samples versus VEN samples was 1.24 (95% CI: 0.65-2.34) and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.0-2.68) for infections with L. loa and M. perstans, respectively. CONCLUSION This analysis indicates that average levels of microfilaraemia of L. loa are higher in CAP blood samples than in VEN blood samples. This might have implications for treatment algorithms of onchocerciasis and loiasis, in which exact quantification of L. loa microfilaraemia is of importance. Furthermore, the odds for detection of M. perstans microfilariae was higher in CAP than in VEN blood which may pre-dispose CAP blood for detection of M. perstans infection in large epidemiological studies when sampling of large blood quantities is not feasible. No solid evidence for a higher odds of L. loa microfilariae detection in CAP blood was revealed, which might be explained by generally high levels of L. loa microfilaraemia in CAP and VEN blood above the limit of detection of 100 microfilariae/ml. Yet, it cannot be excluded that the study was underpowered to detect a moderate difference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Mischlinger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rella Zoleko Manego
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Dorothea Ekoka Mbassi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Hackbarth
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franck-Aurelien Ekoka Mbassi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Saskia Dede Davi
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Kreuzmair
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Luzia Veletzky
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mirjam Groger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Ayôla Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rodrigues da Cunha GM, Azevedo MA, Nogueira DS, Clímaco MDC, Valencia Ayala E, Jimenez Chunga JA, La Valle RJY, da Cunha Galvão LM, Chiari E, Brito CRN, Soares RP, Nogueira PM, Fujiwara RT, Gazzinelli R, Hincapie R, Chaves CS, Oliveira FMS, Finn MG, Marques AF. α-Gal immunization positively impacts Trypanosoma cruzi colonization of heart tissue in a mouse model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009613. [PMID: 34314435 PMCID: PMC8345864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered endemic in more than 20 countries but lacks both an approved vaccine and limited treatment for its chronic stage. Chronic infection is most harmful to human health because of long-term parasitic infection of the heart. Here we show that immunization with a virus-like particle vaccine displaying a high density of the immunogenic α-Gal trisaccharide (Qβ-αGal) induced several beneficial effects concerning acute and chronic T. cruzi infection in α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout mice. Approximately 60% of these animals were protected from initial infection with high parasite loads. Vaccinated animals also produced high anti-αGal IgG antibody titers, improved IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokine production, and controlled parasitemia in the acute phase at 8 days post-infection (dpi) for the Y strain and 22 dpi for the Colombian strain. In the chronic stage of infection (36 and 190 dpi, respectively), all of the vaccinated group survived, showing significantly decreased heart inflammation and clearance of amastigote nests from the heart tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maíra Araújo Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise Silva Nogueira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juan Atilio Jimenez Chunga
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Faculdad de Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Profesional de Microbiología y Parasitología—Laboratorio de Parasitología en Fauna Silvestre y Zoonosis, Lima, Peru
| | - Raul Jesus Ynocente La Valle
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Faculdad de Ciencias Biologicas, Escuela Profesional de Microbiología y Parasitología—Laboratorio de Parasitología en Fauna Silvestre y Zoonosis, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Egler Chiari
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ramon Nascimento Brito
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte—Centro de Ciências da Saúde—Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Gazzinelli
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Parasitologia, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou/FIOCRUZ–MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Carlos-Sanhueza Chaves
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abdrabou W, Dieng MM, Diawara A, Sermé SS, Almojil D, Sombié S, Henry NB, Kargougou D, Manikandan V, Soulama I, Idaghdour Y. Metabolome modulation of the host adaptive immunity in human malaria. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1001-1016. [PMID: 34113019 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host responses to infection with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum vary among individuals for reasons that are poorly understood. Here we reveal metabolic perturbations as a consequence of malaria infection in children and identify an immunosuppressive role of endogenous steroid production in the context of P. falciparum infection. We perform metabolomics on matched samples from children from two ethnic groups in West Africa, before and after infection with seasonal malaria. Analysing 306 global metabolomes, we identify 92 parasitaemia-associated metabolites with impact on the host adaptive immune response. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses, and causal mediation and moderation analyses, reveal an infection-driven immunosuppressive role of parasitaemia-associated pregnenolone steroids on lymphocyte function and the expression of key immunoregulatory lymphocyte genes in the Gouin ethnic group. In children from the less malaria-susceptible Fulani ethnic group, we observe opposing responses following infection, consistent with the immunosuppressive role of endogenous steroids in malaria. These findings advance our understanding of P. falciparum pathogenesis in humans and identify potential new targets for antimalarial therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Abdrabou
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mame Massar Dieng
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aïssatou Diawara
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samuel Sindié Sermé
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Dareen Almojil
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Salif Sombié
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Noelie Bere Henry
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Désiré Kargougou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Vinu Manikandan
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Youssef Idaghdour
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Asmerom H, Yalew A, Getaneh Z. Hematological Profiles of Malaria Infected Adult Patients in Raya Alamata Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Clin Lab 2021; 66. [PMID: 33180439 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2020.200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematological changes are the most common complications occurred in malaria pathology. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and mild-to-moderate atypical lymphocytosis are the main hematological changes occurred in malaria infection. Therefore, this study aimed to compare hematological profiles of malaria-infected adult patients in the Raya Alamata Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia from February 1, 2019, to April 30, 2019. METHODS The hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was done to compare the hematological profiles of a total of 238 study participants, consisting of 119 malaria-infected patients as cases and 119 malaria negatives as controls. Malaria diagnosis was done by thick and thin blood film microscopy. We determined the hematological parameters using an automated DiRUi BCC/3000B hematology analyzer. Data for the different hematological parameters were expressed as mean (± SD). A binary logistic regression model was constructed for categorical dependent variables to see the associations with predictors. RESULTS In this study, the mean values of red blood cell count, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelet count, and eosinophil count were significantly lower in the cases than the controls. The prevalence of anemia and thrombocytopenia in malaria patients were 39.5% and 56.3%, respectively. Being female, and having high malaria parasitemia were found significantly associated with thrombocytopenia. The odds of developing thrombocytopenia was 8.4-fold higher in malaria patients with high malaria parasitemia. CONCLUSIONS Anemia and thrombocytopenia were the common hematological abnormalities observed in malaria patients. Therefore, malaria patients should be assessed for the presence of such hematological abnormalities and need to be managed timely.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
We report a case of Babesia crassa–like infection in an asplenic patient in Slovenia in 2014. We diagnosed the infection using microscopy, 18S rRNA sequencing, and serology and monitored parasitemia using digital PCR. With its increasing occurrence, babesiosis should be included in differential diagnoses for immunocompromised patients displaying fever.
Collapse
|
45
|
Murphy SC, Deye GA, Sim BKL, Galbiati S, Kennedy JK, Cohen KW, Chakravarty S, KC N, Abebe Y, James ER, Kublin JG, Hoffman SL, Richie TL, Jackson LA. PfSPZ-CVac efficacy against malaria increases from 0% to 75% when administered in the absence of erythrocyte stage parasitemia: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial with controlled human malaria infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009594. [PMID: 34048504 PMCID: PMC8191919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PfSPZ-CVac combines 'PfSPZ Challenge', which consists of infectious Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), with concurrent antimalarial chemoprophylaxis. In a previously-published PfSPZ-CVac study, three doses of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac given 28 days apart had 100% vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 10 weeks after the last immunization, while the same dose given as three injections five days apart had 63% VE. Here, we conducted a dose escalation trial of similarly condensed schedules. Of the groups proceeding to CHMI, the first study group received three direct venous inoculations (DVIs) of a dose of 5.12x104 PfSPZ-CVac seven days apart and the next full dose group received three DVIs of a higher dose of 1.024x105 PfSPZ-CVac five days apart. CHMI (3.2x103 PfSPZ Challenge) was performed by DVI 10 weeks after the last vaccination. In both CHMI groups, transient parasitemia occurred starting seven days after each vaccination. For the seven-day interval group, the second and third vaccinations were therefore administered coincident with parasitemia from the prior vaccination. Parasitemia was associated with systemic symptoms which were severe in 25% of subjects. VE in the seven-day group was 0% (7/7 infected) and in the higher-dose, five-day group was 75% (2/8 infected). Thus, the same dose of PfSPZ-CVac previously associated with 63% VE when given on a five-day schedule in the prior study had zero VE here when given on a seven-day schedule, while a double dose given on a five-day schedule here achieved 75% VE. The relative contributions of the five-day schedule and/or the higher dose to improved VE warrant further investigation. It is notable that administration of PfSPZ-CVac on a schedule where vaccine administration coincided with blood-stage parasitemia was associated with an absence of sterile protective immunity. Clinical trials registration: NCT02773979.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Murphy
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Deye
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - B. Kim Lee Sim
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shirley Galbiati
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Kristen W. Cohen
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Natasha KC
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yonas Abebe
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric R. James
- Sanaria Inc., Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James G. Kublin
- Seattle Malaria Clinical Trials Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Lisa A. Jackson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
He X, Xia L, Tumas KC, Wu J, Su XZ. Type I Interferons and Malaria: A Double-Edge Sword Against a Complex Parasitic Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:594621. [PMID: 33344264 PMCID: PMC7738626 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.594621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are important cytokines playing critical roles in various infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Studies have also shown that IFN-Is exhibit 'conflicting' roles in malaria parasite infections. Malaria parasites have a complex life cycle with multiple developing stages in two hosts. Both the liver and blood stages of malaria parasites in a vertebrate host stimulate IFN-I responses. IFN-Is have been shown to inhibit liver and blood stage development, to suppress T cell activation and adaptive immune response, and to promote production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in animal models. Different parasite species or strains trigger distinct IFN-I responses. For example, a Plasmodium yoelii strain can stimulate a strong IFN-I response during early infection, whereas its isogenetic strain does not. Host genetic background also greatly influences IFN-I production during malaria infections. Consequently, the effects of IFN-Is on parasitemia and disease symptoms are highly variable depending on the combination of parasite and host species or strains. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, TLR9, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) coupled with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) are the major receptors for recognizing parasite nucleic acids (RNA/DNA) to trigger IFN-I responses. IFN-I levels in vivo are tightly regulated, and various novel molecules have been identified to regulate IFN-I responses during malaria infections. Here we review the major findings and progress in ligand recognition, signaling pathways, functions, and regulation of IFN-I responses during malaria infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lu Xia
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keyla C. Tumas
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jian Wu
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xin-Zhuan Su
- Malaria Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Becker DJ, Singh D, Pan Q, Montoure JD, Talbott KM, Wanamaker SM, Ketterson ED. Artificial light at night amplifies seasonal relapse of haemosporidian parasites in a widespread songbird. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201831. [PMID: 32962545 PMCID: PMC7542808 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban habitats can shape interactions between hosts and parasites by altering not only exposure rates but also within-host processes. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is common in urban environments, and chronic exposure can impair host immunity in ways that may increase infection. However, studies of causal links between this stressor, immunity, and infection dynamics are rare, particularly in migratory animals. Here, we experimentally tested how ALAN affects cellular immunity and haemosporidian parasite intensity across the annual cycle of migrant and resident subspecies of the dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis). We monitored an experimental group exposed to light at night and a control group under natural light/dark cycles as they passed through short days simulating early spring to longer days simulating the breeding season, followed by autumn migration. Using generalized additive mixed models, we show that ALAN increased inflammation, and leucocyte counts were greatest in early spring and autumn. At the start of the experiment, few birds had active infections based on microscopy, but PCR revealed many birds had chronic infections. ALAN increased parasitaemia across the annual cycle, with strong peaks in spring and autumn that were largely absent in control birds. As birds were kept in indoor aviaries to prevent vector exposure, this increased parasitaemia indicates relapse of chronic infection during costly life-history stages (i.e. reproduction). Although the immunological and parasitological time series were in phase for control birds, cross-correlation analyses also revealed ALAN desynchronized leucocyte profiles and parasitaemia, which could suggest a general exaggerated inflammatory response. Our study shows how a common anthropogenic influence can shape within-host processes to affect infection dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Devraj Singh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Qiuyun Pan
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah M. Wanamaker
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ellen D. Ketterson
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Gutmanis G, Luciani GF, Azevedo BT, de Carvalho Fiorin CF, de Andrade MF, Silva MAF, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Veríssimo CJ. Correlations and repeatability between Babesia spp. infection levels using two dairy cattle breeding systems. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:599-607. [PMID: 32676999 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are tick-transmitted piroplasms that cause severe damage to the livestock industry in tropical regions of the world. Recent studies demonstrated differences in infection levels of these haemoparasites among bovine breeds and variation between individual cows regarding resistance to these diseases. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability and correlations between B. bovis and B. bigemina using two cattle breeding systems, an individual system (IS) and a collective paddock system (CPS). All animals were Holstein breed, and the levels of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples were estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The estimated correlations for the B. bigemina and B. bovis DNA copy number for IS and CPS were moderate and high, respectively, whereas repeatability estimates for both systems and both Babesia species were moderate. Although we cannot infer that the type of rearing system directly influenced the correlation and repeatability coefficients, it appears that the bovine parasitemia burden may be dependent on (or determine) the parasitemia burden on ticks because the bovines remained in the same place for a longer time in both systems. Thus, the babesiosis infection levels of the ticks may have been uniform, a phenomenon that also ensures greater uniformity in cattle infection. This factor may have favored the occurrence of infected ticks leading to higher repeatability estimates and correlations. Our study confirms high variability in resistance/susceptibility between breeds, and the high correlations found may be linked to this characteristic and the most intensive breeding type of dairy cattle. Besides, under the present study conditions, the estimated correlations suggest that measuring an infection level of one Babesia species can predict the level of infection of the other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil.
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Park S, Nixon CE, Miller O, Choi NK, Kurtis JD, Friedman JF, Michelow IC. Impact of Malaria in Pregnancy on Risk of Malaria in Young Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. J Infect Dis 2020; 222:538-550. [PMID: 32219317 PMCID: PMC7377293 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective was to quantify the risk of acquiring malaria among progeny of women with malaria during pregnancy. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for eligible prospective studies. The primary predictor was malaria during pregnancy defined as placental malaria, parasitemia, clinical malaria, or pregnancy-associated malaria. Primary outcomes were parasitemia or clinically defined malaria of young children. We performed meta-analyses to pool adjusted risk estimates using a random-effects model. RESULTS Nineteen of 2053 eligible studies met inclusion criteria for the systemic review. Eleven of these studies were quantitative and were included in the meta-analyses. The pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) or adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of malaria during pregnancy for detection of parasitemia in young children were 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93-4.07; P = .08) and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.07-2.00; P < .001), respectively. The pooled aOR or aHR for clinically defined malaria in young children were 2.82 (95% CI, 1.82-4.38; P < .001) and 1.31 (95% CI, 0.96-1.79; P = .09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that malaria during pregnancy significantly increased the overall risk of malaria in young children via indeterminate mechanisms and emphasize the urgent need to implement safe and highly effective strategies to prevent malaria during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangshin Park
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christina E Nixon
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Olivia Miller
- Department of Global Health, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana, USA
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan D Kurtis
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jennifer F Friedman
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rosa BMG, Yang GZ. Portable Impedance Analyzer as a Rapid Screening Tool for Malaria: An Experimental Study With Culture and Blood Infected Samples by Early Forms of Plasmodium Falciparum. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3531-3541. [PMID: 32340933 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2990595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the parasite of malaria is a serious healthcare problem for populations residing primarily in tropical and subtropical countries. Early detection of the disease is essential to reduce both the mortality rate and spreading of the disease in the infected areas. Current methods for malaria diagnosis still rely on microscopic analysis of blood smears, which is a time-consuming and expensive process, in addition of requiring trained examiners to perform the analysis. In this paper, we introduce a novel fast screening tool for malaria based on a portable blood impedance analyzer. The simultaneous multi-tone injection of current and voltage detection of the device allow reducing the screening time (order of seconds) while enhancing the differences in impedance signal registered among frequencies to increase parasitemia level discrimination. We went further to demonstrate the possibility of directly applying the device on blood samples collected from volunteers to distinguish between infected and non-infected samples. Minimum parasitemia level discriminated was 0.0078% (or, equivalently 390 parasites/μl), which closely approaches the international standard set to 200 parasites/μl. Finally, we also show the frequency dependency of ring-synchronized and unsynchronized blood samples, which can constitute the basis for development of a point-of-care and laboratory-free method to distinguish different stages of malaria infection in economic stagnated communities.
Collapse
|