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Williams D, Skuce P, Stubbings L. Treatment of rumen fluke in cattle and sheep. Vet Rec 2023; 193:209-210. [PMID: 37681623 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
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Francis EK, Šlapeta J. Refugia or reservoir? Feral goats and their role in the maintenance and circulation of benzimidazole-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes on shared pastures. Parasitology 2023; 150:672-682. [PMID: 37165895 PMCID: PMC10410396 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes threaten the productivity of grazing livestock and anthelmintic resistance has emerged globally. It is broadly understood that wild ruminants living in sympatry with livestock act as a positive source of refugia for anthelmintic-susceptible nematodes. However, they might also act as reservoirs of anthelmintic-resistant nematodes, contributing to the spread of anthelmintic resistance at a regional scale. Here, we sampled managed sheep and cattle together with feral goats within the same property in New South Wales, Australia. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) nemabiome metabarcoding identified 12 gastrointestinal nematodes (Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, Haemonchus contortus, Haemonchus placei, Nematodirus spathiger, Ostertagia ostertagi, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus rugatus). Isotype-1 β-tubulin metabarcoding targeting benzimidazole resistance polymorphisms identified 6 of these nematode species (C. oncophora, C. punctata, H. contortus, H. placei, O. ostertagi and T. circumcincta), with the remaining 3 genera unable to be identified to the species level (Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus). Both ITS-2 and β-tubulin metabarcoding showed the presence of a cryptic species of T. circumcincta, known from domestic goats in France. Of the gastrointestinal nematodes detected via β-tubulin metabarcoding, H. contortus, T. circumcincta, Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus exhibited the presence of at least one resistance genotype. We found that generalist gastrointestinal nematodes in untreated feral goats had a similarly high frequency of the benzimidazole-resistant F200Y polymorphism as those nematodes in sheep and cattle. This suggests cross-transmission and maintenance of the resistant genotype within the wild ruminant population, affirming that wild ruminants should be considered potential reservoirs of anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kate Francis
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jan Šlapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Showler AT, Harlien JL. Lethal Effects of Commercial Kaolin Dust and Silica Aerogel Dust With and Without Botanical Compounds on Horn Fly Eggs, Larvae, Pupae, and Adults in the Laboratory. J Med Entomol 2022; 59:283-290. [PMID: 34401921 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is an important bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle throughout much of the world. The fly is mostly controlled using conventional synthetic insecticides but as concerns about resistance increase, alternative tactics have come under heightened scrutiny. Four desiccant dust products: Surround WP, a kaolin clay-based wettable powder; CimeXa, comprised of silica aerogel; Drione, silica aerogel + pyrethrins; and EcoVia, silica aerogel + thyme oil, were assessed for their lethal effects against horn fly eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults, under laboratory conditions. Although Surround WP and CimeXa did not prevent egg hatching and (when mixed with manure substrate) pupal development, the two products were associated with moderate reductions of emerged adults, and with complete adult contact mortality within 6 hr and 24 hr, respectively. Drione and EcoVia eliminated egg hatching, pupal development, and adults within 15 min to 1 hr, respectively, whether the flies were exposed to treated filter paper substrate or exposed by immersion in the dusts. Implications for horn fly control and advantages of inert desiccant dust formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan T Showler
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Jessica L Harlien
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX, USA
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Tam CC, Nguyen K, Nguyen D, Hamada S, Kwon O, Kuang I, Gong S, Escobar S, Liu M, Kim J, Hou T, Tam J, Cheng LW, Kim JH, Land KM, Friedman M. Antimicrobial properties of tomato leaves, stems, and fruit and their relationship to chemical composition. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:229. [PMID: 34517859 PMCID: PMC8436577 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that the tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine inhibited the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis strain G3, Tritrichomonas foetus strain D1, and Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that cause disease in humans and farm and domesticated animals. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance requires development of new tools to enhance or replace medicinal antibiotics. METHODS Wild tomato plants were harvested and divided into leaves, stems, and fruit of different colors: green, yellow, and red. Samples were freeze dried and ground with a handheld mill. The resulting powders were evaluated for their potential anti-microbial effects on protozoan parasites, bacteria, and fungi. A concentration of 0.02% (w/v) was used for the inhibition of protozoan parasites. A high concentration of 10% (w/v) solution was tested for bacteria and fungi as an initial screen to evaluate potential anti-microbial activity and results using this high concentration limits its clinical relevance. RESULTS Natural powders derived from various parts of tomato plants were all effective in inhibiting the growth of the three trichomonads to varying degrees. Test samples from leaves, stems, and immature 'green' tomato peels and fruit, all containing tomatine, were more effective as an inhibitor of the D1 strain than those prepared from yellow and red tomato peels which lack tomatine. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin glycosides were present in all parts of the plant and fruit, while caffeic acid was only found in the fruit peels. Any correlation between plant components and inhibition of the G3 and C1 strains was not apparent, although all the powders were variably effective. Tomato leaf was the most effective powder in all strains, and was also the highest in tomatine. S. enterica showed a minor susceptibility while B. cereus and C. albicans fungi both showed a significant growth inhibition with some of the test powders. The powders inhibited growth of the pathogens without affecting beneficial lactobacilli found in the normal flora of the vagina. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that powders prepared from tomato leaves, stems, and green tomato peels and to a lesser extent from peels from yellow and red tomatoes offer potential multiple health benefits against infections caused by pathogenic protozoa, bacteria, and fungi, without affecting beneficial lactobacilli that also reside in the normal flora of the vagina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Tam
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Sabrina Hamada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Okhun Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Irene Kuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Steven Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Sydney Escobar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Max Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Tiffany Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Justin Tam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Luisa W Cheng
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Jong H Kim
- Foodborne Toxin Detection and Prevention Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Kirkwood M Land
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, 95211, USA
| | - Mendel Friedman
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA.
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Ng-Nguyen D, Van Nguyen T, Van Nguyen T, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen VAT. Prevalence and risk factors of Taenia hydatigena in dogs, pigs, and cattle in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3245-3253. [PMID: 34386855 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Taenia hydatigena is a globally distributed canine tapeworm. The canine tapeworm results in economic impacts for farmers owing to organ condemnation. T. hydatigena utilizes dogs and other carnivores as definitive hosts while swine and ruminants serve as intermediate hosts. T. hydatigena is endemic in Vietnam; however, information on the prevalence and risk factors associated with infection is scarce. This cross-sectional study aims to identify the prevalence of T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs and T. hydatigena cysticercosis in pigs and cattle. The risk factors associated with taeniasis in dogs were identified using a fixed effects logistic regression model and quantified using population attributable fractions. The prevalence of T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs and T. hydatigena cysticercosis in pigs and cattle was 10.31% (95% CI 8.21 to 12.84%), 7.60% (95% CI 6.34 to 9.08%), and 11.11% (95% CI 7.63 to 11.81%), respectively; these levels were lower than those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The population attributable fraction of risk factors associated with T. hydatigena taeniasis in dogs for dogs living in proximity of an abattoir, those having access to raw pork or beef viscera, and those living in multi-dog households were 80%, 19%, and 7%, respectively. This current study identified and quantified the risk factors for taeniasis in dogs thus advocating for targeted community intervention programs to break the lifecycle of T. hydatigena in Dak Lak province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Ng-Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam.
| | - Thai Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Trong Van Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Quoc Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam
| | - Van-Anh Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam
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Showler AT, Pérez de León A, Saelao P. Biosurveillance and Research Needs Involving Area-Wide Systematic Active Sampling to Enhance Integrated Cattle Fever Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Eradication. J Med Entomol 2021; 58:1601-1609. [PMID: 33822110 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The one-host cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (Say), and southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), are important ectoparasitic pests of cattle, Bos taurus L., mostly for transmitting the causal agents of bovine babesiosis. Bovine babesiosis inflicted substantial cattle production losses in the United States before the vectors were eliminated by 1943, with the exception of a Permanent Quarantine Zone in South Texas, a buffer along the Mexico border where the invasive ixodids remain. As suitable hosts, infested white-tailed deer and nilgai antelope populations disperse R. annulatus and R. microplus, which increases the risk for emergence of bovine babesiosis in the United States. A R. microplus incursion first detected in 2016 on the South Texas coastal plain wildlife corridor involved infestations on cattle, nilgai antelope, white-tailed deer, and vegetation. Efforts at passive sampling of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. on hosts are concentrated in the Permanent Quarantine Zone. Hence, a knowledge gap exists on the full extent of the recent incursions. Area-wide, systematic, active sampling and supportive research, involving the Permanent Quarantine Zone, Temporary Quarantine Zone, most of the coastal plain, and other parts of Texas outside of the quarantine zones, are needed to bridge the knowledge gap. Herein, we provide research perspectives and rationale to develop and implement systematic active sampling that will provide an increasingly accurate assessment of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. distribution in Texas. We suggest that this is essential to advance integrated vector-borne animal disease eradication approaches for keeping cattle free of bovine babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan T Showler
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
| | - Adalberto Pérez de León
- USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA
| | - Perot Saelao
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
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Atuhaire DK, Muleya W, Mbao V, Niyongabo J, Nyabongo L, Nsanganiyumwami D, Salt J, Namangala B, Musoke AJ. Molecular characterization and population genetics of Theileria parva in Burundi's unvaccinated cattle: Towards the introduction of East Coast fever vaccine. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251500. [PMID: 33999934 PMCID: PMC8128232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theileria parva (T. parva) is a protozoan parasite that causes East Coast fever (ECF). The disease is endemic in Burundi and is a major constraint to livestock development. In this study, the parasite prevalence in cattle in six regions namely; Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western, Central and North Eastern was estimated. Furthermore, the sequence diversity of p67, Tp1 and Tp2 genes was assessed coupled with the population genetic structure of T. parva using five satellite markers. The prevalence of ECF was 30% (332/1109) on microscopy, 60% (860/1431) on ELISA and 79% (158/200) on p104 gene PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of p67 gene revealed that only allele 1 was present in the field samples. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of Tp1 and Tp2 showed that the majority of samples clustered with Muguga, Kiambu and Serengeti and shared similar epitopes. On the other hand, genetic analysis revealed that field samples shared only two alleles with Muguga Cocktail. The populations from the different regions indicated low genetic differentiation (FST = 0.047) coupled with linkage disequilibrium and non-panmixia. A low to moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.065) was also observed between samples and Muguga cocktail. In conclusion, the data presented revealed the presence of a parasite population that shared similar epitopes with Muguga Cocktail and was moderately genetically differentiated from it. Thus, use of Muguga Cocktail vaccine in Burundi is likely to confer protection against T. parva in field challenge trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Muleya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Mbao
- International Development Research Centre, Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Niyongabo
- National Veterinary Research Laboratory, Directorate of Animal Health, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Lionel Nyabongo
- National Veterinary Research Laboratory, Directorate of Animal Health, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Jeremy Salt
- Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Boniface Namangala
- Department of Paraclinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Mignotte A, Garros C, Dellicour S, Jacquot M, Gilbert M, Gardès L, Balenghien T, Duhayon M, Rakotoarivony I, de Wavrechin M, Huber K. High dispersal capacity of Culicoides obsoletus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), vector of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, revealed by landscape genetic analyses. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:93. [PMID: 33536057 PMCID: PMC7860033 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last two decades, recurrent epizootics of bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus have been reported in the western Palearctic region. These viruses affect domestic cattle, sheep, goats and wild ruminants and are transmitted by native hematophagous midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Culicoides dispersal is known to be stratified, i.e. due to a combination of dispersal processes occurring actively at short distances and passively or semi-actively at long distances, allowing individuals to jump hundreds of kilometers. METHODS Here, we aim to identify the environmental factors that promote or limit gene flow of Culicoides obsoletus, an abundant and widespread vector species in Europe, using an innovative framework integrating spatial, population genetics and statistical approaches. A total of 348 individuals were sampled in 46 sites in France and were genotyped using 13 newly designed microsatellite markers. RESULTS We found low genetic differentiation and a weak population structure for C. obsoletus across the country. Using three complementary inter-individual genetic distances, we did not detect any significant isolation by distance, but did detect significant anisotropic isolation by distance on a north-south axis. We employed a multiple regression on distance matrices approach to investigate the correlation between genetic and environmental distances. Among all the environmental factors that were tested, only cattle density seems to have an impact on C. obsoletus gene flow. CONCLUSIONS The high dispersal capacity of C. obsoletus over land found in the present study calls for a re-evaluation of the impact of Culicoides on virus dispersal, and highlights the urgent need to better integrate molecular, spatial and statistical information to guide vector-borne disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Mignotte
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Garros
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50, av. FD Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maude Jacquot
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50, av. FD Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- UMR EPIA, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP160/12, 50, av. FD Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Gardès
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe France
| | - Thomas Balenghien
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 10100 Rabat, Morocco
- Unité Microbiologie, immunologie et maladies contagieuses, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, 10100 Rabat-Instituts, Morocco
| | - Maxime Duhayon
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Ignace Rakotoarivony
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Maïa de Wavrechin
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- Cirad, UMR ASTRE, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Huber
- ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, Cirad, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Wu Y, Chen Y, Chang Y, Zhang X, Li D, Wang L, Zheng S, Wang R, Zhang S, Li J, Zhang L. Genotyping and identification of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi from free-range Tibetan yellow cattle and cattle-yak in Tibet, China. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105671. [PMID: 32822671 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in natural grazing local breed cattle, 513 fecal samples from Tibetan yellow cattle and cattle-yaks were tested for these pathogens. Cryptosporidium, G. duodenalis and E. bieneusi in Tibetan yellow cattle prevalence were 0.7% (3/442), 3.8% (17/442) and 2.5% (11/442), respectively. Cryptosporidium bovis (n = 3), G. duodenalis assemblages A (n = 2) and E (n = 15) were identified based on sequence analysis. Among three E. bieneusi genotypes, I (n = 7), EbpC (n = 2) and CHC8 (n = 2) detected, EbpC was classified into Group 1, which has a significant zoonotic importance, whereas genotypes I and CHC8 belonged to Group 2. None of these pathogens was identified in cattle-yaks. The presence of zoonotic C. bovis, assemblage A and EbpC indicates Tibetan yellow cattle may be a potential spread source of intestinal pathogens with a zoonotic transmission risk. The relationships between natural free-range mode and the prevalence or genetic diversity of these pathogens need be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yuancai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yankai Chang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Dongfang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Shuangjian Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China; Laboratory of Detection and Monitoring of Highland Animal Disease, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, 860000, Tibet, China.
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan Province, China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases of Henan, No. 15 Longzihu University Area, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Ahmad I, Yakubu Y, Chafe UM, Bolajoko BM, Muhammad U. Prevalence of fasciolosis (Liver flukes) infection in cattle in Zamfara, Nigeria: A slaughterhouse surveillance data utilizing postmortem examination. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2020; 22:100483. [PMID: 33308732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2020.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine fasciolosis, caused by Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica) and rarely F. hepatica, is an economically important disease affecting cattle in tropical Africa. The aims of this study were to determine a year prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and correlate determinants of infection in slaughtered cattle at the municipal abattoir in Zamfara, Nigeria. Fasciola gigantica was detected in 15% (1740/11,562) cattle slaughtered during a daily postmortem examination (PME) between November 2016 and October 2017. This approach demonstrated an increase risk of liver fluke infection in older cattle (p = 0.001, AOR = 1.476, 95% CI: 1.188-1.832) and during rainfall (p = 0.003, AOR = 1.604, 95% CI: 1.176-2.187). Liver condemnation had been significantly found in hot-dry season (p ≤0.001, AOR = 0.518, 95% CI: 0.417-0.643) and adult cattle (p = 0.003, AOR = 1.726, 95% CI: 0.586-0.899). This study is an account of bovine fasciolosis prevalence and infection dynamics in part of the northwest region of Nigeria, which provides preliminary information for further studies to guide the design of appropriate control steps to lower the impact of the disease and safeguard public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ahmad
- Directorate of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria.
| | - Yusuf Yakubu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Umar Mohammed Chafe
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Bashir Muhammad Bolajoko
- Department of Epidemiology, Central Diagnostics Laboratory, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Umar Muhammad
- Directorate of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
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11
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Mahajan V, Banga HS, Filia G. Patho-epidemiological and risk factor studies for detection of Neospora-associated abortion in cattle and buffaloes in Punjab, India. REV SCI TECH OIE 2020; 38:801-808. [PMID: 32286566 DOI: 10.20506/rst.38.3.3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of abortion in livestock is difficult. In this paper, Neospora caninumassociated abortion in cattle and buffaloes in India is reported for the first time. A total of 184 animals (cattle, n = 133; water buffaloes, n = 51) were randomly selected for seroprevalence studies from 28 farms with a history of abortion. Antibodies to N. caninum were detected using a commercial competitive enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA); the percentage seropositivity was 10.5% for cattle and 21.6% for buffaloes. Risk factors such as species, i.e. buffaloes in comparison to cattle (odds ratio [OR] = 2.33, calculated probability [p] = 0.05), disposal of foetus and foetal membranes by throwing them into the field, in comparison with burning/burial (OR = 2.63, p = 0.03), and origin of the animal, i.e. purchased from outside in comparison to born on the farm (OR = 4.69, p = 0.002), were significantly associated with N. caninum seropositivity in univariate logistic regression. In multivariate analysis, only two risk factors, animal purchased from outside (OR = 6.15, p = 0.001) and buffaloes (OR = 3.20, p = 0.01), were significantly associated with Neospora seropositivity at a p-value < 0.05. Histopathological examination of aborted foetal tissues (cattle, n = 13; buffaloes, n = 8) revealed N. caninum tachyzoites in the heart and liver of three foetuses, and the diagnosis was confirmed by positive immunoreactivity to anti-N. caninum polyclonal antibody in the placenta of one foetus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of confirmed neosporosis abortion in cattle and buffaloes in India.
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Giglioti R, de Oliveira HN, Gutmanis G, Luciani GF, Azevedo BT, de Carvalho Fiorin CF, de Andrade MF, Silva MAF, Vercesi Filho AE, Katiki LM, Okino CH, de Sena Oliveira MC, Veríssimo CJ. Correlations and repeatability between Babesia spp. infection levels using two dairy cattle breeding systems. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:599-607. [PMID: 32676999 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina are tick-transmitted piroplasms that cause severe damage to the livestock industry in tropical regions of the world. Recent studies demonstrated differences in infection levels of these haemoparasites among bovine breeds and variation between individual cows regarding resistance to these diseases. This study aimed to estimate the repeatability and correlations between B. bovis and B. bigemina using two cattle breeding systems, an individual system (IS) and a collective paddock system (CPS). All animals were Holstein breed, and the levels of B. bovis and B. bigemina in blood samples were estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The estimated correlations for the B. bigemina and B. bovis DNA copy number for IS and CPS were moderate and high, respectively, whereas repeatability estimates for both systems and both Babesia species were moderate. Although we cannot infer that the type of rearing system directly influenced the correlation and repeatability coefficients, it appears that the bovine parasitemia burden may be dependent on (or determine) the parasitemia burden on ticks because the bovines remained in the same place for a longer time in both systems. Thus, the babesiosis infection levels of the ticks may have been uniform, a phenomenon that also ensures greater uniformity in cattle infection. This factor may have favored the occurrence of infected ticks leading to higher repeatability estimates and correlations. Our study confirms high variability in resistance/susceptibility between breeds, and the high correlations found may be linked to this characteristic and the most intensive breeding type of dairy cattle. Besides, under the present study conditions, the estimated correlations suggest that measuring an infection level of one Babesia species can predict the level of infection of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Giglioti
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil.
| | | | - Gunta Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Tainá Azevedo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Morita Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cecília José Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia, Rua Heitor Penteado, n. 56, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, 13380 011, Brazil
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Cicculli V, DeCarreaux D, Ayhan N, Casabianca F, de Lamballerie X, Charrel R, Falchi A. Molecular screening of Anaplasmataceae in ticks collected from cattle in Corsica, France. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 81:561-574. [PMID: 32728778 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00527-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae cause infections in humans and domestic animals. The consequences of infection can be significant economic losses for farmers. To better understand the epidemiology of tick-borne Anaplasmataceae in Corsica, we used molecular methods to detect and characterize Anaplasmataceae in ixodid ticks collected from cattle. Anaplasmataceae were detected by using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 23S rRNA gene. Partial sequencing of rpoB and groEL allowed identifying species and conducting phylogenetic analyses. Infection rates were calculated using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 597 Rhipicephalus bursa, 216 Hyalomma marginatum, and seven Ixodes ricinus were collected from cattle during July-August 2017 and July-December 2018. Overall, Anaplasmataceae DNA was detected in 15 of 255 tick pools (MLE = 1.7%; 95% CI 0.9-2.7%). The molecular analysis revealed two species within the genus Anaplasma: A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum. We also detected bacteria within the genus Ehrlichia: we confirmed the detection of E. minasensis DNA in H. marginatum and R. bursa tick pools collected from cattle in Corsica and detected, for the first time to our knowledge, Candidatus E. urmitei in Corsican R. bursa ticks and a potential new species, Candidatus E. corsicanum. Further studies are needed to ascertain the pathogenesis and zoonotic potential of the strains and their importance for animals and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cicculli
- Laboratoire de Virologie, EA7310, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250, Corte, France
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000, Marseille, France
| | - Dorine DeCarreaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie, EA7310, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- Laboratoire de Virologie, EA7310, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250, Corte, France
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000, Marseille, France
| | - François Casabianca
- UR045 Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Élevage, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Corte, France
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000, Marseille, France
| | - Remi Charrel
- Unité Des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), 13000, Marseille, France
| | - Alessandra Falchi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, EA7310, Université de Corse-Inserm, 20250, Corte, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie, EA7310 BIOSCOPE, Campus Grimaldi, Bat PPDB RDC, Université de Corse, 20250, Corte, France.
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14
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Lam HYP, Chen TTW, Tseng YC, Chang KC, Yang TH, Peng SY. Detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from cattle and pigs in Hualien country, Eastern Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020; 54:718-727. [PMID: 32505531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic protozoan parasite causing diarrhea through waterborne or fecal-oral infection. The cysts can live in the drinking water and cause pandemic diseases. In Taiwan, very little information is available regarding the epidemiology of G. duodenalis in domestic animals. METHODS Fecal samples were collected from cattle (n = 156) and pigs (n = 141) in Hualien country, eastern Taiwan. Detection and genotyping were done by microscopy examination of fecal samples and amplification of the β-giardin gene using nested PCR. RESULTS The prevalence of G. duodenalis infection was 19.87% for cattle (31/156) and 4.26% for pigs (6/141). Using nested PCR, 30 infected samples found in cattle belonged to Assemblage E, and one sample belonged to Assemblage D. For pigs, four samples belonged to Assemblage E, one belonged to Assemblage D, and another one belonged to Assemblage A. In addition, these results showed that G. duodenalis Assemblage A was detected in pigs and may cause zoonotic transmission. CONCLUSION This is the first epidemiological investigation of G. duodenalis infection in animals in Hualien, Taiwan. These results could provide epidemiological information for disease control and public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yin Pekkle Lam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Tina Tu-Wen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Tseng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2 Yu-Der Rd, North District, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
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15
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Jia L, Zhao S, Xie S, Li H, Wang H, Zhang S. Molecular prevalence of Theileria infections in cattle in Yanbian, north-eastern China. Parasite 2020; 27:19. [PMID: 32223884 PMCID: PMC7104619 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Theileria are tick-borne protozoan parasites that invade bovine erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Three main bovine Theileria species have been identified in China: T. orientalis, T. sinensis, and T. annulata. To examine the prevalence of bovine theileriosis in Yanbian, a total of 584 bovine blood samples were collected from five localities from 2017 to 2019 and analyzed by PCR. Six pairs of oligonucleotide primers directed against the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria spp., Tams-1 gene of T. annulata, MPSP gene of T. orientalis, and T. sinensis, were used to detect these parasites. A sequence analysis of the amplified genes confirmed that the Theileria species were T. orientalis and T. sinensis, without T. annulata. The overall prevalence of Theileria in cattle was 42.81% (250/584). Out of the 584 samples, 159 (27.23%) and 157 (26.88%) were positive for T. sinensis and T. orientalis, respectively, and the mixed infection rate was 11.30% (66/584). The total prevalence of bovine Theileria species in Helong, Hunchun, Longjing, Yanji, and Dunhua was 66.28%, 49.68%, 23.81%, 28.15%, and 0%, respectively. These results provide epidemiological data for the prevention and control of bovine Theileria species in Yanbian, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Jia
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
| | - Shaowei Zhao
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
| | - Suzhu Xie
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
| | - Hang Li
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
| | - Hao Wang
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
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Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agriculture College of Yanbian University No. 977 Park Road 133000 Yanji PR China
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16
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Otgonsuren D, Sivakumar T, Amgalanbaatar T, Enkhtaivan B, Narantsatsral S, Tuvshintulga B, Zoljargal M, Munkhgerel D, Davkharbayar B, Baatarjargal P, Davaasuren B, Myagmarsuren P, Battsetseg B, Battur B, Yokoyama N. Molecular epidemiological survey of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia sp. Mymensingh infections in Mongolian cattle. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102107. [PMID: 32205192 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia species is an economically significant disease of cattle. Severe clinical babesiosis in cattle is caused by Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and the recently discovered Babesia sp. Mymensingh. Mongolia is an agricultural country with a large cattle inventory. Although previous studies have detected active infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina in Mongolian cattle, only a few provinces were surveyed. Additionally, the endemicity of Babesia sp. Mymensingh in Mongolia remains unknown. We screened blood DNA samples from 725 cattle reared in 16 of the 21 Mongolian provinces using B. bovis-, B. bigemina-, and Babesia. sp. Mymensingh-specific PCR assays. The overall positive rates of B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Babesia sp. Mymensingh were 27.9% (n = 202), 23.6% (n = 171), and 5.4% (n = 39), respectively. B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in cattle in all surveyed provinces; whereas Babesia sp. Mymensingh was detected in 11 of the 16 surveyed provinces. On a per province basis, the B. bovis- B. bigemina-, and Babesia sp. Mymensingh-positive rates were 5.9-52.0%, 9.1-76.3%, and 0-35.7%, respectively. In conclusion, this is the first report of Babesia sp. Mymensingh in Mongolia. In addition, we found that species of Babesia that are capable of causing bovine clinical babesiosis, including B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Babesia sp. Mymensingh, are widespread throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaajav Otgonsuren
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tovuu Amgalanbaatar
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batsaikhan Enkhtaivan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Sandagdorj Narantsatsral
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bumduuren Tuvshintulga
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Myagmar Zoljargal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Dalantai Munkhgerel
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batbold Davkharbayar
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Purevdorj Baatarjargal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Batdorj Davaasuren
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Punsantsogvoo Myagmarsuren
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Badgar Battsetseg
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Banzragch Battur
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan; OIE Reference Laboratory for Bovine Babesiosis and Equine Piroplasmosis, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
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17
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Zhao T, Gong H, Shen X, Zhang W, Shan T, Yu X, Wang SJ, Cui L. Comparison of Viromes in Ticks from Different Domestic Animals in China. Virol Sin 2020; 35:398-406. [PMID: 32157603 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are involved in the transmission of various arboviruses and some tick-borne viruses pose significant threats to the health of humans or livestock. This study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of tick species and tick-associated viruses in central and eastern China. Total 573 ticks from domestic animals including dogs, sheep and cattle were collected in 2017. Two genera of ticks were identified including Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis. Sequencing was performed on Miseq Illumina platform to characterize the tick viromes from the four different sampling locations. Following trimming, 13,640 reads were obtained and annotated to 19 virus families. From these sequences, above 37.74% of the viral reads were related to the RNA viruses. Virome comparison study revealed that the tick viral diversity was considerably different in the two identified tick genera. The viral diversity of R. microplus was significantly different from that of other Rhipicephalus species. On the other hand, substantial overlap in viral species was observed between the same genera. In addition, we found no evidence that the natural host played a major role in shaping virus diversity based on the comparison of their viromes. Rather, the geographic location seems to significantly influence the viral families. Phylogenetic study indicated that the novel negative-sense RNA viruses identified in this study was closely related to Bole tick virus 1 and 3 viruses. In conclusion, the present study provides a baseline for comparing viruses detected in ticks, according to species, natural hosts, and geographic locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaojuan Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 2012013, China
| | - Tongling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiangqian Yu
- Shanghai Pudong New District Center for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Seong Jin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Kamaruddin SK, Mat Yusof A, Mohammad M. Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. in cattle from Pahang, Malaysia. Trop Biomed 2020; 37:127-141. [PMID: 33612724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blastocystis sp. is a common enteric protozoan parasite found in humans and various type of animal worldwide. Recently, genotypic distribution of Blastocystis sp. was revealed in insects, rodents, avian and mammals, which exposed its potential of transmiting the infections to human. However, very little information on current level of Blastocystis sp. infection were reported in cattle from Malaysia. Herein, a total of 120 stool samples of cattles were collected. While the potential risk of infection such as age, gender, body score, diarrheic condition of the cattle were noted, the management of the farms was also recorded. All stool sample were cultured, but 80 samples were selected for PCR sequencing analysis. The cultivation and microscopic examination revealed only 25% of the cattle (30/120) were infected with Blastocystis sp.. But, 43.8% of the cattle (35/80) were found positive upon PCR sequencing. The study also found that age, body score condition, diarrheic condition and certain farm were associated with the infection (p<0.05). Six subtypes (STs) that were discovered during the study were ST10 (21.3%;17/35), ST5 (8.8%;7/35), ST3 (7.5%;6/35), ST1 (2.5%;2/35), ST4 (2.5%;2/35) and ST14 (1.3%;1/35). Thus, moderate infections of Blastocystis sp. and variants in the genotypic distributions of the cattle suggest its potential for zoonotic transmission. Therefore, this findings could be helpful for further understanding the parasite, which assist studies of its pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kamaruddin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - A Mat Yusof
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Nursing, Kuliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - M Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kuliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
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Tafur-Gómez GA, Patarroyo Salcedo JH, Vargas MI, Araújo L, Fidelis CF, Prates-Patarroyo PA, Cortes-Vecino JA, Portela RW. Intestinal changes and performance parameters in ticks feeding on calves immunized with subunits of immunogens against Rhipicephalus microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 2020; 80:91-107. [PMID: 31845063 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the intestinal changes and biological parameters of the tick species Rhipicephalus microplus exposed to the immune response of calves vaccinated with two subunits of immunogens. The first group of Bos taurus calves was immunized with a synthetic peptide (SBm7462), whereas the second group received an inoculum for synthetic control. The third group was immunized with a recombinant peptide (rSBm7462); an inoculum was injected into a fourth group of calves for recombinant control. Each formulation was administered to these calves during three times at intervals of 30 days. At 21 days after the last immunization, the calves were challenged using a total of 4500 larvae per animal. Indirect ELISA was realized to identify the kinetics of IgGs from samples of calves studied. Naturally detaching ticks were collected for analyses of biological performance and histological changes in the midgut. We dissected randomly detached ticks. The midgut of each of these ticks was removed and processed routinely for histology, stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and slow Giemsa. Slides were also subjected to immunohistochemistry. The antibody response showed significant induction of high-affinity IgGs in calves immunized with both peptides in comparison to calves of the control groups. Histological changes included damage of the intestinal epithelium in ticks fed on immunized hosts and intense immunostaining in midgut cells, using the serum of calves immunized with recombinant peptide. There were significant differences in all biological performing parameters of ticks detached from vaccinated calves in comparison with ticks of the control groups. We identified reductions of 87.7 and 93.5% in engorged ticks detached from calves immunized with a synthetic and recombinant peptides, respectively, a 28 and 8.60% lower egg mass in groups immunized with synthetic and recombinant peptides, respectively, and a 38.4% reduction of the value of nutrient index/tick in the group immunized with the recombinant peptide. Our findings show that the immune response induced by small peptides in cattle can modify the digestion and metabolism of ticks fed on vaccinated animals, resulting in changes in tick performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín H Patarroyo Salcedo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-900, Brasil.
| | - Marlene I Vargas
- Departamento de Veterinária, Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Leandro Araújo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Cintia F Fidelis
- Departamento de Veterinária, Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Pablo A Prates-Patarroyo
- Departamento de Veterinária, Laboratório de Biologia e Controle de Hematozoários e Vetores, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-900, Brasil
| | - Jesus A Cortes-Vecino
- Laboratorio de Parasitología Veterinaria, Departamento de Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 11001, Colombia
| | - Ricardo W Portela
- Departamento de Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, BA, CEP 40110-903, Brasil
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Zając Z, Woźniak A, Kulisz J. Infestation of dairy cows by ticks Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) and Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) in eastern Poland. Ann Parasitol 2020; 66:87–96. [PMID: 32198999 DOI: 10.17420/ap6601.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus are widely distributed tick species in Europe. The main hosts for immature stadia of these ticks are small rodents, mostly the genera Apodemus and Microtus, whereas for adult specimens – wild ungulates. These species of ticks are also found on companion and breeding animals including dairy cows. Researches were conducted in the eastern Poland from 2013 to 2014. During consecutive days bodies of cows grazing on the pasture were surveyed and all ticks were collected. Simultaneously ticks were collected from plants with flagging method. Significant preponderance of ornate cow ticks over bean castor ticks infesting cows was observed. The most frequent spot of the tick location on cows’ bodies was neck. Statistically a significant impact of air temperature and humidity on the risk of tick’s attacks on cattle grazing in open countryside and lack of difference between number of ticks collected from animals and plants had been confirmed. Dairy cows could be considered as one of the preferred hosts for adult specimens of D. reticulatus. Grazing of dairy cows in the area of ticks’ occurrence causes risk of tick infestation and possible tick-borne pathogen transmission and progression of vector-borne disease. In human case TBE (tick-borne encephalitis) could be transmitted by ingestion of infected milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Zając
- Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aneta Woźniak
- Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kulisz
- Chair and Department of Biology and Parasitology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Calvano MPCA, Brumatti RC, Garcia MV, Barros JC, Andreotti R. Economic efficiency of Rhipicephalus microplus control and effect on beef cattle performance in the Brazilian Cerrado. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:459-471. [PMID: 31786686 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus causes significant economic losses to cattle production systems and is a main barrier to the introduction of Bos taurus breeds and their crosses in Brazil. These breeds have the genetic potential to generate animals that are more productive, but they are also more susceptible to R. microplus. One of the alternatives for conventional tick control is the use of strategic control, aiming at delaying or even preventing the development of its resistance to acaricides. The present study aimed to evaluate the economic losses caused by tick infestation on the productive performance of two breeds of beef cattle and to evaluate the economic efficiency of tick strategic control and its impacts on beef cattle production systems. Animal weights were obtained from the literature and were used to calculate the weight loss in kilograms (kg) and the economic loss (US$) caused by R. microplus infestation. The cost/loss ratio of performing strategic control was also calculated. The data show that tick infestation causes economic losses to the breeds and groups of animals evaluated and reduces animal performance (weight loss). The results show a loss of US$34.61/animal in the backgrounding phase and US$7.97/animal in the finishing phase for Brangus animals and its crosses. In conclusion, the data show that strategic control is economically efficient for Brangus animals in the backgrounding phase, independent of the methods used for acaricide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Cavuto Abrão Calvano
- Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UFMS - Univ. Federal Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Valério Garcia
- Bolsista DCR, Fundect - Governo do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia do Carrapato, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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El Ashmawy WR, Williams DR, Gerry AC, Champagne JD, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Risk factors affecting dairy cattle protective grouping behavior, commonly known as bunching, against Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) on California dairies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224987. [PMID: 31697765 PMCID: PMC6837549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bunching is the term used to describe the protective aggregating behavior of cattle against the painful bites of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), where cattle gather in a group with their heads to the center of the group and their tails to the outside to reduce stable fly attack. Both sexes of the stable fly feed on blood, and their painful bites negatively impact cattle health, productivity and welfare. A longitudinal study was conducted from April to July 2017 to estimate the stable fly activity on 20 California dairies (average herd size = 2466 ± 1050), to determine stable fly activity that induced bunching, and to evaluate the association between management and environmental factors, and cattle bunching. Stable fly activity was recorded weekly using trap counts and leg counts. Data was analyzed using linear mixed models with odds ratio. Cattle bunching at the dairy level was predicted by mean trap counts of ≥150 flies/trap/week, while bunching at the pen level was predicted by mean leg counts >1 fly/leg/cow or mean trap counts >50 flies/trap/week for traps closest to the pen. Additional risk factors predicting cattle bunching at the dairy level were study week (May/June vs July), presence of crops adjacent to dairy >2 sides, and feeding wet distillers grain. Additional risk factors predicting cattle bunching at the pen level were study week (May/June vs July), ambient temperature ≤30°C, pen design (freestall vs open dry lot or bedded pack), production status (lactating/dry vs close-up), presence of crops surrounding cattle pens, feeding rations containing molasses. Cattle bunching was reduced at the pen level by relative humidity >50%, and when the cattle pen was surrounded by other cattle pens or was bordered by a main road. At the dairy level, removal of manure along fence lines of cattle pens was protective against cattle bunching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy R. El Ashmawy
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, California, United States of America
| | - Alec C. Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - John D. Champagne
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, California, United States of America
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, California, United States of America
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, California, United States of America
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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González Castillo C, Ortuño Sahagún D, Martínez Velázquez M. Expression dynamics of autophagy-related genes in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus during embryonic development and under increasing larval starvation. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:255-266. [PMID: 31659545 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is a hematophagous ectoparasite that significantly affects parasitized cattle. As a one-host tick its entire life cycle consists of free-living and parasitic forms. Its extraordinary ability to survive during prolonged off-host periods has been related to the process of cytoplasmic degradation called autophagy. In order to deepen our understanding of this process during R. microplus non-parasitic stages, we determined the expression dynamics of a set of five autophagy-related genes (ATG genes) during embryonic development and over an increasing larval starvation period of 50 days. We found two apparent successive waves of ATG genes transcriptional activation, which paralleled key embryonic changes such as cellularization and organogenesis, as well as nutrient utilization. Moreover, during increasing larval starvation, ATG genes were up-regulated cyclically every 10-15 days. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy is playing a major role in embryo development and energy metabolism during starvation in R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia González Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño Sahagún
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Col. Independencia, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Moisés Martínez Velázquez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, AC, Av. Normalistas 800, Col. Colinas de la Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Nava S, Rossner MV, Ballent M, Mangold AJ, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Relationship between pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (3.15%) and its efficacy to control the infestation with the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:81-86. [PMID: 30981310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the variation in plasma concentration of ivermectin 3.15% over time and its efficacy against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In addition, a trial was conducted to infer if the application of successive treatments with ivermectin 3.15% could affect its accumulation in cattle. A noticeable variation of ivermectin plasma concentration was observed among the treated heifers. However, these differences did not have a significant effect onthe therapeutic efficacy of the treatment at the end of the trial. No significant differences were observed in the levels of tick infestations between heifers of the treated group; moreover, no significant correlation was detected between the plasma AUC0-21 of ivermectin 3.15% and the cumulative number of ticks of each heifer. Levels of therapeutic efficacy higher than 80% were observed only from day 7 post-treatment, when levels of ivermectin concentration were higher than 8 ng/ml. The lowest values of therapeutic efficacy were observed during the first and the second days post-treatment, when plasma concentrations of ivermectin 3.15% were lower than 8 ng/ml. Viable engorged females were collected from the heifers belonging to the treated group from days 1-5 post-treatment. There was a significant accumulation of the drug after the second dose of ivermectin 3.15%. Ivermectin concentrations in fat biopsies were 366 ng/g (51 days after the first treatment), 275 ng/g (51 days after the second treatment) and 15 ng/g (64 days after the second treatment). These results suggest that applications of successive treatments with ivermectin 3.15% might increase its accumulation in cattle tissues, extending the withdrawal period indicated for the commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nava
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela(INTA EEA Rafaela) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María V Rossner
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez(INTA EEA Colonia Benítez), Colonia Benítez, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Atilio J Mangold
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela(INTA EEA Rafaela) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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Sargison ND, Shahzad K, Mazeri S, Chaudhry U. A high throughput deep amplicon sequencing method to show the emergence and spread of Calicophoron daubneyi rumen fluke infection in United Kingdom cattle herds. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:9-15. [PMID: 30981312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of C. daubneyi infection in the United Kingdom has increased, but despite the potential for rumen flukes to cause production loss in ruminant livestock, understanding of their emergence and spread is poor. Here we describe the development of a method to explore the multiplicity of C. daubneyi infection and patterns of the parasite's emergence and spread, based on Illumina MiSeq deep sequencing of meta barcoded amplicons of a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mt-COX-1) locus. Our results show high levels of genetic diversity in 32 C. daubneyi populations derived from finished prime cattle consigned to slaughter from northern United Kingdom. The results are consistent with a single introduction of C. daubneyi infection to some of the farms where the cattle had been grazed during their lifetime and multiple introductions to most. The results illustrate the impact of high levels of animal movements in the United Kingdom, whereby multiple common mt-COX-1 haplotypes were identified in 26 populations in the absence of geographical clustering of clades. This has implications for the adaptability of environmental and intermediate host stages of the parasite to changing climatic and animal management conditions, or of parasitic stages to exposure to anthelmintic drugs; potentially allowing for greater pathogenicity, or the development of anthelmintic resistance, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D Sargison
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kashif Shahzad
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Stella Mazeri
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Umer Chaudhry
- University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Pilarczyk B, Tomza-Marciniak A, Sablik P, Pilarczyk R. Parasites of the digestive tract in cows managed in alternative (organic and biodynamic) as well as conventional farms in West Pomerania. Ann Parasitol 2019; 65:387–396. [PMID: 32191986 DOI: 10.17420/ap6504.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the species composition, prevalence and intensity of parasitic enteric infections in cows in relation to farm management system. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria protozoans was determined from coproscopic examinations using Willis-Schlaf flotation. The species composition of coccidia was determined from morphological characters and the time of oocyst sporulation. Fluke liver eggs were detected by decantation. The average rates of parasitic infections were 67.42%, in the biodynamic farm, 62.14%, in the organic farms, and 63.26%, in the conventional cattle farm. Cows managed in the biodynamic farm suffered from infections by Eimeria protozoans and gastrointestinal nematodes, whereas Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes and Moniezia sp. were found in the organic farms. In cows of the conventional farm, we found Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes, Moniezia sp. and trematodes: Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum sp. The average intensity of Eimeria sp. infection in cows by farming system was as follows: 71 OPG (oocysts per gram of feces) in the biodynamic farm, 57 OPG in the organic farm and 71 OPG in the conventional farm. The mean intensity of gastrointestinal parasites was 290 EPG (eggs per gram feces) in the biodynamic farm, 455 EPG in the organic farm, and 228 EPG in the conventional farm. The average Moniezia infection intensity in cows was 125 EPG, in the organic farm, and 50 EPG (eggs per gram feces), in the conventional farm. It is noteworthy that the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infection of cows in the biodynamic farm was very low (290 EPG) despite a high prevalence of infection (67.42%). A similar situation though was found in the cows managed in the conventional way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumiła Pilarczyk
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tomza-Marciniak
- Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Sablik
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Renata Pilarczyk
- Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
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Shokouhi S, Abdi J, Valizadeh R. Genotyping of Fasciola hepatica Isolated from Domestic Animals in the West of Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:409-413. [PMID: 30081792 DOI: 10.2174/1871526518666180806121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most common parasites responsible for fascioliasis are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Fascioliasis is an important problem in terms of health and economics. The western part of Iran is one of the major hubs of animal husbandry and the prevalence of fascioliasis is high. The aim of the current study was to determine the Fasciola spp. present in the western part of Iran. In the present study, 45 samples were collected from slaughterhouses in three provinces in the western part of Iran, including Ilam, Lorestan and Kermanshah. METHODS The flukes were detected using morphological methods and the DNA of all samples was extracted. The ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) was identified by PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques using the Rsa1 restriction enzyme. Then, 15% of the samples were sequenced. RESULTS Based on their ITS1 sequence, all samples showed 700 bp bands. The results of sequencing showed a similarity of 99% to 100% across samples. Using the Rsa1 restriction enzyme, all samples produced three distinct bands (60 bp, 100 bp, and 360 bp). These results demonstrated that the most common fasciola in the western part of Iran in sheep and cattle is F. hepatica. CONCLUSION The results of the present study showed that only the species F. hepatica is parasitizing livestock in the western part of Iran. Further studies using new molecular markers for more accurate identification of fasciola-causing species will be useful in the control and prevention of fascioliasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Shokouhi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Jahangir Abdi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Wang C, Torgerson PR, Kaplan RM, George MM, Furrer R. Modelling anthelmintic resistance by extending eggCounts package to allow individual efficacy. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:386-393. [PMID: 30103206 PMCID: PMC6091319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The same anthelmintic treatment can have variable efficacy on individual animals even if the parasite population is homogenously susceptible. An extension of the R package eggCounts is proposed to take individual efficacy into account using a Bayesian hierarchical model. A simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of five different methods on estimating faecal egg count reduction and its uncertainty interval. Simulation results showed the individual efficacy model offered robust inference to two different data simulation procedures with low root mean squared error on the reduction estimate and appropriate uncertainty estimates. Different methods were used to evaluate the anthelmintic resistance in a dataset from USA with sheep and cattle faecal egg counts, where a strong anthelmintic resistance was detected. Open-source statistical tools were updated to include the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Wang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Torgerson
- Section of Veterinary Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Ray M Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Melissa M George
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Reinhard Furrer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland; Department of Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
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Santi L, Coutinho-Rodrigues CJB, Berger M, Klein LAS, De Souza EM, Rosa RL, Guimarães JA, Yates JR, Perinotto WMS, Bittencourt VREP, Beys-da-Silva WO. Secretomic analysis of Beauveria bassiana related to cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, infection. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2018; 64:361-372. [PMID: 30361880 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-018-0659-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is widely studied as an alternative to chemical acaricides in controlling the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Although its biocontrol efficiency has been proved in laboratory and field scales, there is a need to a better understanding of host interaction process at molecular level related to biocontrol activity. In this work, applying a proteomic technique multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), the differential secretome of B. bassiana induced by the host R. microplus cuticle was evaluated. The use of the host cuticle in a culture medium, mimicking an infection condition, is an established experimental model that triggers the secretion of inducible enzymes. From a total of 236 proteins, 50 proteins were identified exclusively in infection condition, assigned to different aspects of infection like host adhesion, cuticle penetration and fungal defense, and stress. Other 32 proteins were considered up- or down-regulated. In order to get a meaningful global view of the secretome, several bioinformatic analyses were performed. Regarding molecular function classification, the highest number of proteins in the differential secretome was assigned in to hydrolase activity, enzyme class of all cuticle-degrading enzymes like lipases and proteases. These activities were also further validated through enzymatic assays. The results presented here reveal dozens of specific proteins and different processes potentially implicated in cattle tick infection improving the understanding of molecular basis of biocontrol of B. bassiana against R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucélia Santi
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Caio J B Coutinho-Rodrigues
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rod BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Markus Berger
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Lisete A S Klein
- Univates, Av Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado, RS, 95914-014, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael L Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Guimarães
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wendell M S Perinotto
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Tv. Primeira Brejinhos, 540-736, Cruz das Almas, BA, 44380-000, Brazil
| | - Vânia R E P Bittencourt
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rod BR 465, km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Walter O Beys-da-Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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Odeniran PO, Ademola IO. Alighting and Feeding Behavior of Trypanosome-Transmitting Vectors on Cattle in Nigeria. J Med Entomol 2018; 55:1594-1601. [PMID: 30137423 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vector control is important to effectively prevent trypanosomiasis. Therefore, alighting and feeding responses of trypanosome-transmitting vectors were conducted in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess the landing preference, level of fly annoyance on cattle, and feeding behavior by direct observation of cows, bulls, and calves. The percentage of Glossina species, Tabanus species, and stomoxyine that fed on cattle blood after landing varied according to the age and sex of the cattle host. Although most flies left the cattle host before completing their meal because of host defensive behaviors, an average of 78, 19.6, and 10.2% of Glossina, Tabanus, and stomoxyines, respectively, were fully engorged. The longest mean feeding time was observed in Glossina. Over more than 90% of Glossina spp. landed on the belly and legs. Most Tabanus spp. (85%) also landed on the belly and legs while Tabanus par Walker (Diptera: Tabanidae) often landed on the back (45%). Half of Stomoxys species landed on the head and neck. Vector flies' feeding success varied according to cattle host age and was negatively correlated with defensive host behaviors and apparent fly density. Hence, fly defensive behaviors contribute to trypanosomiasis dynamics in a cattle herd, and expended energy from defensive behaviors could adversely affect productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Olalekan Odeniran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Stoore C, Andrade C, Hidalgo C, Corrêa F, Jiménez M, Hernandez M, Paredes R. Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst location is modified by Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:542. [PMID: 30305164 PMCID: PMC6180525 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural parasite infection occurs in wild and domestics animals with more than one parasite species at the same time, generating an infection called polyparasitism. Cystic echinococcosis reports are usually based only on infection with Echinoccocus granulosus leaving aside other internal parasitoses that could modulate both the immune response and pathogenesis of the natural infection. Fasciola hepatica is another cosmopolitan parasite in ruminants with a similar distribution to E. granulosus in different parts of the world, but no information of the effect of co-infection with E. granulosus has been described. The aims of this report were to establish E. granulosus prevalence and explore the association of F. hepatica co-infection and natural E. granulosus infections in cattle. RESULTS From 1725 animals, the prevalence of E. granulosus and F. hepatica was 21.16 and 51.3%, respectively. Considering both infections, older cattle (> 4 years) presented higher prevalence compared to younger animals. In E. granulosus-infected cattle, 5.21% had fertile cysts, 71.78% infertile cysts, and in 23.01% cysts were smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Considering cyst location, 39.72% had lungs cysts, 24.72% had liver cysts and 36.94% had cysts in both organs. Cyst location significantly differed between age groups: 44.68% of younger animals had cysts only in the lungs, while older animals presented hydatid cyst in the lungs and liver simultaneously (44.15%). With E. granulosus infection alone, 30.26% of cysts were found in the lungs, 31.79% in the liver and 37.95% in both organs. Regarding the co-infection of E. granulosus with F. hepatica, the proportion was significantly different (P < 0.05) with most animals having cysts only in the lungs (49.41%) and a lower level of liver infection (15.88%). Analyzing organ cyst distribution and F. hepatica absence/presence ratio within each cyst type, small cysts showed the highest difference in ratio. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that F. hepatica co-infection in cattle could be affecting the instate of hydatid cysts in the liver, displacing toward lung localization, suggesting an antagonistic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroll Stoore
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Andrade
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Corrêa
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Jiménez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Pagmadulam B, Myagmarsuren P, Fereig RM, Igarashi M, Yokoyama N, Battsetseg B, Nishikawa Y. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in cattle in Mongolia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 14:11-17. [PMID: 31014714 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoan parasites that cause huge economic losses in animal industries worldwide. N. caninum can cause abortion storms and high culling rates in cattle, whereas T. gondii infection is a significant concern in both human and animals because it can induce abortion and clinical symptoms in immunocompromised hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii and N. caninum in cattle in Mongolia. Specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum were detected by using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on recombinant antigens of dense granule protein 7 of Toxoplasma gondii and surface antigen 1 of Neospora caninum, respectively. A total of 1438 cattle sera from 20 of 21 provinces of Mongolia and the capital city of Ulaanbaatar were tested. Overall, 18.7% and 26.2% of cattle were positive for specific antibodies to T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Prevalence rates were higher (T. gondii infection: P < .0001, N. caninum infection: P = .002) in the central region of Mongolia (T. gondii infection: 27.1%, N. caninum infection: 30.8%) compared with western region, suggesting that prevalence rates might be influenced by geographical condition, particularly warmer temperatures around this area in Mongolia. The lowest prevalence rates were observed in the western region of Mongolia (T. gondii: 9%, N. caninum: 20.8%). In addition, the seroprevalence of N. caninum in female animals (27.5%) was significantly higher than that in male animals (20.4%) (P = .018), suggesting an important risk factor of abortion and stillbirth in cattle. The present results showed that T. gondii and N. caninum infections might be a risk for public health and economy of the livestock industry in Mongolia. In conclusion, this study demonstrates high seroprevalences of T. gondii and N. caninum in Mongolia and provides valuable new data for development of control measures against these infections in Mongolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldorj Pagmadulam
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Punsantsogvoo Myagmarsuren
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Ragab M Fereig
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Makoto Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Badgar Battsetseg
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Zaisan 17024, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Nieman CC, Floate KD, Düring RA, Heinrich AP, Young DK, Schaefer DM. Eprinomectin from a sustained release formulation adversely affected dung breeding insects. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201074. [PMID: 30080892 PMCID: PMC6078490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal activity of parasiticide residues in dung of cattle treated with a sustained release eprinomectin formulation was examined, and an improved eprinomectin dung residue extraction method is presented. Emergent insect abundance and richness were significantly reduced in all post-treatment intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 d), relative to pre-treatment. Emergent insect diversity was reduced for between 84 and 112 d post-treatment. Collembola were not affected by residues. Chemical analyses subsequently documented residues of eprinomectin in dung of each collection period post-treatment at levels expected based on previously reported excretion profiles for this product. Cattle subcutaneously injected with this product excreted residues that reduced dung-breeding insect emergence for 5 mo post-treatment. The consequences of these long-term non-target effects to pasture ecosystems are not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Nieman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kevin D. Floate
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rolf-Alexander Düring
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andre P. Heinrich
- Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel K. Young
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Schaefer
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yan B, Liu X, Wu J, Zhao S, Yuan W, Wang B, Wureli H, Tu C, Chen C, wang Y. Genetic Diversity of Echinococcus granulosus Genotype G1 in Xinjiang, Northwest of China. Korean J Parasitol 2018; 56:391-396. [PMID: 30196674 PMCID: PMC6137305 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by E. granulosus is a serious helminthic zoonosis in humans, livestock and wildlife. Xinjiang is one of high endemic province for CE in China. A total of 55 sheep and cattle livers containing echinococcal cysts were collected from slaughterhouses in Changji and Yining City, northern region of Xinjiang. PCR was employed for cloning 2 gene fragments, 12S rRNA and CO1 for analysis of phylogenetic diversity of E. granulosus. The results showed that all the samples collected were identified as G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Interestingly, YL5 and CJ75 strains were the older branches compared to those strains from France, Argentina, Australia. CO1 gene fragment showed 20 new genotype haploids and 5 new genotype haplogroups (H1-H5) by the analysis of Network 5.0 software, and the YLY17 strain was identified as the most ancestral haplotype. The major haplotypes, such as CJ75 and YL5 strains, showed identical to the isolates from Middle East. The international and domestic trade of livestock might contribute to the dispersal of different haplotypes for E. granulosus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiafei Liu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyuan Wu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar City, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wumei Yuan
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hazi Wureli
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changchun Tu
- Institue of Veterinary Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Jilin, Changchun, 1300062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhi wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People’s Republic of China
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Lawrence KE, McFadden AMJ, Bingham P, Pulford DJ, Vink WD, Pomroy WE. Prevalence studies for Theileria orientalis conducted during the early stages of the 2012 New Zealand epidemic of Theileria associated bovine anaemia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2018; 13:38-44. [PMID: 31014886 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since 1982 there have been two epidemics of bovine anaemia associated with Theileria orientalis infection (TABA) in New Zealand. The latest and more serious epidemic started in 2012 and is associated with the T. orientalis (Ikeda) type. In 2013 the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) carried out several epidemiological investigations on the TABA epidemic, which included a series of on-farm herd prevalence studies. The aims of this paper are to present and summarise the results of these herd prevalence studies. The data were collected from March 2013 to September 2013 and comprised 26 farms. For 21/26 of these farms, a T. orientalis (Ikeda) positive index case of TABA precipitated the follow-up herd prevalence study. Each herd prevalence study involved a random sample of 10 cows for haematocrit, for piroplasm counts (number of Theileria infected RBCs per 1000 RBCs) and for PCR molecular diagnosis. Animals were diagnosed anaemic if the haematocrit ≤0.24. The results showed that for the index cases, the average haematocrit = 0.10 L/L and the average piroplasm count = 10.9 Theileria infected RBCs per 1000 RBCs, and for the herd prevalence studies the average haematocrit = 0.26 and the average piroplasm count = 6.9. The average herd prevalence of T. orientalis (Ikeda) PCR positive cattle and of anaemic cattle was 87% and 26% respectively. For dairy herds (n = 7 herds) it took, on average, 80 days for the within herd prevalence of anaemia to return to zero after the initial diagnosis. In conclusion the prevalence studies showed that infection rates and anaemia rates were already high in herds when the index case of TABA was observed. At the time, these prevalence studies significantly added to our understanding of the epidemiology of the evolving T. orientalis (Ikeda) epidemic and furthermore met the New Zealand MPI objective of being rapid and applied, fit for purpose and completed at a relatively low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lawrence
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - A M J McFadden
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - P Bingham
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - D J Pulford
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - W D Vink
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5018, New Zealand
| | - W E Pomroy
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Wei T, Xue-Feng C, Ming-Yao W, Cheng W, Yi-Fang D. [Effect of cementing ditch-based project on schistosomiasis control in Dingshen River basin in Shitai County]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2018; 30:222-225. [PMID: 29770672 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2017160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of cementing ditch-based project on schistosomiasis control in the irrigation area of Dingshen River basin in Shitai County, Anhui Province. METHODS The data of Oncomelania hupensis snail surveys from 2009 to 2015 and the data of schistosome infections in humans and livestock from 2009 to 2015 were collected, and the changes of the epidemic situation were analyzed and compared before and after the project. RESULTS In the cementing ditches, the occurrence rate of living snails decreased by 68.79% and the average density of living snails decreased by 97.78%, whereas in the control areas without ditch hardening, the occurrence rate of living snails increased by 72.49% and the average density of living snails increased by 37.16%. The infection rate in humans decreased by 100%. Of 161 bovines examined with the egg-hatching method during the period, no infections were found. CONCLUSIONS The cementing ditch-based project has a good effect on reducing the density of snails and controlling schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Shitai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chizhou City, Chizhou 245100, China
| | - Chen Xue-Feng
- Shitai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chizhou City, Chizhou 245100, China
| | - Wu Ming-Yao
- Shitai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chizhou City, Chizhou 245100, China
| | - Wang Cheng
- Shitai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chizhou City, Chizhou 245100, China
| | - Du Yi-Fang
- Shitai County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chizhou City, Chizhou 245100, China
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Ghatee MA, Haghdoost AA, Kooreshnia F, Kanannejad Z, Parisaie Z, Karamian M, Moshfe A. Role of environmental, climatic risk factors and livestock animals on the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in newly emerging focus in Iran. J Infect Public Health 2017; 11:425-433. [PMID: 29287805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Occurrence of leishmaniasis is affected by various biological and environmental factors. Kohgiluye and Boyerahmad (K-B) province is an emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Southwest Iran. SUBJECTS AND METHODS To elucidate some angles of occurrence of CL in this province, climatic and environmental factors and close proximity to livestock were studied by univariate and two multivariate logistic regression models. The dwelling addresses of 275 CL patients were obtained from Health Centers records for a 5 years period. The effect of mean annual temperature, minimum mean annual temperature, maximum mean annual temperature, mean annual rainfall, slope, elevation, land covers and close proximity to cattle and sheep/goat sheds on the occurrence of CL were analysed using geographical information systems (GIS) approach. RESULTS CL occurred in all counties with the most cases in Northwest, West and South semi-arid and warm regions. Land cover, slope, elevation and close proximity to cattle sheds, were the most effective factors. Urban, dry farm and thin rangeland were found as the most important land covers. Slope and elevation decreased the probability of disease. Close proximity to cattle sheds notably increased the chance of CL. The importance of other factors such as rainfall, temperature and close proximity to sheep/goat sheds only were shown when their effects were evaluated independently from other factors. So regions with urban, dry farm and thin rangeland covers with lower slope and altitude where in close proximity of cattle sheds seems to be potentially most high risk areas. CONCLUSION Distribution of CL cases is influenced by combination of environmental, ecological factors and close proximity to livestock sheds but control programs should be focused on cities and villages in the above-mentioned most high risk regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Ghatee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran; Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Ali A Haghdoost
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kooreshnia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Zahra Kanannejad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zafar Parisaie
- Province Health Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Karamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Abdolali Moshfe
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
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Hussein HE, Bastos RG, Schneider DA, Johnson WC, Adham FK, Davis WC, Laughery JM, Herndon DR, Alzan HF, Ueti MW, Suarez CE. The Babesia bovis hap2 gene is not required for blood stage replication, but expressed upon in vitro sexual stage induction. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005965. [PMID: 28985216 PMCID: PMC5646870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesia bovis, is a tick borne apicomplexan parasite responsible for important cattle losses globally. Babesia parasites have a complex life cycle including asexual replication in the mammalian host and sexual reproduction in the tick vector. Novel control strategies aimed at limiting transmission of the parasite are needed, but transmission blocking vaccine candidates remain undefined. Expression of HAP2 has been recognized as critical for the fertilization of parasites in the Babesia-related Plasmodium, and is a leading candidate for a transmission blocking vaccine against malaria. Hereby we identified the B. bovis hap2 gene and demonstrated that it is widely conserved and differentially transcribed during development within the tick midgut, but not by blood stage parasites. The hap2 gene was disrupted by transfecting B. bovis with a plasmid containing the flanking regions of the hap2 gene and the GPF-BSD gene under the control of the ef-1α-B promoter. Comparison of in vitro growth between a hap2-KO B. bovis clonal line and its parental wild type strain showed that HAP2 is not required for the development of B. bovis in erythrocytes. However, xanthurenic acid-in vitro induction experiments of sexual stages of parasites recovered after tick transmission resulted in surface expression of HAP2 exclusively in sexual stage induced parasites. In addition, hap2-KO parasites were not able to develop such sexual stages as defined both by morphology and by expression of the B. bovis sexual marker genes 6-Cys A and B. Together, the data strongly suggests that tick midgut stage differential expression of hap2 is associated with the development of B. bovis sexual forms. Overall these studies are consistent with a role of HAP2 in tick stages of the parasite and suggest that HAP2 is a potential candidate for a transmission blocking vaccine against bovine babesiosis. Babesia bovis, is a tick borne apicomplexan parasite responsible for important cattle losses globally. Babesia parasites have a complex life cycle including asexual replication in the mammalian host and sexual reproduction in the tick vector. Novel control strategies aimed at limiting transmission of the parasite are needed, but transmission blocking vaccine candidates remain undefined. In this study we analyze the conservation and role of the hap2 gene in the erythrocyte stage of the life cycle of the parasite and found that expression of the gene is not required for the development of the parasite in erythrocytic stages, using a hap2 mutated parasite line. In addition, we developed an in vitro system for the induction of sexual forms of B. bovis and found expression of the hap2 gene and surface localization of the protein. However, hap2-KO parasites are unable to develop sexual stages. We concluded that HAP2 is a leading candidate for a transmission blocking vaccine against bovine babesiosis due of the high level of conservation, surface exposure, and specific expression in tick stage and in in vitro induced sexual stages parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala E. Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reginaldo G. Bastos
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - David A. Schneider
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Wendell C. Johnson
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Fatma K. Adham
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - William C. Davis
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Jacob M. Laughery
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - David R. Herndon
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Heba F. Alzan
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Massaro W. Ueti
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Suarez
- Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Pullman, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Munoz S, Guerrero FD, Kellogg A, Heekin AM, Leung MY. Bioinformatic prediction of G protein-coupled receptor encoding sequences from the transcriptome of the foreleg, including the Haller's organ, of the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172326. [PMID: 28231302 PMCID: PMC5322884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cattle tick of Australia, Rhipicephalus australis, is a vector for microbial parasites that cause serious bovine diseases. The Haller's organ, located in the tick's forelegs, is crucial for host detection and mating. To facilitate the development of new technologies for better control of this agricultural pest, we aimed to sequence and annotate the transcriptome of the R. australis forelegs and associated tissues, including the Haller's organ. As G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of eukaryotic proteins studied as pharmaceutical targets in humans, we prioritized the identification and classification of the GPCRs expressed in the foreleg tissues. The two forelegs from adult R. australis were excised, RNA extracted, and pyrosequenced with 454 technology. Reads were assembled into unigenes and annotated by sequence similarity. Python scripts were written to find open reading frames (ORFs) from each unigene. These ORFs were analyzed by different GPCR prediction approaches based on sequence alignments, support vector machines, hidden Markov models, and principal component analysis. GPCRs consistently predicted by multiple methods were further studied by phylogenetic analysis and 3D homology modeling. From 4,782 assembled unigenes, 40,907 possible ORFs were predicted. Using Blastp, Pfam, GPCRpred, TMHMM, and PCA-GPCR, a basic set of 46 GPCR candidates were compiled and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. With further screening of tertiary structures predicted by RaptorX, 6 likely GPCRs emerged and the strongest candidate was classified by PCA-GPCR to be a GABAB receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Munoz
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Bioinformatics Program, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Felix D. Guerrero
- USDA-ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory, Kerrville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Kellogg
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Bioinformatics Program, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Heekin
- USDA-ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Research Laboratory, Kerrville, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ming-Ying Leung
- The University of Texas at El Paso, Bioinformatics Program, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Makau DN, Gitau GK, Muchemi GK, Thomas LF, Cook EAJ, Wardrop NA, Fèvre EM, de Glanville WA. Environmental predictors of bovine Eimeria infection in western Kenya. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:409-416. [PMID: 28054227 PMCID: PMC5253148 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eimeriosis is caused by a protozoan infection affecting most domestic animal species. Outbreaks in cattle are associated with various environmental factors in temperate climates but limited work has been done in tropical settings. The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and environmental factors associated with bovine Eimeria spp. infection in a mixed farming area of western Kenya. A total of 983 cattle were sampled from 226 cattle-keeping households. Faecal samples were collected directly from the rectum via digital extraction and analysed for the presence of Eimeria spp. infection using the MacMaster technique. Individual and household level predictors of infection were explored using mixed effects logistic regression. The prevalence of individual animal Eimeria infection was 32.8% (95% CI 29.9-35.9). A positive linear relationship was found between risk of Eimeria infection and increasing temperature (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.06-1.86) and distance to areas at risk of flooding (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.17-1.91). There was weak evidence of non-linear relationship between Eimeria infection and the proportion of the area around a household that was classified as swamp (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 0.87-1.44; OR (quadratic term) = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-1.00), and the sand content of the soil (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.91-1.53; OR (quadratic term) = 1.1, 95% CI 0.99-1.23). The risk of animal Eimeria spp. infection is influenced by a number of climatic and soil-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Makau
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Kenya.
| | - G K Gitau
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - G K Muchemi
- Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, PO BOX 29053-00625, Kenya
| | - L F Thomas
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - E A J Cook
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
| | - N A Wardrop
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - E M Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - W A de Glanville
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, PO Box 30709-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK.
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Alderton S, Macleod ET, Anderson NE, Schaten K, Kuleszo J, Simuunza M, Welburn SC, Atkinson PM. A Multi-Host Agent-Based Model for a Zoonotic, Vector-Borne Disease. A Case Study on Trypanosomiasis in Eastern Province, Zambia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005252. [PMID: 28027323 PMCID: PMC5222522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper presents a new agent-based model (ABM) for investigating T. b. rhodesiense human African trypanosomiasis (rHAT) disease dynamics, produced to aid a greater understanding of disease transmission, and essential for development of appropriate mitigation strategies. METHODS The ABM was developed to model rHAT incidence at a fine spatial scale along a 75 km transect in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. The method offers a complementary approach to traditional compartmentalised modelling techniques, permitting incorporation of fine scale demographic data such as ethnicity, age and gender into the simulation. RESULTS Through identification of possible spatial, demographic and behavioural characteristics which may have differing implications for rHAT risk in the region, the ABM produced output that could not be readily generated by other techniques. On average there were 1.99 (S.E. 0.245) human infections and 1.83 (S.E. 0.183) cattle infections per 6 month period. The model output identified that the approximate incidence rate (per 1000 person-years) was lower amongst cattle owning households (0.079, S.E. 0.017), than those without cattle (0.134, S.E. 0.017). Immigrant tribes (e.g. Bemba I.R. = 0.353, S.E.0.155) and school-age children (e.g. 5-10 year old I.R. = 0.239, S.E. 0.041) were the most at-risk for acquiring infection. These findings have the potential to aid the targeting of future mitigation strategies. CONCLUSION ABMs provide an alternative way of thinking about HAT and NTDs more generally, offering a solution to the investigation of local-scale questions, and which generate results that can be easily disseminated to those affected. The ABM can be used as a tool for scenario testing at an appropriate spatial scale to allow the design of logistically feasible mitigation strategies suggested by model output. This is of particular importance where resources are limited and management strategies are often pushed to the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Alderton
- Institute of Complex System Simulation, School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ewan T. Macleod
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School – Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil E. Anderson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Schaten
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School – Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Kuleszo
- Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Simuunza
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Susan C. Welburn
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School – Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Atkinson
- Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Engineering Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Cabanelas E, López CM, Díaz P, Pérez-Creo A, Morrondo P, Díez-Baños P, Panadero R. Modulatory effects of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 on cellular immune responses against Hypoderma lineatum antigens. Med Vet Entomol 2016; 30:439-443. [PMID: 27611850 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vitro modulatory effects of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) on both proliferative bovine T cell responses and IL-10 production induced by different antigens [crude larval extract and the purified fractions hypodermin A, B and C (HyA, HyB, HyC)] obtained from first instars of Hypoderma lineatum (Diptera: Oestridae), alone or in the presence of the mitogen concanavalin A. Incubation with the different parasitic antigens resulted in significant inhibition of T cell proliferation and IL-10 production, which, in general, did not revert after the addition of IFN-γ and IL-4. In the absence of antigens, IL-4 induced significant inhibition of mitogen-induced T cell responses. Exogenous IFN-γ exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in the presence of the purified fractions HyB and HyC. These in vitro data suggest that far from neutralizing the effects of larval antigens, the addition of IFN-γ potentiates their anti-proliferative activity; by contrast, IL-4 had no consistent effects on proliferative responses to Hypoderma. IL-4 provoked an increment of IL-10 levels in supernatants of HyB-stimulated cells. In conclusion, exogenous IFN-γ and IL-4 were unable to counteract the suppressor effects of H. lineatum antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cabanelas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - C M López
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Díaz
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Creo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Morrondo
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - P Díez-Baños
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - R Panadero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Sanidad Animal (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
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Fleming JR, Sastry L, Wall SJ, Sullivan L, Ferguson MAJ. Proteomic Identification of Immunodiagnostic Antigens for Trypanosoma vivax Infections in Cattle and Generation of a Proof-of-Concept Lateral Flow Test Diagnostic Device. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004977. [PMID: 27606593 PMCID: PMC5015970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma vivax is one of the causative agents of Animal African Trypanosomosis in cattle, which is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and transmitted primarily by the bite of the tsetse fly vector. The parasite can also be mechanically transmitted, and this has allowed its spread to South America. Diagnostics are limited for this parasite and in farm settings diagnosis is mainly symptom-based. We set out to identify, using a proteomic approach, candidate diagnostic antigens to develop into an easy to use pen-side lateral flow test device. Two related members the invariant surface glycoprotein family, TvY486_0045500 and TvY486_0019690, were selected. Segments of these antigens, lacking N-terminal signal peptides and C-terminal transmembrane domains, were expressed in E. coli. Both were developed into ELISA tests and one of them, TvY486_0045500, was developed into a lateral flow test prototype. The tests were all evaluated blind with 113 randomised serum samples, taken from 37 calves before and after infection with T. vivax or T. congolense. The TvY486_0045500 and TvY486_0019690 ELISA tests gave identical sensitivity and specificity values for T. vivax infection of 94.5% (95% CI, 86.5% to 98.5%) and 88.0% (95% CI, 75.7% to 95.5%), respectively, and the TvY486_0045500 lateral flow test prototype a sensitivity and specificity of 92.0% (95% CI, 83.4% to 97.0%) and 89.8% (95% CI, 77.8% to 96.6%), respectively. These data suggest that recombinant TvY486_0045500 shows promise for the development of a pen-side lateral flow test for the diagnosis of T. vivax animal African trypanosomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalitha Sastry
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lauren Sullivan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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Daptardar M, Singh BB, Aulakh RS, Gill JPS. Prevalence and first molecular identification of Sarcocystis species in cattle and water buffaloes in India. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:523-8. [PMID: 27447215 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The importance of Sarcocystis hominis in causing zoonotic infections is well known. Recently, S. hominis like cysts have been reported from water buffalo in China. Previous studies indicate prevalence of Sarcocystis species in bovine populations in India but molecular evidence is required for proper species differentiation. We examined two hundred and ninety six cardiac tissue samples of Indian water buffaloes and cattle from northern and western parts of the country. Tissues were examined for Sarcocystis using intact cyst isolation method, pepsin acid digestion method and Sarcocystis 18S rRNA PCR. The combination of primers was used for 18S rRNA PCR amplification followed by sequencing. Twenty five representative samples were sent for sequencing and 19 readable sequences were obtained for phylogenetic analysis. Overall, the Sarcocystis cysts/zoites were recorded in 44% (95% CI 38-49%), 58% (95% CI 53-64%) and 68% (95% CI 63-73%) from both cattle and buffalo samples using intact cyst isolation, pepsin-HCl digestion method and conventional PCR, respectively. The results indicate that pepsin-HCl digestion method and conventional PCR are more sensitive than intact cyst isolation for detection of Sarcocystis species in tissue samples. The prevalence of Sarcocystis species was high in buffalo as compared to cattle intermediate hosts. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that more than one Sarcocystis species are circulating in cattle and water buffaloes in India. The results further indicate that experimental transmission studies are required to re-confirm the identities and host ranges of the Sarcocystis species in cattle and water buffaloes in India.
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Mazeri S, Sargison N, Kelly RF, Bronsvoort BMD, Handel I. Evaluation of the Performance of Five Diagnostic Tests for Fasciola hepatica Infection in Naturally Infected Cattle Using a Bayesian No Gold Standard Approach. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161621. [PMID: 27564546 PMCID: PMC5001639 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical and economic importance of fasciolosis has been recognised for centuries, yet diagnostic tests available for cattle are far from perfect. Test evaluation has mainly been carried out using gold standard approaches or under experimental settings, the limitations of which are well known. In this study, a Bayesian no gold standard approach was used to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of five tests for fasciolosis in cattle. These included detailed liver necropsy including gall bladder egg count, faecal egg counting, a commercially available copro-antigen ELISA, an in-house serum excretory/secretory antibody ELISA and routine abattoir liver inspection. In total 619 cattle slaughtered at one of Scotland's biggest abattoirs were sampled, during three sampling periods spanning summer 2013, winter 2014 and autumn 2014. Test sensitivities and specificities were estimated using an extension of the Hui Walter no gold standard model, where estimates were allowed to vary between seasons if tests were a priori believed to perform differently for any reason. The results of this analysis provide novel information on the performance of these tests in a naturally infected cattle population and at different times of the year where different levels of acute or chronic infection are expected. Accurate estimates of sensitivity and specificity will allow for routine abattoir liver inspection to be used as a tool for monitoring the epidemiology of F. hepatica as well as evaluating herd health planning. Furthermore, the results provide evidence to suggest that the copro-antigen ELISA does not cross-react with Calicophoron daubneyi rumen fluke parasites, while the serum antibody ELISA does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Mazeri
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Neil Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert F. Kelly
- Farm Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian Handel
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Parra L, Mutis A, Chacón M, Lizama M, Rojas C, Catrileo A, Rubilar O, Tortella G, Birkett MA, Quiroz A. Horn fly larval survival in cattle dung is reduced by endophyte infection of tall fescue pasture. Pest Manag Sci 2016; 72:1328-1334. [PMID: 26373352 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential for using endophytic microorganisms in pest control has increased during the last 40 years. In this study, we investigated the impact of endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection of cattle pasture upon the survival of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans, a major agricultural pest affecting livestock in many parts of the world. RESULTS In laboratory assays, where cattle dung collected from endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue cultivar K-31 was used as the oviposition substrate, larval development was significantly reduced compared with development on cattle dung from steers that grazed uninfected (E-) tall fescue. Furthermore, studies with cattle dung supplemented with the alkaloid fraction extracted from the endophytic fungi revealed significant larval mortality, and HPLC analysis identified two alkaloids, peramine and lolitrem B. The development of larvae was shown to be significantly reduced in field-collected cattle dung. These results suggest that part of the toxicity of alkaloids contained in endophytes is transferred to faecal matter, causing an increase in mortality of H. irritans. CONCLUSION These data suggest that endophyte infection of cattle pasture, i.e. modified pasture management, can significantly affect horn fly development. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Parra
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ana Mutis
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel Chacón
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcelo Lizama
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián Catrileo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Tortella
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Biological Chemistry and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts, UK
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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Cauquil L, Hüe T, Hurlin JC, Mitchell G, Searle K, Skuce P, Zadoks R. Prevalence and Sequence-Based Identity of Rumen Fluke in Cattle and Deer in New Caledonia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152603. [PMID: 27043709 PMCID: PMC4820108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An abattoir survey was performed in the French Melanesian archipelago of New Caledonia to determine the prevalence of paramphistomes in cattle and deer and to generate material for molecular typing at species and subspecies level. Prevalence in adult cattle was high at animal level (70% of 387 adult cattle) and batch level (81%). Prevalence was lower in calves at both levels (33% of 484 calves, 51% at batch level). Animals from 2 of 7 deer farms were positive for rumen fluke, with animal-level prevalence of 41.4% (29/70) and 47.1% (33/70), respectively. Using ITS-2 sequencing, 3 species of paramphistomes were identified, i.e. Calicophoron calicophorum, Fischoederius elongatus and Orthocoelium streptocoelium. All three species were detected in cattle as well as deer, suggesting the possibility of rumen fluke transmission between the two host species. Based on heterogeneity in ITS-2 sequences, the C. calicophorum population comprises two clades, both of which occur in cattle as well as deer. The results suggest two distinct routes of rumen fluke introduction into this area. This approach has wider applicability for investigations of the origin of rumen fluke infections and for the possibility of parasite transmission at the livestock-wildlife interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cauquil
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et amélioration des agrosystèmes, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, BP 73, 98890, Païta, Nouvelle Calédonie
| | - Thomas Hüe
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et amélioration des agrosystèmes, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, BP 73, 98890, Païta, Nouvelle Calédonie
| | - Jean-Claude Hurlin
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien, Connaissance et amélioration des agrosystèmes, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, BP 73, 98890, Païta, Nouvelle Calédonie
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Searle
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ruth Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, United Kingdom
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48
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BEESLEY WN. Observations on the Development ofHypoderma LineatumDe Villiers (Diptera, Oestridae) in the Bovine Host. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2016; 55:18-24. [PMID: 13688644 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1961.11686015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Song GY, Qin SY, Zhao GH, Zhu XQ, Zhou DH, Song MX. Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from white yaks in China. Acta Parasitol 2016; 61:397-400. [PMID: 27078665 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common enteric parasites of humans and animals, including companion animals, livestock and wildlife. To date, the information about the prevalence and molecular characterization of G. duodenalis infection in white yaks was limited. In the present study, a total of 208 white yak fecal samples were collected from Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County (TTAC) between September 2013 and March 2014. Of the 208 white yak fecal samples, four samples (1.92%, all collected in March 2014) tested G. duodenalis-positive by PCR amplification of triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage E. The present study revealed the presence and genotype of G. duodenalis in white yaks for the first time, and extended the host range of G. duodenalis. These results provided useful information for further genotyping or subtyping studies of G. duodenalis in white yaks.
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50
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Gutierrez L, Sumano H, Rivero F, Alcala-Canto Y. Ixodicide activity of Eysenhardtia polystachya against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:1980-6. [PMID: 26020221 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of 2 compounds extracted from Eysenhardtia polystachya in vitro, namely coatlines and matlalines. Each extract was obtained by aqueous extraction in a nitrogen atmosphere. Engorged adult females of an amitraz-resistant strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus were used to produce larvae and to carry out the adult immersion test (AIT), while larvae were assayed using the larval packet test (LPT). After exposure to coatlines or matlalines, the mortality of larvae and engorged females, as well as the reproductive parameters of adult ticks were assessed. Coatlines were not lethal against larvae and did not decrease reproductive parameters. Conversely, matlalines showed a 90 to 100% efficacy against adults and larvae at all concentrations tested and a reduction of 76.41 to 80.64% oviposition and a 48.02 to 54.86% reduction in egg hatchability. Therefore, the acaricidal activity of matlalines was more efficient. Further studies are required to elucidate both the mode of action of matlalines as well the structure-activity relationships responsible for the observed differential efficacy between these 2 related isoflavans against the cattle tick.
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