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Haghighat K, Haniloo A, Shemshadi B, Torabi N. Gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and foxes in the Zanjan province of Iran: With an emphasis on Echinococcus species. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 50:101013. [PMID: 38644038 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Canids harbor many zoonotic parasites and play an important role in the spread of parasites in the human environment. Estimation of parasitic infection among canids as definitive hosts may help competent authorities design efficient control programs. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and foxes with an emphasis on Echinococcus spp. A total of 500 fecal samples of dogs and 30 fecal samples of foxes were studied in the summer, autumn, and winter of 2021 in the Zanjan province using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique, followed by multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite infection was estimated to be 19.05%. The prevalence was 24.8%, 10.2%, and 26.7% in stray, shelter dogs and foxes, respectively. No parasites were found among pet and guard dog samples. PCR results on Taenidae eggs showed that 2.4% of samples were positive for Echinococcus granulosus and none contained E. multilocularis. Noteworthy is that E. granulosus was identified only in stray dog samples. The higher prevalence of E. granulosus infection in stray dogs in this province emphasizes the importance of monitoring the food sources consumed by these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Haghighat
- Islamic Azad University Sciences and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Haniloo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahar Shemshadi
- Islamic Azad University Sciences and Researches Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Torabi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran.
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Du X, Hua R, He X, Hou W, Li S, Yang A, Yang G. Echinococcus granulosus ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2D2 and E2N) promote the formation of liver fibrosis in TGFβ1-induced LX-2 cells. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:190. [PMID: 38643149 PMCID: PMC11031992 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonosis caused by the infection with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.). CE cysts mainly develop in the liver of intermediate hosts, characterized by the fibrotic tissue that separates host organ from parasite. However, precise mechanism underlying the formation of fibrotic tissue in CE remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the potential impact of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes on liver fibrosis formation in CE, two members of ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) enzyme of Echinococcus granulosus (EgE2D2 and EgE2N) were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and analyzed for bioinformatics, immunogenicity, localization, and enzyme activity. In addition, the secretory pathway and their effects on the formation of liver fibrosis were also explored. RESULTS Both rEgE2D2 and rEgE2N possess intact UBC domains and active sites, exhibiting classical ubiquitin binding activity and strong immunoreactivity. Additionally, EgE2D2 and EgE2N were widely distributed in protoscoleces and germinal layer, with differences observed in their distribution in 25-day strobilated worms. Further, these two enzymes were secreted to the hydatid fluid and CE-infected sheep liver tissues via a non-classical secretory pathway. Notably, TGFβ1-induced LX-2 cells exposed to rEgE2D2 and rEgE2N resulted in increasing expression of fibrosis-related genes, enhancing cell proliferation, and facilitating cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EgE2D2 and EgE2N could secrete into the liver and may interact with hepatic stellate cells, thereby promoting the formation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shengqiong Li
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Santoro A, Santolamazza F, Cacciò SM, La Rosa G, Antolová D, Auer H, Bagrade G, Bandelj P, Basso W, Beck R, Citterio CV, Davidson RK, Deksne G, Frey CF, Fuglei E, Glawischnig W, Gottstein B, Harna J, Huus Petersen H, Karamon J, Jansen F, Jarošová J, Jokelainen P, Lundström-Stadelmann B, Maksimov P, Miljević M, Miterpáková M, Moks E, Origgi F, Ozolina Z, Ryser MP, Romig T, Šarkūnas M, Scorrano N, Saarma U, Šnábel V, Sréter T, Umhang G, Vengušt G, Žele Vengušt D, Casulli A. Mitochondrial genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:233-245. [PMID: 38246405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a fatal zoonotic parasitic disease of the northern hemisphere. Red foxes are the main reservoir hosts and, likely, the main drivers of the geographic spread of the disease in Europe. Knowledge of genetic relationships among E. multilocularis isolates at a European scale is key to understanding the dispersal characteristics of E. multilocularis. Hence, the present study aimed to describe the genetic diversity of E. multilocularis isolates obtained from different host species in 19 European countries. Based on the analysis of complete nucleotide sequences of the cob, atp6, nad2, nad1 and cox1 mitochondrial genes (4,968 bp), 43 haplotypes were inferred. Four haplotypes represented 62.56 % of the examined isolates (142/227), and one of these four haplotypes was found in each country investigated, except Svalbard, Norway. While the haplotypes from Svalbard were markedly different from all the others, mainland Europe appeared to be dominated by two main clusters, represented by most western, central and eastern European countries, and the Baltic countries and northeastern Poland, respectively. Moreover, one Asian-like haplotype was identified in Latvia and northeastern Poland. To better elucidate the presence of Asian genetic variants of E. multilocularis in Europe, and to obtain a more comprehensive Europe-wide coverage, further studies, including samples from endemic regions not investigated in the present study, especially some eastern European countries, are needed. Further, the present work proposes historical causes that may have contributed to shaping the current genetic variability of E. multilocularis in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Santoro
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone M Cacciò
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Rosa
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Antolová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Herbert Auer
- Medical Parasitology, Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guna Bagrade
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", Wildlife Management Research Group, Salaspils, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Petra Bandelj
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Walter Basso
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Relja Beck
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Laboratory for Parasitology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carlo V Citterio
- Centro Specialistico Fauna Selvatica, SCT2-Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Via Cappellari 44/A, 32100 Belluno, Italy
| | | | - Gunita Deksne
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia; Faculty of Biology, University of Lavia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Caroline F Frey
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Fuglei
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Walter Glawischnig
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control Innsbruck, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Technikerstraße 70, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jiří Harna
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Jakoubka ze Stribra 1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Heidi Huus Petersen
- Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries of Denmark, Stationsparken 31-33 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Jacek Karamon
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, Partyzantow Avenue 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Famke Jansen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM), Department of Biomedical Sciences, 155 Nationalestraat, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlia Jarošová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pikka Jokelainen
- Infectious Disease Preparedness, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Britta Lundström-Stadelmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Multidisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Länggass-Strasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pavlo Maksimov
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald‑Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Milan Miljević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Miterpáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Epp Moks
- National Centre for Laboratory Research and Risk Assessment, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Francesco Origgi
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zanda Ozolina
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Lejupes Street 3, Riga LV-1076, Latvia
| | - Marie-Pierre Ryser
- Institute for Fish and Wildlife Health (FIWI), Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Längassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str. 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nathalie Scorrano
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tamás Sréter
- National Reference Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, National Public Health Center, Albert Flórián út 2-6, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gèrald Umhang
- Anses, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory Echinococcus spp, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Gorazd Vengušt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diana Žele Vengušt
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adriano Casulli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Antepli Oğlu T, Yapici TS, Dincel GC, Al-Olayan E, Alshahrani MY, El-Ashram S. Assessment of oxidative stress and tissue damage in Echinococcus granulosus naturally infected bovine liver. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102333. [PMID: 38422584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite infects many livestock species, especially cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo, causing cystic echinococcosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of the parasite and parasitic tissue damage histopathologically and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the tissue damage through the immunohistochemical detection of the oxidative damage-marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant response-marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). The material of the study consisted of 20 liver samples with Echinococcus cysts and 10 E.granulosus- negative healthy liver samples obtained from different cattle at various times from slaughterhouses in Kırıkkale province, Turkey. Histopathologically, Echinococcus cysts of various sizes were observed along with the surrounding fibrous connective tissue. Giant cells, mononuclear cells, and eosinophilic leukocytes were found between the fibrous connective tissue and the cyst. In the parenchymal tissue distant from the cyst, inflammatory changes were observed, including vacuolation and necrosis in hepatocytes, congestion and dilation sinusoidal capillaries. Immunohistochemically, MDA immunopositivity was observed in both hepatocytes surrounding the cyst and areas distant from the cyst, while SOD immunopositivity was mainly detected in fibrous connective tissue and hepatocytes surrounding the Echinococcus cysts. A significant increase in MDA immunoreactivity was observed in E.granulosus s.l.-infected livers. Although no statistically significant change was observed in SOD immunopositivity in the liver tissues with cystic echinococcosis, regional variations were noted. Germinal layer (GL) of Echinococcus cyst showed immunopositive staining for MDA, while laminated layer (LL) exhibited immunonegative staining. To the authors' best understanding, this study represents a pioneering effort in showcasing and evaluating the immunoreactivities of MDA and SOD within the liver tissue afflicted with Echinococcus cysts. Simultaneously, the examination extends to encompass tissue damage and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. This study highlights the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and the need for further investigation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and their regional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğçe Antepli Oğlu
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Tilbe Su Yapici
- Kırıkkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | | | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt; College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, Guangdong Province 528231, China.
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Ciccone E, Bosco A, Pepe P, Nocerino M, Lattero N, Umhang G, AbdElkarim L, Lahmar S, Said Y, Saralli G, Piegari G, Alterisio MC, Baka R, Sotiraki S, Boué F, Rinaldi L. Baiting not-owned dogs against Echinococcus granulosus: innovative tools for integrated control. Parasitology 2024; 151:421-428. [PMID: 38576256 PMCID: PMC11044063 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is one of the most widespread zoonoses in Mediterranean countries. Baiting not-owned dogs with praziquantel (PZQ), due to their key role in the maintaining the transmission of CE, currently appears to be the most effective way to limit the transmission of CE, as well as an important aspect to introduce for the control of this parasitic disease. Therefore, this study aims to test 3 types of PZQ-based baits by evaluating different parameters (integrity over time, attractiveness and palatability for dogs, and mechanical resistance after release to different altitudes) and the bait acceptance in field by target animals, i.e. not-owned dogs, by using camera traps. The double PZQ-laced baits (with a double layer of highly palatable chews) showed the greatest resistance in the environment while also preserving the attractiveness and palatability up to 10 days, also withstood heights of 25 m, thus resulting as the most suitable also for drone delivery. The results on the field showed that most of the baits were consumed by not-owned dogs (82.2%), while the remaining were consumed by wild boars (8.9%), foxes (6.7%), badgers (1.1%) and hedgehogs (1.1%), confirming the specific and high attractiveness of the double PZQ-laced baits for the target population and highlights how an anthelmintic baiting programme may be a viable tool for the management of E. granulosus among free-ranging dog populations in endemic rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ciccone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Nocerino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Lattero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
| | - Gerald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Laatamna AbdElkarim
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Yousra Said
- Parasitology Laboratory, National School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Manouba, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Giorgio Saralli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Lazio and Tuscany M. Aleandri, Via Appia Nuova, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piegari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Rania Baka
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Center for Animal Health (CRESAN), Campania Region, Italy
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González-Porcile MC, Muniz-Lagos AC, Cucher MA, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Mouse model of secondary cystic echinococcosis. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:115-136. [PMID: 38556444 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), a genetic complex composed of five species: E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.), E. equinus, E. ortleppi, E. canadensis, and E. felidis. The parasite requires two mammalian hosts to complete its life cycle: a definitive host (mainly dogs) harboring the adult parasite in its intestines, and an intermediate host (mostly farm and wild ungulates) where hydatid cysts develop mainly in the liver and lungs. Humans are accidental intermediate hosts, being susceptible to either primary or secondary forms of CE; the first one due to the ingestion of oncospheres, and the second one because of the spillage of protoscoleces (PSC) contained within a primary cyst. Secondary CE is a serious medical problem, and can be modeled in immunocompetent mice (a non-natural intermediate host) through the intraperitoneal inoculation of viable PSC from E. granulosus s. l. This model is useful to study not only the immunobiology of CE, but also to test new chemotherapeutics or therapeutical protocols, to explore novel vaccine candidates, and to evaluate alternative diagnostic and/or follow-up tools. The mouse model of secondary CE involves two sequential stages: an early stage of parasite pre-encystment (PSC develop into hydatid cysts in the peritoneal cavity of mice), and a late or chronic stage of parasite post-encystment (already differentiated cysts slowly grow during the whole host lifespan). This model is a time-consuming infection, whose outcome depends on several factors like the parasite infective dose, the mouse strain, and the parasite species/genotype. Thus, such variables should always be adjusted according to the research objectives. Herein, the general materials and procedures needed to establish secondary CE in mice are described, as well as several useful tips and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Clara González-Porcile
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Clara Muniz-Lagos
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcela Alejandra Cucher
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Research on Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Yan M, Liu H, Su Y, Bi X, Yang N, Lin R, Lü G. Inhibition of AMPK activation in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto limits the parasite's glucose metabolism and survival. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0120223. [PMID: 38349157 PMCID: PMC10916388 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01202-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by larvae of the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) cluster. There is an urgent need to develop new drug targets and drug molecules to treat CE. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase consisting of α, β, and γ subunits, plays a key role in the regulation of energy metabolism. However, the role of AMPK in regulating glucose metabolism in E. granulosus s.l. and its effects on parasite viability is unknown. In this study, we found that targeted knockdown of EgAMPKα or a small-molecule AMPK inhibitor inhibited the viability of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and disrupted the ultrastructure. The results of in vivo experiments showed that the AMPK inhibitor had a significant therapeutic effect on E. granulosus s.s.-infected mice and resulted in the loss of cellular structures of the germinal layer. In addition, the inhibition of the EgAMPK/EgGLUT1 pathway limited glucose uptake and glucose metabolism functions in E. granulosus s.s.. Overall, our results suggest that EgAMPK can be a potential drug target for CE and that inhibition of EgAMPK activation is an effective strategy for the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yansen Su
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- Basic Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guodong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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Alkhaldi AAM. Echinococcus granulosus comparative genotyping in sheep in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. Open Vet J 2024; 14:866-878. [PMID: 38682137 PMCID: PMC11052615 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2024.v14.i3.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is triggered by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, is a global zoonotic disease that is common in rural regions in which there are frequent encounters between dogs and other domestic animals. The disease can have devastating consequences, impacting the health of people and animals and leading to huge financial losses, especially in the agricultural industry. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Egypt, despite the high incidence of disease, few investigations have been conducted into the genetic variation in species of the genus Echinococcus. Aim This study sought to compare the genetic features of the hydatid cysts carried in sheep in KSA with those found in Egypt. Methods DNA from the protoscolices was used in a PCR targeting the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 (NAD1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and nuclear actin II (ACT II) genes, and the resulting amplification products of 30 KSA and Egyptian isolates were sequenced and compared. Results Among the sheep in KSA, the overall prevalence of CE was 0.51%. Of the sheep cyst DNA samples, 95%, 100%, and 52% were positive for the Cox1, nad1, and act II genes, respectively. Targeting all three genes, all KSA samples belonged to the E. granulosus genotype (G1), whereas all Egyptian isolates belonged to E. granulosus (G1) and E. canadensis (G6). Conclusion We conclude that isolates of E. granulosus from the two countries shared a common origin in Arabic North Africa, with sheep and camels as common hosts.
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Benmarce M, Haif A, Elissondo MC, Bouaziz S, Bentahar A, Laatamna A. Comparison of the Scolicidal Activity of Two Leaves Extracts of Myrtus communis from Algeria Against Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Protoscoleces. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:839-853. [PMID: 38436864 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE During cystic echinococcosis surgery, the use of scolicidal agents such as hypertonic saline (20%) aims to reduce the risk of infection recurrence, but most of the used agents are associated with undesirable side effects. Therefore, the use of natural scolicidal agents such as medicinal plant extracts could reduce these medical issues. The present study aimed to compare in vitro the scolicidal activity between two extracts of the medicinal plant Myrtus communis from Algeria against Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato protoscoleces. METHODS The ethanolic and aqueous extraction of plant leaves was performed. Phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH were evaluated for both extracts. Finally, the in vitro scolicidal activity was tested by different concentrations. The viability was evaluated by the eosin exclusion test. RESULTS The phytochemical analysis revealed 28 components for the ethanolic extract and 44 components for the aqueous extract. The major components were 2'-hydroxy-5'-methoxyacetophenone and 4-amino-2-methylphenol, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were 45.9 ± 0.085 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of extract (GAE/g E) and 16.5 ± 0.004 mg of quercetin equivalent per g (QE/g E) for the ethanolic extract, and 36.5 ± 0.016 mg GAE/g E and 18.2 ± 0.023 mg QE/g E for the aqueous extract, respectively. Furthermore, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis gave a value of IC50 = 0.009 ± 0.0004 mg/ml and IC50 = 0.012 ± 0.0003 mg/ml for the antioxidant activity, respectively. The in vitro scolicidal activity with concentrations of 50, 75, 100, and 150 mg/ml was tested for 5, 10, 15, and 30 min, and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min for ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. The mortality rate of protoscoleces at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/ml was 98.8 and 100%, respectively, after 5 min of exposure to the ethanolic extract, while this rate was 100% at the same concentrations only after 60 min of exposure to the aqueous extract. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract showed a stronger scolicidal activity against E. granulosus s.l protoscoleces than the aqueous extract. In the future, other investigations are necessary to elucidate the mechanism of action and the possible toxicity on human cells. Moreover, experimental animal studies are required to investigate the efficacy of different extracts of this plant and its components as natural anti-parasitic alternatives for the treatment of human cystic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Benmarce
- Laboratory of Applied Pediatric Surgery, CHU of Setif, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria.
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria.
| | - Assia Haif
- Laboratory of Applied Pediatric Surgery, CHU of Setif, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Service of Surgery of the Child and the Adolescent CHU of Setif, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - M Celina Elissondo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM CONICET-UNMdP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales - UNMdP, Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata - CONICET, Centro de Asociación Simple CIC PBA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Samia Bouaziz
- Biochemistry and Microbiology Department, University of M'sila, M'sila, Algeria
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Assia Bentahar
- Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
- Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University, Setif 1, Setif, Algeria
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP, 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
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Baysal İ, Örsten S, Cengiz G, Ünal E, Doğrul AB, Çiftçi T, Çiftçi SY, Akinci D, Akhan O. Assessing the Potential Apoptotic Effects of Different Hydatid Cyst Fluids on Human Healthy Hepatocytes and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:700-709. [PMID: 38372909 PMCID: PMC11001659 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus in humans. Emerging evidence suggests an intriguing inverse association between E. granulosus infection and the occurrence of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the influence of diverse host-derived hydatid cyst fluids (HCF) with distinct genotypes on human liver hepatocytes (HC) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). Specifically, we examined their effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis sensitivity (BAX/BCL-2), apoptosis-related p53 expression, and the expression of cancer-related microRNA (hsa-miR-181b-3p). Cell proliferation assays, real-time PCR, and ELISA studies were conducted to evaluate potential anti-cancer properties. The findings revealed that animal-origin HCF (G1(A)) induced direct cell death by augmenting the susceptibility of HepG2 cells to apoptosis. Treatment with both G1(A) and G1(H) HCF sensitized HepG2 and HC cell lines to apoptosis by modulating the BAX/BCL-2 ratio, accompanied by upregulation of the p53 gene. Additionally, G1(A) HCF and human-derived HCFs (G1(H), G7(H)) reduced the expression of miR-181b-3p in HepG2 cells. Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential anti-cancer effect of HCF in HepG2 cells and provides the first comparative assessment of HCFs from human and animal sources with diverse genotypes, offering novel insights into this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Baysal
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Serra Örsten
- Vocational School of Health Services, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Görkem Cengiz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Yüksek İhtisas University, 06291, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Ünal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bülent Doğrul
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Türkmen Çiftçi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samiye Yabanoğlu Çiftçi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Devrim Akinci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Akhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Pereira I, Paludo GP, Hidalgo C, Stoore C, Baquedano MS, Cabezas C, Cancela M, Ferreira HB, Bastías M, Riveros A, Meneses C, Sáenz L, Paredes R. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune evasion related genes in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10126. [PMID: 38510493 PMCID: PMC10954194 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l). In the intermediate host, this disease is characterized by the growth of cysts in viscera such as liver and lungs, inside of which the parasite develops to the next infective stage known as protoscoleces. There are records that the infected viscera affect the development and morphology of E. granulosus s.l. protoscolex in hosts such as buffalo or humans. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remains unknown. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using a set of RNAseq data obtained from E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) protoscoleces found in liver and lung cysts reveals 34 modules in protoscoleces of liver origin, of which 12 have differential co-expression from protoscoleces of lung origin. Three of these twelve modules contain hub genes related to immune evasion: tegument antigen, tegumental protein, ubiquitin hydrolase isozyme L3, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 3, tetraspanin CD9 antigen, and the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mbd2. Also, two of the twelve modules contain only hypothetical proteins with unknown orthology, which means that there are a group of unknown function proteins co-expressed inside the protoscolex of liver CE cyst origin. This is the first evidence of gene expression differences in protoscoleces from CE cysts found in different viscera, with co-expression networks that are exclusive to protoscoleces from liver CE cyst samples. This should be considered in the control strategies of CE, as intermediate hosts can harbor CE cysts in liver, lungs, or both organs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Pereira
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Prado Paludo
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Christian Hidalgo
- Núcleo de Investigaciones Aplicadas en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Santiago Centro, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroll Stoore
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Soledad Baquedano
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Cabezas
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Cancela
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazi
| | - Macarena Bastías
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aníbal Riveros
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- Laboratorio de Vacunas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Trigui A, Khmekhem N, Fendri S, Daoud R, Akrout A, Trabelsi J, Mzali R, Cheikhrouhou F, Ayadi A, Dziri C, Amar MB, Boujelbene S. Viability predictive factors of the daughter vesicles in hepatic cystic echinococcosis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:43. [PMID: 38172702 PMCID: PMC10765707 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Management of cystic echinococcosis (CE) requires knowledge of certain aspects related to the survival of Echinococcus granulosus. The viability of daughter vesicles (DV) is a determining factor in guiding therapeutic indications, particularly for transiently active Cysts type CE3b. PURPOSE To determine the predictive factors of DV viability and its impact on the therapeutic management of CE3b type. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a prospective pilot study with an analytical aim on patients with cystic echinococcosis of the liver type CE2 and CE3b, operated in the General Surgery Department of Habib-Bourguiba Academic Hospital, Sfax-Tunisia for 22 months from March 2018 until December 2019. The unit of the study is the DV. A parasitological study of the DV was done in the parasitology laboratory. RESULTS During the study period, 27 (40.9%) of 66 operated CE Disease from 21 patients containing 248 DV were explored. The median viability of DV protoscoleces was 16.7%. In bivariate analysis, factors for viability of DV protoscoleces were: fever, acute cholangitis, hyperbilirubinemia, left liver location, rock water and bilious echinococcal fluid (EF), cyst size ≥ 43 mm, Intracystic pressure ≥ 35 mmHg, DV size ≥ 6.5 mm, volume, number of DV/cyst ≥ 5, and opaque wall (p < 0.05). Predictive factors for the Non-viability of DV were: CE3b type, purulent EF, gelatinous EF. In multivariate analysis, only CE2 type, cyst size ≥ 43 mm, number of DV/cyst ≥ 5 and DV size ≥ 6.5 mm were factors significantly associated with the viability of DV protoscoleces. CONCLUSION CE3b cysts without the criteria of viability of DV protoscoleces may become candidates for the 'Wait-and-Watch' procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen Trigui
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia.
| | - Nahed Khmekhem
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Fendri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Daoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
| | - Amira Akrout
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
| | - Jihene Trabelsi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, University of Sfax, Hedi Cheker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Mzali
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Cheikhrouhou
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ayadi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chadli Dziri
- General Surgery, Honoris Medical Simulation Center Director, Medical school of Tunis, University El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Amar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
| | - Saleh Boujelbene
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General and Digestive Surgery, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, 3029, Tunisia
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Antolová D, Šnábel V, Jarošová J, Cavallero S, D’Amelio S, Syrota Y, Rosoľanka R, Avdičová M, Miterpáková M. Human alveolar echinococcosis in Slovakia: Epidemiology and genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis, 2000-2023. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011876. [PMID: 38198452 PMCID: PMC10805277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious parasitic disease caused by larval stages of Echinococcus multilocularis. Between January 2000 and October 2023, 137 AE cases were confirmed in Slovakia. The average annual incidence increased from 0.031 per 100,000 inhabitants between 2000 and 2011, to an average of 0.187 since 2012, i.e. about six times. Among patients, 45.3% were men and 54.7% were women; the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 52.8 years. Most cases were diagnosed in the age groups 51-60 years and 61-70 years (33 cases each), and eight patients fell into the age category ≤ 20 years. To better recognize the gene diversity in clinical samples, metacestodes from 21 patients collected between 2013 and 2021 were subjected to DNA sequencing of four mitochondrial genes. Using concatenated sequences of cob (603 bp), nad2 (882 bp) and cox1 (789 bp) gene fragments, 14 isolates (66.7%) were assigned to the European E5 profile of E. multilocularis, two isolates (9.5%) to the E5a subtype, four isolates (19%) to the E4 profile, and one isolate (4.8%) to haplogroup E1/E2. The E5-type profiles and E4 profiles were distributed throughout the country, whereas the E1/E2 profile was found in the patient from western Slovakia. According to the data obtained and GenBank sequences, the E5-type dispersal is so far limited to central-eastern Europe and the variant seems to be indigenous to that region. The admixture with the haplotypes E4 and E1/E2 could have taken place from a historical endemic focus during the fox expansion in the last decades. By employing the nad1 fragment, a typical European haplotype was observed in all 21 resolved Slovak samples. The acceleration in the AE incidence in the last decade suggests the emergence of the disease and the need for further research on human and animal isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Antolová
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Júlia Jarošová
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Serena Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Amelio
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Yaroslav Syrota
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Róbert Rosoľanka
- Clinic of Infectology and Travel Medicine, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, Comenius University Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mária Avdičová
- Regional Authority of Public Health Banská Bystrica, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Martina Miterpáková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia
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Luo G, Li H, Lu Q, Cao J, Lv H, Jiang Y. Effects of protoscoleces excretory-secretory products of Echinococcus granulosus on hepatocyte growth, function, and glucose metabolism. Acta Trop 2024; 249:107066. [PMID: 37944837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most widespread and harmful zoonotic parasitic diseases, which most commonly affects the liver. In this study, we characterized multiple changes in mouse hepatocytes following treatment with excretory-secretory products (ESPs) of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces (Eg-PSCs) by a factorial experiment. The cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), the 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the growth of hepatocytes. Inverted microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. An automatic biochemical analyzer and an ELISA detection kit were used to determine six conventional hepatocyte enzymatic indices, the levels of five hepatocyte-synthesized substances, and the contents of glucose and lactate. Western blot analysis was conducted to analyze the protein expression of three apoptosis-related proteins, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and six glucose metabolism pathways rate-limiting enzymes in hepatocytes. The results showed that ESPs inhibited hepatocyte proliferation and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. The cell membrane and microvilli of hepatocytes changed, and the nucleus, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were damaged to varying degrees. The contents of iron, albumin (ALB), uric acid (UA) and urea were increased, and the activities of six enzymes in hepatocytes were increased except for the decrease of transferrin (TRF). The expression levels of all six key enzymes in the glucose metabolism pathway in hepatocytes were reduced. Our characterization provides a basis for further research on the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Luo
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anyue County People's Hospital, Ziyang, 642350, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Anyue County People's Hospital, Ziyang, 642350, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangtao Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailong Lv
- Section for Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China.
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Yan L, Li Y, Li R, Liu M, He X, Yang X, Cho WC, Ayaz M, Kandil OM, Yang Y, Song H, Zheng Y. Comparative characterization of microRNA-71 of Echinococcus granulosus exosomes. Parasite 2023; 30:55. [PMID: 38084936 PMCID: PMC10714675 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a global zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus, posing a great threat to human and animal health. MiRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNA involved in the pathogenesis of parasitic diseases, possibly via exosomes. Egr-miR-71 has been identified as one of the miRNAs in the blood of CE patients, but its secretory characteristics and functions remains unclear. Herein, we studied the secretory and biological activity of exosomal egr-miR-71 and its immunoregulatory functions in sheep peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that egr-miR-71 was enriched in the exosome secreted by protoscoleces with biological activity. These egr-miR-71-containing exosomes were easily internalized and then induced the dysregulation of cytokines (IL-10 and TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO) and key components (CD14 and IRF5) in the LPS/TLR4 pathway in the coincubated sheep PBMCs. Similarly, egr-miR-71 overexpression also altered the immune functions but exhibited obvious differences in regulation of the cytokines and key components, preferably inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α). These results demonstrate that exosomal egr-miR-71 is bioactive and capacity of immunomodulation of PBMCs, potentially being involved in immune responses during E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Yating Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Xuedong He
- College of Animal sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian-Taiwan Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Xing Yang
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Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University Dali 671000 Yunnan China
| | - William C. Cho
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Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mazhar Ayaz
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Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur 73000 Pakistan
| | - Omnia M. Kandil
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Depterment of Parasitology and Animal Disease, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Yongchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Houhui Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University Hangzhou 311300 China
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Khan H, Celik F, Simsek S, Harandi MF, Ahmed H. Genetic diversity and haplotypes of Echinococcus granulosus isolated from cattle and buffaloes and first report of E. ortleppi (G5) in buffaloes in Pakistan based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 gene (mt-CO1) markers. Exp Parasitol 2023; 255:108648. [PMID: 37944659 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease that is caused by larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm, one of the most important and neglected zoonotic disease. Although the echinococcosis is endemic in the neighboring countries, information regarding circulating genotypes of E. granulosus sensu lato is scarce in Pakistan. Therefore, the main purpose of this report was to contribute in molecular epidemiology and to find genetic variation and haplotypes of E. granulosus s.l. in cattle and buffalo isolates. To identify species circulating in country, parasite samples were collected from different slaughterhouses and butcher shops of two major cities, Rawalpindi and Peshawar located in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) provinces, Pakistan, respectively. A total of 100 CE cyst samples were investigated from buffalo (n = 61), and cattle (n = 39) hosts. After genomic DNA extraction from individual cyst materials, mt-CO1 (875 bp) gene was amplified by PCR. After that, PCR products were electrophoresed on the agarose gel then purified and sequenced using forward primer. The sequences were trimmed (779 bp), aligned and matched with NCBI published sequences. E. granulosus s.s. (G1, G3) (71.4%; n = 20/28) was confirmed as the dominant species in buffalo and cattle. E. ortleppi (G5) (28.6%; n = 8/28) was recorded for the first time in both buffalo and cattle isolates from Rawalpindi. E. granulosus s.l. haplotype network showed single predominant haplotype, which comprised 40% of population. Tajima's D and Fu's Fs were negative and significant for E. ortleppi (G5), suggesting population expansion in Pakistan. Therefore, more studies using isolates of E. granulosus s.l. from various locations and intermediate hosts across Pakistan will add new data on molecular epidemiology and genotyping for effective control strategies of CE in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Moloi S, Tari T, Halász T, Gallai B, Nagy G, Csivincsik Á. Global and local drivers of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in the western Balkan region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21176. [PMID: 38040783 PMCID: PMC10692075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46632-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cestode, Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most threatening parasitic challenges in the European Union. Despite the warming climate, the parasite intensively spread in Europe's colder and warmer regions. Little is known about the expansion of E. multilocularis in the Balkan region. Ordinary least squares, geographically weighted and multi-scale geographically weighted regressions were used to detect global and local drivers that influenced the prevalence in red foxes and golden jackals in the southwestern part of Hungary. Based on the study of 391 animals, the overall prevalence exceeded 18% (in fox 15.2%, in jackal 21.1%). The regression models revealed that the wetland had a global effect (β = 0.391, p = 0.006). In contrast, on the local scale, the mean annual precipitation (β = 0.285, p = 0.008) and the precipitation seasonality (β = - 0.211, p = 0.014) had statistically significant effects on the infection level. The geospatial models suggested that microclimatic effects might compensate for the disadvantages of a warmer Mediterranean climate. This study calls attention to fine-scale analysis and locally acting environmental factors, which can delay the expected epidemic fade-out. The findings of our study are suggested to consider in surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibusiso Moloi
- One Health Working Group, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. U. 40., Kaposvár, 7400, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tari
- Institute of Wildlife Biology and Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary
| | - Tibor Halász
- Zselic Wildlife Estate, Somogy County Forest Management and Wood Industry Share Co. Ltd., Kaposvár, 7400, Hungary
| | - Bence Gallai
- Institute of Geomatics and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nagy
- One Health Working Group, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. U. 40., Kaposvár, 7400, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Csivincsik
- One Health Working Group, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Kaposvár Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba S. U. 40., Kaposvár, 7400, Hungary
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Schneider C, Kratzer W, Binzberger A, Schlingeloff P, Baumann S, Romig T, Schmidberger J. Echinococcus multilocularis and other zoonotic helminths in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from a southern German hotspot for human alveolar echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:425. [PMID: 37980538 PMCID: PMC10657614 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the spatial distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in its main definitive host, the red fox, and the distribution of human cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) within a highly endemic focus in southern Germany (13.7-19.9/100,000 in 1992-2018). Human cases were unequally distributed within the endemicity focus. The purpose of the study was to test whether this is reflected in the small-scale distribution of E. multilocularis in foxes. METHODS Three areas with contrasting numbers of human cases were selected within the counties of Ravensburg and Alb-Donau, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. From 2018 to 2020, a total of 240 fox carcasses were obtained from traditional hunters in these areas. Carcasses were necropsied and examined for the presence of intestinal helminths. The statistical analysis was performed with SAS version 9.4, and the geo-mapping with QGIS version 3.16.0 Hannover. RESULTS The prevalence of E. multilocularis in foxes was 44/106 (41.5%) in area I (commune Leutkirch and environs), 30/59 (50.8%) in area II (commune Isny and environs), and 31/75 (41.3%) in area III (commune Ehingen and environs). From 1992 to 2018, a total of nine human cases of alveolar echinococcosis were recorded in area I, five cases were recorded in study area III, and no cases were recorded in area II. No statistically significant differences between the areas were observed (P > 0.05) for intestinal infections with E. multilocularis, and no apparent spatial correlation with the small-scale distribution of human cases was found. Concerning other zoonotic helminths, Toxocara spp. were equally common, with prevalence of 38.7%, 47.4% and 48.0%, respectively, while the frequency of Alaria alata varied among the study areas (0.0-9.4%), probably reflecting the specific habitat requirements for the establishment of its complex life cycle. CONCLUSIONS Echinococcus multilocularis is highly prevalent in foxes in all the studied areas. The varying number of human AE cases within these areas should therefore be caused by factors other than the intensity of parasite transmission in foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Schneider
- Department of Parasitology, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas Binzberger
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrycja Schlingeloff
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Baumann
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Romig
- Department of Parasitology, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Schmidberger
- Klinik Für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Leroux M, Benavides U, Hellel-Bourtal I, Silvarrey C, Milhau N, Marchal T, Bourgeois S, Lawton P, Briançon S, Petavy AF, Lahmar S, Esteves A, Almouazen E, Azzouz-Maache S. Development of an oral nanovaccine for dogs against Echinococcus granulosus. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:185-195. [PMID: 37769880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Dogs are the main source of animal and human cystic echinococcosis caused by the Cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Dog vaccination seems to be a good strategy to control this parasitic disease. Here we present the development of a polymeric nanoparticle-based oral vaccine for dogs against Echinococcus granulosus delivered in enteric-coated capsules. To achieve our target, we encapsulated two recombinant antigens into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in the presence of Monophosphoryl lipid A as an adjuvant to ensure efficient delivery and activation of a protective mucosal immune response. The formulated delivery system showed a nanoparticle size less than 200 nm with more than 80 % antigen encapsulation efficiency and conserved integrity and immunogenicity. The nanoparticle surface was coated with chitosan to enhance adhesion to the gut mucosa and a subsequent antigen delivery. Chitosan-coated nanoparticles showed a higher cell internalization in murine macrophages and dendritic cells as well as a higher penetration into Caco-2 cells in vitro. Antigen-loaded nanoparticles were freeze-dried and enteric-coated capsules were filled with the obtained powder. The obtained results show a promising nanoparticles delivery system for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Leroux
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Uruguaysito Benavides
- Academic Unit of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Imène Hellel-Bourtal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cecilia Silvarrey
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nadège Milhau
- UPSP ICE, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Thierry Marchal
- UPSP ICE, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 avenue Bourgelat, F-69280 Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgeois
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Lawton
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Stephanie Briançon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Petavy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Samia Lahmar
- National School of Veterinary Medicine, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Adriana Esteves
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eyad Almouazen
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Samira Azzouz-Maache
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude-Bernard Lyon I, ISPB-Faculté de Pharmacie, F-69008 Lyon, France.
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He X, Shao G, Du X, Hua R, Song H, Chen Y, Zhu X, Yang G. Molecular characterization and functional implications on mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells of annexin proteins from Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:350. [PMID: 37803469 PMCID: PMC10559496 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a life-threatening zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, which employs various strategies to evade the host immune system for survival. Recent advances have revealed the role of annexins as excretory/secretory products, providing new insights into the immune regulation by these proteins in the pathogenesis of CE. METHODS Echinococcus granulosus annexin B proteins EgANXB2, EgANXB18, EgANXB20, and EgANXB23 were cloned, expressed, and analyzed using bioinformatic tools. Membrane binding analysis was used to assess their bioactivity, while their immunoreactivity and tissue distribution characteristics were determined experimentally using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the mRNA expression profiles of EgANXBs in different developmental stages of E. granulosus. Finally, immunofluorescence staining, cell counting kit 8 assays, flow cytometry, transwell migration assays, and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the functional effects of rEgANXB18 and rEgANXB20 on mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS In this study, we identified four EgANXBs with conserved protein structures and calcium-dependent phospholipid binding activities. rEgANXBs were recognized by serum from sheep infected with E. granulosus and distributed in the germinal layer of fertile cysts. Interestingly, transcription levels of the four EgANXBs were significantly higher in protoscoleces than in 28-day strobilated worms. Moreover, we demonstrated that rEgANXB18 and rEgANXB20 were secretory proteins that could bind to PBMCs and regulate their function. Specifically, rEgANXB18 inhibited cell proliferation and migration while promoting cell apoptosis, NO production, and cytokine profile shifting. In contrast, rEgANXB20 showed limited effects on apoptosis but inhibited NO production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that among the four identified EgANXBs, EgANXB2 and EgANXB23 might play a pivotal role for the development of protoscoleces, while EgANXB18 and EgANXB20, as secretory proteins, appeared to participate in the host-parasite interaction by regulating the function of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Shao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Chen Q, Liu C, Li C, Zhang B, Fan H. [Traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis: a review]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2023; 35:398-406. [PMID: 37926477 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2022266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infection with Echinococcus species. As the drug of first choice for treatment of echinococcosis, albendazole suffers from problems of large doses and remarkable adverse reactions in clinical therapy. Development of novel drugs against echinococcosis is of urgent need. Recently, great advances have been achieved in the research on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis. This review summarizes the progress of researches on traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of echinococcosis, aiming to provide insights into development of anti-echinococcosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - C Liu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - C Li
- Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - B Zhang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
| | - H Fan
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
- Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
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22
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Liu C, Cao J, Zhang H, Field MC, Yin J. Extracellular vesicles secreted by Echinococcus multilocularis: important players in angiogenesis promotion. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105147. [PMID: 37142117 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of Echinococcus multilocularis, and other parasitic helminths, in regulating host physiology is well recognized, but molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by helminths play important roles in regulating parasite-host interactions by transferring materials to the host. Analysis of protein cargo of EVs from E. multilocularis protoscoleces in the present study revealed a unique composition exclusively associated with vesicle biogenesis. Common proteins in various Echinococcus species were identified, including the classical EVs markers tetraspanins, TSG101 and Alix. Further, unique tegumental antigens were identified which could be exploited as Echinococcus EV markers. Parasite- and host-derived proteins within these EVs are predicted to support important roles in parasite-parasite and parasite-host communication. In addition, the enriched host-derived protein payloads identified in parasite EVs in the present study suggested that they can be involved in focal adhesion and potentially promote angiogenesis. Further, increased angiogenesis was observed in livers of mice infected with E. multilocularis and the expression of several angiogenesis-regulated molecules, including VEGF, MMP9, MCP-1, SDF-1 and serpin E1 were increased. Significantly, EVs released by the E. multilocularis protoscolex promoted proliferation and tube formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. Taken together, we present the first evidence that tapeworm-secreted EVs may promote angiogenesis in Echinococcus-infections, identifying central mechanisms of Echinococcus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congshan Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haobing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jianhai Yin
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Blanco V, Mozzo B, Alvite G. Dimerization, host-parasite communication and expression studies of an Echinococcus granulosus 2DBD nuclear receptor. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2055-2063. [PMID: 37395819 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate various biological processes, such as metabolism, development and reproduction. Although NRs with two DNA-binding domains (2DBD) were identified in Schistosoma mansoni (Platyhelminth, Trematoda) more than fifteen years ago, these proteins have been poorly studied. 2DBD-NRs could become attractive therapeutic targets to combat parasitic diseases such as cystic echinococcosis since this type of protein is absent in vertebrate hosts. Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the parasitic platyhelminth Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda) that generates an important public health problem and a significant economic loss. Recently, our research group identified four 2DBD-NRs in E. granulosus, named Eg2DBDα, Eg2DBDα.1 (an isoform of Eg2DBDα), Eg2DBDβ, and Eg2DBDγ. This work demonstrated that Eg2DBDα.1 forms homodimers through the E and F regions, whereas its interaction with EgRXRβa could not be detected. In addition, the stimulation of Eg2DBDα.1 homodimerization by intermediate host serum was shown, suggesting that at least one lipophilic molecule from bovine serum could bind to Eg2DBDα.1. Finally, Eg2DBDs expression studies in the protoscolex larval stage were performed, indicating that Eg2dbdγ is not expressed, whereas Eg2dbdα has the highest expression level followed by Eg2dbdβ and Eg2dbdα.1 in decreased order. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the mechanism of action of Eg2DBDα.1 and its potential role in host-parasite communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Blanco
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruno Mozzo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Alvite
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Wu Y, Li L, Xu F, Yan H, Ohiolei JA, Shumuye NA, Nian X, Li W, Zhang N, Fu B, Jia W. Establishment of a secondary infection laboratory model of Echinococcus shiquicus metacestode using BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds ( Meriones unguiculatus). Parasitology 2023; 150:813-820. [PMID: 37475454 PMCID: PMC10478056 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182023000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus shiquicus is peculiar to the Qinghai–Tibet plateau of China. Research on this parasite has mainly focused on epidemiological surveys and life cycle studies. So far, limited laboratory studies have been reported. Here, experimental infection of E. shiquicus metacestode in BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) was carried out to establish alternative laboratory animal models. Intraperitoneal inoculation of metacestode material containing protoscoleces (PSCs) obtained from infected plateau pikas were conducted on BALB/c mice. Furthermore, metacestode material without PSCs deriving from infected BALB/c mice was intraperitoneally inoculated to Mongolian jirds. Experimental animals were dissected for macroscopic and histopathological examination. The growth of cysts in BALB/c mice was infiltrative, and they invaded the murine entire body. Most of the metacestode cysts were multicystic, but a few were unilocular. The cysts contained sterile vesicles, which had no PSCs. The metacestode materials were able to successfully infect new mice. In the jirds model, E. shiquicus cysts were typically formed freely in the peritoneal cavity; the majority of these cysts were free while a small portion adhered loosely to nearby organs. The proportion of fertile cysts was high, and contained many PSCs. The PSCs produced in Mongolian jirds also successfully infected new ones, which confirms that jirds can serve as an alternative experimental intermediate host. In conclusion, a laboratory animal infection was successfully established for E. shiquicus using BALB/c mice and Mongolian jirds. These results provide new models for the in-depth study of Echinococcus metacestode survival strategy, host interactions and immune escape mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nigus Abebe Shumuye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianzhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoquan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanzhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention/College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University/National Para-reference Laboratory for Animal Echinococcosis/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of Agriculture Ministry/Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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Habibi B, Gholami S, Bagheri A, Fakhar M, Moradi A, Khazeei Tabari MA. Cystic echinococcosis microRNAs as potential noninvasive biomarkers: current insights and upcoming perspective. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:885-894. [PMID: 37553726 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2246367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Echinococcosis, also known as hydatidosis, is a zoonotic foodborne disease occurred by infection with the larvae of Echinococcus spp. which can lead to the development of hydatid cysts in various organs of the host. The diagnosis of echinococcosis remains challenging due to limited diagnostic tools. AREAS COVERED In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a promising biomarker for various infectious diseases, including those caused by helminths. Recent studies have identified several novel miRNAs in Echinococcus spp. shedding light on their essential roles in hydatid cyst host-parasite interactions. In this regard, several studies have shown that Echinococcus-derived miRNAs are present in biofluids such as serum and plasma of infected hosts. The detection of these miRNAs in the early stages of infection can serve as an early prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for echinococcosis. EXPERT OPINION The miRNAs specific to Echinococcus spp. show great potential as early diagnostic biomarkers for echinococcosis and can also provide insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of Echinococcus-specific miRNAs, their use as early diagnostic biomarkers, and their function in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentolhoda Habibi
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry-Biophysics and Genetics, Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Department of Parasitology, Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran Registry Center for Hydatid Cyst, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Alimohammad Moradi
- Department of General Surgery Division of HPB and Transplantation Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nasibi S, Mojarrab S, Lashkarizadeh MR, Shafiei M, Saedi Dezaki E, Mahmoudvand H, Alizadeh A, Mohammadzadeh A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Mirbadie SR, Keighobadi M, Gholami S, Raeghi S, Abbasi M, Mohtasham F, Ravari MS, Dabirzadeh M, Mosavi Anari SA, Mirjalali H, Aliakbarian M, Abbasifard M, Fasihi Harandi M. Iranian Hydatid Disease Registry: Establishment and Implementation of a Neglected Tropical Disease Registry. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:358-364. [PMID: 38301093 PMCID: PMC10685822 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a global public health concern which imposes considerable economic costs on the communities in endemic regions. CE surveillance data are not adequately reliable. The present study reports the development and outcomes of a CE registry in Iran. METHODS Hydatid Registry (HydatidReg) was initially established as a single-center registry in 2014 after the ethical approval of KMU. Following a call from MoHME to promote registry of different diseases and health outcomes, a call for participation was announced and all the Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences were requested to contribute to the registry. Subsequently, a nation-wide registry of hydatid disease was established in 2016. With a global perspective, HydatidReg joined the European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis (ERCE). A data collection form based on minimum dataset was designed and standard operating procedures (SOPs) were prepared to ensure standardized patient enrolment in the registry. A biobank system with two-dimensional barcoding was established along with HydatidReg for management and organization of biological specimens. RESULTS As of March 2021, a total of 690 patients were enrolled in the registry. HydatidReg registered 362 (17.3%) out of the total 2097 patients enrolled in ERCE. Quality control (QC) of the data demonstrated 91.2% completeness and 80% timeliness. In the biobank, 322 biological specimens from 184 CE patients have been deposited including 70 blood, 96 sera and 156 parasite materials. CONCLUSION High-quality data in the HydatidReg registry provided opportunities for health professionals to improve quality of care and organize meaningful research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Nasibi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Mojarrab
- Deputy of Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Saedi Dezaki
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahmoudvand
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Alizadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Alireza Mohammadzadeh
- Disease and Health Outcomes Registry Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shirzad Gholami
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saber Raeghi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Abbasi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohtasham
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Sadat Ravari
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mansour Dabirzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mosavi Anari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliakbarian
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn-Abi-Talib Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Barrios AA, Mouhape C, Schreiber L, Zhang L, Nell J, Suárez-Martins M, Schlapp G, Meikle MN, Mulet AP, Hsu TL, Hsieh SL, Mourglia-Ettlin G, González C, Crispo M, Barth TFE, Casaravilla C, Jenkins SJ, Díaz Á. Mucins Shed from the Laminated Layer in Cystic Echinococcosis Are Captured by Kupffer Cells via the Lectin Receptor Clec4F. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0003123. [PMID: 37162364 PMCID: PMC10269144 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00031-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is caused by the larval stages (hydatids) of cestode parasites belonging to the species cluster Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, with E. granulosus sensu stricto being the main infecting species. Hydatids are bladderlike structures that attain large sizes within various internal organs of livestock ungulates and humans. Hydatids are protected by the massive acellular laminated layer (LL), composed mainly of mucins. Parasite growth requires LL turnover, and abundant LL-derived particles are found at infection sites in infected humans, raising the question of how LL materials are dealt with by the hosts. In this article, we show that E. granulosus sensu stricto LL mucins injected into mice are taken up by Kupffer cells, the liver macrophages exposed to the vascular space. This uptake is largely dependent on the intact mucin glycans and on Clec4F, a C-type lectin receptor which, in rodents, is selectively expressed in Kupffer cells. This uptake mechanism operates on mucins injected both in soluble form intravenously (i.v.) and in particulate form intraperitoneally (i.p.). In mice harboring intraperitoneal infections by the same species, LL mucins were found essentially only at the infection site and in the liver, where they were taken up by Kupffer cells via Clec4F. Therefore, shed LL materials circulate in the host, and Kupffer cells can act as a sink for these materials, even when the parasite grows in sites other than the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabella A. Barrios
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Mouhape
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Linyun Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane Nell
- Institute of Pathology, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mariana Suárez-Martins
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Geraldine Schlapp
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Meikle
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Paula Mulet
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tsui-Ling Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Martina Crispo
- Unidad de Biotecnología en Animales de Laboratorio, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stephen J. Jenkins
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Álvaro Díaz
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Cenni L, Simoncini A, Massetti L, Rizzoli A, Hauffe HC, Massolo A. Current and future distribution of a parasite with complex life cycle under global change scenarios: Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2436-2449. [PMID: 36815401 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Global change is expected to have complex effects on the distribution and transmission patterns of zoonotic parasites. Modelling habitat suitability for parasites with complex life cycles is essential to further our understanding of how disease systems respond to environmental changes, and to make spatial predictions of their future distributions. However, the limited availability of high quality occurrence data with high spatial resolution often constrains these investigations. Using 449 reliable occurrence records for Echinococcus multilocularis from across Europe published over the last 35 years, we modelled habitat suitability for this parasite, the aetiological agent of alveolar echinococcosis, in order to describe its environmental niche, predict its current and future distribution under three global change scenarios, and quantify the probability of occurrence for each European country. Using a machine learning approach, we developed large-scale (25 × 25 km) species distribution models based on seven sets of predictors, each set representing a distinct biological hypothesis supported by current knowledge of the autecology of the parasite. The best-supported hypothesis included climatic, orographic and land-use/land-cover variables such as the temperature of the coldest quarter, forest cover, urban cover and the precipitation seasonality. Future projections suggested the appearance of highly suitable areas for E. multilocularis towards northern latitudes and in the whole Alpine region under all scenarios, while decreases in habitat suitability were predicted for central Europe. Our spatially explicit predictions of habitat suitability shed light on the complex responses of parasites to ongoing global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cenni
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Applied Ecology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Simoncini
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Massetti
- Institute of Bioeconomy of the National Research Council, Firenze, Italy
| | - Annapaola Rizzoli
- Applied Ecology Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Heidi C Hauffe
- Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary, Canada
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Díaz Á, Barrios AA, Grezzi L, Mouhape C, Jenkins SJ, Allen JE, Casaravilla C. Immunology of a unique biological structure: the Echinococcus laminated layer. Protein Cell 2023; 14:87-104. [PMID: 36929004 PMCID: PMC10019577 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal species. The resulting diseases, collectively termed echinococcoses, include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and livestock. Echinococcus larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer (LL), an acellular structure that is unique to this genus. The LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins, which are decorated by galactose-rich O-glycans. In addition, in the species cluster termed E. granulosus sensu lato, the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (Insp6). The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the LL. Major recent advances in this area are (i) the demonstration of LL "debris" at the infection site and draining lymph nodes, (ii) the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Insp6 with respect to complement, (iii) the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells (Clec4F), and (iv) the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and macrophages. Much information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure: we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anabella A Barrios
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Grezzi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Mouhape
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JU, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Cecilia Casaravilla
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (Facultad de Química) and Cátedra de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (Facultad de Ciencias), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dousti M, Sadjjadi SM, Solgi R, Vafafar A, Sharifi Y, Radfar A, Hatam GR. Comparison of Isoenzyme Pattern of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) and E. canadensis (G6/G7) Protoscoleces. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:136-45. [PMID: 37073115 PMCID: PMC10314765 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Different genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect humans and ungulate animals, causing cystic echinococcosis. Simultaneous isoenzyme, as well as molecular characterizations of this parasite, has not yet been investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the isoenzyme pattern of the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and E. canadensis genotypes in Iran. Methods A total of 32 (8 humans and 24 animals) cystic echinococcosis cysts were isolated from Shiraz, Tehran, Ilam, and Birjand from May 2018 to December 2020. The DNAs were extracted and their genotypes were determined by molecular methods. Enzymes were extracted from the cysts and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate sehydrogenase (G6PD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), nucleoside hydrolyse 1 (NH1), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were examined in the cyst samples using isoenzyme method and compared it with the genotyping findings. Results DNA sequence analysis of the samples showed that the specimens contained 75% E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and 25% E. canadensis (G6) genotypes. The isoenzyme pattern of ICD in both genotypes produced a six-band pattern with different relative factors. The G6PD also produced two bands with different relative migrations in both genotypes. The MDH and NH1 systems revealed a two-band pattern, while only one band was generated in the ME enzyme in the E. granulosus s.s. genotype. In the E. canadensis, the MDH and NH1 enzymes showed one band, and the ME enzyme represented a two-band pattern. Conclusion Our findings suggest that E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis genotypes have entirely different isoenzyme patterns for NH1, G6PD, MDH, and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Dousti
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahmat Solgi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arghavan Vafafar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yosef Sharifi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Radfar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wei Y, Li W, Shao C, Zhao H, Hu Y, Liu H, Cao J. The polymorphic analysis of cox1 and cob genes of Echinococcus granulosus in the Ngari region of Tibet in China. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106803. [PMID: 36566892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). CE seriously threatens human health and the development of animal husbandry. The Ngari region is one of the world's highest endemic regions for CE, while genetic polymorphisms of E. granulosus were unclear. Paraffin slices of liver Cyst were collected from seventy-nine surgical patients with echinococcosis in the Ngari region. DNA was extracted from samples. The cox1 and cob genes of mitochondrial DNA of E. granulosus were simultaneously amplified and sequenced. The sequencing results were compared with the standard sequence (KU925397.1and HF947574.1). Phylogenetic trees and the haplotype network of cob and cox1 genes were constructed and analyzed genotypes of E. granulosus isolated from humans in the Ngari Region of Tibet. Out of 79 hydatid cyst samples collected from surgery patients, 60 isolates were identified as G1/ G3, and two isolates were identified as G6/ G7. Analysis of the cob/ cox1 genes revealed 9/7 mutations resulting in 8/6 haplotypes, respectively. The cob and cox1 neutrality indices computed by Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests showed high negative values in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (E. granulosus s. s.). The result suggested that E. granulosus in the Ngari region experienced population expansion or a negative selection. We found that G1/ G3 was still the main genotype, and G6/ G7 was found occasionally in humans of the Ngari region. Therefore, we recommend future surveys and control efforts to investigate G1/ G3 and G6/ G7 transmission in the Ngari region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Wei
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wujun Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xian 710077, China
| | - Chunhai Shao
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory Department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xian 710068, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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Fasihi Karami M, Beiromvand M, Rafiei A, Dayer D, Rahdar M, Bahreini A, Dastyar AA. Can Echinococcus granulosus-Derived MicroRNAs be Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Follow-up of Cystic Echinococcosis Patients? Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:231-239. [PMID: 36637695 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00654-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical disease caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs acting as mediators in host-parasite interaction. Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on miRNAs in infectious diseases; however, little data are available about the role of miRNAs in pathogenesis and early diagnosis of CE. METHODS The current study evaluated the expression of four E. granulosus-derived miRNAs, including egr-miR-125,5p, egr-let-7,5p, egr-miR-2, and egr-miR-71 in fibrotic and healthy liver tissues of 31 CE patients with active and inactive hydatid cysts by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Of the 31 patients, 48.4% had active cysts (CE1 and CE2), while the remainder had transitional (16.1%) and inactive (35.5%) CE types cysts. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a significant increase of 11.2, 9.91, 6.2, and 13.1-fold in the fibrotic tissue group for egr-miR-125,5p, egr-let-7,5p, egr-miR-2, and egr-miR-71, respectively. Among these miRNAs, egr-miR-125-5p exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8050 for predicting liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new data about the role of E. granulosus-derived miRNAs in pathogenesis of CE. The high AUC of egr-miR125,5p reflecting the possibility of using egr-miR125,5p as biomarker in CE diagnosis. Further studies on serum of CE patients are needed to confirm the potential role of circulating egr-miR-2a-3p and egr-miR-125-5p in the early diagnosis of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fasihi Karami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Molouk Beiromvand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Rafiei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Dian Dayer
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahdar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amin Bahreini
- Department of Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Dastyar
- Department of Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Dousti M, Sadjjadi SM, Solgi R, Vafafar A, Sharifi Y, Radfar A, Hatam GR. Comparison of Isoenzyme Pattern of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3) and E. canadensis (G6/G7) Protoscoleces. Iran Biomed J 2023; 27:136-45. [PMID: 37073115 PMCID: PMC10314765 DOI: 10.61186/ibj.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Different genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) infect humans and ungulate animals, causing cystic echinococcosis. Simultaneous isoenzyme, as well as molecular characterizations of this parasite, has not yet been investigated in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the isoenzyme pattern of the E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) and E. canadensis genotypes in Iran. Methods A total of 32 (8 humans and 24 animals) cystic echinococcosis cysts were isolated from Shiraz, Tehran, Ilam, and Birjand from May 2018 to December 2020. The DNAs were extracted and their genotypes were determined by molecular methods. Enzymes were extracted from the cysts and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate sehydrogenase (G6PD), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), malic enzyme (ME), nucleoside hydrolyse 1 (NH1), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were examined in the cyst samples using isoenzyme method and compared it with the genotyping findings. Results DNA sequence analysis of the samples showed that the specimens contained 75% E. granulosus s.s. (G1) and 25% E. canadensis (G6) genotypes. The isoenzyme pattern of ICD in both genotypes produced a six-band pattern with different relative factors. The G6PD also produced two bands with different relative migrations in both genotypes. The MDH and NH1 systems revealed a two-band pattern, while only one band was generated in the ME enzyme in the E. granulosus s.s. genotype. In the E. canadensis, the MDH and NH1 enzymes showed one band, and the ME enzyme represented a two-band pattern. Conclusion Our findings suggest that E. granulosus s.s. and E. canadensis genotypes have entirely different isoenzyme patterns for NH1, G6PD, MDH, and ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Dousti
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahmat Solgi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Arghavan Vafafar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yosef Sharifi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Radfar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Ju
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
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Xu J, Song G, Xiong M, Zhang Y, Sanlang B, Long G, Wang R. Prediction of the potential suitable habitat of Echinococcus granulosus, the pathogen of echinococcosis, in the Tibetan Plateau under future climate scenarios. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:21404-21415. [PMID: 36269480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic infectious disease caused by human or domestic animals infected with Echinococcus granulosus. China is the country with the heaviest disease burden caused by Echinococcosis in the world. Therefore, it is feasible to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of echinococcosis using relevant ecological methods, combined with environmental factors and human activities. In this study, MaxEnt was used to predict the distribution range of E. granulosus in China under current and future climate scenarios and explain the impact of environmental variables on its distribution. The results showed that elevation (El), annual mean temperature (bio1), human footprint (Hf), annual precipitation (bio12), mean temperature of warmest quarter (bio10), and mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio8) were identified as the dominant environmental variables. In Tibet, the most suitable habitats (25.9 × 104 km2) of E. granulosus were distributed in Nyingchi and Qamdo in the east, Shigatse and Shannan in the south, and Ali in the west. In Sichuan, the most suitable habitat (18.83 × 104 km2) was located in Aba, Ganzi, and Liangshan. In Qinghai, the most suitable habitat (13.05 × 104 km2) mainly included Yushu in the southwest; Guoluo in the southeast; Haidong, Huangnan, Xining, and Hainan in the east; and Haixi in the west. In Gansu, the most suitable habitat (7.36 × 104 km2) was located in Gannan and Linxia in the southwest and Wuwei and Dingxi in the middle. In Yunnan, the most suitable habitat (1.53 × 104 km2) was distributed in Diqing in the northwest. Under future climate scenarios, the area of the most suitable habitat of E. granulosus showed an obvious expansion trend, with an increase of 44.64-70.76%. Trajectory trend of centroids showed that the most suitable habitat would move to the west in the future, and the increased areas were mainly located in the west of the current most suitable habitat. AUC values of the training data and test data were 0.936 ± 0.001 ~ 0.97 ± 0.006 and 0.912 ± 0.006 ~ 0.956 ± 0.015, respectively. The result can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention, monitoring, and early warning of echinococcosis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Song
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Xiong
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bamu Sanlang
- Department of Medicine, the People's Hospital of Dege, Ganzi, 627250, People's Republic of China
| | - Ga Long
- Department of Medicine, the People's Hospital of Dege, Ganzi, 627250, People's Republic of China
| | - Rulin Wang
- Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, People's Republic of China.
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Thiele T, Morf N, Grimm F, Kipar A, Hetzel U. A Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) with alveolar echinococcosis bitten to death by a dog - a challenge for the forensic pathologist as an expert witness. J Comp Pathol 2023; 200:12-17. [PMID: 36610082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a case that illustrates the complex contexts in which forensic veterinary pathology examinations may be carried out. A wild muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) had died after a putative bite attack from a domestic dog. Bite attacks by privately owned dogs on wild animals in Switzerland violate the Swiss civil (and/or hunting) laws, and dog owners are generally punished with a monetary fine; hence, this case appeared to be straightforward. However, the results of the subsequent post-mortem examination of the muskrat not only confirmed the presence of injuries related to the bite attack, but also detected alveolar echinococcosis (ie, infestation with Echinococcus multilocularis). Therefore, as an intermediate host of the parasite, the muskrat could have contributed to further spread of a severe helminthic zoonosis had it not been killed by the dog. It was probably an easy prey for the dog as it probably had been weakened by the disease. Furthermore, muskrats are considered as pests and invasive species, and are non-indigenous huntable game in Switzerland and other European countries in which programmes for the prevention of their further spread and endangerment of native wildlife are established. The role of the forensic veterinary pathologist in such a complex scenario is to adopt an unbiased approach and establish the facts, which in this case was to determine the cause of death and suspected perpetrator, identify any concomitant and/or underlying diseases and consider potential animal welfare issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Thiele
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nadja Morf
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Grimm
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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Göktürk Ş, Göktürk Y. Cerebral echinococcus that can be confused with brain tumour: a case report. Folia Neuropathol 2023; 61:448-451. [PMID: 38174676 DOI: 10.5114/fn.2023.131210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus is a parasitic disease known as echinococcal zoonosis and is often caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Cerebral echinococcus is extremely rare and has been reported to be less than 1% in the literature and it is more common in the childhood age group. In the case we are going to present, the patient is an 83-year-old male who was admitted to our clinic with complaints of headache and forgetfulness. The patient, who was initially thought to have a brain tumour, was pathologically diagnosed as echinococcus after surgery. In our case, in addition to the characteristic features, diagnosis and treatment of echinococcus, the rare cerebral metastatic form was also tried to be explained. Echinococcus, which is frequently encountered in the visceral organs, is most common in the liver, but cases in the brain are very rare. The surgery is the first treatment method of the cerebral form of echinococcus. We must keep the follow-up of patients in the postoperative period due to recurrence of this zoonotic disease. If we live in an endemic area and the patient has a history, cerebral echinococcus should definitely come to mind in patients with brain tumours. Especially, it should be kept in mind that alveolar echinococcus has a malignant course and it should be followed up postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Göktürk
- University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yasin Göktürk
- University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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Eroglu A, Ogul H, Aydin Y. CT Imaging Findings of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis. Curr Med Imaging 2023; 19:97-102. [PMID: 35088676 DOI: 10.2174/1573405618666220128160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis in the metacestode stage. The disease involves the liver in almost all cases, and additionally, lung involvement is accompanied in approximately 13% of the cases. Due to the low incidence of pulmonary alveolar echinococci, there are few case reports of lung involvement in the literature. In this study, computed tomography (CT) findings related to pulmonary involvement in alveolar echinococcosis cases, which have increased worldwide in recent years, were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Eroglu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hayri Ogul
- Department of Radiology, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yener Aydin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
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39
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Guo X, Wang S, Zhang J, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Kong Q, Cho WC, Ju X, Shen Y, Zhang L, Fan H, Cao J, Zheng Y. Proteomic profiling of serum extracellular vesicles identifies diagnostic markers for echinococcosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010814. [PMID: 36206314 PMCID: PMC9581430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus spp. The disease has a long latent period and is largely underdiagnosed, partially because of the lack of effective early diagnostic approaches. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we profiled the serum-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of E. multilocularis-infected mice and identified three parasite-origin proteins, thioredoxin peroxidase 1 (TPx-1), transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (TER ATPase), and 14-3-3, being continuously released by the parasites into the sera during the infection via EVs. Using ELISA, both TPx-1 and TER ATPase were shown to have a good performance in diagnosis of experimental murine echinococcosis as early as 10 days post infection and of human echinococcosis compared with that of control. Moreover, TER ATPase and TPx-1 were further demonstrated to be suitable for evaluation of the prognosis of patients with treatment. The present study discovers the potential of TER ATPase and TPx-1 as promising diagnostic candidates for echinococcosis. Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is one of the neglected zoonotic diseases. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu latu are the causative agents responsible for alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis, respectively. Alveolar echinococcosis is mainly endemic in the areas of the northern hemisphere, whereas cystic echinococcosis has a worldwide distribution. The disease has a long latent period of up to 5 to 10 years and is largely underdiagnosed, partially due to the lack of effective early diagnostic approaches. In recent years, an emerging role of EVs in intercellular communication and diagnosis has been recognized. Here, we employed a proteomic approach to identify parasite-derived proteins in the serum EVs from E. multilocularis-infected mice and assessed their diagnostic values. This study signify the role of EVs for the identification of diagnostic candidates by the discovery of two identified proteins, TER ATPas and TPX-1. First results indicate their diagnostic and prognostic values in experimental murine and human echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JC); (YZ)
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong’e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Qingming Kong
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, School of Biological Engineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; Shanghai, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China; Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JC); (YZ)
| | - Yadong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XG); (JC); (YZ)
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A J, Chai J, Shao Z, Zhao S, Wang H, A X, Yang J. Comparison of local ablation with Albendazole or laparoscopic hepatectomy combined with Albendazole in the treatment of early hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:960635. [PMID: 36276387 PMCID: PMC9580460 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.960635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis (E) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval morphology of echinococcosis tapeworms. Among the recognized species, two are of medical importance-E. granulosus and E. multilocularis-causing cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) in humans, respectively. Diagnosis of AE is based on clinical manifestation and epidemiological data, imaging techniques, histopathology and/or nucleic acid detection, and serology. At present, WHO guidelines suggest that benzimidazoles (BMZ) are mandatory in all AE patients, temporarily after complete resection of the lesions and for life in all other AE cases. Interventional procedures should be preferred to palliative surgery whenever possible, and radical surgery is the first choice in all cases suitable for total resection of the lesion. However, some research centers have proposed that local ablation (LA) including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) is no less effective than radical surgery or better than simple medication in the early stage hepatic AE (WHO-IWGE PNM classification of AE: P1N0M0). This study attempted to compare the real efficacy of the above treatment methods, so as to find the best treatment for this kind of patient. Methods The data of patients with hepatic AE who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), RFA, and MWA in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2021 were collected. At the same time, the cases treated with Albendazole (ABZ) were collected together with the institution for disease control and prevention. According to the treatment methods, the above cases were divided into LH group, RFA group, MWA group, and medication group. The basic data and postoperative recovery indices of the four groups were compared, respectively. Results A total of 199 patients with hepatic AE were enrolled in this study, including 90 males and 109 females. The youngest was 5 years old and the oldest was 66 years old, with an average of 33.41±14.64 years old. 20.6% of the patients had hepatitis B (41/ 199). A total of 45 patients underwent ultrasound-guided RFA, 47 patients underwent ultrasound-guided MWA, 51 patients were treated with ABZ, and 56 patients underwent LH. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics among the four groups (p > 0.05). The RFA group and MWA group were more advantageous than the LH group regarding operation time and incidence of postoperative complications (p < 0.05). But recurrence rate of the lesion in the LH group was significantly lower than the RFA group, MWA group, and medication group. However, there was no significant difference in recurrence-free survival time among the four groups (p >0.05). Conclusion LH has a significant effect in the treatment of early-stage hepatic AE, especially in terms of recurrence which is significantly better than LA and medication alone. Follow-up and adherence to ABZ therapy are essential if conservative treatment is to achieve better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jide A
- Department of Hepatic Hydatidosis, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jinping Chai
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zongping Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, Kashi, China
| | - Shunyun Zhao
- Department of Hepatic Hydatidosis, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiangren A
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Xining, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinghai Clinical Medical Research Center, Xining, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Hepatic Hydatidosis, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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Robbins WT, Galeuzzi O, Graham K, Greenwood SJ, Jones MEB, Buote M, Conboy GA. Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Can Vet J 2022; 63:962-966. [PMID: 36060492 PMCID: PMC9377194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular identification of small cestodes, morphologically consistent with Echinococcus multilocularis, recovered at necropsy from the gastrointestinal tract contents of a red fox, was accomplished by PCR using published species-specific n ad1 primers and methods. ANIMAL Red fox (Vulpes vulpes). PROCEDURE Small cestodes recovered from intestinal contents of a red fox trapped on Prince Edward Island in December 2020 (frozen at -20°C before being processed for parasite recovery in June 2021) were morphologically identified. Species identity confirmation and haplotyping of the cestodes were done via PCR and DNA sequencing of the n ad1, nad2, and cob genes. RESULTS Small cestodes morphologically consistent with E. multilocularis were detected in the gastrointestinal tract contents of a red fox trapped near Montague, PEI. The species identity was confirmed via PCR. Haplotyping revealed that they were of the European E1 haplotype. CONCLUSION In Canada, E. multilocularis has been reported as far east as Québec, with most reports being in central and western provinces and territories. This is the first report of E. multilocularis infection in a canid host east of Ontario, Canada and illustrates the need for regular wildlife disease surveillance to enhance our understanding of emerging pathogens of veterinary and medical importance. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Echinococcus multilocularis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic cestode from the family Taeniidae that can cause alveolar echinococcosis (AE) when rodents, dogs, horses, pigs, non-human primates, or humans ingest its eggs. Alveolar echinococcosis is challenging to treat, and survival rates for untreated individuals are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T Robbins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Olivia Galeuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kylee Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Spencer J Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Megan E B Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Melanie Buote
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Gary A Conboy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (Robbins, Greenwood), Department of Pathology and Microbiology (Galeuzzi, Graham, Jones, Buote, Conboy), Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (Graham, Jones), University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3, Canada
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Schmidberger J, Uhlenbruck J, Schlingeloff P, Maksimov P, Conraths FJ, Mayer B, Kratzer W. Dog Ownership and Risk for Alveolar Echinococcosis, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1597-1605. [PMID: 35850154 PMCID: PMC9328925 DOI: 10.3201/eid2808.212514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis is caused by the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis, and dog ownership has been identified as a risk factor. We sought to specify the factors of dog ownership underlying this risk by conducting a case–control study among dog owners in Germany. The analysis revealed an increased odds ratio of ≈7-fold for dog owners whose dogs roam unattended in fields, 13-fold for dog owners who feed their dogs organic waste daily, 4-fold for dog owners who take their dog to a veterinarian only in case of illness, and 10-fold for dog owners who have never been informed by a veterinarian about the risk for infection. The results highlight the risk for infection associated with various factors of dog ownership and the value of veterinarians informing owners about prevention.
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Samari H, Laurimäe T, Reghaissia N, Dahmane A, Mamoune A, Baroudi D, Deplazes P, Laatamna A. Molecular characterisation of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes in dromedary camels from extreme Sahara of Algeria based on analysis of nad2 and nad5 genetic markers. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106616. [PMID: 35901920 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is parasitic disease caused by the metacestodes belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) species complex. Cystic echinococcosis is of considerable economic and public health importance. It is endemic in both livestock and humans in North African countries, including Algeria. The present study aimed to characterize E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the extreme Sahara of Algeria, using recently developed mitochondrial genetic markers (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5) for reliable identification of different genotypes. A total of 75 Echinococcus cysts were collected from 49 dromedary camels, including 65 and 10 cysts from 45 and four camels originating from two slaughterhouses of Tindouf and Illizi provinces, respectively. E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) G1 and G3 were identified in camels from both areas based on nad5 (649 bp) gene sequences, whereas E. granulosus s.l. G6 was identified in camels from Tindouf region based on concatenated nad5 and nad2 gene sequences (total 1336 bp). Identified samples clustered into 11 different haplotypes (ALG1-ALG11) including four haplotypes (ALG8-ALG11) for E. granulosus s.s. G1, one haplotype (ALG7) for E. granulosus s.s. G3, and six haplotypes (ALG1-ALG6) for E. granulosus s.l. G6. The present study provides valuable molecular data including genotyping and haplotypic variability on E. granulosus s.l. in dromedary camels from two regions in the extreme Sahara of Algeria. Future characterization of the G1, G3 and G6 samples based on sequencing of complete mitochondrial genomes would be of considerable significance for a more comprehensive understanding of molecular epidemiology of CE in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssem Samari
- Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, El Alia, Algiers 1600, Algeria; Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria; Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, BP 166, M'sila 2800, Algeria
| | - Teivi Laurimäe
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nassiba Reghaissia
- Institute of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Souk Ahras, Annaba Road, Souk Ahras 41000, Algeria
| | - AbdEldjalil Dahmane
- Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, El Alia, Algiers 1600, Algeria
| | - Ali Mamoune
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Mustapha Stambouli of Mascara, BP 305, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| | - Djamel Baroudi
- Higher National Veterinary School, Rue Issad Abbes, El Alia, Algiers 1600, Algeria
| | - Peter Deplazes
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria.
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Maglioco A, Agüero FA, Valacco MP, Valdez AJ, Paulino M, Fuchs AG. Characterization of the B-Cell Epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Histones H4 and H2A Recognized by Sera From Patients With Liver Cysts. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:901994. [PMID: 35770070 PMCID: PMC9234146 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease worldwide distributed, caused by the cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus), with an incidence rate of 50/100,000 person/year and a high prevalence in humans of 5-10%. Serology has variable sensitivity and specificity and low predictive values. Antigens used are from the hydatid fluid and recombinant antigens have not demonstrated superiority over hydatid fluid. A cell line called EGPE was obtained from E. granulosus sensu lato G1 strain from bovine liver. Serum from CE patients recognizes protein extracts from EGPE cells with higher sensitivity than protein extracts from hydatid fluid. In the present study, EGPE cell protein extracts and supernatants from cell colonies were eluted from a protein G affinity column performed with sera from 11 CE patients. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis of the eluted proteins identified four E. granulosus histones: one histone H4 in the cell extract and supernatant, one histone H2A only in the cell extract, and two histones H2A only in the supernatant. This differential distribution of histones could reflect different parasite viability stages regarding their role in gene transcription and silencing and could interact with host cells. Bioinformatics tools characterized the linear and conformational epitopes involved in antibody recognition. The three-dimensional structure of each histone was obtained by molecular modeling and validated by molecular dynamics simulation and PCR confirmed the presence of the epitopes in the parasite genome. The three histones H2A were very different and had a less conserved sequence than the histone H4. Comparison of the histones of E. granulosus with those of other organisms showed exclusive regions for E. granulosus. Since histones play a role in the host-parasite relationship they could be good candidates to improve the predictive value of serology in CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maglioco
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo A. Agüero
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Pía Valacco
- Centro de Estudios Químicos y Biológicos por Espectrometría de Masas (CEQUIBIEM), Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Juárez Valdez
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Margot Paulino
- Departamento de Experimentación y Teoría de la Estructura de la Materia y sus Aplicaciones, Facultad de Química, Bioinformatica DETEMA- Udelar, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- *Correspondence: Margot Paulino, ; Alicia G. Fuchs,
| | - Alicia G. Fuchs
- Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología “Dr Mario Fatala- Chaben”, (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud )ANLIS‐Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Margot Paulino, ; Alicia G. Fuchs,
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Yürük M, Yaman O, Sivcan E, Erdoğan E. Retrospective Determination of the Prevelense of Anti- Echinococcus granulosus Antibodies in Cystic Echinococcosis Pre-diagnosed Patients at Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:133-139. [PMID: 35604192 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.32032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic disease that has been known for years in helminth diseases and it is important as human and animal health problem in many parts of the world and in our country due to economic losses. In this study, it was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the distribution of anti-E. granulosus-IgG antibodies in patients with pre-diagnosis of CE that referred to parasitology laboratory between January 2013-December 2018. METHODS Commercial kit was used for indirect hemaglutination (IHA), indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and Western blot (WB) methods using sera from patient samples was applied according to the kit proposal. In addition, patient materials for CAM, CSF and blood for which polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/QPCR tests were requested were examined. RESULTS Sera of the patients who were tested with at least one of the IHA, IFAT and WB methods or a combination of these methods, and 443 cases out of 2.283 cases were found to be E. granulosus seropositive. It was determined that 369 (62.03%) of 443 positive patients were female and 330 (37.97%) were male patients. Among these patients, 87 patients whose IFAT and/or IHA tests were negative were found to have positive results with the WB method. IFAT or IHA test results of 13 patients with negative WB tests were found to be positive. Four patients were identified with both tests positive but WB test results negative. In addition, 36 of 72 patients who underwent PCR/QPCR tests were found to be positive. CONCLUSION As a result of a six-year retrospective screening, 22% of the cases were found to be positive, and it was concluded that the prevalence of CE is high and the use of a single test may be insufficient in the diagnosis of CE, therefore, test combinations will increase the sensitivity and reliability in reaching the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yürük
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Ozan Yaman
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Eda Sivcan
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Emrah Erdoğan
- Erciyes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye
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Arslan MÖ, Mor N, Bedir H. Seropozitifity of Anti- Echinococcus granulosus in Patients with of Clinical Prediagnosis Cystic Echinococcosis at Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2022; 46:129-132. [PMID: 35604191 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a common zoonotic disease in the world, which is caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus settling in various organs in both animals and humans. It is common in livestock breeding areas and rural areas. This study was conducted to determine anti-E. granulosus seropositivity in patients with clinical pre-diagnosis/suspected CE in Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. METHODS Study material; between January 2018 and December 2020, 498 blood samples were sent to the Parasitology Laboratory from patients with clinical pre-diagnosis of CE, who applied to Kafkas University Health Research and Application Hospital for three years. The obtained serum samples were analyzed by indirect hemagglutination method. RESULTS Anti-Echinococcus granulosus antibodies were detected in 74 (14.9%) of 498 patients with clinical pre-diagnosis of hydatid cyst. Of the positive cases, 53 (71.6%) were observed in women, and 21 (28.4%) in men (p<0.05). Anti-E. granulosus antibodies were most commonly detected in the 16-30 age group (32.9%) (p<0.05), and 19.3% in the 16-60 age group. CONCLUSION Although the study data do not cover the entire Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, it has been concluded that KE maintains its importance as a public health problem in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neriman Mor
- Kafkas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kars, Türkiye
| | - Hilal Bedir
- Kafkas Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Parazitoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kars, Türkiye
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Marinković D, Gavrilović P, Vidanović D, Ćirović D, Kuručki M, Vasković N, Aničić M. First Report of Alveolar Hydatid Disease (Echinococcus multilocularis) in a Golden Jackal (Canis aureus). Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1401-1406. [PMID: 35536425 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar hydatid disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasitic disease present in the northern hemisphere. Echinococcus multilocularis is a parasite of canid and felid carnivores as definitive hosts, and small mammals, particularly rodents as intermediate hosts. Other animal species and humans can be aberrant intermediate hosts for this parasite. It is known that besides acting as definitive hosts, domestic dogs can rarely become infected with the larval form of E. multilocularis and develop alveolar echinococcosis; however, a role of wild canids as aberrant intermediate hosts has not been documented until now. To the best of our knowledge the present paper provides the first description of alveolar hydatid disease in a golden jackal (Canis aureus). CASE PRESENTATION Necropsy of the yearling female animal found a large, round, tumor-like mass, 20 cm in diameter, with a rough, multilobulated surface in the abdominal cavity, connected to the liver and omentum. On the cut surface this tumor-like lesion was multicystic, with a number of locular cavities filled with a clear yellowish to orange watery fluid and a large area of necrosis in the central part of the mass. Histopathology revealed multiple cystic spaces separated by fibrous sheaths and inflammatory cells-lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes. The cysts contained either pale, hyaline, eosinophilic laminar and occasionally amorphous, acellular, PAS-positive structures, or metacestodes with invaginated protoscolices. In several cysts round calcified bodies (calcareous corpuscles) were noted. Microscopic examination showed everted and inverted protoscolices which were attached to fragments of the brood capsule or free in hydatid fluid. By comparing consensus nucleotide sequence of 457 bp obtained by PCR reaction with sequences deposited in NCBI GenBank it is determined that it was 100% identical with E. multilocularis sequences under accession numbers MH259778.1, MH259776.1, AB668376.1, EU704124.1 and AB018440.2. CONCLUSIONS The present paper provides a proof that the golden jackal, besides being a definitive host, can also serve as the aberrant intermediate host for E. multilocularis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Marinković
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Gavrilović
- Veterinary Specialised Institute "Pančevo", Novoseljanski put 33, 26000, Pančevo, Serbia.
| | - Dejan Vidanović
- Veterinary Specialised Institute "Kraljevo", Žička 34, 36000, Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Duško Ćirović
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kuručki
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikola Vasković
- Veterinary Specialised Institute "Kraljevo", Žička 34, 36000, Kraljevo, Serbia
| | - Milan Aničić
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Umhang G, Richomme C, Caillot C, Bastid V, Boucher JM, Moyen JL, Novella C, Richoux B, Davoust B, Boué F. Towards delimitation of the Echinococcus multilocularis parasite's southernmost range in France. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100724. [PMID: 35431062 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe, potentially fatal, parasitic disease caused by ingestion of microscopic eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis. The lifecycle of the parasite is essentially sylvatic, and based on a prey-predator relationship between red foxes and small rodents. A westward expansion from the eastern historical focus has been reported in France, though the parasite has also been detected in the southern Alps. While the focus in the Auvergne region (central France) was described in the 1980s, the southern delimitation of the actual endemic area, especially in the south, was unknown in the absence of dedicated surveys. Red fox samples were collected from 2013 to 2020 in the framework of other transversal epidemiological studies in five sampling areas from southwestern and southeastern France. One hundred and seven intestines were analysed by SSCT, and 221 faecal samples from intestines were analysed by copro-qPCR. None of the 328 foxes exhibited E. multilocularis worms or DNA. Although the presence of E. multilocularis cannot be totally excluded in the departments from the study areas, the sample size tested argues for an absence of the parasite in these studied areas, which is in accordance with the currently known endemic situation in France. These new data are helpful in determining the southernmost limit of E. multilocularis distribution in France. The warm, dry Mediterranean climate in the southeastern areas is less favourable to the transmission of E. multilocularis and especially to the survival of eggs in the environment than the climate in the French Alps or Liguria (Italy) climate where the parasite is present. The intermediate area between the southwestern study areas and the historical focus of Auvergne, which is separated by around 150 km, will be investigated in the coming years. Moreover, an ongoing national surveillance programme on E. multilocularis in foxes is targeting French departements along the edge of the known endemic area both in the southeast and southwest. The data produced will supplement the results of this study, thus greatly helping to define the current distribution of E. multilocularis in France and to target prevention measures to reduce human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | - Céline Richomme
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne (LDAR24), 24660 Coulounieix-Chamiers, France
| | | | - Bruno Richoux
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyse de la Charente (LDA16), France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, French Military Health Service, Tours, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Boué
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Atmaca HT. Determination of macrophage types by immunohistochemical methods in the local immune response to liver hydatid cysts in sheep. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106364. [PMID: 35149039 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. The main hosts in the life cycle of this parasite are dogs and other carnivores; The intermediate hosts are human, sheep, goat, cattle, pig, buffalo, horse and camel. The parasite damages the tissue by forming lesions in the form of fluid-filled cysts in the liver. These lesions are bounded by a layer of local inflammatory cells formed by the host. In the layer formed by this inflammatory response, there are lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophil leukocytes, including macrophages. Samples taken from sheep with hydatid cysts in their livers were followed for pathological analysis, and then histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. After histopathological examinations, the types of macrophages involved in the local immune response against cysts in the liver were determined by immunohistochemical methods using anti-INOS and anti-IL-10 antibodies. INOS and IL-10 immunopositivity were detected in all samples. Statistically, no significant difference was observed between these immunopositivity. This showed that both macrophage types are involved in the local immune response to hydatid cyst, and that Th1 and Th2 immune response stimulation continues together. It was concluded that in future studies that will be planned and experimentally, it will be possible to reveal more clearly how these macrophage types take part in the local immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tarik Atmaca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Turkey.
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Li CY, Guan YY, Wu WP, Xue CZ. [Progress of researches on infection with two species of Echinococcus causing human diseases in animal hosts and influencing factors]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2022; 34:194-199. [PMID: 35537844 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2021236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a serious zoonotic parasitic disease caused by infections with larval Echinococcus. The life cycle of Echinococcus involves a variety of animal hosts, including hoofed animals and rodents as intermediate hosts and carnivores as definitive hosts. The transmission of human echinococcosis is closely associated with the life cycle of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis among animal hosts in nature. This review summarizes the recent advances in the prevalence and influencing factors of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis infections in animal hosts, so as to provide insights into precision control of echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Y Guan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W P Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - C Z Xue
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
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