1
|
Paiva NML, Ribeiro SC, Rosa HJD, Silva CCG. Comparative study of the bacterial community of organic and conventional cow's milk. Food Microbiol 2024; 120:104488. [PMID: 38431314 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural practises such as conventional and organic farming can potentially affect the microbial communities in milk. In the present study, the bacterial diversity of milk was investigated using high-throughput sequencing on ten organic and ten conventional farms in the Azores, a region where milk production is largely based on year-round grazing systems. The microbiota of milk from both production systems was dominated by Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota and Bacteroidota. The organic milk showed greater heterogeneity between farms, as reflected in the dispersion of diversity indices and the large variation in the relative abundances of the dominant genera. In contrast, conventionally produced milk showed a high degree of similarity within each season. In the conventional production system, the season also had a strong influence on the bacterial community, but this effect was not observed in the organic milk. The LEfSe analysis identified the genus Iamia as significantly (p < 0.05) more abundant in organic milk, but depending on the season, several other genera were identified that distinguished organic milk from conventionally produced milk. Of these, Bacillus, Iamia and Nocardioides were associated with the soil microbiota in organic farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M L Paiva
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Susana C Ribeiro
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Henrique J D Rosa
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Célia C G Silva
- School of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal; Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang M, Zhao J, Liu Y, Huang S, Zhao C, Jiang Z, Gu Y, Xiao J, Wu Y, Ying R, Zhang J, Tian W. Deciphering soil resistance and virulence gene risks in conventional and organic farming systems. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133788. [PMID: 38367443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic farming is a sustainable agricultural practice emphasizing natural inputs and ecological balance, and has garnered significant attention for its potential health and environmental benefits. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the emergent contaminants, particularly resistance and virulence genes within organic farming system, remains elusive. Here, a total of 36 soil samples from paired conventional and organic vegetable farms were collected from Jiangsu province, China. A systematic metagenomic approach was employed to investigate the prevalence, dispersal capability, pathogenic potential, and drivers of resistance and virulence genes across both organic and conventional systems. Our findings revealed a higher abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biocide resistance genes (BRGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in organic farming system, with ARGs exhibiting a particularly notable increase of 10.76% compared to the conventional one. Pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were hosts carrying all four gene categories, highlighting their potential health implications. The neutral community model captured 77.1% and 71.9% of the variance in community dynamics within the conventional and organic farming systems, respectively, indicating that stochastic process was the predominant factor shaping gene communities. The relative smaller m value calculated in organic farming system (0.021 vs 0.023) indicated diminished gene exchange with external sources. Moreover, farming practices were observed to influence the resistance and virulence gene landscape by modifying soil properties, managing heavy metal stress, and steering mobile genetic elements (MGEs) dynamics. The study offers insights that can guide agricultural strategies to address potential health and ecological concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayin Zhao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijie Huang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyi Zhao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongkun Jiang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongjing Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yuncheng Wu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Rongrong Ying
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jibing Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Z, Huang Y. Chinese organic rice transition spatial econometrics empirical analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297784. [PMID: 38603686 PMCID: PMC11008895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the integrated model of Super-SBM model, spatial Durbin model (SDM) and Grey neural network model, this paper analyzes the panel data of various provinces in China from multiple angles and dimensions. It was found that there were significant differences in eco-efficiency between organic rice production and conventional rice production. The response of organic rice to climate change, the spatial distribution of ecological and economic benefits and the impact on carbon emission were analyzed. The results showed that organic rice planting not only had higher economic benefits, but also showed a rising trend of ecological benefits and a positive feedback effect. This finding highlights the importance of organic rice farming in reducing carbon emissions. Organic rice farming effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide and methane, by improving soil management and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This has important implications for mitigating climate change and promoting soil health and biodiversity. With the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of organic rice planting area shows the trend of organic rice gradually replacing traditional rice cultivation, further highlighting the potential of organic agriculture in emission reduction, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural production. To this end, it is recommended that the Government implement a diversified support strategy to encourage technological innovation, provide guidance and training, and raise public awareness and demand for organic products. At the same time, private sector participation is stimulated to support the development of organic rice cultivation through a public-private partnership model. Through these measures, further promote organic rice cultivation, achieve the dual goals of economic benefits and environmental benefits, and effectively promote the realization of double carbon emission reduction targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Luo
- Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demard EP, Döker I, Qureshi JA. Incidence of eriophyid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) and predatory mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Florida citrus orchards under three different pest management programs. Exp Appl Acarol 2024; 92:323-349. [PMID: 38451432 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of eriophyid and phytoseiid mites in south and central Florida were assessed in six citrus orchards under three different pest management systems, conventional, organic, and untreated. Tree canopy, ground cover, and leaf litter were sampled every two months in two groves for each of the three pest management systems from April 2019 to February 2021. The citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) represented 95 to 99% of the rust mites sampled in each grove except in one untreated orchard where it accounted for 45% of the samples (n = 938 total P. oleivora mounted specimens). The pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) was present in organic and untreated orchards at 5% and 28%, respectively, but absent from conventional orchards (n = 134 total A. pelekassi mounted specimens). Twenty-nine species of phytoseiid mites were identified from 1778 specimens. Thirteen species were present in the canopy, fifteen in the ground cover, and eighteen in the leaf litter with some common species among these habitats. In the tree canopy, Typhlodromalus peregrinus (39%), Euseius spp. (25%), and Iphiseiodes quadripilis (19%) were the dominant species. Typhlodromalus peregrinus (43%), Typhlodromips dentilis (25%), and Proprioseiopsis mexicanus (13%) were the major species in the ground cover. Species richness was lower in organic orchards (3.0) compared to conventional and untreated orchards (5.0 and 4.7, respectively). In the leaf litter, Amblyseius curiosus (26%), Proprioseiopsis carolinianus (15%), Chelaseius floridanus (14%), and Amblyseius tamatavensis (12%) were the most common species. Shannon index was significantly higher in conventional orchards (1.45) compared to organic and untreated orchards (1.02 and 1.05, respectively). Evenness was also higher in conventional orchards (0.86) compared to organic and untreated (0.72 and 0.68, respectively). Finding of several phytoseiids in abundance across pest management programs suggest the need for identifying their role in pest suppression particularly mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie P Demard
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Ismail Döker
- Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Acarology Laboratory, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, 34142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Soto Mas F, Sebastian R, Rosero D, Nervi L, Casanova V, Guldan S. Safety and Injury of US-Certified Organic Crop Producers in the Southwest Region. J Agromedicine 2024; 29:168-178. [PMID: 37940850 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2023.2281526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Literature on occupational risks among organic farmers is scarce. This study explored safety practices and non-fatal injuries among organic producers, and the role of sociodemographic, work, and farm characteristics on safety and injury. METHODS Cross sectional survey of certified organic crop producers in the Southwest (SW) region of the United States (US). The Organic Integrity Database was used for recruitment. Data were collected through an electronic and paper survey. RESULTS Analyses were conducted on 115 cases; response rate was estimated at 25%. A high majority of respondents owned their operation and were younger than 65 years, male, educated beyond high-school, and non-Hispanic whites. Less than half had more than 10 years of experience in organic farming; one-third worked off the farm year-round. Safety practices were very basic despite the widespread use of equipment and machinery, and limited to wearing normal clothing and apparel such hats and glasses. About half of respondents (52.6%) reported non-fatal injuries in the past year; and one-third (32.7%) time lost due to injuries. The overall cumulative incidence rate was estimated at 5.3 injuries per 10 workers within the last year. The injury rate decreased with hours worked. Significant differences were found on gender and education level and safety practices, with female respondents and the more educated being more proactive in practicing safety. Those working less than 40 h/week, in farms smaller than 50 acres, using light machinery or compact utility tractors, and tractors without roll-over protection reported significantly higher injury frequency compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION This study contributes unique data on an essential workforce not captured by current occupational injury and illness surveillance systems. It identifies important personal and contextual factors that may contribute to safety and injury in this population. The findings indicate the need to promote safety and prevent injuries that result in work time lost. This study may also inform future occupational safety and health research and practice, including surveillance, injury prevention programs that target certain workers and production practices, and policies that support and protect the organic farmer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Soto Mas
- College of Population Health, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rachel Sebastian
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation - Southwest Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daisy Rosero
- Transdisciplinary Research, Equity and Engagement (TREE) Center for Advancing Behavioral Health, College of Population Health, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Laura Nervi
- College of Population Health, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vanessa Casanova
- SW Ag Center and School of Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Steve Guldan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, and Superintendent, Alcalde Sustainable Agriculture Science Center, New Mexico State University, Alcalde, NM, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Walker C. The effects of pest spillover from organic agriculture. Nat Plants 2024; 10:528. [PMID: 38609676 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01685-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
|
7
|
Larsen AE, Noack F, Powers LC. Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields. Science 2024; 383:eadf2572. [PMID: 38513026 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of organic agriculture are only partially understood and whether such practices have spillover effects on pests or pest control activity in nearby fields remains unknown. Using about 14,000 field observations per year from 2013 to 2019 in Kern County, California, we postulate that organic crop producers benefit from surrounding organic fields decreasing overall pesticide use and, specifically, pesticides targeting insect pests. Conventional fields, by contrast, tend to increase pesticide use as the area of surrounding organic production increases. Our simulation suggests that spatially clustering organic cropland can entirely mitigate spillover effects that lead to an increase in net pesticide use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Larsen
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131
| | - Frederik Noack
- Food and Resource Economics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L Claire Powers
- Environmental Studies Department, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matteoli FP, Silva AMM, de Araújo VLVP, Feiler HP, Cardoso EJBN. Organic farming promotes the abundance of fungi keystone taxa in bacteria-fungi interkingdom networks. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:119. [PMID: 38429532 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil bacteria-fungi interactions are essential in the biogeochemical cycles of several nutrients, making these microbes major players in agroecosystems. While the impact of the farming system on microbial community composition has been extensively reported in the literature, whether sustainable farming approaches can promote associations between bacteria and fungi is still unclear. To study this, we employed 16S, ITS, and 18S DNA sequencing to uncover how microbial interactions were affected by conventional and organic farming systems on maize crops. The Bray-Curtis index revealed that bacterial, fungal, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities were significantly different between the two farming systems. Several taxa known to thrive in healthy soils, such as Nitrosophaerales, Orbiliales, and Glomus were more abundant in the organic farming system. Constrained ordination revealed that the organic farming system microbial community was significantly correlated with the β-glucosidase activity, whereas the conventional farming system microbial community significantly correlated with soil pH. Both conventional and organic co-occurrence interkingdom networks exhibited a parallel node count, however, the former had a higher number of edges, thus being denser than the latter. Despite the similar amount of fungal nodes in the co-occurrence networks, the organic farming system co-occurrence network exhibited more than 3-fold the proportion of fungal taxa as keystone nodes than the conventional co-occurrence network. The genera Bionectria, Cercophora, Geastrum, Penicillium, Preussia, Metarhizium, Myceliophthora, and Rhizophlyctis were among the fungal keystone nodes of the organic farming system network. Altogether, our results uncover that beyond differences in microbial community composition between the two farming systems, fungal keystone nodes are far more relevant in the organic farming system, thus suggesting that bacteria-fungi interactions are more frequent in organic farming systems, promoting a more functional microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Pereira Matteoli
- Laboratory of Microbial Bioinformatics, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, São Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil.
| | - Antonio M M Silva
- Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Victor L V P de Araújo
- Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Henrique P Feiler
- Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Elke J B N Cardoso
- Department of Soil Sciences, University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Finger R, Möhring N. The emergence of pesticide-free crop production systems in Europe. Nat Plants 2024; 10:360-366. [PMID: 38485799 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Pesticide risk reduction is a priority in European agricultural policies, but how to reach these targets remains an open question. Against this background, a novel approach for transforming pest management practices is currently gaining momentum in Europe: pesticide-free, non-organic production systems. These involve the non-use of pesticides in parts of crop rotations or entire crop rotations but do not comply with other organic farming regulations. Here we present insights into the first real-world examples of such systems, in Switzerland and Germany. In both countries, pesticide-free production was initiated jointly by farmers and downstream actors some years ago. This was followed by the launch of public support schemes in 2023. We discuss the functioning and impacts of these examples, as well as farmers' adoption behaviour. Compared with organic production, the reviewed pesticide-free production schemes are more flexible and have lower adoption hurdles for farmers, as well as lower yield losses. These characteristics facilitate the large-scale adoption of pesticide-free production systems. Moreover, pesticide-free can become a clear-cut and simple production standard. Pesticide-free production can thus be a disruptive approach to create a tangible 'third way' between conventional and organic production. However, there are various adoption barriers and pesticide-free production would not currently be profitable without support in most cases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bünemann EK, Reimer M, Smolders E, Smith SR, Bigalke M, Palmqvist A, Brandt KK, Möller K, Harder R, Hermann L, Speiser B, Oudshoorn F, Løes AK, Magid J. Do contaminants compromise the use of recycled nutrients in organic agriculture? A review and synthesis of current knowledge on contaminant concentrations, fate in the environment and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168901. [PMID: 38042198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Use of nutrients recycled from societal waste streams in agriculture is part of the circular economy, and in line with organic farming principles. Nevertheless, diverse contaminants in waste streams create doubts among organic farmers about potential risks for soil health. Here, we gather the current knowledge on contaminant levels in waste streams and recycled nutrient sources, and discuss associated risks. For potentially toxic elements (PTEs), the input of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) from mineral feed supplements remains of concern, while concentrations of PTEs in many waste streams have decreased substantially in Europe. The same applies to organic contaminants, although new chemical groups such as flame retardants are of emerging concern and globally contamination levels differ strongly. Compared to inorganic fertilizers, application of organic fertilizers derived from human or animal feces is associated with an increased risk for environmental dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The risk depends on the quality of the organic fertilizers, which varies between geographical regions, but farmland application of sewage sludge appears to be a safe practice as shown by some studies (e.g. from Sweden). Microplastic concentrations in agricultural soils show a wide spread and our understanding of its toxicity is limited, hampering a sound risk assessment. Methods for assessing public health risks for organic contaminants must include emerging contaminants and potential interactions of multiple compounds. Evidence from long-term field experiments suggests that soils may be more resilient and capable to degrade or stabilize pollutants than often assumed. In view of the need to source nutrients for expanding areas under organic farming, we discuss inputs originating from conventional farms vs. non-agricultural (i.e. societal) inputs. Closing nutrient cycles between agriculture and society is feasible in many cases, without being compromised by contaminants, and should be enhanced, aided by improved source control, waste treatment and sound risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Bünemann
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
| | - M Reimer
- University of Hohenheim, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; Aarhus University, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - E Smolders
- Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S R Smith
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M Bigalke
- Department of Soil Mineralogy and Soil Chemistry, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Palmqvist
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - K K Brandt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K Möller
- University of Hohenheim, Department of Fertilization and Soil Matter Dynamics, Fruwirthstr. 20, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Harder
- Environmental Engineering Group, Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Hermann
- Proman Management GmbH, Weingartenstrasse 92, 2214 Auersthal, Austria
| | - B Speiser
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland
| | - F Oudshoorn
- Innovation Centre for Organic Farming (ICOEL), Agro Food Park 26, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A K Løes
- Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture (NORSØK), Gunnars veg 6, N-6630 Tingvoll, Norway
| | - J Magid
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dash S, Priyadarshini S, Dulla N. Food security and sustainability dimensions of organic farming in the context of India: a comprehensive scientometric review (2010-2023). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:14484-14502. [PMID: 38305964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the scientific output, collaboration, and impression of research on organic farming due to the increasing interest of commoners in food quality and sustainability. Efforts to enhance agroecological sustainability call for assessing the structural overview of the numerous research works done so far to understand the growth in diverse subject areas in organic farming. The scientometric method is considered for analyzing 639 documents extracted from the Scopus and WoS online database from 2010 till January, 2023. The pulled-out data is analyzed via VOSviewer and RStudio, revealing prominent contributing authors (Groot J. with eight documents and 186 citations under Wageningen University and Research), maximum cited references (R Core Team & R lang env. 2019), the significant collaboration between the countries (USA with Netherlands), and co-occurrence of author keywords ("organic farming" occurring 148 times) using analysis of co-authorship, co-occurrence, and citation count. Furthermore, as the existing literature suggests a substantial advancement in organic cultivation in India, thus, an immediate evaluation of its performance is necessitated. Hence, the current study performed the bibliographic coupling of documents, sources, authors, and global collaboration of India. The study found that a total of 241 Indian authors have contributed 102 documents in collaboration with 54 nations towards organic farming which are available in 39 different sources under the Scopus and WoS databases. This study helps to comprehend the recent growth trend of organic agricultural research and can enhance academic as well as research and development policies based on brainstorming to action formulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Dash
- School of Humanities, KIIT Deemed to be University, D-Block, Kathjodi Campus (Campus-3), Bhubaneshwar, India
| | - Sugyanta Priyadarshini
- School of Humanities, KIIT Deemed to be University, D-Block, Kathjodi Campus (Campus-3), Bhubaneshwar, India.
| | - Nisrutha Dulla
- School of Humanities, KIIT Deemed to be University, D-Block, Kathjodi Campus (Campus-3), Bhubaneshwar, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Burandt QC, Deising HB, von Tiedemann A. Further Limitations of Synthetic Fungicide Use and Expansion of Organic Agriculture in Europe Will Increase the Environmental and Health Risks of Chemical Crop Protection Caused by Copper-Containing Fungicides. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024; 43:19-30. [PMID: 37850744 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Copper-containing fungicides have been used in agriculture since 1885. The divalent copper ion is a nonbiodegradable multisite inhibitor that has a strictly protective, nonsystemic effect on plants. Copper-containing plant protection products currently approved in Germany contain copper oxychloride, copper hydroxide, and tribasic copper sulfate. Copper is primarily used to control oomycete pathogens in grapevine, hop, potato, and fungal diseases in fruit production. In the environment, copper is highly persistent and toxic to nontarget organisms. The latter applies for terrestric and aquatic organisms such as earthworms, insects, birds, fish, Daphnia, and algae. Hence, copper fungicides are currently classified in the European Union as candidates for substitution. Pertinently, copper also exhibits significant mammalian toxicity (median lethal dose oral = 300-2500 mg/kg body wt in rats). To date, organic production still profoundly relies on the use of copper fungicides. Attempts to reduce doses of copper applications and the search for copper substitutes have not been successful. Copper compounds compared with modern synthetic fungicides with similar areas of use display significantly higher risks for honey bees (3- to 20-fold), beneficial insects (6- to 2000-fold), birds (2- to 13-fold), and mammals (up to 17-fold). These data contradict current views that crop protection in organic farming is associated with lower environmental or health risks. Further limitations in the range and use of modern single-site fungicides may force conventional production to fill the gaps with copper fungicides to counteract fungicide resistance. In contrast to the European Union Green Deal goals, the intended expansion of organic farming in Europe would further enhance the use of copper fungicides and hence increase the overall risks of chemical crop protection in Europe. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:19-30. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin C Burandt
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, Division of Crop Biodiversity and Breeding Informatics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger B Deising
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Phytopathology and Crop Protection; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas von Tiedemann
- Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Plant Pathology and Plant Protection, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ager EO, Carvalho T, Silva EM, Ricke SC, Hite JL. Global trends in antimicrobial resistance on organic and conventional farms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22608. [PMID: 38114527 PMCID: PMC10730711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The important hypothesis that organic livestock management reduces the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance is either fiercely supported or bitterly contested. Yet, empirical evidence supporting this view remains fragmentary, in part because relationships between antimicrobial use and drug resistance vary dramatically across contexts, hosts, pathogens, and country-specific regulations. Here, we synthesize global policies and definitions of 'organic' and ask if organic farming results in notable reductions in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance when directly examined alongside conventional analogs. We synthesized the results of 72 studies, spanning 22 countries and five pathogens. Our results highlight substantial variations in country-specific policies on drug use and definitions of 'organic' that hinder broad-scale and generalizable patterns. Overall, conventional farms had slightly higher levels of antimicrobial resistance (28%) relative to organic counterparts (18%), although we found significant context-dependent variation in this pattern. Notably, environmental samples from organic and conventional farms often exhibited high levels of resistance to medically important drugs, underscoring the need for more stringent and consistent policies to control antimicrobial contaminants in the soil (particularly on organic farms, where the application of conventional manure could faciliate the spread antimicrobial resistance). Taken together, these results emphasize the challenges inherent in understanding links between drug use and drug resistance, the critical need for global standards governing organic policies, and greater investment in viable alternatives for managing disease in livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eldon O Ager
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Tamilie Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erin M Silva
- Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessica L Hite
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Silva RBDA, Cruz I, Figueiredo MDELC, Redoan ACM, Shimbori EM, Tavares WDES, Dias AMPM. Natural enemies recovered from Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of corn plants under conventional and organic farming systems in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200042. [PMID: 38088700 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The corn cropping system can influence the natural enemy identity and the number of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of this plant. The objectives were to identify the S. frugiperda natural enemies and differences in the number of individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of corn plants under conventional and organic cropping systems, in Brazil after an initial collection of adult males through semiochemical traps. We also evaluated key morphometrical parameters of the larva and factors contributing with the viability of S. frugiperda. A total of 16 and 136 adult males was trapped, and 1,124 and 1,112 larvae was recovered from conventional and organic systems with 4.7 and 6.7% of them parasitized by dipteran and hymenopteran, respectively. Most of the parasitoids recovered had occurrence in both cropping systems, except Cremastinae and Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which were recorded only in organic and Campoletis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) only in conventional corns. The number of parasitoids recovered was similar in corn plant samples between both cropping systems. A total of 152 and 31 larvae was recovered from corn ears under conventional and organic systems, respectively. Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was recovered from all samples under conventional system. The larva length was overall similar between cropping systems. Parasitism by dipteran and hymenopteran, infection by microorganisms, larva mortality by undetermined causes, and differences in viability of S. frugiperda stages were factors contributing with the supression of this pest. The new associations and parasitoids reported represent possibilities of expanding the biological control strategies to manage S. frugiperda in corn crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Gestão da Inovação, Centro Universitário de Sete Lagoas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Marechal Castelo Branco, 2765, Santo Antônio, 35701-242 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivan Cruz
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, Km 45, Caixa Postal 151, 35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria DE Lourdes C Figueiredo
- Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária, Coordenadoria Regional de Patrocínio, Avenida João Alves do Nascimento, 1353, 3º andar, 36740-000 Patrocínio, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina M Redoan
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, Km 45, Caixa Postal 151, 35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Shimbori
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa Postal 9, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner DE S Tavares
- PT. Itci Hutani Manunggal (IHM), Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, 76134, Indonesia
| | - Angélica Maria P M Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, Caixa Postal 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Peña-Mosca F, Dean C, Machado V, Fernandes L, Pinedo P, Doster E, Heins B, Sharpe K, Ray T, Feijoo V, Antunes A, Baumann C, Wehri T, Noyes N, Caixeta L. Investigation of intramammary infections in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9377-9392. [PMID: 37641314 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that organically raised dairy cows have an increased prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus compared with conventionally raised dairy cows. However, little information exists about the dynamics of intramammary infection (IMI) in primiparous cows during early lactation on organic dairy farms. The objective of this study was to describe the IMI dynamics of primiparous cows on certified organic farms during early lactation. This longitudinal study enrolled 503 primiparous cows from 5 organic dairy farms from February 2019 to January 2020. Quarter-level milk samples were collected aseptically on a weekly basis during the first 5 wk of lactation. Samples were pooled by cow and time point into composite samples inside a sterilized laminar hood and submitted for microbiological culture. For each of the different microorganisms identified, we estimated the prevalence in each postpartum sample, period prevalence (PP), cumulative incidence, and persistence of IMI. Logistic regression models were used to investigate whether the prevalence of IMI differed by farm or sampling time points and whether IMI persistence differed between detected microorganisms. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (PP = 18.9%), non-aureus staphylococci and closely related mammaliicoccal species (PP = 52.1%), and Streptococcus spp. and Streptococcus-like organisms (PP = 32.1%) within the study population. The prevalence of these microorganisms varied significantly between farms. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes exhibited significantly higher IMI persistence compared with other detected bacterial taxa, confirming the divergent epidemiological behavior in terms of IMI chronicity across different microorganisms. This study improves our understanding of the epidemiology of mastitis-causing pathogens in organically raised primiparous cows, which can be used to tailor mastitis control plans for this unique yet growing subpopulation of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Peña-Mosca
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Chris Dean
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Vinicius Machado
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Leticia Fernandes
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Pablo Pinedo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Enrique Doster
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409
| | - Bradley Heins
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Kirsten Sharpe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521
| | - Tui Ray
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Victoria Feijoo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Acir Antunes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Carol Baumann
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Thomas Wehri
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Noelle Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108
| | - Luciano Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maunakea AK, Juarez R, Maunakea-Forth JK. The Mauli Ola Study: A Unique Academic-Community Partnership With MA'O Organic Farms to Understand and Address Health Inequities Among Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:1087-1090. [PMID: 37877635 PMCID: PMC10978560 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples, including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), experience significant cardiometabolic health disparities arising in large part from rapid changes to their diets and food systems. Innovative food sovereignty initiatives led by NHPIs are needed to address these disparities. This article describes a community-based participatory research study that incorporates social and biological measures to examine the impact of an Indigenous-led land-based food sovereignty youth leadership program on health disparities among NHPI youth in Hawai'i. Grounded in the Indigenous knowledge that holistic health and wellbeing of people is inseparable from that of the environment and to counter rampant food insecurity in their community of Wai'anae, O'ahu, MA'O Organic Farms developed a Youth Leadership Training (YLT) program that offers education, nutrition, physical activity, and access to health care. The program also engages YLT interns and their social networks in health education and research in the ongoing Mauli Ola study. Preliminary data from this study affirm the need to address the disproportionately high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and poor mental health conditions among young NHPIs in the Wai'anae community, and how the YLT program may provide an effective approach to address this need. Our unique academic-community partnership underscores the importance of social and biomedical research to understand health disparities in the NHPI population, which present novel avenues to enable disease prevention. The outcomes of the Mauli Ola study may serve as a valuable model for health disparities research while leveraging ongoing social programs that support Indigenous food sovereignty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alika K. Maunakea
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawai‘i Integrated Analytics, LLC, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ruben Juarez
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawai‘i Integrated Analytics, LLC, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Castelli G, Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Di Raimo R, Cerio A, Dolo V, Pasquini L, Screnci M, Ottone T, Testa U, Fais S, Pelosi E. Ex Vivo Anti-Leukemic Effect of Exosome-like Grapefruit-Derived Nanovesicles from Organic Farming-The Potential Role of Ascorbic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15663. [PMID: 37958646 PMCID: PMC10648274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are a natural source of ascorbic acid, and exosome-like nanovesicles obtained from these fruits contain measurable levels of ascorbic acid. We tested the ability of grapefruit-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to inhibit the growth of human leukemic cells and leukemic patient-derived bone marrow blasts. Transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) showed that the obtained EVs were homogeneous exosomes, defined as exosome-like plant-derived nanovesicles (ELPDNVs). The analysis of their content has shown measurable amounts of several molecules with potent antioxidant activity. ELPDNVs showed a time-dependent antiproliferative effect in both U937 and K562 leukemic cell lines, comparable with the effect of high-dosage ascorbic acid (2 mM). This result was confirmed by a clear decrease in the number of AML blasts induced by ELPDNVs, which did not affect the number of normal cells. ELPDNVs increased the ROS levels in both AML blast cells and U937 without affecting ROS storage in normal cells, and this effect was comparable to ascorbic acid (2 mM). With our study, we propose ELPDNVs from grapefruits as a combination/supporting therapy for human leukemias with the aim to improve the effectiveness of the current therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d’Abruzzo, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cerio
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Screnci
- Banca Regionale Sangue Cordone Ombelicale, UOC Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Ottone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation, IRCCS, Neuro-Oncohematology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.); (D.M.); (R.D.R.); (A.C.); (U.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahmood A, Gheewala SH. A comparative environmental analysis of conventional and organic rice farming in Thailand in a life cycle perspective using a stochastic modeling approach. Environ Res 2023; 235:116670. [PMID: 37453503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
System stochasticity is an inherent characteristic of agricultural systems. Many studies have been conducted in Thailand to analyze the rice production systems. However, most of the prior work just focused on deterministic approach to investigate the rice production systems while disregarding the system variability. In this study, the conventional and organic rice farming systems in Thailand were compared considering the uncertainties associated with parameters. The system variability was taken into account by employing a stochastic modeling approach. The considered impact categories include global warming, ozone formation (human health), freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, fine particulate matter formation, freshwater eutrophication, and fossil resource scarcity. The results showed that yield had considerable influence on the environmental profiles of the two systems; organic and conventional farming showed similar results in terms of global warming on a per hectare basis, but the considerable difference was observed on a per tonne basis. The field emissions due to farm inputs were the most significant contributor to most of the impact categories. The fuel used for irrigation, land preparation, and harvesting also contributed significantly to several impact categories. On the other hand, the impacts of inputs production and material transportation were modest. Uncertainty analysis outcomes indicated that there was a noticeable deviation from the deterministic results in terms of global warming and freshwater ecotoxicity. However, when considering the associated uncertainties, no significant difference was observed between the environmental profiles of the two systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awais Mahmood
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shabbir H Gheewala
- The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment (JGSEE), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha Uthit Road, Bangmod, Thungkru, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Energy Technology and Environment (CEE), Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (MHESI), Bangkok, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hamza A, Farooq MO, Razaq M, Shah FM. Organic farming of maize crop enhances species evenness and diversity of hexapod predators. Bull Entomol Res 2023; 113:565-573. [PMID: 37434448 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532300024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod species diversity enhances ecosystem productivity and sustainability by increasing pollination and biological control services. Although, it is declining rapidly due to conventional agricultural intensification, organic agriculture with reduced reliance on agronomic inputs can regenerate ecosystems' resilience and restore them. Here, we report whether hexapod communities differ on both types of farming systems in small-scale field plot experiments, wherein Maize variety AG-589 was grown organically and conventionally in the 2020 and 2021 seasons. Livestock manure was applied in organic fields, whereas nitrogen and phosphorous were used as synthetic fertilizers in conventional fields. Hexapods were sampled three weeks after sowing once a week from the middle rows of subplots from both organically and conventionally grown maize. Twelve species of herbivores and four species of predators were recorded. Hexapod abundance overall and that of herbivores only was higher in conventionally cultivated maize, while predator abundance was higher in organic maize. Herbivores species diversity and evenness were significantly higher in conventional maize. Predator species diversity and evenness were significantly higher in organic maize fields. We noted predator abundance, diversity, and evenness as strong predictors to lower herbivore populations. These findings suggest that organic farming conserves natural enemies' biodiversity and regulates herbivores with increased provision of suitable habitats and prey resources for natural enemies, leading to enhanced relative abundance in their specialized niches. Thus, organic agriculture can potentially mediate better ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hamza
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAS&T), Bahauddin Zakariya University, 66000 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omer Farooq
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAS&T), Bahauddin Zakariya University, 66000 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Razaq
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAS&T), Bahauddin Zakariya University, 66000 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Mahmood Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (FAS&T), Bahauddin Zakariya University, 66000 Multan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nowak R, Szczepanek M, Kobus-Cisowska J, Stuper-Szablewska K, Dziedziński M, Błaszczyk K. Profile of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of organically and conventionally grown black-grain barley genotypes treated with biostimulant. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288428. [PMID: 37437056 PMCID: PMC10337966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial dietary and pro-health values, have resulted in the increasing consumption importance of barley. Therefore, genotypes and cultivation methods are sought that guarantee high functional value of grain. The aim of the study was to assess the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanidins, phytomelanin and antioxidant activity of grain of three barley genotypes depending on agricultural technology. Two of them are primary genotypes with dark grain pigmentation Hordeum vulgare L. var nigricans and H. vulgare L. var. rimpaui, the third is a modern cultivar 'Soldo' H. vulgare with yellow grain, which is the control sample. Evaluated the effect of foliar application of a amino-acids biostimulant on the functional properties of grain under the conditions of organically and conventionally cultivations. The results indicated a higher antioxidant activity and the concentration of phenolic acids, flavonoids and phytomelanin in the black-grain genotypes. Organic cultivation and application of amino acids had increased the content of phenolic compounds in grain. The antioxidant activity was correlated with the content of syringic acid, naringenin, quercetin, luteolin and phytomelanin. Organically cultivation and the foliar application of an amino acid biostimulant improved the functional properties of barley grain, in particular the original, black-grained genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Nowak
- Department of Agronomics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczepanek
- Department of Agronomics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Dziedziński
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Błaszczyk
- Department of Agronomics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lambotte M, De Cara S, Brocas C, Bellassen V. Organic farming offers promising mitigation potential in dairy systems without compromising economic performances. J Environ Manage 2023; 334:117405. [PMID: 36796194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of clear empirical evidence towards the lower carbon footprint of organic food products, in particular in the dairy sector. Until now, small sample sizes, lack of properly defined counterfactual and the omission of land-use related emissions have hindered comparisons of organic and conventional products. Here we bridge these gaps by mobilizing a uniquely large dataset of 3074 French dairy farms. Using propensity score weighting, we find that the carbon footprint of organic milk is 19% (95%CI = [10%-28%]) lower than its conventional counterpart without indirect land-use change and 11% (95%CI = [5%-17%]) lower with indirect land use changes. In both production systems, farms' profitability is similar. We simulate the consequences of the Green deal target of 25% of agricultural land devoted to organic dairy farming and show that this policy would reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the French dairy sector by 9.01-9.64%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lambotte
- CESAER UMR1041, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Stéphane De Cara
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Paris-Saclay Applied Economics, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Valentin Bellassen
- CESAER UMR1041, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guo Q, Shah MI, Kumar S, AbdulKareem HKK, Inuwa N. The roles of organic farming, renewable energy, and corruption on biodiversity crisis: a European perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:31696-31710. [PMID: 36454522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24344-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity has profound implications for nature's contributions to people and their health. This study intends to examine the factors responsible for biodiversity loss as well as the coping mechanisms to address this crisis in the context of 35 European economies covering the 2009-2018 period. The study utilises both the static and dynamic panel estimation techniques to examine the above issue. Specifically, the study applied Driscoll and Kraay (1998a), Driscoll and Kraay (Rev Econ Stat 80:549-560, 1998b) and Panel Corrected Standard Approach (PCSE) for the static panel models. As for dynamic panel models, the study employs linear dynamic panel model by Arrelano and Bond (Rev Econ Stud 58:277-297, 1991) and Arrelano and Bover (J Econom 68:29-51, 1995)/Blundell and Bond (J Econom 87:115-143, 1998) system generalised methods of moments (GMM). Morandeover for robustness purposes, fixed and random effect models are also applied. The findings indicate that renewable energy use increases biodiversity crisis whereas organic farming is beneficial for biodiversity preservation in Europe. Corruption and gender gap were found to increase the biodiversity crisis. The evidence also suggests a positive and significant effect of forest area, e-governance and social progress on biodiversity. Finally, the study provides insightful implications for stakeholders and practitioners associated with energy and biodiversity conservation in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingran Guo
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Shah
- Independent Researcher, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Alma Mater Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Siddharth Kumar
- Assistant Professor, BFSI, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, New Delhi, India
| | - Hauwah K K AbdulKareem
- Department of Economics and Development Studies, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria
| | - Nasiru Inuwa
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Gombe State University, P.M.B 127, Gombe, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maliang H, Li Y, Wang Y, Jin L, Liu H, Chen A, Chen J, Ma J. Pyroligneous acids from biomass charcoal by-product as a potential non-selective bioherbicide for organic farming: its chemical components, greenhouse phytotoxicity and field efficacy. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:14126-14138. [PMID: 36149555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective and environmentally friendly herbicides are urgently needed to meet consumer demand for organic products. To evaluate the weed control effect of four pyroligneous acid (PAs) mixtures, the byproducts of bamboo/wood/straw vinegar, two herbicide discovery tests were done: (1) the greenhouse tests by using four indicative plants: wheat (Triticum sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), cucumber (Cucumus sativus), and Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv; (2) Field trials with four weeds: E. crusgalli, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb, and Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Greenhouse tests showed that the efficacy of PAs and acetic acid (AA) to control four test plants increased with the increasing of PAs concentration. The inhibition rates of four tested PAs (FBV (0.6-9.2% AA + (0.3-5.0% tar), HWV (0.2-1.8% AA + 0.3-4.3% tar), ASV (0.5-8.7% AA + 0.4-7.0% tar), and CWV (0.7-5.3% AA + 0.5-7.5% tar) gave inhibition rates of 56 ± 4-97 ± 2%, 21 ± 2-90 ± 6%, 29 ± 3-98 ± 5%, and 44 ± 6-86 ± 2%, respectively, and the field effects of PAs against four weeds were enhanced with the increasing of concentrations and time after spraying (1 to 14 days). Their control effects against E. crusgalli, E. indica, A. philoxeroides, and C. canadensis were 4 ± 1-93 ± 4%, 7 ± 3-90 ± 3%, 32 ± 2-95 ± 3%, and 31 ± 5-96 ± 4%, respectively. The mixed effect of the four PAs was higher than the same dose of AA. These results will help to determine the potential of PAs to be developed as non-selective herbicides to control weeds in organic farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Maliang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lancao Jin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Anliang Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, 311300, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Obeng J, Agyei-Dwarko D, Teinor P, Danso I, Lutuf H, Lekete-Lawson E, Ablormeti FK, Eddy-Doh MA. Bioactivity of an organic farming aid with possible fungistatic properties against some oil palm seedling foliar pathogens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1280. [PMID: 36690688 PMCID: PMC9870896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic fungicides are necessary evil in crop production, their usage cannot be neglected or abandoned but must be alternated/supplemented with other control measures such as cultural, host resistance and biocontrol methods to reduce their detrimental effect on the environment and living organisms. A bioproduct (wood vinegar) was evaluated against oil palm seedling pathogens at CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute, Kusi at different concentrations and compared with an inorganic fungicide at the manufacturer's recommended dosage. Disease pathogens were isolated from collected diseased leaf samples and pure cultures were established on cPDA. PDA was amended with wood vinegar ranging from 0 to 3.35% and 0.1%v/v of carbendazim as a positive control. Daily colony growth was measured in two diagonal lengths and averages of day 6 and day 7 were used to calculate the inhibition percentage for both pathogens. 11 mm/day was the lowest average growth rate recorded for 2.68% v/v of wood vinegar and 14.17 mm/day on control plate of Curvularia species. There was no significant difference between 0.1%v/v carbendazim, 2.68 and 3.35% v/v against Curvularia species whilst significantly, there was difference between 0.1%v/v carbendazim and 2.68 and 3.35%v/v of wood vinegar against Pestalotiopsis species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Obeng
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana.
| | - Daniel Agyei-Dwarko
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| | | | - Isaac Danso
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| | - Hanif Lutuf
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| | - Emmanuellah Lekete-Lawson
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| | - Fred Kormla Ablormeti
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| | - Mary Akpe Eddy-Doh
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research - Oil Palm Research Institute, P. O. Box 74, Kade, Ghana
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Luh YH, Chang YC, Hsieh MF. What determines how green crop farming can get? Spatial factors or green awareness spillovers. J Environ Manage 2023; 326:116667. [PMID: 36401902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study intends to examine if traditional local factors (seasonal weather conditions) and/or green awareness spillovers contribute to the spatial dependency of farmland allocated to organic farming after its uptake in Taiwan. To investigate the push and pull factors to improve the policy targeting on environmentally-friendly farming practices, we assess spatial autocorrelation of the adoption intensity of organic farming with exploratory analysis, and expand that by exploring how explanatory factors affect the adoption intensity using a spatial Tobit regression analysis, taking into consideration that the adoption intensity is a typical example of censored data. Based on township-level data of 323 townships constructed from 213,534 rice farm households drawn from the 2015 Agriculture Census, we find high-high clusters (hot spots) are mostly in the northern and the eastern parts of Taiwan, whereas the majority of low-low clusters (cold spots) locate in central and southern Taiwan. Such spatial aspects of organic adoption intensity suggest that a spatially targeted program in promoting environmental awareness is pertinent to fostering the development of organic agriculture. The results from the spatial lag Tobit regression estimation provide empirical evidence supporting the role of local weather conditions and green awareness spillovers in explaining the spatial patterns of organic agriculture in Taiwan. In light of the stylized fact that the majority of the rice farm households in Taiwan are small with 84% having farmland areas less than 1 ha, the findings provide practical references to policy practitioners in tailoring farm programs or policies in line with the notion of inclusive and sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yir-Hueih Luh
- Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Cih Chang
- Department of Agricultural Economics, National Taiwan University 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Feng Hsieh
- Department of Economics, Tunghai University, 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Xitun Dist., Taichung, 407224, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Penagos-Tabares F, Sulyok M, Faas J, Krska R, Khiaosa-Ard R, Zebeli Q. Residues of pesticides and veterinary drugs in diets of dairy cattle from conventional and organic farms in Austria. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120626. [PMID: 36370968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture depends highly on pesticides and pharmaceutical preparations, so controlling exposure to these substances in the feed and food chain is essential. This article presents the first study on residues of a broad spectrum of pesticides and veterinary drugs in the diets of dairy cattle. One hundred and two representative samples of the complete diets, including basal feed rations and additional fed concentrate, were collected in three Austrian provinces (Styria, Lower and Upper Austria) in 2019 and 2020. The samples were tested for >700 pesticides, veterinary drugs and related metabolites using a validated method based on liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS). In total, 16 residues (13 pesticides and three veterinary drug residues) were detected. > 90% of the diets contained pesticide residues and <10% veterinary drug residues, whereas banned pesticides were not found. The most frequent pesticide residues were fluopyram (62%), piperonyl butoxide (39%) and diethyltoluamide (35%). The following pesticides exceed the default EU maximum residue level (MRL) (10 μg kg-1) for products exclusively used for animal feed production: Benzovindiflupyr (proportion of samples > MRLs: 1%), bixafen (2%), fluopyram (6%), ipconazole (1%) and tebuconazole (3%). Three residues (dinitrocarbanilide, monensin and nicarbazin) of veterinary drugs were identified, all below the MRLs. Over 60% of the evaluated samples contained mixtures of two to six residues/sample. Only one pesticide (diethyltoluamide) presented a significant difference among regions, with higher concentrations in Upper Austria. Brewery's spent grains were the dietary ingredient that showed the strongest correlation to pesticide residues. These findings evidence the realistic scenario of highly occurrent low doses of pesticides cocktails in the feed/food chain, which may affect the animal, human and environmental health. Since the risk assessments are based on single pesticides, the potential synergistic effect of co-occurring chemicals ("cocktail effect") requires further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Penagos-Tabares
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | - Michael Sulyok
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria.
| | - Johannes Faas
- DSM - BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, Tulln, 3430, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Krska
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-Ard
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria; Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, Vienna, 1210, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
von Schwerin A. [Temporality of Counter-Knowledge in the West German Organic Farming Scene (1970-1999): From Old to New!]. NTM 2022; 30:569-598. [PMID: 36251037 PMCID: PMC9700589 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-022-00351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Stiftung Ökologischer Landbau (SÖL), founded in the mid-1970s, set out to promote organic farming in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). To this end, it brought together protagonists from the scientific community and the environmental movement to build a knowledge base for organic agriculture by drawing on the science-based concepts of natural and organic farming of the 1920s and 1930s. Based on the history of its founding, its structure, and work, this article demonstrates that temporality played an essential role in the establishment of alternative bodies of knowledge. Contrary to the established model of linear scientific-technological progress, the aim was to return to bodies of knowledge and practices that had largely disappeared from the scientific canon of knowledge, but also from agricultural practice, in previous processes of forgetting and marginalization. This is exemplified by the so-called "spade diagnosis," a method developed in the 1930s by soil biologists to assess arable soil. Concepts and practice of counter-knowledge amounted to a model of conservative modernization in organic farming.
Collapse
|
28
|
Esmaeilian Y, Amiri MB, Tavassoli A, Caballero-Calvo A, Rodrigo-Comino J. Replacing chemical fertilizers with organic and biological ones in transition to organic farming systems in saffron (Crocus sativus) cultivation. Chemosphere 2022; 307:135537. [PMID: 35850217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the response of saffron to animal manure, and biological and chemical fertilizer in an arid climate, an experiment was performed as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design with three replications during three consecutive crop growth seasons (2015-2018) at the Research Farm of University of Gonabad, Iran. The experimental treatments included application (60 t ha-1) and non-application (control) of manure as the main plot and the use of biosulfur (5 kg ha-1), biophosphate (3 L ha-1), nitroxin (3 L ha-1), chemical fertilizer (150, 100, and 100 kg ha-1 of urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulfate, respectively), and no fertilizer application (control) as the sub-plot. The results showed a highly significant response of the quantitative traits of saffron to the application of manure, which increased the leaf, flower, and corm indices of saffron by a mean of 15.1-35.7% than control. The interaction effect of manure with biological and chemical fertilizers for leaf, flower, and weeds indices of saffron was significant. There was no significant difference between the interaction treatments of manure and chemical fertilizer with nitroxin and biophosphorus fertilizers in most of the mentioned traits in the three experiment years. The simultaneous application of these fertilizers increased the average by about 60, 105, 135, 110, 165, and 55% of the leaf dry weight, the number of flowers, fresh flower yield, dry flower yield, dry stigma yield, and weed dry weight of saffron, respectively as compared to control. There was no significant difference between the chemical fertilizer with nitroxin or biophosphate in terms of the effect on the traits related to saffron corm so the use of these fertilizers, as compared to control, increased replacement corm weight, replacement corm size, and bud number per corm by, respectively, about 35, 60, and 40% on average. The chemical and biological fertilizers improved the content of crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal of saffron stigma. The best results were obtained from the use of chemical fertilizers, although no significant difference was observed between this treatment and the nitroxin and biophosphate treatments. Overall, the results of this three-year experiment show a very high response of the saffron plant to the simultaneous use of manure and biological fertilizers and, therefore, it is possible to replace chemical fertilizers with organic and biological fertilizers in saffron cultivation to implement organic agriculture and achieve acceptable quantitative and qualitative yields in areas similar to the experiment location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrés Caballero-Calvo
- Department of Regional Geographic Analysis and Physical Geography, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
- Department of Regional Geographic Analysis and Physical Geography, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tran-Nam Q, Tiet T. The role of peer influence and norms in organic farming adoption: Accounting for farmers' heterogeneity. J Environ Manage 2022; 320:115909. [PMID: 35963067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evidence-based elements that impact the adoption of organic farming is advantageous for the proper management of such adoption. Our research examines the influence of socio-psychological factors in promoting organic agriculture in Vietnam, including peer influence, social norms and personal norms. Cluster analysis is applied to account for individuals' heterogeneity in environmental beliefs regarding adopting organic farming. We find that peer influence, such as the frequency of communication and the existence of organic farming neighbors, are critical components of organic agriculture. Moreover, social and personal norms could also play a key role in incentivizing environmentally concerned farmers to convert to organic farming. Therefore, policymakers should encourage neighborhood collaboration, establish a channel for farmers to promote interaction between farmers and promote farmers' recognition of the importance of organic agriculture to effectively drive them toward the sustainable adoption of organic farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Tran-Nam
- UMT Business School, University of Management and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuyen Tiet
- UMT Business School, University of Management and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; BETA, CNRS, INRAE, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Richter A, Kühling J, Becker S, Heckmann S, Hermanowski R, Lambertz C, Reiner G. [Comparison of the efficiency of inhalation and injection anaesthesia for the castration of male suckling piglets in different organic farms]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:303-314. [PMID: 36323288 DOI: 10.1055/a-1945-4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Germany, injection and inhalation anesthesia with the addition of an analgesic drug are an interim solution to surgical castration under general anesthesia due to the ban on non-anesthetic castration of male suckling piglets under 8 days of age. However, the efficiency of both anesthetic procedures is submit to controversial discussion. Most of the studies addressing this question only examined one of the procedures in comparison to piglets castrated without anesthesia or uncastrated controls. Comparisons between the anesthesia methods, especially under conditions of organically working farms, are almost completely lacking. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the efficacy of injection and inhalation anesthesia under practical conditions in 7 organic farms as well as to examine the effect of metamizole administered in addition to meloxicam. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this purpose, 514 male suckling piglets were examined with regard to anesthesia efficiency (reflex test, defence behaviour), body temperature, post-operative bleeding and wound healing, post-operative behavior and pain behavior as well as the course of the recovery phase. RESULTS The results show a basic superiority of inhalation anesthesia over injection anesthesia, especially in the areas of anesthetic efficacy, thermoregulation and duration of the recovery phase. In 7.7 to 15 % of piglets, the perianal and interclaw reflexes studied were still present at the time of castration. Following injection and inhalation anesthesia, in total 83.6 (25.2 %) of the piglets showed at least one of the following criteria: positive reflex response, clear defensive movements or vocalisations. Body temperature dropped by 0.41 °C under inhalation anesthesia and by 1.82 °C under injection anesthesia. Post-castration bleeding and wound healing were hardly influenced by the type of anesthesia. Almost all piglets showed signs of pain and pain-associated behavior for 5 and 72 hours after castration, regardless of the type of anesthesia. The post-castration recovery phases lasted significantly longer after injection anesthesia (107 minutes) than following inhalation anesthesia (33.3 minutes) until the piglets were returned to the sow. CONCLUSION Neither injection nor inhalation anesthesia in spite of additional administration of meloxicam, nor the supplementary use of metamizole, fulfil the EU requirements for painless castration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The necessary analgesia during and after castration of male suckling piglets is not achieved under either isoflurane or ketamine/azaperone anesthesia, despite the use of meloxicam and metamizole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arlinda Richter
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Schweine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Josef Kühling
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Schweine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | - Sabrina Becker
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Schweine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| | | | | | | | - Gerald Reiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Schweine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Makris G, Nikoloudakis N, Samaras A, Karaoglanidis GS, Kanetis LI. Under Pressure: A Comparative Study of Botrytis cinerea Populations from Conventional and Organic Farms in Cyprus and Greece. Phytopathology 2022; 112:2236-2247. [PMID: 35671479 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-21-0510-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The highly heterogeneous nature of Botrytis cinerea provides adaptive benefits to variable environmental regimes. Disentangling pathogen population structure in anthropogenic agroecosystems is crucial to designing more effective management schemes. Herein, we studied how evolutionary forces exerted in different farming systems, in terms of agrochemicals-input, shape B. cinerea populations. In total, 360 B. cinerea isolates were collected from conventional and organic, strawberry and tomato farms in Cyprus and Greece. The occurrence and frequency of sensitivities to seven botryticides were estimated. Results highlighted widespread fungicide resistance in conventional farms since only 15.5% of the isolates were sensitive. A considerable frequency of fungicide-resistant isolates was also detected in the organic farms (14.9%). High resistance frequencies were observed for boscalid (67.7%), pyraclostrobin (67.3%), cyprodinil (65.9%), and thiophanate-methyl (61.4%) in conventional farms, while high levels of multiple fungicide resistance were also evident. Furthermore, B. cinerea isolates were genotyped using a set of seven microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat [SSR] markers). Index of association analyses (Ia and rBarD) suggest asexual reproduction of the populations, even though the mating-type idiomorphs were equally distributed, indicating frequency-dependent selection. Fungicide resistance was correlated with farming systems across countries and crops, while SSRs were able to detect population structure associated with resistance to thiophanate-methyl, pyraclostrobin, boscalid, and cyprodinil. The expected heterozygosity in organic farms was significantly higher than in conventional, suggesting the absence of selective pressure that may change the allelic abundance in organic farms. However, genetic variance among strawberry and tomato populations was high, ranking host specificity higher than other selection forces studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Makris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Nikolaos Nikoloudakis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Anastasios Samaras
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios S Karaoglanidis
- Department of Agriculture, Plant Pathology Laboratory, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Loukas I Kanetis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gnanaprakasam PD, Vanisree AJ. Recurring detrimental impact of agrochemicals on the ecosystem, and a glimpse of organic farming as a possible rescue. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:75103-75112. [PMID: 36070036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
|
33
|
Dudziak A, Kocira A. Preference-Based Determinants of Consumer Choice on the Polish Organic Food Market. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191710895. [PMID: 36078610 PMCID: PMC9518508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: The development of the organic food market in Poland is currently at a fairly high level. There is a growing demand for organic food, but the share of total sales remains low. There are still many barriers related to the availability of organic food and information about it. In addition, consumers are skeptical of the inspection system in organic farming and admit that these foods do not meet their expectations regarding sensory qualities. Methods: The article conducted its own research, using an author's survey questionnaire, which was distributed in Lublin Province. The research sample consisted of 342 respondents and was diverse in terms of gender, age and place of residence. The purpose of the analysis was to ascertain the determinants affecting the choice of organic food. For the study, the method of correspondence analysis was used, the purpose of which was to isolate characteristic groups of consumers who exhibit certain behaviors towards organic products. Results: Respondents admitted that they buy organic food several times a month, most often spending an amount of EUR 10-20 (per month). They also paid attention to product labeling, with labels read mostly by residents of small towns (up to 30,000 residents). Respondents were also asked about the reasons why they do not buy organic food. The results of the analysis show that respondents believe it is too expensive, but they also cannot point out differences with other products. Conclusions: The main purpose of this article was to study the preferences of organic food buyers and to identify factors that determine their choice but that may also be barriers to purchasing this category of food. These issues need to be further explored so as to create recommendations in this regard for various participants in the organic food market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dudziak
- Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Kocira
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Agriculture, The University College of Applied Sciences in Chełm, 22-100 Chełm, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rolhauser AG, Windfeld E, Hanson S, Wittman H, Thoreau C, Lyon A, Isaac ME. A trait-environment relationship approach to participatory plant breeding for organic agriculture. New Phytol 2022; 235:1018-1031. [PMID: 35510804 PMCID: PMC9322327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extent of intraspecific variation in trait-environment relationships is an open question with limited empirical support in crops. In organic agriculture, with high environmental heterogeneity, this knowledge could guide breeding programs to optimize crop attributes. We propose a three-dimensional framework involving crop performance, crop traits, and environmental axes to uncover the multidimensionality of trait-environment relationships within a crop. We modeled instantaneous photosynthesis (Asat ) and water-use efficiency (WUE) as functions of four phenotypic traits, three soil variables, five carrot (Daucus carota) varieties, and their interactions in a national participatory plant breeding program involving a suite of farms across Canada. We used these interactions to describe the resulting 12 trait-environment relationships across varieties. We found one significant trait-environment relationship for Asat (taproot tissue density-soil phosphorus), which was consistent across varieties. For WUE, we found that three relationships (petiole diameter-soil nitrogen, petiole diameter-soil phosphorus, and leaf area-soil phosphorus) varied significantly across varieties. As a result, WUE was maximized by different combinations of trait values and soil conditions depending on the variety. Our three-dimensional framework supports the identification of functional traits behind the differential responses of crop varieties to environmental variation and thus guides breeding programs to optimize crop attributes from an eco-evolutionary perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés G. Rolhauser
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONM1C 1A4Canada
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de InformaciónFacultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresC1417DSEArgentina
- Facultad de AgronomíaIFEVAUniversidad de Buenos AiresCONICETBuenos AiresC1417DSEArgentina
| | - Emma Windfeld
- Department of GeographyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada
- School of Public PolicySimpson CentreUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABT2P 1H9Canada
| | - Solveig Hanson
- Center for Sustainable Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada
| | - Hannah Wittman
- Center for Sustainable Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada
| | - Chris Thoreau
- Center for Sustainable Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada
| | - Alexandra Lyon
- Center for Sustainable Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCV6T 1Z2Canada
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Food SystemsKwantlen Polytechnic UniversityRichmondBCV6X 3X7Canada
| | - Marney E. Isaac
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONM1C 1A4Canada
- Department of GeographyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liebert J, Benner R, Bezner Kerr R, Björkman T, De Master KT, Gennet S, Gómez MI, Hart AK, Kremen C, Power AG, Ryan MR. Farm size affects the use of agroecological practices on organic farms in the United States. Nat Plants 2022; 8:897-905. [PMID: 35864172 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic agriculture outperforms conventional agriculture across several sustainability metrics due, in part, to more widespread use of agroecological practices. However, increased entry of large-scale farms into the organic sector has prompted concerns about 'conventionalization' through input substitution, agroecosystem simplification and other changes. We examined this shift in organic agriculture by estimating the use of agroecological practices across farm size and comparing indicators of conventionalization. Results from our national survey of 542 organic fruit and vegetable farmers show that fewer agroecological practices were used on large farms, which also exhibited the greatest degree of conventionalization. Intercropping, insectary plantings and border plantings were at least 1.4 times more likely to be used on small (0.4-39 cropland ha) compared with large (≥405 cropland ha) farms, whereas reduced tillage was less likely and riparian buffers were more likely on small compared with medium (40-404 cropland ha) farms. Because decisions about management practices can drive environmental sustainability outcomes, policy should support small and medium farms that already use agroecological practices while encouraging increased use of agroecological practices on larger farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Liebert
- Soil & Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas Björkman
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Cornell Agritech, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Teigen De Master
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Miguel I Gómez
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Claire Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alison G Power
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Ryan
- Soil & Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Breza-Boruta B, Ligocka A, Bauza-Kaszewska J. Natural Bioactive Compounds in Organic and Conventional Fermented Food. Molecules 2022; 27:4084. [PMID: 35807328 PMCID: PMC9268576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to conventional agriculture, organic farming is believed to provide a higher nutritional and health value in its products due to the elimination of harmful contaminants (pesticides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.). Numerous studies have been conducted to show how the production system affects the quality of food in terms of the content of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the content of some bioactive compounds (vitamin C, β-carotene, Ca content) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) number and their bacteriocinogenic activity in organic and conventional fermented food. Although the results do not provide an unambiguous conclusion regarding the superiority of one production system over the other, the LAB number in organic pickled carrot juice, sauerkraut, yogurt, and kefir was higher than in their conventional counterparts. Their bacteriocinogenic potential against selected pathogens was also higher in most organic products. Organic vegetables contained significantly more vitamin C, and the calcium content in the organic yogurt was higher compared to the conventional version of the product. Relatively similar concentrations of ß-carotene for both production systems were found in carrot juice, while in organic pickled beet juice, there was five-fold less ß-carotene than in conventional juice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Breza-Boruta
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardynska St., 85-029 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.L.); (J.B.-K.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Coppola G, Costantini M, Fusi A, Ruiz-Garcia L, Bacenetti J. Comparative life cycle assessment of conventional and organic hazelnuts production systems in Central Italy. Sci Total Environ 2022; 826:154107. [PMID: 35219680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activity is responsible of considerable negative effects on the environment. In this context, in the last years, organic cultivation is increasing being perceived as more sustainable for the environmental. Nevertheless, this higher sustainability compared to conventional agricultural systems is debated. This applied for crops but also for livestock systems. For some of the main crops (i.e., cereals, soybean) comparative analysis were carried out but for most of the other annual and perennial crops there is a lack of information about the environmental impact related to conventional and organic cultivation In this study, the environmental impact of the conventional and organic farming systems of hazelnuts production in Viterbo province in Italy was evaluated using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Even if originally developed for industrial processes, LCA is more and more applied also to agriculture systems to quantify the environmental impact. Primary data were collected by the main Producer Organization and elaborated considering 1 kg of hazelnuts as functional unit and a from cradle to gate approach considering the 50-years as life cycle duration of the crop. Finally, using the Recipe characterization method, 15 midpoint impact categories were evaluated. The results show how, except than for ecotoxicity related impact categories, organic cultivation practice shows higher impact (from +5% to +285%) respect to the conventional production. For ecotoxicity related impact categories, organic hazelnut production performs better (from -42% to -81%) than the conventional one because no synthetic pesticides are applied. The sensitivity analysis carried shows how yield is the main driver of the environmental results while the uncertainty analysis performed with the Monte Carlo technique shows that the to the selection of the data source, model imprecision and data variability does not significantly affect the environmental results for the evaluated impact categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Coppola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Costantini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fusi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luis Ruiz-Garcia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacopo Bacenetti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mazur-Włodarczyk K, Gruszecka-Kosowska A. Conventional or Organic? Motives and Trends in Polish Vegetable Consumption. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084667. [PMID: 35457534 PMCID: PMC9032158 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables constitute a major component of human food security. They are the main sources of essential nutrients including antioxidants, natural dyes, minerals, and vitamins. Eating habit issues related to the consumption of vegetables are gaining importance within the context of a healthy lifestyle, longevity, and physical fitness. Additionally, food quality is of primary importance, and so-called eco-food (defined as food as natural as possible, without fertilizers, pesticides, or preservatives) seems to be the most popular world-trend in healthy nutrition. Keeping these ideas in focus, research on vegetable consumption in Poland in the context of conventional or organic production was performed using online questionnaire surveys. The results revealed that the rate of vegetable consumption depended primarily on economic status, except for the potato, which was a staple cutting across all economic strata. Among the 108 analyzed respondents, 74% bought vegetables from certified organic farms. However, 59% bought organic vegetables "rarely" or "sometimes", and only 15% "often". Next, respondents chose to buy vegetables from fresh food markets (45%) and in local shops (41%). About 20% of the respondents acquired vegetables from their own farms. Among the reasons for choosing vegetables from certified organic farms, respondents mentioned in decreasing order: "desire for proper nutrition" (30%), "thinking that organic vegetables are healthier" (28%), and "organic vegetables are generally better" (7%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mazur-Włodarczyk
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Department of Enterprise Management, E-Business and Electronic Economy, Opole University of Technology, E-Business and Electronic Economy, 7 Luboszycka St, 45-036 Opole, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-774498800
| | - Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
- Department of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics, and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jaacks LM, Serupally R, Dabholkar S, Venkateshmurthy NS, Mohan S, Roy A, Prabhakaran P, Smith B, Gathorne-Hardy A, Veluguri D, Eddleston M. Impact of large-scale, government legislated and funded organic farming training on pesticide use in Andhra Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e310-e319. [PMID: 35397219 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pesticides in agriculture has been associated with the destruction of biodiversity and damage to human health. A marked reduction in pesticide use is urgently required globally, but whether this can be achieved rapidly and at scale is unclear. We aimed to assess whether government-legislated and funded organic farming training in Andhra Pradesh, India, reduced pesticide use by farmers and sales of pesticides by pesticide retailers. METHODS We did a cross-sectional survey between Aug 11 and Nov 26, 2020, among farmers and pesticide retailers in Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh (India). We assessed the impact of the Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming (APCNF) programme, which aims to transition 100% of the agricultural land of Andhra Pradesh (population approximately 49 million, 6 million of whom are farmers) to organic farming practices by 2030. We did cross-sectional phone interview surveys of farmers and face-to-face surveys of pesticide retailers. We used multivariable Poisson regression models to estimate relative risks (RRs) and logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs). FINDINGS 962 farmers were invited to participate, of whom 894 (93%) consented (709 conventional farmers and 149 APCNF farmers). 47 pesticide retailers were invited to participate, of whom 38 (81%) consented. APCNF farmers had practised APCNF for a median of 2 years (IQR 1-3). APCNF farmers were less likely to use pesticides than conventional farmers (adjusted RR 0·65 [95% CI 0·57-0·75]), although pesticide use remained high among both APCNF and conventional farmers (73 [49%] of 148 APCNF farmers vs 695 [99%] of 700 conventional farmers; p<0·0001). APCNF farmers had lower pesticide expenditures than conventional farmers (median US$0 [IQR 0-170] for APCNF farmers vs $175 [91-281] for conventional farmers; p=0·0001). Increased frequency of meeting with agricultural extension workers was associated with reduced pesticide use among ACPNF farmers. Seven (18%) of 38 retailers reported a decrease in sales of pesticides in the past 4 years; no difference in the odds of reporting a decrease in pesticide sales in the past 4 years was identified between APCNF retailers and conventional retailers (OR 0·95 [95% CI 0·58-1·57]). INTERPRETATION Despite a major government drive for organic agriculture, about half of APCNF farmers continued to use pesticides and no impact on pesticide sales at local retailers was observed. A combination of policy instruments (eg, bans on highly hazardous pesticides), not solely training for farmers, might be needed to eliminate pesticide use in agriculture. FUNDING Scottish Funding Council and UK Research and Innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Jaacks
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Shweta Dabholkar
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nikhil Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Sailesh Mohan
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Roy
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Poornima Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Barbara Smith
- Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Alfred Gathorne-Hardy
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Divya Veluguri
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Eddleston
- Centre for Pesticide Suicide Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Boinot S, Alignier A. On the restoration of hedgerow ground vegetation: Local and landscape drivers of plant diversity and weed colonization. J Environ Manage 2022; 307:114530. [PMID: 35066200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hedgerows are among the most stable refugia for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, providing food and shelter to many living organisms. However, the destruction and alteration of hedgerow ground vegetation compromise their potential for biodiversity conservation. The purpose of this study was to find local and landscape-scale drivers that promote plant diversity in hedgerows and prevent their colonization by troublesome weeds. Using a functional approach, we assessed the effects of hedgerow features, adjacent farming systems (conventional vs organic) and landscape context (bocage, semi-natural habitat cover, organic farming cover) on the diversity and composition of plant communities in 40 hedgerows, in Brittany (France). Hedgerow features had no effect on species diversity, but influenced functional diversity measured as a standardized effect size (SES), i.e. independent of species diversity. Organic farming at local scale was the main driver increasing both species and functional diversity (SES), doubling the cover of insect-pollinated forbs. High organic farming cover in the landscape increased species diversity, but not functional diversity (SES), of hedgerows adjoining conventional farming systems. Besides, high cover of semi-natural habitats and organic farming in the landscape prevented colonization of hedgerows by troublesome weeds. Promoting extensive management at both local and landscape scale is thus necessary for successful restoration of hedgerow ground vegetation, which should favour biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Boinot
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE - Institut Agro - ESA, INRAE-UMR 0980 BAGAP, 65 rue de St Brieuc CS 84215, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France.
| | - Audrey Alignier
- UMR 0980 BAGAP, INRAE - Institut Agro - ESA, INRAE-UMR 0980 BAGAP, 65 rue de St Brieuc CS 84215, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France; LTSER « Zone Atelier Armorique », F-35042, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dou C, Cui L, Li C. Can Information Intervention Enhance Consumers' Purchase Intentions of Organic Agricultural Products? A Choice Experiment Based on Organic Milk. J Healthc Eng 2022; 2022:1256796. [PMID: 35399838 PMCID: PMC8989582 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1256796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite the current rapid growth of organic agriculture, the problem of low demand for organic agricultural products persists in China, and the consumption space warrants improvement. Exploring consumers' preferences for organic agricultural products and increasing their purchase intentions are of utmost significance to promote organic agricultural production. Thus, this study takes organic milk, which accounts for 58% of China's organic processed agricultural products in sales, as the research object, and uses a choice experiment to investigate the influence of consumers on the purchase intention of organic milk under the intervention of environmental protection information and quality and safety information. The main research results revealed that both environmental protection information and quality and safety information have significantly increased consumers' willingness to purchase and that quality and safety information has increased more than environmental protection information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Dou
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Lihang Cui
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Cuixia Li
- School of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pawlewicz A, Gotkiewicz W, Brodzińska K, Pawlewicz K, Mickiewicz B, Kluczek P. Organic Farming as an Alternative Maintenance Strategy in the Opinion of Farmers from Natura 2000 Areas. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19073793. [PMID: 35409477 PMCID: PMC8997517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Agricultural land accounts for approximately 40% of the total Natura 2000 (N2K) network area. Therefore, many habitats and species protected under the Habitats and Birds Directives are dependent on or linked to agricultural practices. This implies that sustaining agriculture of a high natural value is a priority in achieving the aim of halting the loss of biodiversity in the European Union (EU). However, extensive agriculture is unprofitable in many regions of the EU, which results in it being either abandoned or intensified in the absence of financial support. Hence, organic farming (OF), which is most often supported with public funds, can be an alternative to conventional agriculture in N2K areas. This article is an empirical study of the differences in perceiving the possibilities of farm functioning in a protected area (PA) by organic and conventional farm owners. It was examined whether this could be the actual path to improving farmers’ living conditions in the context of legal protection of naturally valuable areas. The study material comprises the results of a survey conducted at the turn of 2016 and 2017, which addressed a total of 292 farmers, including 152 organic farm operators and 140 conventional farm operators, whose areas under cultivation were located within the N2K “Dolina Biebrzy” (“Biebrza Valley”) PLH200008 area in Poland. For the analysis of the data collected using structured questionnaires, a variety of statistical methods and techniques were applied. The study results indicated that in terms of satisfaction with the economic performance of their farms, there is no major difference between the opinions expressed by organic and conventional farm owners. However, organic farming could be an alternative livelihood strategy from the environmental policy perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pawlewicz
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (W.G.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Wojciech Gotkiewicz
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (W.G.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Brodzińska
- Department of Agrotechnology and Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (W.G.); (K.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Pawlewicz
- Department of Socio-Economic Geography, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 15, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Mickiewicz
- Department of Regional and European Studies, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Kluczek
- Interdisciplinary Humanistic Doctoral Studies, Faculty of Applied Linguistics, University of Warsaw, Szturmowa 4, 02-678 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Daelemans R, Hulsmans E, Honnay O. Both organic and integrated pest management of apple orchards maintain soil health as compared to a semi-natural reference system. J Environ Manage 2022; 303:114191. [PMID: 34861508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns about the negative environmental impacts of agriculture have resulted in the increasing adoption of farming systems that try to reconcile crop production with environmental sustainability, such as organic farming. As organic farming refrains from using synthetic inputs, it heavenly relies on maintaining soil health. However, it is still poorly understood how organic management performs in terms of maintaining soil health in real commercial and heterogeneous farm settings as compared to conventional management, and especially as compared to a natural reference system. Here, we compared a set of soil health indicators among 24 commercial apple orchards that were either managed organically or conventionally using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices. In addition, we quantified the same indicators in 12 semi-natural grasslands as a benchmark to assess to what extent soil processes and functions have been degraded due to agricultural practices. As soil heath indicators, we quantified soil bulk density, organic matter content, organic carbon content, organic carbon stock, total nitrogen (N), potential heterotrophic respiration, potential net N mineralization, litter decomposition and litter stabilization, and we added the diversity of the herbaceous vegetation and the soil microbiome as covariates in our models. We found no differences between organic and IPM orchards, and neither of the farming systems showed evidence of impaired soil health compared to the semi-natural benchmark, with the exception of higher decomposition rates measured in both orchard types. We observed, however, high spatial variation in soil health between drive and crop rows within the orchards. Especially in the IPM orchards, crop rows showed impaired soil health compared to the adjacent drive rows, indicating that there is still opportunity to improve soil management in the IPM system. In addition, our results show that a considerable part of the variation in soil characteristics can be attributed to the study site, suggesting that both natural heterogeneity and personal management preferences by individual farmers are more important than the management system. Overall, and at least in terms of the soil variables measured in this study, our results suggest that perennial crop systems can be managed in a sustainable way, without jeopardizing soil health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Daelemans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Eva Hulsmans
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Division of Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Adebiyi JA, Olabisi LS. Participatory Causal Loop Mapping of the Adoption of Organic Farming in Nigeria. Environ Manage 2022; 69:410-428. [PMID: 35028676 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to the expectations of promoters of organic agriculture, the adoption of the technology by smallholder farmers in Africa has been low and slow, for reasons not well understood. Existing studies on the topic mostly estimated the effect of some variables on the adoption of the technology. But adoption is characterized by complex and dynamic interactions of many interconnected factors, which existing studies overlooked. The underlying causal structures and feedback mechanisms that dynamically interact to affect the adoption of organic farming in urban and rural Africa are also not well known. To bridge these gaps, we used a system dynamics tool called participatory causal loop diagraming to map the underlying causal factors and feedback mechanisms driving the adoption of organic farming in rural and urban Nigeria. We conducted loop and network analyses of the group causal loop diagrams, which were created during the participatory system dynamics modeling workshops with the organic farmers in our study areas. Our findings underscore the importance of the knowledge of organic farming, demand- and supply-side-oriented awareness creation, and the economic viability of organic farming for widespread adoption of the technology. We suggested the potential leverages around which interventions can be built to boost the adoption rates of the technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jelili Adegboyega Adebiyi
- Department of Community Sustainability and Environmental Science Policy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
| | - Laura Schmitt Olabisi
- Department of Community Sustainability and Environmental Science Policy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mattila TEA, Perkiö-Mäkelä M, Hirvonen M, Kinnunen B, Väre M, Rautiainen RH. Work exposures and mental and musculoskeletal symptoms in organic farming. Ergonomics 2022; 65:242-252. [PMID: 34554049 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1974102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study focussed on harmful exposures and mental and musculoskeletal symptoms in organic and conventional farming using interview data of Finnish farmers over the winter of 2014-2015. The data consisted of 2,169 full-time farmers, out of whom 231 (11%) practiced organic farming and 1,938 (89%) conventional farming. Exposure to poisonous and irritating substances was less frequent while exposures to vibration and mould ('smell of root cellar') were more frequent on organic farms. Mental and musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more common among organic farmers, but the associations were not statistically significant in regression modelling. Risk factors for mental symptoms included animal production, hired labour, female gender, constant hurry, working alone, economic uncertainty, and inadequate recovery from workdays. Risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms included older age, female gender, constant hurry, economic uncertainty, difficult working postures, heavy lifting and carrying, and inadequate recovery. Workload and recovery, managing the transition period and better follow-up of the occupational well-being were identified as concerns among organic farmers. Practitioner summary: Converting from conventional to organic farming has become increasingly common. Farmer interviews indicated that exposure to poisonous and irritating substances was less frequent while exposures to vibration and mould were more frequent on organic farms. Mental and musculoskeletal symptoms and risk factors were similar in both types of farming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Hirvonen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio Regional Office, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Birgitta Kinnunen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Kuopio Regional Office, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Väre
- Natural Resources Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Silva MBRD, Maffei DF, Moreira DA, Dias M, Mendes MA, Franco BDGDM. Agricultural practices in Brazilian organic farms and microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:1185-1196. [PMID: 34365710 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gather data on agricultural practices in organic farms in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and evaluate their relationship with the microbiological characteristics of samples collected along the production chain. METHODS AND RESULTS Practices data were based on field observations and interviews with farmers in 10 selected organic lettuce producing farms. Counts of Enterobacteriaceae and surveys for Salmonella were performed in samples of lettuce (before and after washing), fertilizers, irrigation and washing water, all collected in the same farm. Water samples were also tested for total coliforms and generic Escherichia coli. Isolated Enterobacteriaceae were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Contamination of lettuce was influenced by some agricultural practices: chicken manure-based fertilization resulted in higher Enterobacteriaceae counts in lettuce when compared to other types of manure, whereas pre-washed lettuces presented lower microbial counts than non-pre-washed samples. Salmonella was detected in one lettuce sample by qPCR. Escherichia coli was detected in all irrigation water samples. All sample types contained Enterobacteriaceae species commonly reported as opportunistic human pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The data highlight the need for improvement in the good agricultural practices in the studied farms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information on agricultural practices and microbiological characteristics of organic lettuce, contributing to the development of more accurate risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Belchior Rosendo da Silva
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Fernanda Maffei
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, ‟Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Debora Andrade Moreira
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Meriellen Dias
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Anita Mendes
- Dempster MS Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco
- Food Research Center (FoRC), Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Braglia R, Costa P, Di Marco G, D'Agostino A, Redi EL, Scuderi F, Gismondi A, Canini A. Phytochemicals and quality level of food plants grown in an aquaponics system. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:844-850. [PMID: 34231921 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beyond nutrition, fruits and vegetables can be considered as natural sources of bioactive molecules, for which beneficial effects on human health are widely recognised. To improve food quality, soilless growing systems could represent a good strategy for promoting a sustainable food production chain, although the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of their products should be investigated in depth. The main quality traits and the volatile and non-volatile secondary metabolites of Solanum lycopersicum L., Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss and Ocimun basilicum L. grown in an aquaponics system and in organic farming were quantified and compared. RESULTS On a fresh basis, soil-grown P. crispum and O. basilicum showed significantly higher total phenolics and antioxidant activity compared to aquaponic crops, whereas, on a dry basis, both plants showed opposite results. Soil-grown S. lycopersicum was significantly richer in total phenolics, whereas the aquaponic type showed a higher antioxidant activity. Aquaponics induced the accumulation of resveratrol in P. crispum, rosmarinic acid and myricetin in O. basilicum, and lycopene in S. lycopersicum. Among the volatile compounds, in O. basilicum, linalool was the main constituent in both treatments, whereas τ-cadinol represented the second constituent in aquaponic crops. The volatile profiles of P. crispum did not differ significantly between the two cultivation methods. CONCLUSION The overall quality of organic and aquaponics cultures appeared to be comparable. The results showed that aquaponic farming method can be an innovative, rapid and sustainable way of producing quality food. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Di Marco
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico L Redi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Scuderi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Gismondi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Canini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Helms JA, Smith J, Clark S, Knupp K, Haddad NM. Ant Communities and Ecosystem Services in Organic Versus Conventional Agriculture in the U.S. Corn Belt. Environ Entomol 2021; 50:1276-1285. [PMID: 34554252 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides can limit negative impacts of agriculture on insects and is a crucial step towards sustainable agriculture. In the United States, organic agriculture has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, pollutant runoff, and biodiversity loss in the Midwestern Corn Belt-an area extending over 500,000 km2 devoted to intensive production of corn Zea mays (Linnaeus 1753) (Poales: Poaceae), often in rotation with soy Glycine max (Linnaeus 1753) (Fabales: Fabaceae) or wheat Triticum aestivum (Linnaeus 1753) (Poales: Poaceae). Working in 30-yr-long landscape experiments in this region, we tested for impacts of conventional versus organic agriculture on ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and potential ecosystem services they provide. Organic fields supported higher ant diversity and a slightly more species-rich ant assemblage than conventionally managed fields but did not otherwise differ in community composition. Despite similar community composition, organic and conventional fields differed in seasonal patterns of ant foraging activity and potential for natural pest suppression. Conventional plots experienced higher overall ant foraging activity, but with the timing skewed towards late in the growing season such that 75% of ant foraging occurred after crop harvest in a wheat year and was therefore unavailable for pest suppression. Organic fields, in contrast, experienced moderate levels of ant foraging activity throughout the growing season, with most foraging occurring during crop growth. Organic fields thus supported twice as much pest suppression potential as conventional fields. Our results highlight the importance of timing in mediating ecosystem services in croplands and emphasize the value of managing landscapes for multiple services rather than yield alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson A Helms
- USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Jamie Smith
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USAand
| | - Stephanie Clark
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USAand
| | - Kathleen Knupp
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USAand
| | - Nick M Haddad
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USAand
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Furze JN, Mayad EH. Emergent horizons and biodynamic interactions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:64137-64139. [PMID: 34694555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James Nicholas Furze
- Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), 1 Kensington Gore, London, SW7 2AR, UK.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Department of Biology, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco.
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology-Iraq, P.O. Box 19006, Alisinaah Street, Baghdad, 10066, Iraq.
| | - El Hassan Mayad
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Faculty of Sciences of Agadir, Department of Biology, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106, 80000, Agadir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Almeida RA, Lemmens P, De Meester L, Brans KI. Differential local genetic adaptation to pesticide use in organic and conventional agriculture in an aquatic non-target species. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211903. [PMID: 34784768 PMCID: PMC8596010 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide application is an important stressor to non-target species and can profoundly affect ecosystem functioning. Debates continue on the choice of agricultural practices regarding their environmental impact, and organic farming is considered less detrimental compared to conventional practices. Nevertheless, comparative studies on the impacts of both agricultural approaches on the genetic adaptation of non-target species are lacking. We assessed to what extent organic and conventional agriculture elicit local genetic adaptation of populations of a non-target aquatic species, Daphnia magna. We tested for genetic differences in sensitivity of different D. magna populations (n = 7), originating from ponds surrounded by conventional and organic agriculture as well as nature reserves, to pesticides used either in conventional (chlorpyrifos) or organic agriculture (deltamethrin and copper sulfate). The results indicate that D. magna populations differentially adapt to local pesticide use. Populations show increased resistance to chlorpyrifos as the percentage of conventional agriculture in the surrounding landscape increases, whereas populations from organic agriculture sites are more resistant to deltamethrin. While organic agriculture is considered less harmful for non-target species than conventional, both types of agriculture shape the evolution of pesticide resistance in non-target species in a specific manner, reflecting the differences in selection pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A. Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Leibniz Institute für Gewasserökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|