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Demard EP, Döker I, Qureshi JA. Incidence of eriophyid mites (Acariformes: Eriophyidae) and predatory mites (Parasitiformes: Phytoseiidae) in Florida citrus orchards under three different pest management programs. Exp Appl Acarol 2024; 92:323-349. [PMID: 38451432 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The abundance and diversity of eriophyid and phytoseiid mites in south and central Florida were assessed in six citrus orchards under three different pest management systems, conventional, organic, and untreated. Tree canopy, ground cover, and leaf litter were sampled every two months in two groves for each of the three pest management systems from April 2019 to February 2021. The citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead) represented 95 to 99% of the rust mites sampled in each grove except in one untreated orchard where it accounted for 45% of the samples (n = 938 total P. oleivora mounted specimens). The pink citrus rust mite, Aculops pelekassi (Keifer) was present in organic and untreated orchards at 5% and 28%, respectively, but absent from conventional orchards (n = 134 total A. pelekassi mounted specimens). Twenty-nine species of phytoseiid mites were identified from 1778 specimens. Thirteen species were present in the canopy, fifteen in the ground cover, and eighteen in the leaf litter with some common species among these habitats. In the tree canopy, Typhlodromalus peregrinus (39%), Euseius spp. (25%), and Iphiseiodes quadripilis (19%) were the dominant species. Typhlodromalus peregrinus (43%), Typhlodromips dentilis (25%), and Proprioseiopsis mexicanus (13%) were the major species in the ground cover. Species richness was lower in organic orchards (3.0) compared to conventional and untreated orchards (5.0 and 4.7, respectively). In the leaf litter, Amblyseius curiosus (26%), Proprioseiopsis carolinianus (15%), Chelaseius floridanus (14%), and Amblyseius tamatavensis (12%) were the most common species. Shannon index was significantly higher in conventional orchards (1.45) compared to organic and untreated orchards (1.02 and 1.05, respectively). Evenness was also higher in conventional orchards (0.86) compared to organic and untreated (0.72 and 0.68, respectively). Finding of several phytoseiids in abundance across pest management programs suggest the need for identifying their role in pest suppression particularly mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie P Demard
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA
| | - Ismail Döker
- Agricultural Faculty, Plant Protection Department, Acarology Laboratory, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jawwad A Qureshi
- Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
- Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, FL, 34142, USA.
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Siwach A, Kaushal S, Sarma K, Baishya R. Interplay of moss cover and seasonal variation regulate soil physicochemical properties and net nitrogen mineralization rates in Central Himalayas, India. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118839. [PMID: 37598496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Mosses (Class- Bryopsida) are vital to ecosystem dynamics in numerous biomes, although their effects on soil processes are poorly understood. The interplay of moss cover and seasonal variations in soil processes is still unclear in the Indian Central Himalayas. Therefore, we examined the seasonal variations in net nitrogen (N) mineralization rates and several soil properties under two ground covers (with and without moss cover). We used the ex-situ incubation technique to determine N mineralization rates (Rmin) and standard methodology for soil physical and chemical analysis. During the rainy season, the physical properties of the soil and its nutrients, apart from phosphorus, were higher under moss cover. The winter season, however, showed a different pattern, with soil properties exhibiting higher values in soils without moss cover. Ammonium concentrations were higher under moss cover, while nitrate concentrations were higher in soil without moss cover during rainy and winter seasons. The Rmin rates were higher in soil under moss cover, indicating that moss cover promotes N transformation. In contrast, Rmin rates were negative in soil without moss cover, indicating that N immobilization was dominant in N transformation under this ground cover during the rainy season. Our research shows that mosses positively impact the nutrient status and N mineralization rates in various temperate forest types. The seasonal patterns of soil properties are strongly influenced by soil temperature, moisture, and organic carbon. Therefore, we advocate the conservation of mosses and their integration into forest management plans for better ecosystem processes and services in the ecologically fragile Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Siwach
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Siddhartha Kaushal
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Kiranmay Sarma
- University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Ratul Baishya
- Ecology and Ecosystem Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Osorio E, Fisher B, Foster M, Voigt B, von Wettberg EJB. Alternative ground covers and strip-tilling in CBD hemp production. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:252. [PMID: 37794479 PMCID: PMC10552371 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little research has been done on managing soil health for large-scale, outdoor hemp production, contributing to the possible overuse of black plastic for weed suppression. Our experiment aimed to understand the performance of alternative ground covers including forage crops and hay as well as a less disruptive tilling method called strip-tilling compared to black plastic. RESULTS Yield and soil health data were taken from three experimental plantings from two different outdoor CBD hemp farms in Vermont, USA. We find that hay may be a competitive alternative to black plastic in terms of producing heavier plants. Our research also found that clover seed and hay are both more cost-effective options than black plastic which may sway some farmers to adopt these alternative ground cover options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Osorio
- Department of Statistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Matt Foster
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Brian Voigt
- Gund Institute for the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eric J B von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Gund Institute for the Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Thornton CM, Elledge AE. Heavy grazing of buffel grass pasture in the Brigalow Belt bioregion of Queensland, Australia, more than tripled runoff and exports of total suspended solids compared to conservative grazing. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 171:112704. [PMID: 34298328 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of sediment and particulate nutrients in runoff from the extensive grazing lands of the Fitzroy Basin, central Queensland, continue to contribute to the declining health of the Great Barrier Reef. This study measured differences in hydrology and water quality from conservative and heavy grazing pressures on rundown improved grass pastures in the Fitzroy Basin. Conservative grazing pressure was defined as the safe long-term carrying capacity for rundown buffel grass pasture, whereas heavy grazing pressure was defined as the recommended stocking rate for newly established buffel grass pasture. Heavy grazing of rundown pasture resulted in 2.5 times more bare ground and only 8% of the pasture biomass compared to conservative grazing. Heavy grazing also resulted in 3.6 times more total runoff and 3.3 times the peak runoff rate compared to conservative grazing. Loads of total suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff were also greater from heavy than conservative grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Thornton
- Department of Resources, PO Box 1762, Rockhampton, Queensland 4700, Australia.
| | - A E Elledge
- Department of Resources, PO Box 1762, Rockhampton, Queensland 4700, Australia
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Béliveau A, Lucotte M, Davidson R, Paquet S, Mertens F, Passos CJ, Romana CA. Reduction of soil erosion and mercury losses in agroforestry systems compared to forests and cultivated fields in the Brazilian Amazon. J Environ Manage 2017; 203:522-532. [PMID: 28841519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to causing physical degradation and nutrient depletion, erosion of cultivated soils in the Amazon affects aquatic ecosystems through the release of natural soil mercury (Hg) towards lakes and rivers. While traditional agriculture is generally cited as being among the main causes of soil erosion, agroforestry practices are increasingly appreciated for soil conservation. This study was carried out in family farms of the rural Tapajós region (Brazil) and aimed at evaluating soil erosion and associated Hg release for three land uses. Soils, runoff water and eroded sediments were collected at three sites representing a land cover gradient: a recently burnt short-cycle cropping system (SCC), a 2-year-old agroforestry system (AFS) and a mature forest (F). At each site, two PVC soil erosion plots (each composed of three 2 × 5 m isolated subplots) were implemented on steep and moderate slopes respectively. Sampling was done after each of the 20 rain events that occurred during a 1-month study period, in the peak of the 2011 rain season. Runoff volume and rate, as well as eroded soil particles with their Hg and cation concentrations were determined. Total Hg and cation losses were then calculated for each subplot. Erosion processes were dominated by land use type over rainfall or soil slope. Eroded soil particles, as well as the amount of Hg and cations (CaMgK) mobilized at the AFS site were similar to those at the F site, but significantly lower than those at the SCC site (p < 0.0001). Erosion reduction at the AFS site was mainly attributed to the ground cover plants characterizing the recently established system. Moreover, edaphic change throughout AFS and F soil profiles differed from the SCC site. At the latter site, losses of fine particles and Hg were enhanced towards soil surface, while they were less pronounced at the other sites. This study shows that agroforestry systems, even in their early stages of implementation, are characterized by low erosion levels resembling those of local forest environments, thus contributing to the maintenance of soil integrity and to the reduction of Hg and nutrient mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Béliveau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Robert Davidson
- Biodôme de Montréal, 4777 Pierre-De Coubertin, Montréal, QC, H1V 1B3, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Frédéric Mertens
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, L3 Norte/Gleba A, Bloco C, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos J Passos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, L3 Norte/Gleba A, Bloco C, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Christine A Romana
- Université Paris Descartes/USPC, 19 rue de Dantzig, Paris, 75015, France
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Paredes D, Cayuela L, Gurr GM, Campos M. Effect of non-crop vegetation types on conservation biological control of pests in olive groves. PeerJ 2013; 1:e116. [PMID: 23904994 PMCID: PMC3728767 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation biological control (CBC) is an environmentally sound potential alternative to the use of chemical insecticides. It involves modifications of the environment to promote natural enemy activity on pests. Despite many CBC studies increasing abundance of natural enemies, there are far fewer demonstrations of reduced pest density and very little work has been conducted in olive crops. In this study we investigated the effects of four forms of non-crop vegetation on the abundance of two important pests: the olive psyllid (Euphyllura olivina) and the olive moth (Prays oleae). Areas of herbaceous vegetation and areas of woody vegetation near olive crops, and smaller patches of woody vegetation within olive groves, decreased pest abundance in the crop. Inter-row ground covers that are known to increase the abundance of some predators and parasitoids had no effect on the pests, possibly as a result of lack of synchrony between pests and natural enemies, lack of specificity or intra-guild predation. This study identifies examples of the right types of diversity for use in conservation biological control in olive production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paredes
- Grupo de Protección Vegetal, Departamento de Protección Ambiental, Estación Experimental de Zaidín, CSIC , Granada , Spain
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