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Makhado TG, Sepeng NV, Makhado L. A systematic review of the effectiveness of epilepsy education programs on knowledge, attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1356920. [PMID: 38476196 PMCID: PMC10927725 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1356920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting primary school learners, often leading to misconceptions, stigma, and limited social inclusion. These misconceptions transpire because of a lack of knowledge regarding the condition and may lead to high school dropouts. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of epilepsy education programs on epilepsy-related knowledge and understanding, values and attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and September 2023. Studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were chosen, and two reviewers conducted data extraction independently. A narrative synthesis approach was utilised to analyse the findings. The review included 10 studies that satisfied the inclusion requirements. The epilepsy education interventions varied in content, duration, and delivery method. Findings indicated that diverse delivery methods, such as classroom-based programs, hospital-based programs, and community-centred interventions, effectively enhanced epilepsy-related knowledge and understanding, values and attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. This systematic review provides evidence that epilepsy education programs can effectively enhance epilepsy-related knowledge, understanding, values, attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. These findings support developing and implementing comprehensive guidelines for teaching epilepsy in primary schools, suggesting various delivery methods and integrating cultural values to promote optimal learning outcomes and social inclusion for learners with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lufuno Makhado
- Office of the Deputy Dean Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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Duzan D, Fong K, Freeman VS, Goodyear N, Nadder TS, Spiczka A, Taff T, Tanabe P. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on accredited programs and graduates who sat for the American Society for Clinical Pathology-Board of Certification Examination: program directors' perspective. Lab Med 2023; 54:e207-e214. [PMID: 37738607 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health professions education programs were severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic at clinical and didactic training levels. The purpose for this American Society for Clinical Pathology-Board of Certification (BOC) study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the graduates who sat for BOC certification in their respective professional disciplines from the perspective of program directors (PDs). A separate article will be published on the graduates' perspective. METHODS A survey was sent to all PDs from the National Accrediting Agency for Clinical Laboratory Science, Accrediting Bureau of Health Education Schools, and Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs, accredited programs whose graduates are certified by the BOC, to determine the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare graduates and education programs during the pandemic. RESULTS A total of 201 PDs responded. All programs consistently reported that the pandemic had a negative impact on their students' BOC pass rate and scores. When asked what educational formats were used, all groups used virtual live lectures and recorded lectures. University programs were found to use more online student laboratories and simulation laboratory sessions than the hospital programs, affecting the psychomotor skills of their students. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic were related to the inherent differences between hospital and university programs. This study revealed that the pandemic affected university programs more than hospital programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Duzan
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Karen Fong
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Vicki S Freeman
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
- University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Galveston, TX, US
| | - Nancy Goodyear
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
- University of Massachusetts Lowell Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Teresa S Nadder
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
- Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Richmond, VA, US
| | - Amy Spiczka
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Teresa Taff
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
- Mercy Hospital St. Louis School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Aurora, MO, US
| | - Patricia Tanabe
- American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification, Chicago, IL, US
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Maunakea AK, Juarez R, Maunakea-Forth JK. The Mauli Ola Study: A Unique Academic-Community Partnership With MA'O Organic Farms to Understand and Address Health Inequities Among Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders in Hawai'i. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:1087-1090. [PMID: 37877635 PMCID: PMC10978560 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231190356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples, including Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), experience significant cardiometabolic health disparities arising in large part from rapid changes to their diets and food systems. Innovative food sovereignty initiatives led by NHPIs are needed to address these disparities. This article describes a community-based participatory research study that incorporates social and biological measures to examine the impact of an Indigenous-led land-based food sovereignty youth leadership program on health disparities among NHPI youth in Hawai'i. Grounded in the Indigenous knowledge that holistic health and wellbeing of people is inseparable from that of the environment and to counter rampant food insecurity in their community of Wai'anae, O'ahu, MA'O Organic Farms developed a Youth Leadership Training (YLT) program that offers education, nutrition, physical activity, and access to health care. The program also engages YLT interns and their social networks in health education and research in the ongoing Mauli Ola study. Preliminary data from this study affirm the need to address the disproportionately high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), and poor mental health conditions among young NHPIs in the Wai'anae community, and how the YLT program may provide an effective approach to address this need. Our unique academic-community partnership underscores the importance of social and biomedical research to understand health disparities in the NHPI population, which present novel avenues to enable disease prevention. The outcomes of the Mauli Ola study may serve as a valuable model for health disparities research while leveraging ongoing social programs that support Indigenous food sovereignty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alika K. Maunakea
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawai‘i Integrated Analytics, LLC, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ruben Juarez
- University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Hawai‘i Integrated Analytics, LLC, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Cabezas MF, Nazar G. A scoping review of food and nutrition literacy programs. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad090. [PMID: 37676303 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL) programs on lifestyles and health is recognized in the literature, yet few studies systematize it. This study aims to deepen the understanding of FL/NL from the characterization of programs in terms of (i) theoretical foundations, conceptualization and measuring instruments; (ii) characterization of the FL/NL programs and results and (iii) limitations and future directions declared. A scoping review of original articles addressing FL/NL programs from the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases published between 2015 and 2023. There was a somewhat restricted view of the construct and the absence of a clear boundary between FL and NL. Half of the studies reported theoretical foundations. The most used model was Social Cognitive Learning Theory. More significant development of programs was observed in Australia, using quasi-experimental designs. Most of the studies informed positive results. Limitations of the studies related to the sampling process, absence of a control group and lack of follow-up. It is suggested that long-term interventions consider economic, social and cultural factors. Despite that theoretical and empirical aspects should be revised, FL/NL programs are a suitable strategy to mitigate the social and health effects of inadequate nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Nazar
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Vimpere L, Sami J, Jeannot E. Cervical cancer screening programs for female sex workers: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1226779. [PMID: 37841741 PMCID: PMC10570451 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1226779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common neoplasia affecting women worldwide. Female sex workers (FSWs) are among those at highest risk of developing and succumbing to CC. Yet, they are often overlooked in CC screening programs and have limited access to CC healthcare globally. The development of CC screening programs for this high-risk target population is necessary to reduce the global burden of this disease and to reach the World Health Organization's objective of accelerating the elimination of CC. Objective This review summarizes findings on CC screening programs for FSWs that have been implemented worldwide, and assesses their effectiveness and sustainability. Methods A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A literature search was performed on PubMed, Swisscovery, and Google Scholar for studies describing and assessing CC screening programs for FSWs. In addition, targeted searching online Non-Governmental and International Organizations websites identified grey literature. A single reviewer screened titles and abstracts, and extracted data from the research findings. Results The search identified 13 articles published from 1989 to 2021. All implemented programs successfully reached FSWs and provided them with CC screening during the study period. The most effective and sustainable strategies were the Screen and Treat approach, introducing CC screening into existing STI services in drop-in or outreach clinics, HPV-DNA self-sampling, and integrating sex-workers-specific services in public health facilities. Follow-up was deemed the main challenge in providing and enhancing CC healthcare to FSWs with rates of loss to follow-up ranging from 35 to 60%. Conclusion FSWs are often omitted in national CC screening programs. The further development and improvement of CC healthcare, including follow-up systems, for this high-priority target population are imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Vimpere
- Global Studies Institute, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jana Sami
- Gynecology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilien Jeannot
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Global Health, Geneva, Switzerland
- Addiction Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Viglione C, Rabin B, Fang O, Sheckter L, Aarons GA, Brookman-Frazee L, Stadnick NA. Process evaluation of an academic dissemination and implementation science capacity building program. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e207. [PMID: 37900352 PMCID: PMC10603357 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center (DISC) launched in 2020 to provide dissemination and implementation science (DIS) training, technical assistance, community engagement, and research advancement. DISC developed a program-wide logic model to inform a process evaluation of member engagement and impact related to DISC services. The DISC Logic Model (DLM) served as the framework for a process evaluation capturing quantitative and qualitative information about scientific activities, outputs, and outcomes. The evaluation involved a multimethod approach with surveys, attendance tracking, feedback forms, documentation of grant outcomes, and promotions metrics (e.g., Twitter engagement). There were 540 DISC Members at the end of year 2 of the DISC. Engagement in the DISC was high with nearly all members endorsing at least one scientific activity. Technical assistance offerings such as DISC Journal Club and consultation were most frequently used. The most common scientific outputs were grant submission (65, 39%), formal mentoring for career award (40, 24%), and paper submission (34, 21%). The DLM facilitated a comprehensive process evaluation of our center. Actionable steps include prioritizing technical assistance, strengthening networking opportunities, identifying streamlined approaches to facilitate DIS grant writing through writing workshops, as well as "office hours" or organized writing leagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Viglione
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Borsika Rabin
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Fang
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sheckter
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A. Aarons
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Brookman-Frazee
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole A. Stadnick
- UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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Effraimidou E, Cassimos DC, Medic S, Topalidou M, Theodoridou M, Maltezou HC. Vaccination programs for children aged up to 18 years in Europe, 2020. J Child Health Care 2023; 27:336-350. [PMID: 34844456 DOI: 10.1177/13674935211055294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although all European countries have vaccination policies for children, there are no comprehensive studies of pediatric vaccination programs in Europe. We studied vaccination programs for children in Europe. Vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, and influenza existed in 42 countries, against human papilloma virus in 41 countries, and against pneumococcus in 40 countries. In addition, the following vaccinations existed: against tuberculosis (35 countries), hepatitis A (33), meningococcus A, C, W, Y (30), rotavirus and varicella (28 countries each), meningococcus B (24), tick-born encephalitis (22), and meningococcus C (16). Mandatory vaccinations are implemented in 21 countries, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, H. influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, and pneumococcus. There are significant differences among pediatric vaccination programs in Europe regarding number, schedules, indications, and regulatory frame (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). A consensus-based vaccination program for all children is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Snezana Medic
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maria Topalidou
- Pediatric Clinic, Komotini General Hospital, Komotini, Greece
| | - Maria Theodoridou
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Helena C Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
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Raji I, El Harch I, Ragala MEA, Berraho M, Belahsen MF. The impact of therapeutic education programs on the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis: Protocol of a systematic review. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 37849876 PMCID: PMC10578561 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_331_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The quality of life (QOL) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is estimated to be poor compared to the general population. Its management is complex thus requiring openness to non-pharmacological approaches such as therapeutic education (TPE). However, there is an abundance of educational programs with several components and varying degrees of effectiveness. This protocol is developed with the objective to determine the impact of TPE programs on the QOL of MS patients. We will undergo research in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify all eligible articles published between January 1st, 2007, and February 2022 evaluating the QOL. We will include any quantitative study design: Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials, non-randomized uncontrolled trials, and observational studies. The quality of these studies will be assessed by recommended tools. Two investigators will independently perform the data extractions and any disagreements will be resolved by other reviewers. A narrative synthesis will report results according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist guidelines to draw conclusions based on the totality of the evidence. These results will be summarized by characteristics of studies and programs and by effects on the QOL. This systematic review will provide practice guidance and evidence to effectively target the features and components of TPE programs, to effectively meet the specific needs of MS patients and thereby improve their QOL, and on the other hand to facilitate the appropriation of these programs by clinicians and researchers to optimize the management of MS. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022338651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham Raji
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ibtissam El Harch
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed E. A. Ragala
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Geology, Teachers Training College (Ecole Normale Superieure), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Berraho
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Mohammed F. Belahsen
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Sciences Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
- Department of Neurology, Hassan II University Hospital Center, Fez, Morocco
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Kundapur R, Rashmi A, Mishra KG, Panda M, Ravikoti S, Agarwal N. Understanding the need for developing a structured competency-based curriculum for health policy and programs among community medicine postgraduates: A grounded theory approach. Indian J Public Health 2023; 67:408-414. [PMID: 37929383 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_825_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many plans and policy changes about health outcomes have evolved, but none of them have ever given a definite shape to the postgraduate (PG) curriculum so as to make it more intensive and integrative, which needs to be so structured and tailored that it is more patient, community centric, and less knowledge based. Objectives The objective of this study was to identify the gap in existing curriculum in learning of health policy and program among PGs of community medicine and recommend a structured model for the same. Materials and Methods A qualitative study (grounded theory approach) with all PGs of community medicine in one teaching institute in South India (8 PG students) was taken up. Results PGs felt that they never had any day-to-day update. They wanted to understand the working pattern and ground reality of policy and program which was unavailable to them. People who came to postgraduation after being medical officers felt that the monitoring and evaluation done by inexperienced MD Community Medicine students was never accepted by state public health because they did not understand the implementation problems and so could not rightly critically evaluate the programmatic challenges. Conclusion With the shift in medical education patterns and expectations of residents, it becomes important to justify the need of developing a structured based curriculum, more so for policy and programs, which will make them capable enough by polishing their managerial and financial skill set. The evaluation technique should focus more on practical aspects on field instead of their theory examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Kundapur
- Additional Professor, Department of CMFM, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anusha Rashmi
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kumar Guru Mishra
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Associate Professor, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Meely Panda
- Department of CMFM and 5Microbiology, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shyamala Ravikoti
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, AIIMS, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Yosep I, Mardhiyah A, Hendrawati H, Hendrawati S. Interventions for Reducing Negative Impacts of Workplace Violence Among Health Workers: A Scoping Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1409-1421. [PMID: 37251104 PMCID: PMC10216865 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s412754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Workplace violence on health workers in the workplace causes physical and psychological problems. Negative impacts on victims of workplace violence such as physical problems, anxiety, depression, stress, and risk of death or risk of suicide. This problem needs to be addressed immediately so as not to impact post-traumatic stress disorder and reduce the work performance of health workers. The purpose of this study is to explore interventions to reduce the negative impact of workplace violence on health workers. This study used scoping review design with a descriptive approach to data analysis. The CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases were used in this investigation. This study used PCC's framework (Population, Content, Context). The keywords are workplace violence, healthcare personnel, interventions, and programs were used by the authors. Search strategy used PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The sample are health workers, original research used a randomized control trial or quasi-experiment design, and the publication time had to be within the previous ten years (2014-2023). The JBI assessment was used to assess the quality of the article. We found 11 articles who discuss about interventions to reduce negative effects of workplace violence among health workers. This study shows that there is a decrease in psychological problems in victims of workplace violence such as anxiety, depression, and incidents of workplace violence. The range of sample in this study are 30-440 respondents. The authors discovered three different types of interventions: training programs, cognitive behavior therapy, and workplace violence programs. Interventions must focus on both the physical and psychological needs of the victims of workplace violence, psychiatric nurses and psychologists carried out interventions in a thorough manner. Interventions carried out by psychiatric nurses and psychologists can reduce the negative impact of workplace violence on health workers such as anxiety, depression and other psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyus Yosep
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Ai Mardhiyah
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Hendrawati Hendrawati
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Sri Hendrawati
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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11
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Kumar M, Truss A, Bauman J, Cooper AG. Experiential learning through Program Evaluation: Assessing external barriers to Bridgehaven attendance. J Prev Interv Community 2023; 51:141-154. [PMID: 31339462 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2019.1643579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study was conducted as an experiential project in a graduate Program Evaluation class. We worked together as a team to solve difficulties that occurred when evaluating a program for the first time, including overcoming initial fears and identifying the appropriate focus. The goal of this study was to identify the most common barriers to attendance at Bridgehaven Mental Health Services, a community-based outpatient program tailored to aid in the transition from hospitals to community living. External barriers to attendance were examined by an adapted version of the Structural Barriers to Clinic Attendance Scale (SCBA) and a researcher-created qualitative measure. Between-group t-tests and non-parametric analyses indicated that a far walk from the bus stop and negative perceptions of staff behavior were significant external barriers to Bridgehaven attendance among 42 adult members with severe mental illness. Additionally, themes from the qualitative data revealed that 74.7% of members viewed other obligations and appointments as barriers to their attendance. About half of the members surveyed indicated the positive impact of groups on attendance. Overall findings revealed the importance of considering external barriers, particularly issues related to transportation, scheduling, and social perceptions when identifying solutions to declining attendance rates. Through the process of conducting this study, we learned invaluable skills (e.g., problem-solving, teamwork, collaboration, and flexibility) that will carry with us as we evaluate programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumar
- School of Professional Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Autumn Truss
- School of Professional Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jonathan Bauman
- School of Professional Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Anna Grace Cooper
- School of Professional Psychology, Spalding University, Louisville, KY, United States
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Montanez J, Donley A, Reckdenwald A. Evaluating the Impact of Policy and Programming on Female-Victim Intimate Partner Homicide at the County Level in Florida. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:253-275. [PMID: 35578569 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221083328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Legal and social service interventions aim to mitigate intimate partner violence (IPV) and keep IPV from becoming lethal. Accordingly, this study examines the impact of policies and programs on female-victim intimate partner homicide (FVIPH) rates across the 67 counties of the state of Florida. It focuses on community coordinated response efforts, batterer intervention programs, local domestic violence (DV) ordinances, DV fatality review teams, and DV shelter programs. Results indicate that community coordinated response efforts are associated with decreasing FVIPH rates. Discussions of findings, limitations, and implications are provided accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Montanez
- Department of Sociology, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amy Donley
- Department of Sociology, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amy Reckdenwald
- Department of Sociology, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Sainz V, Martín-Moya B. The importance of prevention programs to reduce bullying: A comparative study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1066358. [PMID: 36710789 PMCID: PMC9878318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bullying is a growing and increasingly worrying phenomenon. In recent years, a number of different bullying prevention programs have been implemented to create a more positive school environment. This paper offers a description of these prevention programs, focussing on the three most commonly implemented in schools: TEI, KiVa and Mediation Teams. A qualitative, descriptive and comparative analysis was made using semi-structured interviews with tutors, coordinators and experts at nine schools, three schools for each of the programs. The results show that these bullying prevention programs help raise awareness of this problem within the entire school community, improving the school environment and reducing conflict and instances of bullying. Overall, participating schools reported being highly satisfied with the results of these programs and it is therefore important to consider the mandatory implementation of bullying prevention programs in all schools.
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14
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Hernández ED, Cobo EA, Cahalin LP, Seron P. Impact of environmental interventions based on social programs on physical activity levels: A systematic review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1095146. [PMID: 37033032 PMCID: PMC10078830 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1095146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The design of social programs at the environmental level such as in schools, parks, bicycle paths, or workspaces generates changes in the behavior of individuals and modifies lifestyles by increasing physical activity (PA) levels. Objective To determine the effectiveness of environmental interventions based on social programs by changing the population's level of PA. Methodology Natural experiment studies that involved environmental intervention programs at a social level were included. The primary outcome was PA levels with consideration of both objective and subjective measurements. An electronic search was carried out in Medline/Pubmed, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CINAHL databases up to January 2022 with two reviewers screening titles and abstracts and selecting studies for full-text reading. Two reviewers also acquired relevant data and evaluated study quality using the ROBINS I tool. A qualitative analysis was performed. Results Three thousand eight hundred and sixty-five articles were found in the 4 consulted databases. After eliminating duplication (200), two reviewers screened 3,665 titles and abstracts and excluded 3,566 that did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 99 articles to be read in full text. The 99 full texts were reviewed of which 24 papers met the eligibility criteria. All were natural experiments published between 2011 and 2020 and all evaluated environmental social programs revealing that social programs at the environmental level promoted PA in various populations at the community level worldwide. Conclusion The 24 reviewed studies suggest innovative proposals for social programs that seek to increase PA and promote healthy lifestyles related to public activity policies developed in the countries in which they were generated. Environmental social programs can positively impact PA levels among children and adults. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=229718, identifier: CRD42021229718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar D. Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Human Movement Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Edgar D. Hernández
| | - Elisa A. Cobo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Lawrence P. Cahalin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Pamela Seron
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Hutzler Y, Barak S, Aubert S, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Tesler R, Sit C, Silva DAS, Asunta P, Pozeriene J, Francisco López-Gil J, Ng K. "WOT" Do We Know and Do About Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities? A SWOT-Oriented Synthesis of Para Report Cards. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023;:1-25. [PMID: 36805931 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to synthesize information gathered from the interpretation and conclusion sections of the Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on the physical activity of children and adolescents with disabilities. The synthesis was based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats framework. The procedure consisted of three stages: (a) the application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as the theoretical framework; (b) identifying and aligning Global Matrix indicators and benchmarks with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health components through a Delphi approach; and (c) using content analysis to identify themes from specific report cards. Outcomes reveal that further attention toward including children and adolescents with disabilities in fitness assessments is needed as well as adapted assessment methods. Program availability, equipment and facilities, and professional training emerged as strengths but need further development to overcome weaknesses. Paralympic inspiration was an opportunity, whereas extreme weather conditions presented potential threats to physical activity participation among children and adolescents with disabilities.
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Skapetis T, Cheema S, El Mustapha M. Evaluation of clinical versus non-clinical continuing education in terms of preferences and value for oral healthcare workers. Med Educ Online 2022; 27:2125630. [PMID: 36124488 PMCID: PMC9518277 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2125630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuing professional development (clinical) and continuing education (non-clinical) is fundamental to education and self-improvement of all categories of staff within a large healthcare facility. AIM This study sought to examine the attendance preferences and perceived value of clinical and non-clinical oral healthcare workers towards clinical continuing professional development (CPD) and non-clinical, continuing education (CE) activities. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional survey design was used capturing 8640 self-reported evaluations collected across 8 successive years and 160 CPD and CE activities in a large dental hospital. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics including mean scores, independent t-test and cross tabulations using chi-square. RESULTS A strongly significant association (p < 0.001) was found between attendee position type (clinical or non-clinical) and attendance preference to either clinical or non-clinical education. Dental assistants, compared to Dentist/Specialist (p < 0.001) found the programs more accurate, relevant, improved their knowledge, would use what was learned and rated the sessions higher overall. Clinical CPD was deemed more relevant (p = 0.025) and improved knowledge (p = 0.01) while non-clinical CE had higher presenter quality (p < 0.001) and overall mean scores (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION There was a preference towards attending clinical CPD over non-clinical CE, by not only clinical, but also non-clinical oral healthcare workers. Non-clinical CE was scored higher by both clinical and non-clinical participants and should therefore be considered for inclusion in CPD education programs with similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Skapetis
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Division of Oral Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simran Cheema
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mariam El Mustapha
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead Campus, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Johnson-Motoyama M, Moon D, Rolock N, Crampton D, Nichols CB, Haran H, Zhang Y, Motoyama Y, Gonzalez E, Sillaman N. Social Determinants of Health and Child Maltreatment Prevention: The Family Success Network Pilot. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15386. [PMID: 36430105 PMCID: PMC9692748 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment is a highly prevalent public health concern that contributes to morbidity and mortality in childhood and short- and long-term health consequences that persist into adulthood. Past research suggests that social determinants of health such as socioeconomic status and intergenerational trauma are highly correlated with child maltreatment. With support from the U.S. Children's Bureau, the Ohio Children's Trust Fund is currently piloting the Family Success Network, a primary child maltreatment prevention strategy in Northeast Ohio that seeks to address these social determinants through pillars of service that include family coaching, financial assistance, financial education, parenting education, and basic life skills training. This study highlights the initial development phase of a pilot study. Plans for in-depth process and outcome evaluations are discussed. The project seeks to improve family functioning and reduce child protective services involvement and foster care entry in an economically disadvantaged region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Moon
- School of Social Work, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nancy Rolock
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - David Crampton
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - C. Bailey Nichols
- School of Social Work, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Hanna Haran
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yiran Zhang
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Motoyama
- City and Regional Planning of the Knowlton School, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric Gonzalez
- The Ohio Children’s Trust Fund, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
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Cheekireddy M, Madampage C, Hammond C, Chelico L, King A. Summary of an environmental scan of HIV and Hepatitis C programs, projects and initiatives in Saskatchewan. Can Commun Dis Rep 2022; 48:424-428. [PMID: 38125393 PMCID: PMC10730104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Background In 2019, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) diagnosis rates in Saskatchewan (SK) were approximately twice the national rate. To address these high levels, Saskatchewan Stories, a community-based digital database, was developed to make information on Saskatchewan-based HIV and HCV programs, projects and initiatives (PPI) centrally and freely available. To begin populating this database, we conducted an environmental scan representing HIV and HCV PPI from January 1, 1980 to May 31, 2020. Methods MedLine, ERIC, ProQuest One Literature, Public Health Information database, SCOPUS and CINAHL were searched for both HIV and HCV articles. In addition, Bibliography of Native North Americans was searched for HIV and EMBSE (Ovid) and Indigenous studies portal (iPortal) were searched for HCV articles. Google Canada, Government of Saskatchewan, and Government of Canada websites were also searched. Results In total, 139 HIV-specific PPI and 29 HCV-specific PPI were found in the environmental scan (n=168). Among HIV PPI, 27% (n=38) were from academic literature while 73% (n=101) were from grey literature. Among HCV PPI, 41% (n=12) were from academic literature, while 59% (n=17) were from grey literature. HIV accounted for 83% of total PPI, compared to 17% for HCV. Conclusion This environmental scan is an important contribution to evidence-based practice and research in SK. It is particularly useful for organizations, researchers, policymakers and people living with HIV/HCV to develop new evidence-based PPI, to secure funding for PPI and to support individuals and communities in SK affected by HIV and HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Cheekireddy
- Pewaseskwan Indigenous Wellness Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Claudia Madampage
- Pewaseskwan Indigenous Wellness Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Chad Hammond
- Pewaseskwan Indigenous Wellness Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Linda Chelico
- Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | - Alexandra King
- Pewaseskwan Indigenous Wellness Research Group, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
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Dehaene S, Al Roumi F, Lakretz Y, Planton S, Sablé-Meyer M. Symbols and mental programs: a hypothesis about human singularity. Trends Cogn Sci 2022; 26:751-766. [PMID: 35933289 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Natural language is often seen as the single factor that explains the cognitive singularity of the human species. Instead, we propose that humans possess multiple internal languages of thought, akin to computer languages, which encode and compress structures in various domains (mathematics, music, shape…). These languages rely on cortical circuits distinct from classical language areas. Each is characterized by: (i) the discretization of a domain using a small set of symbols, and (ii) their recursive composition into mental programs that encode nested repetitions with variations. In various tasks of elementary shape or sequence perception, minimum description length in the proposed languages captures human behavior and brain activity, whereas non-human primate data are captured by simpler nonsymbolic models. Our research argues in favor of discrete symbolic models of human thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Dehaene
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Collège de France, Université Paris-Sciences-Lettres (PSL), 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Fosca Al Roumi
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Yair Lakretz
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Samuel Planton
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Mathias Sablé-Meyer
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France
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20
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Pearson DAS, Steward CD, Ford AK. Client Retention in Community Treatment: Completer and Noncompleter Experiences of an Individualized, Needs-Based Partner Abuse Intervention Program. J Interpers Violence 2022; 37:NP5367-NP5393. [PMID: 32066329 PMCID: PMC8980442 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520907356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There has been increased interest in the subjective experiences of participants of community partner abuse intervention programs (PAIPs). In the context of high attrition rates, qualitative research is needed to understand the factors associated with sustained engagement and dropout. Using a community nonmandated PAIP, the current study is a rare investigation of the experiences of both completers and noncompleters. We explored the differences between completers' and noncompleters' perceptions of the treatment process, the reasons for sustained program engagement, and the perceived outcomes of treatment. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 14 participants: nine completers and five noncompleters. The majority of participants were referred by children's social care and were unemployed at the time of interview. The interviews were conducted by research staff independent from the treatment-providing organization. Three themes emerged from the data: (a) Treatment as Challenging Yet Enlightening, (b) the Importance of a Well-timed and Safe Therapeutic Environment, and (c) Improved Emotional Self-Management Due to Treatment. Results highlighted how structured individualized sessions, underpinned by a strong therapeutic alliance with facilitators, helped participants increase their interpersonal problem-solving and communication skills. The study reinforced the importance of developing a therapeutic alliance and providing structured individualized treatment characterized by flexibility and accessibility. Noncompletion was perceived as related to known risk factors and treatment readiness. Therefore, it may be beneficial to employ screening measures to monitor these factors. Future research should use larger, more diverse samples to further investigate subjective experiences of PAIP completers and, particularly, noncompleters to enhance the limited literature in this area.
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Moungey BM, Mercer CB, Powell JR, Cash RE, Rivard MK, Panchal AR. Paramedic and EMT Program Performance on Certification Examinations Varies by Program Size and Geographic Location. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2021; 26:673-681. [PMID: 34524063 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1980163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The quality of an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) or paramedic training program is likely one factor that contributes to a candidate's success on the National Registry Cognitive Examination. However, program pass rates and their associated geographic location have not previously been evaluated. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of EMT and paramedic programs in the United States, pass rates on the National Registry Cognitive Examinations, and relationship to geography.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of EMT and paramedic programs' first and cumulative third attempt pass rates on the National Registry Cognitive Examination in 2015. Included were civilian EMT and paramedic programs with >5 graduates testing for certification. Descriptive statistics were calculated for program pass rates, total graduates testing, and pass rates by National Association of State EMS Officials (NASEMSO) regions.Results: We included 1,939 EMT programs (6-1,892 graduates testing/program) and 602 paramedic programs (6-689 graduates testing/program). We excluded 262 (11.9%) EMT and 51 (7.8%) paramedic programs with ≤5 graduates testing annually due to unstable estimates of program pass rates. EMT programs in the highest quartile for total number of graduates testing outperformed the lowest quartile in both first attempt (65.7% vs. 61.9%, p < 0.001) and cumulative third attempt pass rates (79.1% vs 72.7%, p < 0.001). This difference was also seen for paramedic programs on first attempt (77.3% vs. 62.5%, p < 0.001) and cumulative third attempt (91.9% vs. 76.9%, p < 0.001). EMT program pass rates for first and cumulative third attempts also varied by NASEMSO region (first: 62-68%; third: 74-78%) with the Great Lakes and West regions outperforming the other regions. Paramedic program pass rates differed by NASEMSO regions as well (first: 65-83%; third: 81-95%) with highest pass rates in the West region.Conclusions Program performance for both EMT and paramedic programs varies by total number of graduates testing and geographic location. Graduates from larger EMT and paramedic programs have higher first and cumulative third attempt pass rates compared to graduates from smaller programs. Additionally, there is variability in program pass rates across NASEMSO regions for both certification levels. Further evaluation is necessary to better understand the variability in program performance in the United States.
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22
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Fekete M, Szarvas Z, Fazekas-Pongor V, Kováts Z, Müller V, Varga JT. Outpatient rehabilitation programs for COVID-19 patients. Orv Hetil 2021; 162:1671-1677. [PMID: 34656999 DOI: 10.1556/650.2021.32332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Összefoglaló. A COVID-19-fertőzésen átesett betegek közül többen elhúzódó panaszokról számolnak be a felépülést követően, sokaknál tartósan fennáll a köhögés, a nehézlégzés, a mellkasi fájdalom, a légszomj attól függetlenül, hogy enyhe vagy súlyosabb tüneteket okozott a koronavírus. A betegek erőtlennek érzik magukat, erős fáradtságérzetre panaszkodnak, míg mások gyomor-bél rendszeri panaszokra, fejfájásra, depresszióra, a szaglás- és ízérzékelés elvesztésére. Számtalan kutatás leírja, hogy a fertőzés még akár hónapokkal később is hatással lehet a tüdő működésére, és korábban egészséges tüdőn is látható a koronavírus-fertőzés a gyógyulás után három hónappal készült kontroll-mellkas-CT-leleten. Éppen ezért szükség van a fertőzés lezajlását követően tüdőgyógyászati kivizsgálásra, ha a betegnek elhúzódó panaszai vannak, vagy ha a betegség tüdőgyulladást okozott. Szükség van a jelenleg működő fekvőbeteg-légzőszervi rehabilitáció mellett a kezelés ambuláns kiterjesztésére is, melynek célja újabb kórházi ápolás nélkül a teljes gyógyulás elérése a betegeknél. A COVID-19-fertőzésen átesett betegeknél a komplex rehabilitáció hatására javul a terhelhetőség, az életminőség, javulnak a légzésfunkciós értékek, csökkennek a panaszok, javul a betegek fizikai és pszichikai állapota. Összefoglaló kutatásunk célja áttekinteni, hogy milyen COVID-19 ambuláns rehabilitációs programok indultak el a koronavírus-fertőzésen átesett betegek esetében nemzetközi és hazai színtereken. Orv Hetil. 22021; 162(42): 1671-1677. Summary. Several patients with COVID-19 infection report prolonged complaints after recovery and many of them suffer from persistent cough, dyspnea, chest pain and shortness of breath regardless of whether the coronavirus caused mild or more severe symptoms. They complain of severe fatigue and weakness while others grizzle about gastrointestinal complaints, headache, depression, loss of sense of smell and taste. Numerous studies describe that the infection can affect lung function even in months and coronavirus infection can be detectable in previously healthy lungs by taking a control chest CT scan three months after recovery. Therefore, chest follow-up is required after the infection if the patient has prolonged complaints or if the disease has caused pneumonia. In addition to the currently operating inpatient respiratory rehabilitation, there is also a need for an outpatient extension of treatment to achieve complete recovery in patients without further hospitalization. For those patients who have had the COVID-19 infection complex rehabilitation can improve their workload, quality of life, improves their respiratory function values, reduces their complaints and also improves their physical and mental condition. The aim of our summary research is to review what COVID-19 outpatient rehabilitation programs have been initiated for patients who went through coronavirus infection on international and domestic scenes. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(42): 1671-1677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Fekete
- 1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Népegészségtani Intézet, Budapest
| | - Zsófia Szarvas
- 1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Népegészségtani Intézet, Budapest
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- 1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Népegészségtani Intézet, Budapest
| | - Zsuzsanna Kováts
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Pulmonológiai Klinika, Budapest, Tömő u. 25-29., 1083
| | - Veronika Müller
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Pulmonológiai Klinika, Budapest, Tömő u. 25-29., 1083
| | - János Tamás Varga
- 2 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Pulmonológiai Klinika, Budapest, Tömő u. 25-29., 1083
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Chappell KB, Howard MS, Lundmark V, Ivory C. Credentialing and certification: Overview, science, and impact on policy, regulation, and practice. Int Nurs Rev 2021; 68:551-556. [PMID: 34591976 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To engage the global nursing community in sharing knowledge, experiences, and lessons learned about credentialing of individual nurses to improve nursing practice, patient safety, and quality of care. BACKGROUND Although the United States has a long and robust history of credentialing individual nurses, the opportunity exists to expand the dialogue globally, and is supported by globally focused governing bodies who call for increased or expanded investment in nursing certification and credentialing. Foundational work to define and operationalize certification for research purposes and develop an administrative home for stakeholders interested in certification can be leveraged by countries and regions globally. Existing frameworks for credentialing research may be used to drive theory-based research in the future. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE PubMed, International Council of Nurses, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, World Health Organization, American Nurses Association, American Nurses Credentialing Center, and the authors' own experiences. DISCUSSION Credentialing as a form of self-governance, as a method for public protection, and as a foundational element in the increasingly new forms of healthcare delivery is intensifying in importance. Credentials provide an opportunity to evaluate relationships between key elements such as nursing practice, environments where nursing care is delivered, and nursing programs with outcomes of interest for the profession such as safety, quality of care, and patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Establishing rigorous credentials for nurses demonstrates a commitment to excellence. Credentialing frameworks that are universally applied could enable nurses to move seamlessly across geographic boundaries, permit regulators and employers of nurses to have a common set of standards and expectations, and ensure a level of competency for nursing practice that can be interpreted and trusted by various stakeholders. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY Policymakers have a pivotal role in advancing credentialing in nursing worldwide. Countries developing credentialing programs in nursing need to study their results to help inform how practice might be required to change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy B Chappell
- Accreditation, Certification, Measurement, Institute for Credentialing Research and Quality Management, and APRN Initiatives, American Nurses Credentialing Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew S Howard
- Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Vicki Lundmark
- Institute for Credentialing Research and Quality Management, American Nurses Credentialing Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Cathy Ivory
- Executive Nursing Administration, Office of Evidence Based Practice and Nursing Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Samy AL, Hairi NN, Low WY. Psychosocial stress, sleep deprivation, and its impact on type II diabetes mellitus: Policies, guidelines, and initiatives from Malaysia. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:593-600. [PMID: 34377955 PMCID: PMC8332468 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health issue, affecting the global population, particularly those living in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Worldwide, the prevalence of T2DM ranges between 10.4% and 13.5%, depending on the domiciliary. T2DM negatively affects individuals' quality of life and causes high economic burden due to the increasing cost of treatment and management of the disease. Risk factors associated with T2DMs include aging, lifestyle or behavior, genetics, and important biopsychological aspects, which are psychological stress and sleep deprivation. By understanding the associations of psychological stress and sleep deprivation, which contribute to pathophysiology of T2DM, policies, programs, and guidelines were developed in Malaysia to combat the issue among population at large. This narrative review examines 19 national public health policies, programs, and guidelines from the past 20 years in Malaysia that aimed to mitigate the negative health effects of psychological stress, sleep deprivation, and T2DM, both from the government and non‐governmental organizations. Both psychological stress and sleep deprivation works independently or as combined effects in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Besides, in Malaysia, the government, in collaboration with non‐governmental organizations, have been developing and implementing policies, programs, and guidelines to combat mental health and T2DM issues, targeted to population at large. Integration of digital technology, such as usage of social media for health promotion and dissemination of public health messages to the community and good governance from government were deemed important in the effective implementation of health policies and guidelines, resulting in better health outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lourdes Samy
- Asia-Europe Institute University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.,Centre for ASEAN Regionalism University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.,Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Noran Naqiah Hairi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wah-Yun Low
- Asia-Europe Institute University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.,Centre for ASEAN Regionalism University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.,Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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Burns KE, Vermeer J, Battista K, Leatherdale ST. A School-Level Examination of the Association between Programs and Policies and Physical Activity Outcomes among Females from the COMPASS Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:3314. [PMID: 33806885 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) The majority of Canadian youth are not meeting physical activity guidelines, and more female than male youth are falling short of these recommendations. School programs and policies are a viable strategy to improve youth physical activity. However, they may differentially affect female and male activity. This study aimed to examine school-level differences in physical activity outcomes among male and female students and to explore how school programs and policies associate with school-level physical activity outcomes among females. (2) This study used data from 136 schools participating in year 7 (Y7 2018–2019) of the COMPASS study. Data on school programs and policies and on student physical activity were collected. School-level means and percentages for outcomes were calculated and compared between males and females and the impact of physical activity programs and policies on female physical activity outcomes were examined. (3) More males met the guidelines, achieved more strength training days and physical activity minutes compared to females. The number of female varsity sports, community partnerships and fitness ambassadors were all positively and significantly associated with female physical activity. (4) Supportive physical activity environments fostered by offering varsity sports, establishing community partnerships and positive role models may promote physical activity among female youth.
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Adams M, Sionean C, Broz D, Lewis R, Wejnert C. Serious Mental Illness Among Young People Who Inject Drugs: An Assessment of Injection Risks and Healthcare Use. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:S401-S409. [PMID: 32877554 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on behavioral correlates of mental illness among young people who inject drugs (PWID) are limited. We examine injection risks and healthcare use among young PWID with probable serious mental illness (PSMI). METHODS People who inject drugs were recruited and interviewed in 20 US cities for 2015 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance. Probable serious mental illness was assessed using the Kessler-6 screening scale. Bivariate analyses using log-linked Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations adjusted for design covariates were conducted to examine associations between PSMI and behaviors among PWID ages 18-29 years. RESULTS Of 1769 young PWID, 45% had PSMI. Compared to those without PSMI, PWID with PSMI were more likely to report injecting more than once a day, receptive syringe sharing, sharing of other injection equipment, and unmet needs for medical care and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Those with PSMI were less likely to use syringe services programs than those without PSMI. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of young PWID had PSMI. People who inject drugs with PSMI engaged in high-risk injection behaviors and encountered barriers to healthcare. Human immunodeficiency virus prevention programs such as Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) could benefit from screening for mental illness among young PWID and strong linkage to healthcare, including mental health and SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Adams
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Catlainn Sionean
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dita Broz
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashunda Lewis
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cyprian Wejnert
- National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Clini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and University Hospital of Modena Policlinico, Modena, Italy,*Correspondence: Enrico Clini
| | - Stefania Costi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplants Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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28
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Weeks LE, Stilwell C, Gagnon D, Dupuis-Blanchard S, MacQuarrie C, Jackson LA. Initiatives to Support Older Women Who Experience Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2021; 27:3011-3029. [PMID: 33543678 PMCID: PMC8521344 DOI: 10.1177/1077801220988355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To contribute to our knowledge about initiatives to support older women who experience intimate partner violence (IPV), we conducted an internet search, online surveys, and telephone interviews with administrators of programs for women who have experienced IPV. We compiled information on initiatives providing individual in-person and telephone support, educational and/or therapeutic groups, and short- and long-term shelters and housing. The interviews provided insights about the history and rationale for these initiatives, strengths, positive outcomes, challenges, and future program development. Our study results can inform the creation of appropriate services to meet the needs of older women who experience IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori E Weeks
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Danie Gagnon
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
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Abstract
This chapter presents a narrative synthesis of the evidence relating to the effectiveness of 13 different approaches (interventions) that have been incorporated into national suicide prevention programs. These approaches are presented in an analytic framework that distinguishes between national and community-based multilevel programs, prevention, and treatment/maintenance. The primary source of evidence are six reviews of reviews published since 2005, supplemented by a small number of systematic reviews and primary studies. We report strongly supportive evidence concerning the effectiveness of structural interventions (restrictions on access to bridges, tall buildings, and railways) and restriction on access to pharmacological agents. Weakly supportive evidence of effectiveness is available for community-based multilevel programs; restrictions on access to firearms and ligature points in institutional settings; settings-based programs (in schools, communities, workplaces, prisons, and the armed forces); education and training targeted at primary care physicians; lithium; cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy; and brief contact. There is insufficient or conflicting evidence concerning the effectiveness of the remaining approaches. We conclude that the evidence base for effective suicide prevention is far from convincing. Major improvement in the extent and quality of collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and practitioners and a considerable increase in funding for evaluation studies in suicide prevention are required if the current knowledge gap about effective interventions is to be bridged.
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Ramos RL, Lodato Z, Elnashar A, Sweiss R, Kanchana V, Nicholas A. Primary Literature In Clinical Neuroscience for In-Person Or Remote Instruction. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2020; 19:R7-R10. [PMID: 33880105 PMCID: PMC8040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure and function relationships in the nervous system are a major component of neuroscience education. Readings and/or discussion of lesion studies in animal models are often used to demonstrate how brain injury/damage affects specific behaviors or cognitive processes. In contrast, primary literature in clinical neuroscience is less often used to teach brain structure and function relationships and this literature often describes remarkable stories of preserved brain function despite major brain injury/lesion. Here we describe a series of published articles in clinical neuroscience that we used in an undergraduate neuroscience course that challenge the simplistic views of brain localization of function and demonstrate the dynamic and plastic properties of the brain. Discussion of these primary articles can take place in-person or remote via video conferencing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raddy L. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Adel Elnashar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Rachon Sweiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vichayada Kanchana
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Andrea Nicholas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
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Abstract
Mental health first aid programs are interventions to empower the community to help people with mental health problems/crises. A review of these programs was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Published and unpublished works from 2009 to 2019 were considered. The review included 252 studies. Several Mental Health First Aid programs were identified, with varying characteristics, participants, and contexts of implementation. These group interventions were carried out among lay people to health professionals, and in adolescents to the elderly. Additionally, they were conducted in-person and/or virtually, using psychoeducational methods and informational materials. The programs ranged from 30 minutes to 24 hours. These interventions can address nursing foci, and the characteristics of the facilitators are similar to those of mental health nurses. Therefore, this review highlighted the opportunity for nurses to explore Mental Health First Aid programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Filipe Oliveira Costa
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia Espinho EPE, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Nursing School of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Miguel Correia Sampaio
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vitor Sérgio de Oliveira Parola
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Portugal Centre for Evidence-Based Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing
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Marcoux Rouleau A. Rethinking Incarcerated Women's Leisure as Subjected to Coercive and Normative Prison Missions. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:588775. [PMID: 33345159 PMCID: PMC7739690 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.588775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leisure is commonly understood as contributing to well-being; this is especially appealing when considering multiply marginalized populations such as incarcerated women. However, leisure is not impervious to cooptation by less benevolent social processes. In this conceptual analysis, I argue that incarcerated women's leisure must be rethought as a component of its environment and by extension, as subjected to coercive and normative prison missions. After broadly delineating incarcerated women's leisure, I determine that some characteristics of leisure can be compatible with these prison missions. I then examine individual, organizational, and social benefits and issues with leisure in women's prisons. I link these practices to reduced coerciveness and increased normativity. I conclude by suggesting that ensuring incarcerated people's well-being through leisure is not in itself an end, but a means to achieve prison's coercive and normative ends. I discuss implications for scholars, practitioners, and advocates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Benson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Wesley N Osburn
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Marc Bauer
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Glenn C Duff
- $Clayton Livestock Research Center, New Mexico State University, Clayton, NM
| | - Nancy A Irlbeck
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Mike L Looper
- ¶Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
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Cormick G, Betrán AP, Metz F, Palacios C, Beltrán-Velazquez F, García-Casal MDLN, Peña-Rosas JP, Hofmeyr GJ, Belizán JM. Regulatory and Policy-Related Aspects of Calcium Fortification of Foods. Implications for Implementing National Strategies of Calcium Fortification. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041022. [PMID: 32276435 PMCID: PMC7230677 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Daily calcium intake is well below current recommendations in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Calcium intake is usually related to bone health, however an adequate calcium intake has also been shown to reduce hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, lower blood pressure and cholesterol values, and to prevent recurrent colorectal adenomas. Fortification of foods has been identified as a cost-effective strategy to overcome micronutrient gaps in public health. This review summarizes regulatory aspects of fortification of commonly consumed foods with micronutrients, with an emphasis on calcium. We selected a convenient sample of 15 countries from different WHO regions and described the regulatory framework related to calcium fortification of staple foods. We assessed the relevant policies in electronic databases including the WHO Global database on the Implementation of Nutrition Action (GINA) for fortification policies and the Global Fortification Data Exchange Database, a fortification database developed and maintained by Food Fortification Initiative (FFI), Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Iodine Global Network (IGN), and Micronutrient Forum. Food fortification with micronutrients is widely used in many of the selected countries. Most countries had national legislation for the addition of micronutrients to staple foods, especially wheat flour. These national legislations, that includes regulations and standards, can provide the framework to consider the implementation of adding calcium to the fortification strategies, including the selection of the adequate food vehicle to reach the targeted population at risk safely. The strategy to include calcium in the fortification mix in fortified staple foods seems promising in these countries. However, potential undesired changes on the organoleptic characteristics of fortified foods and products thereof, and operational feasibility at the manufacturing site should be evaluated by the stakeholders during the planning stage. Codex Alimentarius standards should be considered by regulators in order to assure adherence to international standards. While the selected countries already have established national regulations and/or standards for fortification of key staple food vehicles, and there are experiences in the implementation of fortification of some staple foods, national food intake surveys can help plan, design, and modify existing fortification programs as well as monitor food and nutrient consumption to assess risk and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cormick
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1414, Argentina;
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza (UNLAM), San Justo 1903, Argentina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +54-114-7778-767
| | - Ana Pilar Betrán
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland;
| | - Fletcher Metz
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA;
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Stempel School of Public Health, Florida International University; Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Filiberto Beltrán-Velazquez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; (F.B.-V.); (M.d.l.N.G.-C.); (J.P.P.-R.)
| | - María de las Nieves García-Casal
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; (F.B.-V.); (M.d.l.N.G.-C.); (J.P.P.-R.)
| | - Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; (F.B.-V.); (M.d.l.N.G.-C.); (J.P.P.-R.)
| | - G. Justus Hofmeyr
- Effective Care Research Unit, Eastern Cape Department of Health, Universities of the Witwatersrand and Fort Hare, East London 5200, South Africa;
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, University of Botswana, Private Bag UB 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - José M. Belizán
- Department of Mother and Child Health Research, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires 1414, Argentina;
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Nilsson D, Fielding K, Dean AJ. Achieving conservation impact by shifting focus from human attitudes to behaviors. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:93-102. [PMID: 31152562 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Attitudes have been a commonly used psychological measure of program effectiveness in conservation social science research. The major limitation of this approach is that attitudes do not always translate into behavior and therefore may not provide an accurate assessment of program success. Given that achieving conservation goals generally relies on understanding and changing human behavior, we argue for the need to assess behavior rather than attitudes as an indicator of conservation outcomes. Psychological theory shows that attitudes and behavior are distinct, but related, concepts. Measuring conservation behaviors involves identifying the target behavior or behaviors and the optimal time to measure and then selecting the most appropriate method of measurement (i.e., direct observation, objective indicators, self-reported behavior, and behavioral intentions) that considers the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. We call for conservation programs to focus on influencing behavior rather than attitudes alone and encourage conservation practitioners and researchers to collect high-quality behavioral data to more effectively inform policy and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nilsson
- Danielle Nilsson, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Kelly Fielding
- School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Angela J Dean
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Sir Fred Schonell Drive, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Ahmad NJ, Althemery AU, Haseeb A, Yusuf RF, Hassali AA, Khan AH. Inclining Trend of the Researchers Interest in Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Systematic Review. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:11-15. [PMID: 32801595 PMCID: PMC7397995 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_186_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) can improve the treatment of infections and can decrease the adverse events that result from antibiotics use. In the last decades, there is an increasing interest of the researchers in the implementation of ASPs. Materials and Methods: The articles published in different journals were retrieved by searching many research databases such as Cochrane library, Europe PMC, PubMed, and Web of Science; we searched these databases for all published articles till November 2018. Results and Discussion: The searching results using Cochrane library showed an increase in the number of randomized clinical trials that related to the keyword of “antimicrobial stewardship” specially in the last 5 years. Using Europe PMC, we found 6178 results. From these results, there are 3874 free full texts. In addition, there are 2132 original articles in PubMed and by searching Web of Science database till November 8 there are 3085 results. These results show that the number of trusted published articles was increased continuously; this shows the increasing interest of the researchers in ASPs. These researches will help health-care providers to use antibiotics appropriately and to overcome the barriers of implementing ASPs. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the researchers had high levels of interest in participating in research activities related to the appropriate use on antibiotics and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad J Ahmad
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah U Althemery
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm AlQura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham F Yusuf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Azmi Ahmed Hassali
- Discipline of Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amer H Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
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Cassimos DC, Effraimidou E, Medic S, Konstantinidis T, Theodoridou M, Maltezou HC. Vaccination Programs for Adults in Europe, 2019. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E34. [PMID: 31968652 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While all European countries implement vaccination programs for children, there are gaps in terms of vaccination programs for adults. Methods: We studied the 2019 vaccination policies for adults in 42 European countries. Results: Vaccination programs for adults were in place in all countries. However, there were considerable differences between countries in terms of number of vaccinations, target populations and frame of implementation (recommended or mandatory vaccinations). In particular the following vaccination policies were in place: influenza (42 countries), tetanus (31), diphtheria (30), pneumococcus (29), hepatitis B (20), pertussis (18), measles (14), human papilloma virus (14), meningococcus tetravalent A,C,W,Y (14), rubella (13), hepatitis A (11), mumps (11), poliomyelitis (10), herpes zoster (9), varicella (8), tick-born encephalitis (8), meningococcus B (6), rabies (6), Haemophilus influenzae type b (5), tuberculosis (3), typhoid fever (3), meningococcus C (2), and yellow fever (1). Seventeen countries implement mandatory vaccinations, mainly against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B. Conclusions: There are significant differences in vaccination programs for adults in Europe. Routine vaccination programs for adults need to be strengthened. A consensus-based vaccination program is needed.
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Zuckerman AD, Carver A, Cooper K, Markley B, Mitchell A, Reynolds VW, Saknini M, Wyatt H, Kelley T. An Integrated Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Model for Coordinating Transitions of Care: Specialty Medication Challenges and Specialty Pharmacist Opportunities. Pharmacy (Basel) 2019; 7:E163. [PMID: 31816884 PMCID: PMC6958321 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy7040163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence and persistence to specialty medications are necessary to achieve successful outcomes of costly therapies. The increasing use of specialty medications has exposed several unique barriers to certain specialty treatments' continuation. Integrated specialty pharmacy teams facilitate transitions in sites of care, between different provider types, among prescribed specialty medications, and during financial coverage changes. We review obstacles encountered within these types of transitions and the role of the specialty pharmacist in overcoming these obstacles. Case examples for each type of specialty transition provide insight into the unique complexities faced by patients, and shed light on pharmacists' vital role in patient care. This insightful and real-world experience is needed to facilitate best practices in specialty care, particularly in the growing number of health-system specialty pharmacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn D. Zuckerman
- Specialty Pharmacy Services, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (A.C.); (K.C.); (B.M.); (A.M.); (V.W.R.); (M.S.); (H.W.); (T.K.)
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Chu JTW, Wadham A, Jiang Y, Whittaker R, Stasiak K, Shepherd M, Bullen C. Development of MyTeen Text Messaging Program to Support Parents of Adolescents: Qualitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e15664. [PMID: 31746767 PMCID: PMC6893562 DOI: 10.2196/15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents play an important role in the lives of adolescents, and supporting and addressing the needs of families continue to be the focus of many researchers and policy makers. Mobile health interventions have great potential for supporting parents at a population level because of their broad reach and convenience. However, limited evidence exists for such interventions for parents of adolescents. This study reports on the formative work conducted with parents and/or primary caregivers to identify their needs and preferences for the development of MyTeen—an SMS text messaging program on promoting parental competence and mental health literacy for parents of adolescents (aged 10-15 years). Objective The aim of this qualitative study was to explore parents and/or primary caregivers’ perspectives around youth well-being, parenting, and parenting support and their input on the development of MyTeen SMS text messaging parenting intervention. Methods A total of 5 focus groups (n=45) were conducted with parents or primary caregivers of adolescents aged 10 to 15 years between October and December 2017 in New Zealand. A semistructured interview guideline and prompts were used. Data were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results Participants were concerned about youth mental health (ie, stigma and increasing demand on adolescents), and a number of parenting challenges (ie, social expectations, time, impact of technology, changes in family communication pattern, and recognizing and talking about mental health issues) were noted. Importantly, participants reported the lack of services and support available for families, and many were not aware of services for parents themselves. A number of recommendations were given on the style, content, and frequency of developing the text messaging program. Conclusions Findings from this qualitative work informed the development of MyTeen, an SMS text messaging program designed to increase parental competence and improve mental health literacy for parents of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Ting Wai Chu
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angela Wadham
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yannan Jiang
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robyn Whittaker
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Christopher Bullen
- National Institute for Health Innovation, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lombardi J. What policymakers need from implementation evaluations of early childhood development programs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1419:17-19. [PMID: 29791742 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As early childhood interventions move from small- to large-scale programs, the partnerships among researchers, policymakers, communication experts, practitioners, and local communities become increasingly critical for successful implementation. The results from evaluations of programs need to guide policymakers so that they can make informed administrative and fiscal decisions. This commentary makes five recommendations for researchers to consider when designing early childhood programs for scale.
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Erstad BL, Aramaki T, Weibel K. Integration of an Academic Medical Center and a Large Health System: Implications for Pharmacy. Hosp Pharm 2019; 54:170-174. [PMID: 31205327 DOI: 10.1177/0018578718823735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide lessons learned for colleges of pharmacy and large health systems that are contemplating or in the process of undergoing integration. Method: This report describes the merger of an academic medical center and large health system with a focus on the implications of the merger for pharmacy from the perspectives of both a college of pharmacy and a health system's pharmacy services. Results: Overarching pharmacy issues to consider include having an administrator from the college of pharmacy directly involved in the merger negotiation discussions, having at least one high-level administrator from the college of pharmacy and one high-level pharmacy administrator from the health system involved in ongoing discussions about implications of the merger and changes that are likely to affect teaching, research, and clinical service activities, having focused discussions between college and health system pharmacy administrators on the implications of the merger on experiential and research-related activities, and anticipating concerns by clinical faculty members affected by the merger. Conclusion: The integration of a college of pharmacy and a large health system during the acquisition of an academic medical center can be challenging for both organizations, but appropriate pre- and post-merger discussions between college and health system pharmacy administrators that include a strategic planning component can assuage concerns and problems that are likely to arise, increasing the likelihood of a mutually beneficial collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina Aramaki
- Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kurt Weibel
- Banner-University Medical Center Tucson, AZ, USA
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Bartlett TS, Trotter CJ. Did We Forget Something? Fathering Supports and Programs in Prisons in Victoria, Australia. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63:1465-1481. [PMID: 30724675 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19828575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article draws from data gathered for an Australian Research Council-funded study conducted in Victoria and New South Wales between 2011 and 2015, which examined how dependent children are responded to when their primary carer is imprisoned. In particular, this article specifically addresses a gap in knowledge by examining the current state of fathering programs in prison in Victoria. To do so, the views of 39 primary carer fathers incarcerated in Victoria are analysed. We argue that there is a distinct lack of support for fathers in prison, acting as a barrier towards maintaining father-child relationships. Findings indicate that 79% of the fathers in this study were never offered any parenting support services or programs. By clearly highlighting the state of fathering programs in prisons in Victoria, this article offers suggestions as to how best to facilitate the connection between incarcerated fathers and their children.
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Holdsworth E, Bowen E, Brown S, Howat D. Using Theory to Understand the Barriers to Engagement in Group Offending Behavior Programs. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63:993-1017. [PMID: 30419761 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18812040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncompletion of group offending behavior programs is a common problem, indicating barriers to engagement. While existing theoretical models have accounted for determinants of motivation, little focus has been directed towards barriers to engagement. The authors developed the program engagement theory (PET) which not only accounts for the determinants of engagement and the engagement process, it also considers the barriers to engagement. Interviews and session observations were used to collect data from 23 program facilitators and 28 offenders, which were analyzed using grounded theory. The barriers to engagement were classified as program and referral factors (uninformative referrals, offense-focused programs, rigid and abstract content, didactic delivery, and homework), facilitator characteristics (lack of control: contentious and nonassertive), and group member characteristics (unmotivated, pre-contemplative, and blaming others and young, chaotic, and disruptive). Suggestions as to the design and facilitation of group offending behavior programs, and facilitator training and supervision to overcome barriers to engagement are proposed.
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Karim HMR, Burns KEA, Ciobanu LD, El-Khatib M, Nicolini A, Vargas N, Hernández-Gilsoul T, Skoczyński S, Falcone VA, Arnal JM, Bach J, De Santo LS, Lucchini A, Steier J, Purro A, Petroianni A, Sassoon CS, Bambi S, Aguiar M, Soubani AO, Taniguchi C, Mollica C, Berlin DA, Piervincenzi E, Rao F, Luigi FS, Ferrari R, Garuti G, Laier-Groeneveld G, Fiorentino G, Ho KM, Alqahtani JS, Luján M, Moerer O, Resta O, Pierucci P, Papadakos P, Steiner S, Stieglitz S, Dikmen Y, Duan J, Bhakta P, Iglesias AU, Corcione N, Caldeira V, Karakurt Z, Valli G, Kondili E, Ruggieri MP, Raposo MS, Bottino F, Soler-González R, Gurjar M, Sandoval-Gutierrez JL, Jafari B, Arroyo-Cozar M, Noval AR, Corcione N, Barjaktarevic I, Sarc I, Mina B, Szkulmowski Z, Taniguchi C, Esquinas AM. Noninvasive ventilation: education and training. A narrative analysis and an international consensus document. Adv Respir Med 2019; 87:36-45. [PMID: 30830962 DOI: 10.5603/arm.a2019.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an increasingly used method of respiratory support. The use of NIV is expanding over the time and if properly applied, it can save patients' lives and improve long-term prognosis. However, both knowledge and skills of its proper use as life support are paramount. This systematic review aimed to assess the importance of NIV education and training. Literature search was conducted (MEDLINE: 1990 to June, 2018) to identify randomized controlled studies and systematic reviews with the results analyzed by a team of experts across the world through e-mail based communications. Clinical trials examining the impact of education and training in NIV as the primary objective was not found. A few studies with indirect evidence, a simulation-based training study, and narrative reviews were identified. Currently organized training in NIV is implemented only in a few developed countries. Due to a lack of high-grade experimental evidence, an international consensus on NIV education and training based on opinions from 64 experts across the twenty-one different countries of the world was formulated. Education and training have the potential to increase knowledge and skills of the clinical staff who deliver medical care using NIV. There is a genuine need to develop structured, organized NIV education and training programs, especially for the developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Mohammad Reazaul Karim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care. All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Great Eastern Road, Tatibandh, Raipur (CG)., 492099 Raipur, India
| | - Karen E A Burns
- Associate Professor, Clinician Scientist. Critical Care Medicine, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Insitute, St. Michael's Hospital,, 30 Bond Street, 4-045 Donnelly Wing. Toronto,, M5B 1W8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura D Ciobanu
- Assoc Professor, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania, Romania
| | - Mohamad El-Khatib
- Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center. School of Medicine,, Beirut-Lebanon, Lebanon
| | | | - Nicola Vargas
- Geriatric and Intensive Geriatric Cares,, Avelllino, Italy
| | - Thierry Hernández-Gilsoul
- Head of Emergency Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Critical Care, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas., Mexico
| | - Szymon Skoczyński
- Department of Pneumonology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia,, Katowice, Poland
| | - Vito Antonio Falcone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs - Section of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari Aldo Moro,, Bari, Italy
| | | | - John Bach
- Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, New Jersey, United States
| | - Luca Salvatore De Santo
- Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli and Cardiac Surgery Unit,, AORN dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Lucchini
- General intensive care unit - San Gerardo Hospital, Milano-Bicocca University,, Milan, Italy
| | - Joerg Steier
- Professor of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine,, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Purro
- Head of Intensive Care Unit, Humanitas Gradenigo Hospital., Turin, Italy
| | - Angelo Petroianni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome,, Rome, Italy
| | - Catherine S Sassoon
- Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of California, Irvine, CA,; VA Long Beach Healthcare System,, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Stefano Bambi
- Medical & Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Careggi University Hospital,, Florence, Italy
| | - Margarida Aguiar
- Pulmonologist, Pulmonary service, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo,, Loures, Portugal
| | - Ayman O Soubani
- Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine. Wayne State University School of Medicine, 3990 John R-3 Hudson, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Corinne Taniguchi
- Physiotherapist Specialized in Intenvise Care and Pneumology- FMUSP/HCSão,, Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | - David A Berlin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Fabrizio Rao
- Respiratory Unit, Neuromuscular OmniCentre (NeMO), Neurorehabilitation, University of Milan, Niguarda Hospital,, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Rodolfo Ferrari
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Sant'Orsola, Malpighi,, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Garuti
- Respiratory Unit, Santa Maria Bianca Hospital, Mirandola (MO),, ASL Modena, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Kwok M Ho
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital; School of Population & Global Health, University of Western Australia; and School of Veterinary & Life Sciences, Murdoch University., Perth, Australia
| | - Jaber Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences,, Dhahran, P.O. Box 33048, Dammam 31448, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manuel Luján
- Pneumology Service. Hospital of Sabadell, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona., Sabadell, Spain
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Dept. of Anaesthesiology, Georg-August-University, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Onofrio Resta
- Cardiothoracic department, Respiratory and Sleep medicine Unit, Policlinic, Bari "Aldo Moro" University,, Italy
| | - Paola Pierucci
- Cardiothoracic department, Respiratory and Sleep medicine Unit, Policlinic, Bari "Aldo Moro" University,, Italy
| | - Peter Papadakos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgery. Director CCM. University of Rochester,, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Stephan Steiner
- Departement of Cardiology, Pneumology and Intensive care, St Vincenz Hospital Limburg,, Limburg, Germany
| | - Sven Stieglitz
- Petrus Hospital Wuppertal, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duesseldorf, Carnaper Str. 48, Clinic for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Intensive Care,, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Yalim Dikmen
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Department of Intensive Care,, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jun Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,, Youyi Road 1, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pradipta Bhakta
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Limerick,, Dooradoyle, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Ubeda Iglesias
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Punta de Europa, Algeciras Ctra, Getares,, s/n, 11207 Algeciras, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nadia Corcione
- Departement of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency. Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico., Milano, Italy
| | - Vânia Caldeira
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Santa Marta,, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zuhal Karakurt
- Assoc Prof, Pulmonary and Critical Care Department, Pulmonology and Intensivist, Dean in Hospital, University of Health Sciences,, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gabriele Valli
- Department of Emergency Medicine, San Giovanni Addolorata,, Rome, Italy
| | - Eumorfia Kondili
- Associate Professor of Intensive Care Medicine, Medical School , University of Crete Greece, ICU University Hospital of Heraklion,, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Pia Ruggieri
- Direttore UOC PS-Breve Osservazione DEAI II livello AO San Giovanni Addolorata, Roma, Italy
| | - Margarida Simões Raposo
- Pulmonologist. Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental Egas, Moniz Hospital,, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mohan Gurjar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine. Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS),, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow (UP), 226014 Lucknow, India
| | | | - Behrouz Jafari
- Director, VALBHCS Sleep Program, Asst Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. University of California, Irvine. VA Long Beach Healthcare System 5901 East 7th Street (11/111P), Long Beach, CA, United States
| | | | - Ana Roca Noval
- Servicio de neumologia, Hospital Universitario La Princesa,, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Corcione
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Irena Sarc
- Noninvasive ventilation department, University clinic for pulmonary and allergic diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Bushra Mina
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY USA
| | - Zbigniew Szkulmowski
- Departament of Anesthesia and ICU. University Hospital No 1 in Bydgoszcz. Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz. University Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń. Bydgoszcz. Poland
| | | | - Antonio M Esquinas
- Intensive Care Unit. Hospital Morales Meseguer Murcia, Murcia, 30008, Spain.
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Tumilowicz A, Ruel MT, Pelto G, Pelletier D, Monterrosa EC, Lapping K, Kraemer K, De Regil LM, Bergeron G, Arabi M, Neufeld L, Sturke R. Implementation Science in Nutrition: Concepts and Frameworks for an Emerging Field of Science and Practice. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy080. [PMID: 30864563 PMCID: PMC6400593 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition in all its forms has risen on global and national agendas in recent years because of the recognition of its magnitude and its consequences for a wide range of human, social, and economic outcomes. Although the WHO, national governments, and other organizations have endorsed targets and identified appropriate policies, programs, and interventions, a major challenge lies in implementing these with the scale and quality needed to achieve population impact. This paper presents an approach to implementation science in nutrition (ISN) that builds upon concepts developed in other policy domains and addresses critical gaps in linking knowledge to effective action. ISN is defined here as an interdisciplinary body of theory, knowledge, frameworks, tools, and approaches whose purpose is to strengthen implementation quality and impact. It includes a wide range of methods and approaches to identify and address implementation bottlenecks; means to identify, evaluate, and scale up implementation innovations; and strategies to enhance the utilization of existing knowledge, tools, and frameworks based on the evolving science of implementation. The ISN framework recognizes that quality implementation requires alignment across 5 domains: the intervention, policy, or innovation being implemented; the implementing organization(s); the enabling environment of policies and stakeholders; the individuals, households, and communities of interest; and the strategies and decision processes used at various stages of the implementation process. The success of aligning these domains through implementation research requires a culture of inquiry, evaluation, learning, and response among program implementers; an action-oriented mission among the research partners; continuity of funding for implementation research; and resolving inherent tensions between program implementation and research. The Society for Implementation Science in Nutrition is a recently established membership society to advance the science and practice of nutrition implementation at various scales and in varied contexts.
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Abstract
The study aimed to design and evaluate a program for the prevention of childhood depression ("Pozik-Bizi" [in English, "Live-Happily"]), comparing its effects with a socio-emotional intervention program based on cooperative play. The sample comprised 420 students aged 7 to 10 years from the Basque Country, 51.9% were randomly assigned to the experimental condition ("Pozik-Bizi") program and 48.1% to the control group ("Play program"). Using a pretest-posttest repeated measures experimental design, 7 evaluation instruments were administered. When comparing the two interventions, it was confirmed that those who participated in the "Pozik-Bizi" program significantly decreased their level of clinical maladjustment, school maladjustment, emotional, and behavioral problems, and they increased positive behaviors that inhibit depression. However, the cooperative play program improved self-concept and social skills significantly more than the "Pozik-Bizi" program. The effect size in all the variables was small. The discussion analyzes the effectiveness of specific programs of prevention of childhood depression versus global programs of social-emotional development. This work provides a program to prevent childhood depression that has been shown to be effective in the reduction of clinical variables. In addition, this study confirms the positive potential of programs of cooperative play, to increase self-concept and social skills.
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Doshi S, Waller J, Clemmons A. Prolonged Versus Short Infusion Rates of IV Magnesium in Hospitalized General Medicine Patients with Hypomagnesemia. Hosp Pharm 2018; 55:64-68. [PMID: 31983769 DOI: 10.1177/0018578718817941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the renal handling mechanism of magnesium, prolonging the time for infusion of intravenous (IV) magnesium has been postulated to decrease magnesium requirements; however, a paucity of clinical evidence exists to support prolonging infusion rates. Objective: To assess if there is a difference in magnesium replacement required in the medicine population at an academic medical center when prolonged infusion rates (0.5 g/h) are compared to short infusion rates of > 0.5 g/h. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed before and after implementation of the hypomagnesemia protocol (November 2015). Patients who received at least one dose of IV magnesium during hospitalization were selected from general medicine units. Primary aim was to determine if a difference exists in percent of days IV magnesium repletion required between patients receiving prolonged versus short infusion rates. Secondary objectives were to determine if a difference exists in total grams of magnesium received, percent of days magnesium levels were maintained in the optimal (1.4-2.7) and desired (2-2.7) therapeutic ranges, and incidence of hypomagnesemia (< 1.4 g/dL) and hypermagnesemia (> 2.7 g/dL). For safety, incidence of hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90/60 mm Hg) during the magnesium infusion was recorded. Results: Totally, 45 patients were included in each cohort for a total of 90 patients to meet power. No differences existed between protocol groups for any demographic variables (all P > .05). Median infusion rate for the short infusion cohort was 1.8 g/h (range 1-2 g/h). Percent of days IV magnesium was replaced was 34.8% versus 37.8% (P = .39) in the short and prolonged infusion groups, respectively. No difference existed between groups for secondary outcomes (all P > .05). Conclusion: Prolonged magnesium infusion rates did not decrease magnesium replacement requirements. These results have been used to propose revision of our current magnesium infusion protocol to reduce infusion length.
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Valente KG, Merryman M, Blumenfeld WJ. 25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs. J Homosex 2018; 67:285-293. [PMID: 30335582 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2018.1528073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article serves as the introduction to "25 Years On: The State and Continuing Development of LGBTQ Studies Programs." It begins by placing the current issue in a commemorative context: marking the anniversary of a 1993 special issue of the Journal of Homosexuality dedicated to the emergence of "Gay and Lesbian Studies" and edited by Howard L. Minton. The introduction continues by providing an overview of early phases of academic transformations, primarily in the United States, with notes on particular legacies. This is followed by a brief survey of scholarship published since 1993 that pays particular attention to curricular and pedagogical concerns. It concludes by identifying themes articulated by the essays selected for this issue as well as commentary on their individual, yet richly interrelated, contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Valente
- Department of Mathematics, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Molly Merryman
- Department of Sociology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Warren J Blumenfeld
- College of Education, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Furlan AD, Carnide N, Irvin E, Van Eerd D, Munhall C, Kim J, Li CMF, Hamad A, Mahood Q, MacDonald S. A systematic review of strategies to improve appropriate use of opioids and to reduce opioid use disorder and deaths from prescription opioids. Can J Pain 2018; 2:218-235. [PMID: 35005381 PMCID: PMC8730669 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2018.1479842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abuse of prescription opioids is a serious problem in North America. Aims The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature to examine existing strategies aimed at improving the appropriate use of prescription opioids and/or reducing the misuse, abuse, and diversion of these drugs. Methods The following electronic databases were searched to September 2015 without language restrictions: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL; the grey literature was searched to May 2014. Reference lists of retrieved papers were also searched. Studies were eligible if a strategy was implemented and its impact on at least one of the primary outcomes of interest (appropriate prescription opioid use; misuse, abuse, opioid use disorder, diversion; overdose) was measured. Standardized, prepiloted forms were used for relevance screening, quality appraisal, and data extraction. Results A total of 65 studies that assessed 66 distinct strategies were identified. Due to the heterogeneity of the strategies, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. Many studies combined more than one type of strategy and measured various types of outcomes. The strategies with most promising results involved education, clinical practices, collaborations, prescription monitoring programs, public campaigns, opioid substitution programs, and naloxone distribution. We also found strategies that had some unintended consequences after implementation. Conclusions Our review identified successful strategies that have been implemented and evaluated in various jurisdictions. There is a need to replicate and disseminate these strategies where the problem of prescription opioid misuse and abuse has taken a toll on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D Furlan
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Carnide
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma Irvin
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jaemin Kim
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Abdul Hamad
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quenby Mahood
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gwadz M, Freeman RM, Kutnick AH, Silverman E, Ritchie AS, Cleland CM, Leonard NR, Srinagesh A, Powlovich J, Bolas J. Do Programs for Runaway and Homeless Youth Work? A Qualitative Exploration From the Perspectives of Youth Clients in Diverse Settings. Front Public Health 2018; 6:112. [PMID: 29725587 PMCID: PMC5916963 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Runaway and homeless youth (RHY) comprise a large population of young people who reside outside the control and protection of parents and guardians and who experience numerous traumas and risk factors, but few buffering resources. Specialized settings have developed to serve RHY, but little is known about their effects. The present cross-sectional qualitative descriptive study, grounded in the positive youth development approach and the Youth Program Quality Assessment model, addressed this gap in the literature. From a larger sample of 29 RHY-specific settings across New York State, RHY ages 16–21 from 11 settings were purposively sampled for semi-structured in-depth interviews on their transitions into homelessness, experiences with settings, and unmet needs (N = 37 RHY). Data were analyzed with a theory-driven and inductive systematic content analysis approach. Half of participants (54%) were female; almost half (49%) identified as non-heterosexual; and 42% were African American/Black, 31% were Latino/Hispanic, and 28% were White/other. Results indicated that because RHY are a uniquely challenged population, distrustful of service settings and professional adults and skilled at surviving independently, the population-tailored approaches found in RHY-specific settings are vital to settings’ abilities to effectively engage and serve RHY. We found the following four major themes regarding the positive effects of settings: (1) engaging with an RHY setting was emotionally challenging and frightening, and thus the experiences of safety and services tailored to RHY needs were critical; (2) instrumental support from staff was vital and most effective when received in a context of emotional support; (3) RHY were skilled at survival on the streets, but benefited from socialization into more traditional systems to foster future independent living; and (4) follow-through and aftercare were needed as RHY transitioned out of services. With respect to gaps in settings, RHY highlighted the following: (1) a desire for better management of tension between youths’ needs for structure and wishes for autonomy and (2) lack of RHY input into program governance. This study advances our understanding of RHY, their service needs, and the ways settings meet these needs, as well as remaining gaps. It underscores the vital, life-changing, and even life-saving role these settings play for RHY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Gwadz
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert M Freeman
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexandra H Kutnick
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Silverman
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Amanda S Ritchie
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles M Cleland
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Noelle R Leonard
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aradhana Srinagesh
- Center for Drug Use and HIV Research, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - James Bolas
- Coalition for Homeless Youth, New York, NY, United States
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