1
|
Ferrone SR, Sanmartin MX, Ohara J, Jimenez JC, Feizullayeva C, Lodato Z, Shahsavarani S, Lacher G, Demissie S, Vialet JM, White TG, Wang JJ, Katz JM, Sanelli PC. Acute ischemic stroke outcomes in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg 2024; 16:333-341. [PMID: 37460215 DOI: 10.1136/jnis-2023-020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although patients with COVID-19 have a higher risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), the impact on stroke outcomes remains uncertain. AIMS To determine the clinical outcomes of patients with AIS and COVID-19 (AIS-COVID+). METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020211977). Systematic searches were last performed on June 3, 2021 in EMBASE, PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and CINAHL Databases. INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) studies reporting outcomes on AIS-COVID+; (2) original articles published in 2020 or later; (3) study participants aged ≥18 years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) case reports with <5 patients, abstracts, review articles; (2) studies analyzing novel interventions. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Random-effects models estimated the pooled OR and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for mortality, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition. RESULTS Of the 43 selected studies, 46.5% (20/43) reported patients with AIS without COVID-19 (AIS-COVID-) for comparison. Random-effects model included 7294 AIS-COVID+ and 158 401 AIS-COVID-. Compared with AIS-COVID-, AIS-COVID+ patients had higher in-hospital mortality (OR=3.87 (95% CI 2.75 to 5.45), P<0.001), less mRS scores 0-2 (OR=0.53 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.62), P<0.001), longer LOS (mean difference=4.21 days (95% CI 1.96 to 6.47), P<0.001), and less home discharge (OR=0.31 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.47), P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with AIS-COVID had worse outcomes, with almost fourfold increased mortality, half the odds of mRS scores 0-2, and one-third the odds of home discharge. These findings confirm the significant impact of COVID-19 on early stroke outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Ferrone
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Maria X Sanmartin
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Joseph Ohara
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jean C Jimenez
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Zachary Lodato
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Shaya Shahsavarani
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Lacher
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Seleshi Demissie
- Department of Biostatistics, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Tim G White
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jason J Wang
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Katz
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pina C Sanelli
- Institute for Health System Science, Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malhotra R, Lodato Z, Brunk P, Manoharan A, Hajifathalian K, Finkel D, Mahendrakar S. A case of cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent man with polysubstance use. IDCases 2023; 33:e01851. [PMID: 37546172 PMCID: PMC10403704 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus most commonly affects the pulmonary and central nervous systems in patients who are immunocompromised. It is most likely to present as meningitis. However, it can affect immunocompetent patients in the cerebral parenchyma. Here we describe a rare case of cryptococcoma in an immunocompetent male patient who originally presented with headache and possible seizure-like activity and had IV drug use as a risk factor. Cryptococcomas are a rare manifestation of the disease, and can present due to Cryptococcus gatti. Definite diagnosis is dependent on culture of the organism and treatment includes a long course of anti-fungals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferrone SR, Boltyenkov AT, Lodato Z, O'Hara J, Vialet J, Malhotra A, Katz JM, Wang JJ, Feizullayeva C, Sanelli PC. Clinical Outcomes and Costs of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106438. [PMID: 35397253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent stroke patients suffer significant morbidity and mortality, representing almost 30% of the stroke population. Our objective was to determine the clinical outcomes and costs of recurrent ischemic stroke (recurrent-IS). METHODS Our study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020192709). Following PRISMA guidelines, our medical librarian conducted a search in EMBASE, PubMed, Web-of-Science, Scopus, and CINAHL (last performed on August 25, 2020). INCLUSION CRITERIA (1) Studies reporting clinical outcomes and/or costs of recurrent-IS; (2) Original research published in English in year 2010 or later; (3) Study participants aged ≥18 years. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) Case reports/studies, abstracts/posters, Editorial letters/reviews; (2) Studies analyzing interventions other than intravenous thrombolysis and thrombectomy. Four independent reviewers selected studies with review of titles/abstracts and full-text, and performed data extraction. Discrepancies were resolved by a senior independent arbitrator. Risk-of-bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Initial search yielded 20,428 studies. Based on inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9 studies were selected, consisting of 24,499 recurrent-IS patients. In 5 studies, recurrent-IS ranged from 4.4-56.8% of the ischemic stroke cohorts at 3 or 12 months, or undefined follow-up. Mean age was 60-80 years and female proportions were 38.5-61.1%. Clinical outcomes included mortality 11.6-25.9% for in-hospital, 30-days, or 4-years (3 studies). In one study from the U.S., mean in-hospital costs were $17,121(SD-$53,693) and 1-year disability costs were $34,639(SD-$76,586) per patient. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the paucity of data on clinical outcomes and costs of recurrent-IS and identifies gaps in existing literature to direct future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Ferrone
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Artem T Boltyenkov
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., 40 Liberty Blvd, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Joseph O'Hara
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jaclyn Vialet
- Clinical Medical Library, Northwell Health, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Katz
- Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jason J Wang
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Chinara Feizullayeva
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Pina C Sanelli
- Imaging Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research (iCEOR), Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, 600 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Otazu GH, Li Y, Lodato Z, Elnasher A, Keever KM, Li Y, Ramos RL. Neurodevelopmental malformations of the cerebellum and neocortex in the Shank3 and Cntnap2 mouse models of autism. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136257. [PMID: 34555490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are many mouse models of autism with broad use in neuroscience research. Genetic background can be a major contributor to the phenotype observed in any mouse model of disease, including genetic models of autism. C57BL/6 mice display spontaneous glio-neuronal heterotopia in the cerebellar vermis and neocortex which may also exist in mouse models of autism created on this background. In the present report, we document the presence of cerebellar and neocortical heterotopia in heterozygous and KO Shank3 and Cntnap2 mice which are due to the C57BL/6 genotype and discuss the role these malformations may play in research using these genetic models of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo H Otazu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Adel Elnasher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Katherine M Keever
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 11568, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramos RL, Lodato Z, Elnashar A, Sweiss R, Kanchana V, Nicholas A. Primary Literature In Clinical Neuroscience for In-Person Or Remote Instruction. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2020; 19:R7-R10. [PMID: 33880105 PMCID: PMC8040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure and function relationships in the nervous system are a major component of neuroscience education. Readings and/or discussion of lesion studies in animal models are often used to demonstrate how brain injury/damage affects specific behaviors or cognitive processes. In contrast, primary literature in clinical neuroscience is less often used to teach brain structure and function relationships and this literature often describes remarkable stories of preserved brain function despite major brain injury/lesion. Here we describe a series of published articles in clinical neuroscience that we used in an undergraduate neuroscience course that challenge the simplistic views of brain localization of function and demonstrate the dynamic and plastic properties of the brain. Discussion of these primary articles can take place in-person or remote via video conferencing platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raddy L. Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Zachary Lodato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Adel Elnashar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568
| | - Rachon Sweiss
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Vichayada Kanchana
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Andrea Nicholas
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Griffin AD, Turtzo LC, Parikh GY, Tolpygo A, Lodato Z, Moses AD, Nair G, Perl DP, Edwards NA, Dardzinski BJ, Armstrong RC, Ray-Chaudhury A, Mitra PP, Latour LL. Traumatic microbleeds suggest vascular injury and predict disability in traumatic brain injury. Brain 2020; 142:3550-3564. [PMID: 31608359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic microbleeds are small foci of hypointensity seen on T2*-weighted MRI in patients following head trauma that have previously been considered a marker of axonal injury. The linear appearance and location of some traumatic microbleeds suggests a vascular origin. The aims of this study were to: (i) identify and characterize traumatic microbleeds in patients with acute traumatic brain injury; (ii) determine whether appearance of traumatic microbleeds predict clinical outcome; and (iii) describe the pathology underlying traumatic microbleeds in an index patient. Patients presenting to the emergency department following acute head trauma who received a head CT were enrolled within 48 h of injury and received a research MRI. Disability was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended ≤6 at follow-up. All magnetic resonance images were interpreted prospectively and were used for subsequent analysis of traumatic microbleeds. Lesions on T2* MRI were stratified based on 'linear' streak-like or 'punctate' petechial-appearing traumatic microbleeds. The brain of an enrolled subject imaged acutely was procured following death for evaluation of traumatic microbleeds using MRI targeted pathology methods. Of the 439 patients enrolled over 78 months, 31% (134/439) had evidence of punctate and/or linear traumatic microbleeds on MRI. Severity of injury, mechanism of injury, and CT findings were associated with traumatic microbleeds on MRI. The presence of traumatic microbleeds was an independent predictor of disability (P < 0.05; odds ratio = 2.5). No differences were found between patients with punctate versus linear appearing microbleeds. Post-mortem imaging and histology revealed traumatic microbleed co-localization with iron-laden macrophages, predominately seen in perivascular space. Evidence of axonal injury was not observed in co-localized histopathological sections. Traumatic microbleeds were prevalent in the population studied and predictive of worse outcome. The source of traumatic microbleed signal on MRI appeared to be iron-laden macrophages in the perivascular space tracking a network of injured vessels. While axonal injury in association with traumatic microbleeds cannot be excluded, recognizing traumatic microbleeds as a form of traumatic vascular injury may aid in identifying patients who could benefit from new therapies targeting the injured vasculature and secondary injury to parenchyma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison D Griffin
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - L Christine Turtzo
- Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gunjan Y Parikh
- R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Program in Trauma, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Zachary Lodato
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Anita D Moses
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Govind Nair
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy A Edwards
- Surgical Neurology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bernard J Dardzinski
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Regina C Armstrong
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhik Ray-Chaudhury
- Surgical Neurology Branch of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Partha P Mitra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence L Latour
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Acute Cerebrovasular Diagnostics Unit of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|