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Ichinose P, Miró MV, Viviani P, Herrera JM, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Exploring precision-cut liver slices for comparative xenobiotic metabolism profiling in swine and cattle. Xenobiotica 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38626291 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2024.2343905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
In vitro systems are useful tools for unravelling species differences in xenobiotic metabolism.The current work aimed to validate the technique of precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) for comparative studies on xenobiotic metabolism in swine and cattle.PCLS from swine (n = 3) and cattle (n = 3) were produced using a Brendel-VitronTM Tissue Slicer and cultured for 6 h. Tissue viability was preserved throughout the whole culture period.Metabolic viability was evaluated using the anthelmintics albendazole (ABZ) and fenbendazole (FBZ) as model drugs, as well as other substrates of hepatic monooxygenases: benzydamine (BZ) N-oxygenase (FMO-dependent), and the O-dealkylations of 7-ethoxyresorufin (EROD, CYP1A1-dependent) and 7-methoxyresorufin (MROD, CYP1A2-dependent).ABZ S-oxygenation resulted 6-fold (cattle) and 13.6-fold (swine) higher (p = 0.001) compared to FBZ S-oxygenation.Similar BZ N-oxygenation and EROD activities were observed in PCLS cultures from both species. MROD was 2.5-fold higher (p = 0.033) in swine than in cattle. Similarly, ABZ S-oxygenation was 1.7-fold higher (p = 0.0002) in swine than in cattle. Conversely, a 82% higher (p = 0.0003) rate of FBZ S-oxygenation was evidenced in PCLS cultures from cattle compared to those from swine.Overall, this work shows that PCLS cultures are useful to obtain relevant information on species differences in xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ichinose
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Viviani
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Herrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ichinose P, Miró MV, Larsen K, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Unravelling drug-drug interactions in pigs: Induction of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) metabolism after the in-feed medication with the anthelmintic fenbendazole. Res Vet Sci 2024; 167:105113. [PMID: 38141570 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The anthelmintic fenbendazole (FBZ) undergoes hepatic S‑oxygenation by monooxygenases belonging to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) families. The in-feed medication with FBZ induced CYP1A-dependent metabolism in pig liver. This fact may alter the metabolism of the anthelmintic itself, and of CYP1A substrates like aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This work evaluated the effect of the in-feed administration of FBZ on CYP1A-dependent metabolism, on its own pattern of hepatic S‑oxygenation, and on the metabolism of AFB1. Landrace piglets remained untreated (n = 5) or received a pre-mix of FBZ (n = 6) in feed for 9 days. Pigs were slaughtered for preparation of liver microsomes used for: CYP content determination; monitoring the CYP1A-dependent enzyme activities, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and 7-methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD); measurement of FBZ (50 μM) S‑oxygenation, and AFB1 (16 nM) disappearance from the incubation medium. In microsomes of FBZ-treated animals, EROD and MROD increased 19-fold (p = 0.002) and 14-fold (p = 0.003), respectively. An enhanced (3-fold, p = 0.004) participation of the CYP pathway in FBZ S‑oxygenation was observed in the liver of piglets treated with the anthelmintic (210 ± 69 pmol/min.nmol CYP) compared to untreated animals (68 ± 34 pmol/min.nmol CYP). AFB1 metabolism was 93% higher (p = 0.009) in the liver of FBZ-treated compared to untreated pigs. Positive and significant (p < 0.05) correlations were observed between CYP1A-dependent enzyme activities and FBZ or AFB1 metabolism. The sustained administration of FBZ caused an auto-induction of the CYP1A-dependent S‑oxygenation of this anthelmintic. The CYP1A induction triggered by the anthelmintic could amplify the production of AFB1 metabolites in pig liver, including the hepatotoxic AFB1-derived epoxide.+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ichinose
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen Larsen
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Encalada-Mena LA, López-Arellano R, López-Arellano ME, Mancilla-Montelongo MG, Sandoval-Castro CA, Olmedo-Juárez A, Lifschitz A, Torres-Acosta JFDJ. Curcumin-PVP improves the in vitro efficacy of ivermectin against resistant and susceptible Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2024; 256:108670. [PMID: 38092297 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) resistance in parasitic nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus has spurred a search for substances that help to recover its efficacy. One potential agent is the natural product curcumin (CUR). In this study, CUR was combined with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (CUR/PVP) to improve its solubility and biological applicability. This study determined the effect of CUR preincubation on the effective concentration 50% (EC50) of IVM in three H. contortus isolates with different susceptibilities to IVM. The IVM EC50 was determined for three H. contortus isolates with different IVM susceptibilities using the larval migration inhibition (LMI) test. The three isolates were (i) PARAISO (IVM resistant), (ii) FMVZ-UADY (IVM susceptible), and (iii) CENID-SAI INIFAP (reference IVM susceptible). The L3 of each isolate were preincubated for 3 h with one of three concentrations of CUR (μg curcumin/mL): CONC-1 (3.67), CONC-2 (5.67), or CONC-3 (8.48). Corresponding controls were performed without CUR. The EC50 of IVM was determined for each isolate after they were exposed to the different CUR concentrations. The EC50 of IVM differed between the isolates PARAISO > FMVZ-UADY > CENID-SAI INIFAP (P < 0.05). The CUR preincubation at CONC-1 did not decrease the EC50 of IVM for any of the three isolates, suggesting a hormetic effect. By contrast, CUR preincubation at CONC-2 or CONC-3 decreased the IVM EC50 for the PARAISO isolate (P < 0.05) compared with the reference isolate and reduced the EC50 of IVM for the FMVZ-UADY and CENID-SAI INIFAP isolates below the EC50 for the CENID-SAI INIFAP isolate without CUR preincubation. In conclusion, preincubation of H. contortus L3 with CUR reduced the EC50 of IVM for field isolates classified as resistant and susceptible to IVM. The CUR preincubation reduced the IVM resistance factor in the different isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Alberto Encalada-Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Calle 53 S/N, Col. Unidad, Esfuerzo y Trabajo No. 2, C.P. 24350, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Ensayos de Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, FES-Cuautitlán, Campo 4, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Carr. México-Teoloyucan Km 2.5 San Sebastián Xhala, C.P. 54714, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla, No. 8534, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - María Gabriela Mancilla-Montelongo
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla, No. 8534, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, 7000, Argentina
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carr. Mérida-Xmatkuil, C.P. 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Larsen K, Ichinose P, Fernández-San Juan R, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Effects of acaricides on the activities of monooxygenases in bovine liver microsomes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:375-384. [PMID: 37231529 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs), pyrethrins and fipronil, are acaricides commonly used in cattle, mainly as pour on formulations. Scant information is available on their potential interactions with hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential inhibitory effects of widely employed acaricides on catalytic activities mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes in cattle. Bovine (n = 4) liver microsomes were incubated in the absence (control assays) and in presence of different OPs (fenthion, chlorpyrifos, ethion, diazinon and dichlorvos), fipronil and cypermethrin at 0.1-100 μm. Five oxidative enzyme activities were assayed by spectrofluorimetric or HPLC methods: 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (for CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (for CYP1A2), benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (for CYP2B), testosterone 6-beta hydroxylase (for CYP3A) and benzydamine N-oxidase (for FMO). All acaricides, particularly phosphorothionate-containing OPs, inhibited to some extent more than one enzyme activity. The most frequent inhibitor was fenthion, which inhibited (p < .05) all enzyme activities tested (from 22% at 1 μm to 72% at 100 μm). However, low inhibitory potencies (IC50s higher than 7 μm) of all acaricides studied were observed against the catalytic activities assayed. Therefore, the risk of in vivo metabolic interactions due to inhibition of monooxygenases would be low under common husbandry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Larsen
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ichinose
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Fernández-San Juan
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lorente CJ, Mesa L, Montalto L, Gutiérrez MF, Miró MV, Lifschitz A. Ivermectin bioaccumulation and transfer through developmental stages in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Chemosphere 2023; 322:138106. [PMID: 36780993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM), one of the most widely used antiparasitics in livestock, could enters into the aquatic environment because the treated animal metabolizes only a small percentage of what is administered and the rest is eliminated through the feces, largely as a parent drug, imposing a risk to aquatic organisms. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the effect of IVM spiked in cattle dung on the survival and emergence of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), and to (2) evaluate the accumulation of this drug in the different developmental stages of this taxon. Larvae were exposed to two IVM concentrations (T1: 1000 ng g-1 and T2: 500 ng g-1) for 9 days. At days 3, 6 and 9 survival and adult emergence were recorded and samples of larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae and adults were taken to analyze the IVM accumulation. At these concentrations, a reduction in survival and adult emergence of C. pipiens was recorded. In addition, the IVM accumulation was observed in all samples analyzed, decreasing it throughout the development of this taxon (larvae > pupae > adults). Although a large proportion of the drug was lost during the metamorphosis, being mainly eliminated through pupal exuviae during molting, this process is not enough to eliminate it completely. Thus, part of the drug was transferred to the adult stage and remains available to the aquatic and terrestrial food webs. These results show that IVM represents a risk to aquatic invertebrates and their predators, which deserves further studies, especially in the context of their bioaccumulation and biomagnification through the aquatic and terrestrial trophic webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Jazmín Lorente
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Leticia Mesa
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana Montalto
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Ramón Carrillo", Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, CP 7000 Tandil, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, CP 7000 Tandil, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Miró MV, Costa-Júnior LM, Lloberas M, Cardozo P, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Phytochemicals in Gastrointestinal Nematode Control: Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Ivermectin plus Carvone Combination. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081287. [PMID: 37106850 PMCID: PMC10135351 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of plant-derived phytochemicals with anthelmintic effects have been described. Most of them have shown activity against parasites in vitro but have not been extensively explored in vivo. The aim of the current work was to study the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the combined administration of carvone (R-CNE) and ivermectin (IVM) to lambs. Three trials were conducted to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between R-CNE and IVM in lambs infected with resistant nematodes. Drug concentrations were measured in plasma, target tissues, and H. contortus by HPLC with fluorescent (IVM) and ultraviolet (R-CNE) detection. The effect of both compounds on parasites was estimated by the fecal egg count reduction. Coadministration with R-CNE significantly increased the plasma bioavailability of IVM. R-CNE showed a moderate anthelmintic effect, which was greater on the susceptible isolate of H. contortus. After the combination of R-CNE and IVM as an oral emulsion, both compounds were quantified in H. contortus recovered from infected lambs. However, R-CNE concentrations were much lower than those reported to achieve anthelmintic effects in the in vitro assays. Optimization of the pharmaceutical formulation, dose rate, and administration schedule is needed to take advantage of the intrinsic anthelmintic activity of phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luis 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Mercedes Lloberas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
| | - Patricia Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental, Balcarce 7620, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Campus Universitario, Tandil 7000, Argentina
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Ceballos L, Alvarez L, Lifschitz A, Lanusse C. Ivermectin systemic availability in adult volunteers treated with different oral pharmaceutical formulations. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114391. [PMID: 36804122 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is currently approved as an antiparasitic agent for human use in the treatment of onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, strongyloidiasis, scabies, and pediculosis. Recent findings indicate that IVM may reach other pharmacological targets, which accounts for its proven anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory, cytostatic, and antiviral effects. However, little is known about the assessment of alternative drug formulations for human use. OBJECTIVE To compare the systemic availability and disposition kinetics of IVM orally administered as different pharmaceutical formulations (tablet, solution, or capsule) to healthy adults. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN/MAIN FINDINGS Volunteers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental groups and orally treated with IVM as either, a tablet, solution, or capsules at 0.4 mg/kg in a three-phase crossover design. Blood samples were taken as dried blood spots (DBS) between 2 and 48 h post-treatment and IVM was analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. IVM Cmax value was higher (P < 0.05) after the administration of the oral solution compared to treatments with both solid preparations. The oral solution resulted in a significantly higher IVM systemic exposure (AUC: 1653 ng h/mL) compared to the tablet (1056 ng h/mL) and capsule (996 ng h/mL) formulations. The simulation of a 5-day repeated administration for each formulation did not show a significant systemic accumulation. CONCLUSION Beneficial effects against systemically located parasitic infections as well as in any other potential therapeutic field of IVM application would be expected from its use in the form of oral solution. This pharmacokinetic-based therapeutic advantage without the risk of excessive accumulation needs to be corroborated in clinical trials specifically designed for each purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Canton C, Muchiut S, Dominguez MP, Lanusse C, Alvarez LI, Lifschitz A. Comparative assessment of different ivermectin and doramectin formulations for mange control in grazing steers. Vet Parasitol 2023; 316:109891. [PMID: 36780819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Psoroptic mange causes relevant losses of productivity in cattle. Macrocyclic lactones are one of the main pharmacological tools recommended for controlling it. The aim of the current work was to compare the relationship between the pharmacokinetic behavior and the effectiveness of both ivermectin (IVM) and doramectin (DRM) following their administration as either the traditional (1 %) or long-acting (3.15-3.5 %) injectable formulations to cattle naturally infected with Psoroptes ovis. The overall work involved three trials (1, 2 and 3) carried out on commercial beef cattle farms (grazing systems). In Trial 1, 20 grazing steers with active mange infection were allocated into 2 groups (n = 10) and treated subcutaneously (SC) with either IVM (1 %) or DRM (1%) at 0.2 mg/kg. In Trial 2, 16 grazing steers with active mange divided in 2 groups (n = 8) were treated SC with either IVM 1 % (0.2 mg/kg) or IVM 3.15 % long-acting (0.63 mg/kg). In Trial 3, 2 groups of mange infected steers (n = 8) were treated SC with either IVM 3.15 % (0.63 mg/kg) or DRM 3.5 % (0.7 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected of each experimental group and the drug systemic availability was estimated by measuring of IVM/DRM concentrations by HPLC. Skin scraping samples were collected from each animal and mites were counted at 14, 21 and 28 days post-treatment. In Trial 1, the mite density score on day 14 was significantly lower for DRM (0.60) compared to IVM (1.80) (P = 0.019). Based on the number of animals clinically cured (negative to the presence of mites), the efficacy of DRM was higher (80 %) than that obtained for IVM (10 %) (P < 0.05). DRM systemic exposure measured as AUC was 1.37-fold higher compared to IVM. In Trial 2, even though IVM exposure was significantly greater after the long-acting (3.15 %) compared to the traditional formulation (1 %), none of the treatments significantly reduced the mite density score, with a percentage of animals cured between 0 % and 37.5 % after both IVM treatments. In Trial 3, the 100 % of cured animals were achieved at day 21 (IVM 3.15 %) and at day 28 (DRM 3.5 %) post-treatment. In conclusion, DRM treatment could offer some therapeutic advantages in field situations where IVM fails to control mange. Depending on the level of susceptibility of the mite population, long-acting pharmaceutical formulations can be useful to control Psoroptic mange in cattle. The use of macrocyclic lactones for mange control in cattle should be based on appropriate diagnosis on each individual farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Muchiut
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Paula Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Ignacio Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Miró MV, Costa-Júnior LM, Alvarez LI, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Pharmacological characterization of geraniol in sheep and its potential use in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes. Vet Anim Sci 2022; 18:100269. [PMID: 36147514 PMCID: PMC9486669 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geraniol is a monoterpene which showed in vitro antiparasitic effect. The oxidative metabolism of albendazole is reduced by geraniol in vitro. There were not in vivo pharmacokinetic interactions after the coadministration of albendazole and geraniol to sheep. The residence time of geraniol after its oral administration to sheep is very short. The efficacy of geraniol against Haemonchus contortus was below the threshold established.
Geraniol (GNL) was effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in vitro; nevertheless, the anthelmintic effect of phytochemicals combined with synthetic drugs has been little explored in vivo. This article characterized in vitro / in vivo the pharmacological features of GNL in sheep as well as its pharmacokinetic interaction with albendazole (ABZ). Additionally, the in vivo efficacy of GNL against Haemonchus contortus was evaluated in lambs. Liver microsomes from lambs were incubated in the absence or presence of GNL to analyze CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and FMO metabolic pathways. The effect of GNL on the hepatic sulfoxidation and sulfonation of ABZ and the ruminal sulforeduction of albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO) was assessed. The in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction of ABZ and GNL was evaluated in lambs. The effect of GNL on the fecal egg count was evaluated in lambs infected with a resistant isolate of H. contortus. In sheep liver microsomes, the presence of 2 mM GNL reduced the CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and FMO pathways by 77.9, 90.8 and 84.5%, respectively, with respect to control (P < 0.05). In the presence of 2 mM GNL, the ABZ sulfoxidation decreased from 114.4 ± 8.49 (control) to 50.24 ± 11.1 nmol/min.mg, and ABZSO2 production decrease from 0.52 ± 0.14 to 0.09 ± 0.03 nmol/h.mg. No changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of ABZ were observed in the presence of GNL. The in vivo efficacy of four doses of GNL was 40.5%. These findings highlight the importance of integrated in vitro / in vivo pharmaco-parasitological studies to develop new pharmacological tools for controlling gastrointestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Miró
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Laboratory of Parasite Control, Department of Pathology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses 1966, São Luis, Brazil
| | - Luis Ignacio Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Campus Universitario, Tandil, Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil: Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil, Argentina.
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Cantón G, Urtizbiría F, Lloberas MM, Morrell E, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Iatrogenic doramectin overdosing causes toxicity in sheep: A case report. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100722. [PMID: 35431078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones are widely used endectocides in ruminants, with a high margin of safety for labeled indications. No previous report of iatrogenic doramectin overdosing has been published. We report an outbreak in a sheep flock in Northeast Patagonia, Argentina. Toxicity signs were observed in more than 10% and 59% of ewes and lambs, respectively, particularly those with low body condition, treated with doramectin 3.5% long-acting injectable formulation, presumably at the indicated dose of 700 μg/kg. Clinical signs included lethargy, mydriasis and coma. Doramectin concentration in blood samples was 826.8 (±119.3) ng/ml. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and liver doramectin concentration in euthanized lambs were 3.26-4.28 ng/ml and 8506-8772 ng/g, respectively. Epidemiological and clinical information, and high doramectin concentration were sufficient to confirm the neurotoxicity. Scarce fat deposition could have altered doramectin pharmacokinetic which may have accounted for the observed neurotoxicity. Special care should be taken when animals under similar nutritional conditions are treated with macrocyclic lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cantón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Facundo Urtizbiría
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Mercedes Lloberas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Eleonora Morrell
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC276, 7620, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, B7000GHG, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, B7000GHG, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Larsen K, Lifschitz A, Fernández San Juan R, Virkel G. Metabolic stability of glyphosate and its environmental metabolite (aminomethylphosphonic acid) in the ruminal content of cattle. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:740-751. [PMID: 35302929 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2032382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide. Both GLY and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), its main degradation product, may be present in feedstuffs offered to dairy cows. Although the major proportions of ingested GLY and AMPA are eliminated with faeces, a potential degradation of GLY to AMPA in the rumen of dairy cows has been suggested. Considering that the rumen plays a central role in the pre-systemic metabolism of xenobiotics, this research aimed to investigate whether or not GLY and AMPA are metabolised in the ruminal environment of cattle. The distribution of both compounds between the fluid and solid phases of the ruminal content (RC) was also evaluated. RC from 3 steers were collected in an abattoir. Aliquots were incubated (3-6 h) in anaerobiosis with GLY (15 µg/mL) and AMPA (1.5 µg/mL). Metabolic viability of RC was assessed by the measurement of the sulpho-reduction of the anthelmintic derivative albendazole sulphoxide (ABZSO) into albendazole (ABZ) in the absence (controls) or in presence of GLY and AMPA. Incubations of boiled (inactive) RC were used as controls. Samples were analysed by HLPC with fluorescence detection. Neither GLY nor AMPA were metabolised in metabolically active RC from cattle. Both compounds were predominantly found in the fluid phase compared to the solid (particulate) matter of RC. Neither GLY nor AMPA had a negative effect on the metabolic production of ABZ. A high metabolic stability of both compounds within the ruminal environment would be expected in vivo. Their presence in high proportion in the fluid phase of the ruminal content may give rise to a rapid flow of both GLY and AMPA to the posterior gastrointestinal tract. Negative effects on the ruminal biotransformation of therapeutically used drugs would not be expected when the herbicide and its degradation product are consumed with food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Larsen
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Rocío Fernández San Juan
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CIC-UNCPBA, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Argentina
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12
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Sarli M, Miró MV, Rossner MV, Nava S, Lifschitz A. Successive treatments with ivermectin (3.15%) to control the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101848. [PMID: 34656045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, the potential accumulation in the body of treated animals and the efficacy of ivermectin long-acting formulation (3.15%) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in a scheme of three successive treatments. Fifteen 12-month-old heifers, naturally infested with R. microplus, were divided into two groups (G). Cattle from GI (n = 10) were subjected to three treatments with ivermectin 3.15% (IVOMEC GOLD®, Merial Argentina S.A.) at a rate of 1 mL/50 kg on days 0, 35, and 70. Cattle from GII (n = 5) were not treated. From day 1 to 202 post-treatment blood samples were taken to measure ivermectin concentrations by HPLC and female ticks (4.5-8 mm) were counted to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. The level of tick resistance to ivermectin was evaluated before and after finishing the scheme of successive treatments by larval immersion test (LIT) bioassay from engorged females collected from GI. The area under the concentration vs. time curves (AUC0-35d) obtained post-second treatment was 1.51 ± 0.39-fold higher than those observed post-first treatment (P<0.05). The mean plasma concentrations of ivermectin 3.15% at 20 days after the first, second and third treatment were 17.0, 27.5 and 37.8 ng/mL, respectively (P<0.01). The elimination half-life of ivermectin post-third treatment was significantly longer than that was previously reported after a single dose (P<0.01). Values of therapeutic efficacy percentage reached 75.6% post-first treatment and between 95.9 and 100% after the second treatment. Ticks evaluated by LIT showed a significant increase in lethal concentrations after treatments. Although the efficacy level was high, the successive treatments with long-acting ivermectin formulation generate a significant accumulation of drug in plasma and could increase the levels of resistance to this drug in the tick population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Sarli
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL) (INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (INTA E.E.A. Rafaela), Ruta 34 Km 227, CP 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Victoria Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, CP 7000, Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Rossner
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez (INTA E.E.A. Colonia Benítez), Colonia Benítez, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Santiago Nava
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (IdICaL) (INTA-CONICET), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela (INTA E.E.A. Rafaela), Ruta 34 Km 227, CP 2300, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, CP 7000, Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Krolewiecki A, Lifschitz A, Moragas M, Travacio M, Valentini R, Alonso DF, Solari R, Tinelli MA, Cimino RO, Álvarez L, Fleitas PE, Ceballos L, Golemba M, Fernández F, de Oliveira DF, Astudillo G, Baeck I, Farina J, Cardama GA, Mangano A, Spitzer E, Gold S, Lanusse C. Corrigendum to Antiviral effect of high-dose ivermectin in adults with COVID-19: A proof-of-concept randomized trial [EClinicalMedicine 37 (2021) 100,959]". EClinicalMedicine 2021; 39:101119. [PMID: 34462733 PMCID: PMC8387727 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100959.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
- Corresponding author at: Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales. UNSa. Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Matías Moragas
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Travacio
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Valentini
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Solari
- Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Pedro E. Fleitas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Golemba
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fernández
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernández de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Inés Baeck
- Departamento de Medicina. Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Farina
- Servicio de Infectología. Hospital Cuenca Alta, Cañuelas, Argentina
| | - Georgina A. Cardama
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Krolewiecki A, Lifschitz A, Moragas M, Travacio M, Valentini R, Alonso DF, Solari R, Tinelli MA, Cimino RO, Álvarez L, Fleitas PE, Ceballos L, Golemba M, Fernández F, Fernández de Oliveira D, Astudillo G, Baeck I, Farina J, Cardama GA, Mangano A, Spitzer E, Gold S, Lanusse C. Antiviral effect of high-dose ivermectin in adults with COVID-19: A proof-of-concept randomized trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 37:100959. [PMID: 34189446 PMCID: PMC8225706 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited antiviral options for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Ivermectin (IVM), a macrocyclic lactone with a wide anti-parasitary spectrum, has shown potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. This study aimed at assessing the antiviral effect of IVM on viral load of respiratory secretions and its relationship with drug concentrations in plasma. METHODS Proof-of-concept, pilot, randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor blinded trial to evaluate antiviral activity of high-dose IVM in 45 COVID-19 hospitalized patients randomized in a 2:1 ratio to standard of care plus oral IVM at 0·6 mg/kg/day for 5 days versus standard of care in 4 hospitals in Argentina. Eligible patients were adults with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days of symptoms onset. The primary endpoint was the difference in viral load in respiratory secretions between baseline and day-5, by quantitative RT-PCR. Concentrations of IVM in plasma were measured. Study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04381884. FINDINGS 45 participants were recruited (30 to IVM and 15 controls) between May 18 and September 9, 2020. There was no difference in viral load reduction between groups but a significant difference was found in patients with higher median plasma IVM levels (72% IQR 59-77) versus untreated controls (42% IQR 31-73) (p = 0·004). Mean ivermectin plasma concentration levels correlated with viral decay rate (r: 0·47, p = 0·02). Adverse events were similar between groups. No differences in clinical evolution at day-7 and day-30 between groups were observed. INTERPRETATION A concentration dependent antiviral activity of oral high-dose IVM was identified at a dosing regimen that was well tolerated. Large trials with clinical endpoints are necessary to determine the clinical utility of IVM in COVID-19. FUNDING This work was supported by grant IP-COVID-19-625, Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, Argentina and Laboratorio ELEA/Phoenix, Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Matías Moragas
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Travacio
- Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Valentini
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Solari
- Hospital Francisco J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rubén O. Cimino
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
| | - Luis Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Pedro E. Fleitas
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Alvarado 751 (4530), Orán, Argentina
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Golemba
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Fernández
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Fernández de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Inés Baeck
- Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Farina
- Servicio de Infectología, Hospital Cuenca Alta, Cañuelas, Argentina
| | - Georgina A. Cardama
- Centro de Oncología Molecular y Traslacional (COMTra) y Plataforma de Servicios Biotecnológicos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mangano
- Unidad de Virología y Epidemiología Molecular, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Silvia Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), Tandil, Argentina
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15
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Luque S, Lloberas M, Cardozo P, Virkel G, Farias C, Viviani P, Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Lifschitz A. Combined moxidectin-levamisole treatment against multidrug-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes: A four-year efficacy monitoring in lambs. Vet Parasitol 2021; 290:109362. [PMID: 33524780 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nematicide combinations may be a valid strategy to achieve effective nematode control in the presence of drug resistance. The goal of the current trial was to evaluate the pharmaco-parasitological performance of the moxidectin (MOX) and levamisole (LEV) combination after four years of continuous use in lambs naturally parasitized with multi-resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. At the beginning of the trial, 40 lambs were divided into four groups (n = 10), which were untreated (control) or subcutaneously treated with MOX (0.2 mg/kg), LEV (8 mg/kg) or with the combination MOX + LEV (administered separately at 0.2 and 8 mg/kg, respectively). Blood samples were collected at different times post-treatment and LEV and MOX plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC. The clinical efficacy of the continuous use of MOX + LEV combination was assessed with the controlled efficacy test (CET), performed at the beginning and end of the study, and with the faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test, performed over the four-year study period. No significant adverse pharmacokinetic changes were observed either for MOX or LEV after their co-administration to infected lambs. The CET (first year) showed efficacies of 84.3 % (Haemonchus contortus), 100 % (Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus axei), and 97.4 % (T. colubriformis). After the repetitive use of the combined treatment for four years, those efficacies remained high (100 %) and only decreased to 58 % against T. colubriformis. The evaluation of the FECR over the study period showed fluctuations in the performance of the combined administration. The initial FECR (2014) was 99 % (MOX), 85 % (LEV) and 100 % (MOX + LEV). The co-administration of MOX + LEV during the four-year experimental period resulted in a significantly higher anthelmintic effect (87 %) than that of MOX (42 %) or LEV (69 %) given alone. The combined use of MOX + LEV to control resistant gastrointestinal nematodes appears to be a valid strategy under specific management conditions. A high initial therapeutic response to the combination would be a relevant feature for the success of this tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Luque
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - M Lloberas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Argentina
| | - P Cardozo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Farias
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - L Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina.
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16
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Leathwick DM, Miller CM, Waghorn TS, Schwendel H, Lifschitz A. Route of administration influences the concentration of ivermectin reaching nematode parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2020; 14:152-158. [PMID: 33120249 PMCID: PMC7591328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An animal trial was conducted to measure the concentrations of ivermectin occurring in abomasal and small intestinal contents and mucosa, and in the target parasites (Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora) following administration by subcutaneous, oral and pour-on routes. Twenty-five steers were infected with ivermectin-resistant isolates of O. ostertagi and C. oncophora and following patency randomly allocated to 3 treatment groups of 7 and 1 untreated control group of four. On day 0, animals in the treatment groups were administered ivermectin via the oral, injectable or pour-on routes. On days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, blood samples were collected from all live animals, one animal from each treatment group was euthanised and the abomasum and small intestine recovered. Control animals were euthanised on each of days 4, 5, 6 and 8. Samples of gastrointestinal tract organs, their contents, mucosa and parasites were collected and assayed for ivermectin concentration using HPLC. The highest plasma concentrations occurred following subcutaneous administration. In the gastrointestinal contents the highest levels occurred following oral administration, although one high value occurred following pour-on administration, which was attributed to self-licking by the treated animal. The lowest GI content levels followed subcutaneous injection. Ivermectin concentrations in the gastrointestinal mucosa were highest following subcutaneous injection. Drug levels in the abomasal parasite O. ostertagi were most closely correlated with levels in the abomasal mucosa whereas levels in the intestinal C. oncophora were most closely correlated with those in the intestinal contents. Thus, the maximun levels of drug reached C. oncophora in the small intestine following oral administration. In contrast, the highest levels of ivermectin in O. ostertagi followed subcutaneous injection. Therefore, route of administration is likely to influence the exposure to ivermectin for different parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Leathwick
- AgResearch Grassland, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand.
| | - C M Miller
- AgResearch Grassland, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - T S Waghorn
- AgResearch Grassland, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - H Schwendel
- AgResearch Grassland, Private Bag 11008, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario (7000), Tandil, Argentina
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17
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Larroza M, Soler P, Robles C, Cabrera R, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Doramectin efficacy against Psoroptes ovis in sheep: Evaluation of pharmacological strategies. Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107998. [PMID: 32941889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of two injectable formulations of doramectin (DRM) against Psoroptes ovis in sheep infested under controlled experimental conditions and to characterize the DRM plasma disposition kinetics in the infested animals. To this end, sheep were experimentally infested with a P. ovis strain from a farm with a history of treatment failure, and then treated either with DRM 1% (traditional preparation) on days 0 and 7 or with DRM 3.15% (long-acting formulation) on day 0. The efficacy of each treatment was calculated by counting live mites in skin scrapings. Plasma samples were obtained from each animal and DRM concentrations were measured by HPLC. After the two doses of DRM 1%, the maximum efficacy (98.8%) was reached on day 28, whereas after the single dose of DRM 3.15%, the maximum efficacy (100%) was reached on day 35 and ratified on day 42. The long-acting formulation allowed obtaining higher exposure and more sustained concentrations of DRM than the traditional preparation. Although both DRM formulations studied were effective according to international protocols, they did not reach 100% effectiveness in the time required for approved pharmaceutical products against sheep scab, according to Argentine regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larroza
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P Soler
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - C Robles
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - R Cabrera
- Grupo de Salud Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina.
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18
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Miró MV, E Silva CR, Viviani P, Luque S, Lloberas M, Costa-Júnior LM, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Combination of bioactive phytochemicals and synthetic anthelmintics: In vivo and in vitro assessment of the albendazole-thymol association. Vet Parasitol 2020; 281:109121. [PMID: 32361524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The search of novel strategies for anthelmintic control is a crucial need considering the widespread increase in resistant parasitic populations in livestock. Bioactive phytochemicals may contribute to improve parasite control by enhancing the effect of existing anthelmintic drugs. The aim of the current work was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro pharmaco-chemical interaction and the in vivo efficacy of the combination of albendazole (ABZ) with thymol (TML) in lambs naturally infected with resistant gastrointestinal nematodes. Thirty (30) lambs were allocated into three experimental groups. Each group was treated orally with either ABZ (5 mg/kg), TML (150 mg/kg, twice every 24 h) or the co-administration of both compounds. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 51 h post-treatment and TML, ABZ and its metabolites were measured by HPLC. Individual faecal samples were collected at days -1 and 14 post-treatment to perform the faecal egg count reduction test. Additionally, the effect of TML on the sulphoreduction and sulphonation of ABZ sulphoxide was assessed in vitro using ruminal content and liver microsomes, respectively. The metabolism of TML in the ruminal content was very low and the monoterpene exhibited a low degree of association with the particulate phase of the ruminal content. No changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of ABZ sulphoxide were observed in the presence of the natural product (TML). In contrast, the ABZ sulphone Cmax and AUC were lower (P 0.002 and 0.001 respectively) in the co-administered animals (0.16 ± 0.07 μg/mL and 3.63 ± 1.21 μg.h/mL) compared with those that received ABZ alone (0.45 ± 0.15 μg/mL and 9.50 ± 2.84 μg.h/mL). TML was detected in the bloodstream between 1 and 48 h post-treatment, which indicates the time of target nematodes being exposed to the bioactive monoterpene. However, the in vivo efficacy of TML was 0% and the presence of this terpene did not increase the efficacy of ABZ. The presence of TML significantly inhibited the ruminal sulphoreduction (P 0.001) and the hepatic sulphonation (P 0.001) of ABZ sulphoxide. These observations point out that in vivo pharmaco-parasitological studies are relevant to corroborate the adverse kinetic/metabolic interactions and the efficacy of bioactive natural products combined with synthetic anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Victoria Miró
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA- CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carolina Rocha E Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Paula Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA- CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Sonia Luque
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lloberas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Livio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Laboratório de Controle de Parasitos, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA- CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA- CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA- CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro, Tandil, Argentina.
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19
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Mesa L, Gutiérrez MF, Montalto L, Perez V, Lifschitz A. Concentration and environmental fate of ivermectin in floodplain wetlands: An ecosystem approach. Sci Total Environ 2020; 706:135692. [PMID: 31826804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is commonly used for broad control of endo- and ecto- parasites in cattle. In wetlands of the Parana Medio River, cattle has been treated repeatedly with IVM for years and concerns have been raised on possible presence of the drug in these ecosystems. A field study was conducted to assess concentration of IVM in two wetlands subjected to different cattle use and frequency of IVM injection. Concentration of IVM in roots of macrophytes, Chironomus sp., Coelotanypus sp., Brachymesia furcata (larvae), Dero sp., Hyalella sp., Hirudinea, Planorbidae, Boana pulchella (larvae), Aphyocharax anisitsi and Serrapinnus calliurus were shown for the first time. Total concentration of IVM in the wetlands, and concentration in cattle manure, sediment, water and macrophytes increased with the number of treated cattle and frequency of IVM injections. Accumulation of IVM in aquatic assemblages is alarming because these organisms fulfill a key role in food webs, constituting a serious risk to human health. Management strategies should be implemented by farmers to keep recently treated animals away from watercourses to reduce the introduction of IVM into aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Mesa
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ma Florencia Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana Montalto
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Vanina Perez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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20
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Ballent M, Canton C, Dominguez P, Bernat G, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of the ivermectin and abamectin nematodicidal interaction in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2019; 279:109010. [PMID: 32035291 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In a context of nematodicidal resistance, anthelmintic combinations have emerged as a reliable pharmacological strategy to control gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing systems of livestock production. The current work evaluated the potential drug-drug interactions following the coadministration of two macrocyclic lactones (ML) ivermectin (IVM) and abamectin (ABM) to parasitized cattle using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) approach. The kinetic behavior of both compounds administered either separately or coadministered was assessed and the therapeutic response of the combination was evaluated under different resistance scenarios. In the pharmacological trial, calves received a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of IVM (100 μg/Kg); a single s.c. injection of ABM (100 μg/Kg) or IVM + ABM (50 μg/Kg each) administered in different injection sites to reach a final ML dose of 100 μg/Kg (Farm 1). Plasma samples were taken from those animals up to 20 days post-treatment. IVM and ABM plasma concentrations were quantified by HPLC. A parasitological trial was carried out in three farms with different status of nematodes resistance to IVM. Experimental animals received IVM (200 μg/Kg), ABM (200 μg/Kg) or IVM + ABM (100 μg/Kg each) in Farm 2, and IVM + ABM (200 μg/Kg each) in Farms 3 and 4. The anthelmintic efficacy was determined by fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). PK analysis showed similar trends for IVM kinetic behavior after coadministration with ABM. Conversely, the ABM elimination half-life was prolonged and the systemic exposure during the elimination phase was increased in the presence of IVM. Although IVM alone failed to control Cooperia spp., the combination IVM + ABM was the only treatment that achieved an efficacy higher than 95% against resistant Cooperia spp. in all farms. In fact, when Cooperia spp. was the main genus within the nematode population and Haemonchus spp. was susceptible or slightly resistant to ML (Farms 2 and 4), the total FECR for the combination IVM + ABM was higher than 90%. Instead, when the predominant nematode genus was a highly resistant Haemonchus spp. (Farm 3), the total FECR after the combined treatment was as low as the single treatments. Therefore, the rational use of these pharmacological tools should be mainly based on the knowledge of the epidemiology and the nematode susceptibility status in each cattle farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - C Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Bernat
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), (CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA) Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
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21
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Virkel G, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1251-1269. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nava S, Rossner MV, Ballent M, Mangold AJ, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Relationship between pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (3.15%) and its efficacy to control the infestation with the tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in cattle. Vet Parasitol 2019; 268:81-86. [PMID: 30981310 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the variation in plasma concentration of ivermectin 3.15% over time and its efficacy against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In addition, a trial was conducted to infer if the application of successive treatments with ivermectin 3.15% could affect its accumulation in cattle. A noticeable variation of ivermectin plasma concentration was observed among the treated heifers. However, these differences did not have a significant effect onthe therapeutic efficacy of the treatment at the end of the trial. No significant differences were observed in the levels of tick infestations between heifers of the treated group; moreover, no significant correlation was detected between the plasma AUC0-21 of ivermectin 3.15% and the cumulative number of ticks of each heifer. Levels of therapeutic efficacy higher than 80% were observed only from day 7 post-treatment, when levels of ivermectin concentration were higher than 8 ng/ml. The lowest values of therapeutic efficacy were observed during the first and the second days post-treatment, when plasma concentrations of ivermectin 3.15% were lower than 8 ng/ml. Viable engorged females were collected from the heifers belonging to the treated group from days 1-5 post-treatment. There was a significant accumulation of the drug after the second dose of ivermectin 3.15%. Ivermectin concentrations in fat biopsies were 366 ng/g (51 days after the first treatment), 275 ng/g (51 days after the second treatment) and 15 ng/g (64 days after the second treatment). These results suggest that applications of successive treatments with ivermectin 3.15% might increase its accumulation in cattle tissues, extending the withdrawal period indicated for the commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Nava
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela(INTA EEA Rafaela) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María V Rossner
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Colonia Benítez(INTA EEA Colonia Benítez), Colonia Benítez, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Atilio J Mangold
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela(INTA EEA Rafaela) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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Maté L, Ballent M, Cantón C, Ceballos L, Lifschitz A, Lanusse C, Alvarez L, Liron J. Assessment of P-glycoprotein gene expression in adult stage of Haemonchus contortus in vivo exposed to ivermectin. Vet Parasitol 2018; 264:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Döpp A, Thaury C, Guillaume E, Massimo F, Lifschitz A, Andriyash I, Goddet JP, Tazfi A, Ta Phuoc K, Malka V. Energy-Chirp Compensation in a Laser Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:074802. [PMID: 30169048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.074802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The energy spread in laser wakefield accelerators is primarily limited by the energy chirp introduced during the injection and acceleration processes. Here, we propose the use of longitudinal density tailoring to reduce the beam chirp at the end of the accelerator. Experimental data sustained by quasi-3D particle-in-cell simulations show that broadband electron beams can be converted to quasimonoenergetic beams of ≤10% energy spread while maintaining a high charge of more than 120 pC. In the linear and quasilinear regimes of wakefield acceleration, the method could provide even lower, subpercent level, energy spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Döpp
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - F Massimo
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - I Andriyash
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - A Tazfi
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech-CNRS-École Polytechnique-Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Mahieu B, Jourdain N, Ta Phuoc K, Dorchies F, Goddet JP, Lifschitz A, Renaudin P, Lecherbourg L. Probing warm dense matter using femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy with a laser-produced betatron source. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3276. [PMID: 30115918 PMCID: PMC6095895 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring and understanding ultrafast processes at the atomic level is a scientific challenge. Femtosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) arises as an essential experimental probing method, as it can simultaneously reveal both electronic and atomic structures, and thus potentially unravel their nonequilibrium dynamic interplay which is at the origin of most of the ultrafast mechanisms. However, despite considerable efforts, there is still no femtosecond X-ray source suitable for routine experiments. Here we show that betatron radiation from relativistic laser−plasma interaction combines ideal features for femtosecond XAS. It has been used to investigate the nonequilibrium dynamics of a copper sample brought at extreme conditions of temperature and pressure by a femtosecond laser pulse. We measured a rise-time of the electron temperature below 100 fs. This experiment demonstrates the great potential of the table-top betatron source which makes possible the investigation of unexplored ultrafast processes in manifold fields of research. Understanding the ultrafast dynamics of materials under extreme conditions is challenging. Here the authors use a femtosecond betatron X-ray source to investigate the solid to dense plasma phase transition in copper using XAS with unprecedented time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | - N Jourdain
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France.,CEA-DAM-DIF, 91297, Arpajon, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Dorchies
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA (Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications), UMR 5107, 33400, Talence, France
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
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Mesa LM, Hörler J, Lindt I, Gutiérrez MF, Negro L, Mayora G, Montalto L, Ballent M, Lifschitz A. Effects of the Antiparasitic Drug Moxidectin in Cattle Dung on Zooplankton and Benthic Invertebrates and its Accumulation in a Water-Sediment System. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 75:316-326. [PMID: 29846763 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Two anthelmintic macrocyclic lactones-ivermectin and moxidectin-have revolutionized parasite control in cattle. These drugs are only partly metabolized by livestock, and the main route of excretion is via feces. In seasonally inundated floodplains, cattle feces come into direct contact with surface water. Important differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics between these drugs may bear on their ecotoxicology in aquatic ecosystems. Moxidectin strongly binds to organic matter and thereby may be consumed in aquatic food webs, but there is a scarcity of data on toxicity to freshwater invertebrates. The objectives of this work were to determine the effect of moxidectin spiked in cattle dung on survival and growth of three representative aquatic invertebrates: the zooplankton Ceriodaphnia dubia, the amphipod Hyalella curvispina, and the snail Pomacea canaliculata. Moxidectin-laced dung was added in microcosms and concentrations were measured in water, sediment + dung, roots of the aquatic plant Salvinia biloba, and the aforementioned invertebrates. The influence of moxidectin on nutrient concentrations was also evaluated. Dung was spiked with moxidectin to attain concentrations of 750, 375 and 250 µg kg-1 dung fresh weight, approximating those found in cattle dung at days 2, 3, and 5 following subcutaneous injection. Concentrations of moxidectin in dung during the first week of excretion were lethally toxic for the tested invertebrate taxa. The persistence of moxidectin in the sediment + dung and the uptake of the drug in roots of S. biloba increase its potential exposure to aquatic food webs. Moxidectin also reduced the rate of release of soluble reactive phosphorus to the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Mesa
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - J Hörler
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - I Lindt
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M F Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Negro
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Montalto
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
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Ferri J, Corde S, Döpp A, Lifschitz A, Doche A, Thaury C, Ta Phuoc K, Mahieu B, Andriyash IA, Malka V, Davoine X. High-Brilliance Betatron γ-Ray Source Powered by Laser-Accelerated Electrons. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:254802. [PMID: 29979083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.254802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in laser-driven plasma acceleration now enables the acceleration of electrons to several gigaelectronvolts. Taking advantage of these novel accelerators, ultrashort, compact, and spatially coherent x-ray sources called betatron radiation have been developed and applied to high-resolution imaging. However, the scope of the betatron sources is limited by a low energy efficiency and a photon energy in the 10 s of kiloelectronvolt range, which for example prohibits the use of these sources for probing dense matter. Here, based on three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we propose an original hybrid scheme that combines a low-density laser-driven plasma accelerator with a high-density beam-driven plasma radiator, thereby considerably increasing the photon energy and the radiated energy of the betatron source. The energy efficiency is also greatly improved, with about 1% of the laser energy transferred to the radiation, and the γ-ray photon energy exceeds the megaelectronvolt range when using a 15 J laser pulse. This high-brilliance hybrid betatron source opens the way to a wide range of applications requiring MeV photons, such as the production of medical isotopes with photonuclear reactions, radiography of dense objects in the defense or industrial domains, and imaging in nuclear physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ferri
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Döpp
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Am Coulombwall 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Doche
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - B Mahieu
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
| | - I A Andriyash
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91762 Palaiseau, France
- Department of Physics and Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - X Davoine
- CEA, DAM, DIF, 91297 Arpajon, France
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Ballent M, Viviani P, Imperiale F, Dominguez P, Halwachs S, Mahnke H, Honscha W, Lanusse C, Virkel G, Lifschitz A. Pharmacokinetic assessment of the monepantel plus oxfendazole combined administration in dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:292-300. [PMID: 29139145 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monepantel (MNP) is a novel anthelmintic compound launched into the veterinary pharmaceutical market. MNP is not licenced for use in dairy animals due to the prolonged elimination of its metabolite monepantel sulphone (MNPSO2 ) into milk. The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of potential in vivo drug-drug interactions affecting the pattern of milk excretion after the coadministration of the anthelmintics MNP and oxfendazole (OFZ) to lactating dairy cows. The concentrations of both parent drugs and their metabolites were measured in plasma and milk samples by HPLC. MNPSO2 was the main metabolite recovered from plasma and milk after oral administration of MNP. A high distribution of MNPSO2 into milk was observed. The milk-to-plasma ratio (M/P ratio) for this metabolite was equal to 6.75. Conversely, the M/P ratio of OFZ was 1.26. Plasma concentration profiles of MNP and MNPSO2 were not modified in the presence of OFZ. The pattern of MNPSO2 excretion into milk was also unchanged in animals receiving MNP plus OFZ. The percentage of the total administered dose recovered from milk was 0.09 ± 0.04% (MNP) and 2.79 ± 1.54% (MNPSO2 ) after the administration of MNP alone and 0.06 ± 0.04% (MNP) and 2.34 ± 1.38% (MNPSO2 ) after the combined treatment. The presence of MNP did not alter the plasma and milk disposition kinetics of OFZ. The concentrations of the metabolite fenbendazole sulphone tended to be slightly higher in the coadministered group. Although from a pharmacodynamic point of view the coadministration of MNP and OFZ may be a useful tool, the presence of OFZ did not modify the in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of MNP and therefore did not result in reduced milk concentrations of MNPSO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - F Imperiale
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Dominguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - S Halwachs
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - H Mahnke
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Honscha
- Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA-UNCPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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29
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Mesa LM, Lindt I, Negro L, Gutierrez MF, Mayora G, Montalto L, Ballent M, Lifschitz A. Aquatic toxicity of ivermectin in cattle dung assessed using microcosms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 144:422-429. [PMID: 28654874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is a parasiticide widely used for livestock. It is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin, a macrocyclic lactone produced by Streptomyces avermitilis. This drug is only partly metabolized by livestock; considerable amounts of parent drug are excreted mostly via feces. To simulate exposure of aquatic invertebrates and macrophytes to direct excretion of cattle dung into surface waters, a microcosm experiment with IVM spiked in cattle dung was conducted. The objectives of this study were to characterize accumulation of IVM in water, sediment+dung, roots of the floating fern Salvinia and the zooplankton Ceriodaphnia dubia, the amphipod Hyalella and the apple snail Pomacea; to determine the effect of this drug spiked in cattle dung on life-history traits of these invertebrates; and to evaluate the influence of IVM on aquatic nutrient cycling. Dung was spiked with IVM to attain concentrations of 1150, 458, 50 and 22µgkg-1dung fresh weight, approximating those found in cattle dung at days 3, 7, 16 and 29 following subcutaneous injection. Concentrations found in dung during the first week of excretion were lethally toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia and Hyalella, whereas no mortality was observed in Pomacea. Concentrations of IVM in roots, sediment + dung and Pomacea increased significantly from the lowest to the highest treatment level. The effect of this drug on decomposition and release of nutrients from dung would have negative consequences for nutrient cycling in water. Increasing concentrations in sediment + dung with days of the experiment suggested that toxic concentrations would persist for an extended period in the water-sediment system. IVM represents an ecological risk for aquatic ecosystems, underscoring the need for livestock management strategies to limit its entry into water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M Mesa
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - I Lindt
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Negro
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M F Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L Montalto
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, CP 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET-CICPBA, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Zaïm N, Thévenet M, Lifschitz A, Faure J. Relativistic Acceleration of Electrons Injected by a Plasma Mirror into a Radially Polarized Laser Beam. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:094801. [PMID: 28949590 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to generate femtosecond, relativistic, and high-charge electron bunches using few-cycle and tightly focused radially polarized laser pulses. In this scheme, the incident laser pulse reflects off an overdense plasma that injects electrons into the reflected pulse. Particle-in-cell simulations show that the plasma injects electrons ideally, resulting in a dramatic increase of charge and energy of the accelerated electron bunch in comparison to previous methods. This method can be used to generate femtosecond pC bunches with energies in the 1-10 MeV range using realistic laser parameters corresponding to current kHz laser systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaïm
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - M Thévenet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - J Faure
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau cedex, France
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31
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Kim HT, Pathak VB, Hong Pae K, Lifschitz A, Sylla F, Shin JH, Hojbota C, Lee SK, Sung JH, Lee HW, Guillaume E, Thaury C, Nakajima K, Vieira J, Silva LO, Malka V, Nam CH. Stable multi-GeV electron accelerator driven by waveform-controlled PW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10203. [PMID: 28860579 PMCID: PMC5579019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievable energy and the stability of accelerated electron beams have been the most critical issues in laser wakefield acceleration. As laser propagation, plasma wave formation and electron acceleration are highly nonlinear processes, the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is extremely sensitive to initial experimental conditions. We propose a simple and elegant waveform control method for the LWFA process to enhance the performance of a laser electron accelerator by applying a fully optical and programmable technique to control the chirp of PW laser pulses. We found sensitive dependence of energy and stability of electron beams on the spectral phase of laser pulses and obtained stable 2-GeV electron beams from a 1-cm gas cell of helium. The waveform control technique for LWFA would prompt practical applications of centimeter-scale GeV-electron accelerators to a compact radiation sources in the x-ray and γ-ray regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - V B Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Pae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - C Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France. .,Weizmann Institue for Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Anthelmintic drugs require effective concentrations to be attained at the site of parasite location for a certain period to assure their efficacy. The processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (pharmacokinetic phase) directly influence drug concentrations attained at the site of action and the resultant pharmacological effect. The aim of the current review article was to provide an overview of the relationship between the pharmacokinetic features of different anthelmintic drugs, their availability in host tissues, accumulation within target helminths and resulting therapeutic efficacy. It focuses on the anthelmintics used in cattle and sheep for which published information on the overall topic is available; benzimidazoles, macrocyclic lactones and monepantel. Physicochemical properties, such as water solubility and dissolution rate, determine the ability of anthelmintic compounds to accumulate in the target parasites and consequently final clinical efficacy. The transcuticular absorption process is the main route of penetration for different drugs in nematodes and cestodes. However, oral ingestion is a main route of drug entry into adult liver flukes. Among other factors, the route of administration may substantially affect the pharmacokinetic behaviour of anthelmintic molecules and modify their efficacy. Oral administration improves drug efficacy against nematodes located in the gastroinestinal tract especially if parasites have a reduced susceptibility. Partitioning of the drug between gastrointestinal contents, mucosal tissue and the target parasite is important to enhance the drug exposure of the nematodes located in the lumen of the abomasum and/or small intestine. On the other hand, large inter-animal variability in drug exposure and subsequent high variability in efficacy is observed after topical administration of anthelmintic compounds. As it has been extensively demonstrated under experimental and field conditions, understanding pharmacokinetic behaviour and identification of different factors affecting drug activity is important for achieving optimal parasite control and avoiding selection for drug resistance. The search for novel alternatives to deliver enhanced drug concentrations within target helminth parasites may contribute to avoiding misuse, and prolong the lifespan of existing and novel anthelmintic compounds in the veterinary pharmaceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lifschitz
- a Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) , UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET , Campus Universitario, 7000 - Tandil , Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- a Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) , UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET , Campus Universitario, 7000 - Tandil , Argentina
| | - L Alvarez
- a Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) , UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET , Campus Universitario, 7000 - Tandil , Argentina
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Kahaly S, Sylla F, Lifschitz A, Flacco A, Veltcheva M, Malka V. Detailed Experimental Study of Ion Acceleration by Interaction of an Ultra-Short Intense Laser with an Underdense Plasma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31647. [PMID: 27531755 PMCID: PMC4987697 DOI: 10.1038/srep31647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion acceleration from intense (Iλ2 > 1018 Wcm−2 μm2) laser-plasma interaction is experimentally studied within a wide range of He gas densities. Focusing an ultrashort pulse (duration ion plasma period) on a newly designed submillimetric gas jet system, enabled us to inhibit total evacuation of electrons from the central propagation channel reducing the radial ion acceleration associated with ponderomotive Coulomb explosion, a mechanism predominant in the long pulse scenario. New ion acceleration mechanism have been unveiled in this regime leading to non-Maxwellian quasi monoenergetic features in the ion energy spectra. The emitted nonthermal ion bunches show a new scaling of the ion peak energy with plasma density. The scaling identified in this new regime differs from previously reported studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kahaly
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Nkft, Dugonics ter 13, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France.,SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, F-91400 Orsay, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Flacco
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Veltcheva
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, Ecole Polytechnique, ENSTA, CNRS, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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35
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Beaurepaire B, Guénot D, Vernier A, Böhle F, Perrier M, Jullien A, Lopez-Martens R, Lifschitz A, Faure J. Limitations in ionization-induced compression of femtosecond laser pulses due to spatio-temporal couplings. Opt Express 2016; 24:9693-9705. [PMID: 27137583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.009693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was recently proposed that ionization-induced self-compression could be used as an effective method to further compress femtosecond laser pulses propagating freely in a gas jet [He et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 263904 2014]. Here, we address the question of the homogeneity of the self-compression process and show experimentally that homogeneous self-compression down to 12fs can be obtained by finding the appropriate focusing geometry for the laser pulse. Simulations are used to reproduce the experimental results and give insight into the self-compression process and its limitations. Simulations suggest that the ionization process induces spatio-temporal couplings which lengthen the pulse duration at focus, possibly making this method ineffective for increasing the laser peak intensity.
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Ballent M, Virkel G, Maté L, Viviani P, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Hepatic biotransformation pathways and ruminal metabolic stability of the novel anthelmintic monepantel in sheep and cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 39:488-96. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - G. Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - L. Maté
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - P. Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - C. Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - A. Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET-CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
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Gamboa GVU, Palma SD, Lifschitz A, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Passirani C, Benoit JP, Allemandi DA. Ivermectin-loaded lipid nanocapsules: toward the development of a new antiparasitic delivery system for veterinary applications. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:1945-53. [PMID: 26852126 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin (IVM) is probably one of the most widely used antiparasitic drugs worldwide, and its efficacy is well established. However, slight differences in formulation may change the plasma kinetics, the biodistribution, and in consequence, the efficacy of this compound. The present study focuses on the development of a novel nanocarrier for the delivery of lipophilic drugs such as IVM and its potential application in antiparasitic control. Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) were prepared by a new phase inversion procedure and characterized in terms of size, surface potential, encapsulation efficiency, and physical stability. A complement activation assay (CH50) and uptake experiments by THP-1 macrophage cells were used to assess the stealth properties of this nanocarrier in vitro. Finally, a pharmacokinetics and biodistribution study was carried out as a proof of concept after subcutaneous (SC) injection in a rat model. The final IVM-LNC suspension displayed a narrow size distribution and an encapsulation rate higher than 90 % constant over the evaluated time (60 days). Through flow cytometry and blood permanence measurements, it was possible to confirm the ability of these particles to avoid the macrophage uptake. Moreover, the systemic disposition of IVM in the LNC administered by the SC route was higher (p < 0.05) (1367 ng h/ml) compared to treatment with a commercial formulation (CF) (1193 ng.h/ml), but no significant differences in the biodistribution pattern were found. In conclusion, this new carrier seems to be a promising therapeutic approach in antiparasitic control and to delay the appearance of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Ullio Gamboa
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S D Palma
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, CIVETAN (CONICET), Fac.Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, CIVETAN (CONICET), Fac.Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, CIVETAN (CONICET), Fac.Cs. Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Passirani
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - J P Benoit
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U1066, IBS-CHU, Angers, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France
| | - D A Allemandi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica, UNITEFA-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina. .,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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38
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Thaury C, Guillaume E, Lifschitz A, Ta Phuoc K, Hansson M, Grittani G, Gautier J, Goddet JP, Tafzi A, Lundh O, Malka V. Shock assisted ionization injection in laser-plasma accelerators. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16310. [PMID: 26549584 PMCID: PMC4637871 DOI: 10.1038/srep16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionization injection is a simple and efficient method to trap an electron beam in a laser plasma accelerator. Yet, because of a long injection length, this injection technique leads generally to the production of large energy spread electron beams. Here, we propose to use a shock front transition to localize the injection. Experimental results show that the energy spread can be reduced down to 10 MeV and that the beam energy can be tuned by varying the position of the shock. This simple technique leads to very stable and reliable injection even for modest laser energy. It should therefore become a unique tool for the development of laser-plasma accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thaury
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - E Guillaume
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - A Lifschitz
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - M Hansson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Grittani
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic.,Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Gautier
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - J-P Goddet
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - A Tafzi
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
| | - O Lundh
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - V Malka
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 bd des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau France
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Guillaume E, Döpp A, Thaury C, Ta Phuoc K, Lifschitz A, Grittani G, Goddet JP, Tafzi A, Chou SW, Veisz L, Malka V. Electron Rephasing in a Laser-Wakefield Accelerator. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:155002. [PMID: 26550730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An important limit for energy gain in laser-plasma wakefield accelerators is the dephasing length, after which the electron beam reaches the decelerating region of the wakefield and starts to decelerate. Here, we propose to manipulate the phase of the electron beam in the wakefield, in order to bring the beam back into the accelerating region, hence increasing the final beam energy. This rephasing is operated by placing an upward density step in the beam path. In a first experiment, we demonstrate the principle of this technique using a large energy spread electron beam. Then, we show that it can be used to increase the energy of monoenergetic electron beams by more than 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Döpp
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
- Centro de Laseres Pulsados, Parque Cientfico, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - K Ta Phuoc
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - G Grittani
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i. (FZU), ELI Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J-P Goddet
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Tafzi
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
| | - S W Chou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Veisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS UMR7639 - École Polytechnique, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Lloberas M, Alvarez L, Entrocasso C, Ballent M, Virkel G, Luque S, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response of single and double intraruminal doses of ivermectin and moxidectin in nematode-infected lambs. N Z Vet J 2015; 63:227-34. [PMID: 25689407 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1015645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the pharmacokinetics, distribution and efficacy (pharmacodynamic response) of intraruminal ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MXD) administered at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg to naturally nematode-infected lambs, and to determine the ex vivo accumulation of these anthelmintics by Haemonchus contortus. METHODS Romney Marsh lambs, naturally infected with IVM-resistant H. contortus, were allocated to treatment groups based on faecal nematode egg counts. They received 0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg IVM or MXD (n=10 per group), or no treatment (Control; n=6), on Day 0. Samples from four animals from each treatment group, including abomasal parasites, were obtained on Day 1. Plasma samples were also collected from Day 0 to 14, and a faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and a controlled efficacy trial were carried out on Day 14. Concentrations of IVM and MXD in plasma, in abomasal and intestinal tissues and in H. contortus were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, the ex vivo drug accumulation of IVM and MXD by H. contortus was determined. RESULTS Peak plasma concentrations and the area under the concentration vs. time curve for both IVM and MXD were higher for 0.4 than 0.2 mg/kg treatments (p<0.05), but there were no differences for other parameters. Concentrations of IVM and MXD in the gastrointestinal target tissues and in H. contortus were higher compared to those measured in plasma. Concentrations of both drugs in H. contortus were correlated with those observed in the abomasal content (r=0.86; p<0.0001). The exposure of H. contortus to IVM and MXD was related to the administered dose. Mean FECRT and efficacy for removal of adult H. contortus was 0% for IVM at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg. For MXD, FECRT were >95% for both treatments, and efficacy against H. contortus was 85.1% and 98.1% for 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg, respectively. The ex vivo accumulation of IVM and MXD in H. contortus was directly related to the drug concentration present in the environment and was influenced by the duration of exposure. CONCLUSION Administration of IVM and MXD at 0.4 compared with 0.2 mg/kg accounted for enhanced drug exposure in the target tissues, as well as higher drug concentrations within resistant nematodes. The current work is a further contribution to the evaluation of the relationship between drug efficacy and basic pharmacological issues in the presence of resistant parasite populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lloberas
- a Laboratorio de Parasitología , EEA INTA Balcarce , Balcarce , Argentina
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Alvarez L, Suarez G, Ceballos L, Moreno L, Canton C, Lifschitz A, Maté L, Ballent M, Virkel G, Lanusse C. Integrated assessment of ivermectin pharmacokinetics, efficacy against resistant Haemonchus contortus and P-glycoprotein expression in lambs treated at three different dosage levels. Vet Parasitol 2015; 210:53-63. [PMID: 25841863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The main goals of the current work were: (a) to assess the ivermectin (IVM) systemic exposure and plasma disposition kinetics after its administration at the recommended dose, x5 and x10 doses to lambs, (b) to compare the clinical efficacy of the same IVM dosages in lambs infected with an IVM-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus, and (c) to assess the expression of the transporter protein P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in H. contortus recovered at 14 days after administration of the IVM dose regimens. There were two separated trials where IVM was administered either subcutaneously (SC, Experiment I) or intraruminally (IR, Experiment II). Each experiment involved twenty-four (24) lambs artificially infected with a highly resistant H. contortus isolate. Animals were allocated into 4 groups (n=6) and treated with IVM at either 0.2 (IVM x1), 1 (IVM x5) or 2mg/kg (IVM x10). Plasma samples were collected up to 12 days post-treatment and analysed by HPLC. An untreated-control Group was included to assess the comparative anthelmintic efficacy of the different treatments. The level of expression of Pgp in H. contortus specimens obtained from lambs both untreated and IR treated with the different IVM doses was quantified by real time PCR. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to compare the statistical significance of the results (P<0.05). After the SC treatment, the IVM plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-LOQ) increased from 41.9 (IVM SCx1) up to 221 (IVM SCx5) and 287 (IVM SCx10)ng.day/mL and after the IR treatment from 20.8 (IVM IRx1) up to 121 (IVM IRx5) and 323 (IVM IRx10)ng.day/mL. Dose-adjusted AUC0-LOQ and Cmax were similar among doses, demonstrating dose proportionality for IVM after both SC and IR administration at the three different doses. The efficacies against resistant H. contortus after the SC treatment were 42% (IVM SC1), 75% (IVM SCx5) and 75% (IVM SCx10). However, the IR IVM treatment reached clinical efficacies ranging from 48% (IVM IRx1) up to 96% (IVM IRx5) and 98% (IVM IRx10). None of the IR IVM treatments increased the expression of P-gp in adult H. contortus at 14 days post-treatment compared to samples collected from the untreated control group. An enhanced parasite exposure of the drug at the abomasum may explain the improved efficacy against this recalcitrant H. contortus isolate observed only after the IR administration at 5- and 10-fold the IVM therapeutic dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - Gonzalo Suarez
- Área Farmacología, Facultad Veterinaria, Universidad de la República (UDELAR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Moreno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Candela Canton
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Laura Maté
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Virkel G, Lifschitz A, Sallovitz J, Maté L, Farías C, Lanusse C. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the benzydamine-mediated interference with the hepatic S-oxidation of the anthelmintic albendazole in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Larsen K, Najle R, Lifschitz A, Maté ML, Lanusse C, Virkel GL. Effects of Sublethal Exposure to a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Formulation on Metabolic Activities of Different Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2014; 33:307-318. [PMID: 24985121 DOI: 10.1177/1091581814540481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The activities of different xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in liver subcellular fractions from Wistar rats exposed to a glyphosate (GLP)-based herbicide (Roundup full II) were evaluated in this work. Exposure to the herbicide triggered protective mechanisms against oxidative stress (increased glutathione peroxidase activity and total glutathione levels). Liver microsomes from both male and female rats exposed to the herbicide had lower (45%-54%, P < 0.01) hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) levels compared to their respective control animals. In female rats, the hepatic 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (a general CYP-dependent enzyme activity) was 57% higher (P < 0.05) in herbicide-exposed compared to control animals. Conversely, this enzyme activity was 58% lower (P < 0.05) in male rats receiving the herbicide. Lower (P < 0.05) 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethlyase (EROD, CYP1A1/2 dependent) and oleandomycin triacetate (TAO) N-demethylase (CYP3A dependent) enzyme activities were observed in liver microsomes from exposed male rats. Conversely, in females receiving the herbicide, EROD increased (123%-168%, P < 0.05), whereas TAO N-demethylase did not change. A higher (158%-179%, P < 0.01) benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (a CYP2B-dependent enzyme activity) activity was only observed in herbicide-exposed female rats. In herbicide-exposed rats, the hepatic S-oxidation of methimazole (flavin monooxygenase dependent) was 49% to 62% lower (P < 0.001), whereas the carbonyl reduction of menadione (a cytosolic carbonyl reductase-dependent activity) was higher (P < 0.05). Exposure to the herbicide had no effects on enzymatic activities dependent on carboxylesterases, glutathione transferases, and uridinediphospho-glucuronosyltransferases. This research demonstrated certain biochemical modifications after exposure to a GLP-based herbicide. Such modifications may affect the metabolic fate of different endobiotic and xenobiotic substances. The pharmacotoxicological significance of these findings remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Larsen
- Laboratorio de Biología y Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Roberto Najle
- Laboratorio de Biología y Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - María L Maté
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
| | - Guillermo L Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (UNCPBA), Centro de Investigación Veterinaria Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICET), Tandil, Argentina
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Iezzi S, Lifschitz A, Sallovitz J, Nejamkin P, Lloberas M, Manazza J, Lanusse C, Imperiale F. Closantel plasma and milk disposition in dairy goats: assessment of drug residues in cheese and ricotta. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:589-94. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Iezzi
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - A. Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - J. Sallovitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - P. Nejamkin
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - M. Lloberas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA); Estación Experimental Balcarce; Balcarce Argentina
| | - J. Manazza
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA); Estación Experimental Balcarce; Balcarce Argentina
| | - C. Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - F. Imperiale
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); CONICET/CICPBA; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
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Ballent M, Maté L, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Viviani P, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Intestinal drug transport: ex vivo evaluation of the interactions between ABC transporters and anthelmintic molecules. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37:332-7. [PMID: 24611483 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is composed of several transmembrane proteins that are involved in the efflux of a large number of drugs including ivermectin, a macrocyclic lactone (ML) endectocide, widely used in human and livestock antiparasitic therapy. The aim of the work reported here was to assess the interaction between three different anthelmintic drugs with substrates of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The ability of ivermectin (IVM), moxidectin (MOX) and closantel (CST) to modulate the intestinal transport of both rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), a P-gp substrate, and danofloxacin (DFX), a BCRP substrate, across rat ileum was studied by performing the Ussing chamber technique. Compared to the controls, Rho 123 efflux was significantly reduced by IVM (69%), CST (51%) and the positive control PSC833 (65%), whereas no significant differences were observed in the presence of MOX (30%). In addition, DFX efflux was reduced between 59% and 72% by all the assayed drug molecules, showing a higher potency than that observed in the presence of the specific BCRP inhibitor pantoprazole (PTZ) (52%). An ex vivo intestinal transport approach based on the diffusion chambers technique may offer a complementary tool to study potential drug interactions with efflux transporters such as P-gp and BCRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina
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Lifschitz A, Ballent M, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Viviani P, Lanusse C. Accumulation of monepantel and its sulphone derivative in tissues of nematode location in sheep: pharmacokinetic support to its excellent nematodicidal activity. Vet Parasitol 2014; 203:120-6. [PMID: 24647279 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs) are a new class of anthelmintic molecules active against a wide range of sheep gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes including those that are resistant to other anthelmintic families. The plasma disposition of monepantel (MNP) has been previously characterized in sheep. However, information on drug concentration profiles attained at tissues of parasite location is necessary to fully understand the pharmacological action of this novel compound. The current work aimed to study the relationship between the concentrations of MNP parent drug and its main metabolite monepantel sulphone (MNPSO₂), measured in the bloodstream and in different GI tissues of parasite location in sheep. Twenty two (22) uninfected healthy Romney Marsh lambs received MNP (Zolvix, Novartis Animal Health) orally administered at 2.5 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected from six animals between 0 and 14 days post-treatment to characterize the drug/metabolite plasma disposition kinetics. Additionally, 16 lambs were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 96 h post-administration to assess the drug concentrations in the GI fluid contents and tissues. MNP and MNPSO₂ concentrations were determined by HPLC. MNP parent compound was rapidly oxidized into MNPSO₂. MNP systemic availability was significantly lower than that observed for MNPSO₂. The peak plasma concentrations were 15.1 (MNP) and 61.4 ng/ml (MNPSO₂). The MNPSO₂ to MNP plasma concentration profile ratio (values expressed in AUC) reached a value of 12. Markedly higher concentrations of MNP and MNPSO₂ were measured in both abomasal and duodenal fluid contents, and mucosal tissues compared to those recovered from the bloodstream. A great MNP availability was measured in the abomasal content with concentration values ranging between 2000 and 4000 ng/g during the first 48 h post-treatment. Interestingly, the metabolite MNPSO₂ was also recovered in abomasal content but its concentrations were significantly lower compared to MNP. The parent drug and its sulphone metabolite were detected in the different segments of the sheep intestine. MNPSO₂ concentrations in the different intestine sections sampled were significantly higher compared to those measured in the abomasum. Although MNP is metabolized to MNPSO₂ in the liver, the large concentrations of both anthelmintically active molecules recovered during the first 48 h post-treatment from the abomasum and small intestine may greatly contribute to the well-established pharmacological activity of MNP against GI nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina.
| | - M Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - G Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - J Sallovitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - P Viviani
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
| | - C Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Campus Universitario, 7000 Tandil, Argentina
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Couprie ME, Benabderrahmane C, Betinelli P, Bouvet F, Buteau A, Cassinari L, Daillant J, Denard JC, Eymard P, Gagey B, Herbeaux C, Labat M, Lagarde B, Lestrade A, Loulergue A, Marchand P, Marlats JL, Miron C, Morin P, Nadji A, Polack F, Pruvost JB, Ribeiro F, Ricaud JP, Roy P, Tanikawa T, Roux R, Bielawski S, Evain C, Szwaj C, Lambert G, Lifschitz A, Malka V, Lehe R, Rousse A, Phuoc KT, Thaury C, Devanz G, Luong M, Carré B, LeBec G, Farvacque L, Dubois A, Lüning J. The LUNEX5 project in France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/425/7/072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sylla F, Flacco A, Kahaly S, Veltcheva M, Lifschitz A, Malka V, d'Humières E, Andriyash I, Tikhonchuk V. Short intense laser pulse collapse in near-critical plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:085001. [PMID: 23473156 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is observed that the interaction of an intense ultrashort laser pulse with a near-critical gas jet results in the pulse collapse and the deposition of a significant fraction of the energy. This deposition happens in a small and well-localized volume in the rising part of the gas jet, where the electrons are efficiently accelerated and heated. A collisionless plasma expansion over ~ 150 μm at a subrelativistic velocity (~ c/3) has been optically monitored in time and space, and attributed to the quasistatic field ionization of the gas associated with the hot electron current. Numerical simulations in good agreement with the observations suggest the acceleration in the collapse region of relativistic electrons, along with the excitation of a sizable magnetic dipole that sustains the electron current over several picoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sylla
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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Ballent M, Wilkens MR, Maté L, Muscher AS, Virkel G, Sallovitz J, Schröder B, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. P-glycoprotein in sheep liver and small intestine: gene expression and transport efflux activity. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 36:576-82. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ballent
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - M. R. Wilkens
- Department of Physiology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - L. Maté
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - A. S. Muscher
- Department of Physiology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - G. Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - J. Sallovitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - B. Schröder
- Department of Physiology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - C. Lanusse
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
| | - A. Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Laboratorio de Farmacología; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET); UNCPBA; Tandil Argentina
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Larsen K, Najle R, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Effects of sub-lethal exposure of rats to the herbicide glyphosate in drinking water: glutathione transferase enzyme activities, levels of reduced glutathione and lipid peroxidation in liver, kidneys and small intestine. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 34:811-8. [PMID: 23044091 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLP), the active ingredient of many weed killing formulations, is a broad spectrum herbicide compound. Wistar rats were exposed during 30 or 90 days to the highest level (0.7 mg/L) of GLP allowed in water for human consumption (US EPA, 2011) and a 10-fold higher concentration (7 mg/L). The low levels of exposure to the herbicide did not produce histomorphological changes. The production of TBARS was similar or tended to be lower compared to control animals not exposed to the herbicide. In rats exposed to GLP, increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity may act as a protective mechanism against possible detrimental effects of the herbicide. Overall, this work showed certain biochemical modifications, even at 3-20-fold lower doses of GLP than the oral reference dose of 2mg/kg/day (US EPA, 1993). The toxicological significance of these findings remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Larsen
- Laboratorio de Biología y Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina.
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