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Kim YH, Kim H, Park SC, Kwon Y, Yeom K, Cho W, Kwon T, Yun H, Sung JH, Lee SK, Luu TT, Nam CH, Kim KT. Author Correction: High-harmonic generation from a flat liquid-sheet plasma mirror. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2877. [PMID: 37208319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hwan Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Park
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kwon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Yeom
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wosik Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Yun
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, SAR Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YH, Kim H, Park SC, Kwon Y, Yeom K, Cho W, Kwon T, Yun H, Sung JH, Lee SK, Luu TT, Nam CH, Kim KT. High-harmonic generation from a flat liquid-sheet plasma mirror. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2328. [PMID: 37087465 PMCID: PMC10122666 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38087-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-harmonic radiation can be generated when an ultra-intense laser beam is reflected from an over-dense plasma, known as a plasma mirror. It is considered a promising technique for generating intense attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray wavelength ranges. However, a solid target used for the formation of the over-dense plasma is completely damaged by the interaction. Thus, it is challenging to use a solid target for applications such as time-resolved studies and attosecond streaking experiments that require a large amount of data. Here we demonstrate that high-harmonic radiation can be continuously generated from a liquid plasma mirror in both the coherent wake emission and relativistic oscillating mirror regimes. These results will pave the way for the development of bright, stable, and high-repetition-rate attosecond light sources, which can greatly benefit the study of ultrafast laser-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hwan Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Park
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Kwon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghoon Yeom
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Wosik Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Yun
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, SAR Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Pak T, Rezaei-Pandari M, Kim SB, Lee G, Wi DH, Hojbota CI, Mirzaie M, Kim H, Sung JH, Lee SK, Kang C, Kim KY. Multi-millijoule terahertz emission from laser-wakefield-accelerated electrons. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:37. [PMID: 36740599 PMCID: PMC9899771 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01068-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-power terahertz radiation was observed to be emitted from a gas jet irradiated by 100-terawatt-class laser pulses in the laser-wakefield acceleration of electrons. The emitted terahertz radiation was characterized in terms of its spectrum, polarization, and energy dependence on the accompanying electron bunch energy and charge under various gas target conditions. With a nitrogen target, more than 4 mJ of energy was produced at <10 THz with a laser-to-terahertz conversion efficiency of ~0.15%. Such strong terahertz radiation is hypothesized to be produced from plasma electrons accelerated by the ponderomotive force of the laser and the plasma wakefields on the time scale of the laser pulse duration and plasma period. This model is examined with analytic calculations and particle-in-cell simulations to better understand the generation mechanism of high-energy terahertz radiation in laser-wakefield acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegyu Pak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Mohammad Rezaei-Pandari
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Dae Hee Wi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Mohammad Mirzaie
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyeongmun Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki-Yong Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA.
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Kim DY, Hojbota CI, Mirzaie M, Lee SK, Kim KY, Sung JH, Nam CH. Optical synchronization technique for all-optical Compton scattering. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113001. [PMID: 36461441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In all-optical Compton scattering driven by a multi-petawatt laser, it is critical to have accurate spatiotemporal synchronization between the ultrarelativistic electron bunch and the ultrahigh-intensity laser beam. Such a synchronization was realized by using two complementary optical setups. The first setup, used for the initial synchronization, recorded the spatial interferogram between the two femtosecond lasers used for a GeV electron beam production and an ultrahigh scattering laser beam. The second one, consisting of spatial and spectral interferometers, measured the time delay between the two laser beams in the range of 0-200 fs in real time. These monitoring systems played an essential role in conducting Compton scattering experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Yeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Mirzaie
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Ki Yong Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, South Korea
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Mahmood MA, Ahn GE, Lee SH, Kim SY, Ahmad I, Tahir S, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Choi IW, Nam CH. Absolute response of a proton detector composed of a microchannel plate assembly and a charge-coupled device to laser-accelerated multi-MeV protons. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:113311. [PMID: 36461536 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The absolute response of a real-time proton detector, composed of a microchannel plate (MCP) assembly, an imaging lens, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, is calibrated for the spectral characterization of laser-accelerated protons, using a Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS). A slotted CR-39 plate was used as an absolute particle-counting detector in the TPS, simultaneously with the MCP-CCD detector to obtain a calibration factor (count/proton). In order to obtain the calibration factor as a function of proton energy for a wide range of proton numbers, the absolute response was investigated for different operation parameters of the MCP-CCD detector, such as MCP voltage, phosphor voltage, and CCD gain. A theoretical calculation for the net response of the MCP was in good agreement with the calibrated response of the MCP-CCD detector, and allows us to extend the response to higher proton energies. The response varies in two orders of magnitude, showing an exponential increase with the MCP voltage and almost linear increase with the phosphor voltage and the CCD gain. The calibrated detector enabled characterization of a proton energy spectrum in a wide dynamic range of proton numbers. Moreover, two MCP assemblies having different structures of MCP, phosphor screen, and optical output window have been calibrated, and the difference in the absolute response was highlighted. The highly-sensitive detector operated with maximum values of the parameters enables measuring a single proton particle and evaluating an absolute spectrum at high proton energies in a single laser shot. The absolute calibrations can be applied for the spectral measurement of protons using different operating voltages and gains for optimized response in a large range of proton energy and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Mahmood
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Eun Ahn
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Tahir
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Kim JI, Yoon JW, Yang JM, Kim YG, Sung JH, Lee SK, Nam CH. Wavefront-corrected post-compression of a 100-TW Ti:sapphire laser. Opt Express 2022; 30:26212-26219. [PMID: 36236816 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed and corrected the wavefront distortion induced during the post-compression of a 100-TW Ti:Sapphire laser and achieved the intensity enhancement. In the post-compression, the spectral broadening of the laser was obtained by propagating through three 0.5 mm-thick fused silica plates and the laser pulse duration was post-compressed from 24 fs to 11 fs using a set of chirped mirrors. We measured the wavefront aberrations due to the intensity-dependent nonlinear process during the post-compression of femtosecond high-power laser pulses. By compensating for the wavefront aberrations with an adaptive optics system, the Strehl ratio of the post-compressed beam was improved from 0.37 to 0.52 and the focused intensity of the post-compressed beam could be enhanced by a factor of 1.5, while the enhancement without the wavefront correction was only a factor of 1.1 in spite of the peak-power enhancement by a factor of 1.8.
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Xu J, Bae L, Ezzat M, Kim HT, Yang JM, Lee SH, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Ji L, Shen B, Nam CH. Nanoparticle-insertion scheme to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11128. [PMID: 35778463 PMCID: PMC9249746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A localized nanoparticle insertion scheme is developed to decouple electron injection from laser evolution in laser wakefield acceleration. Here we report the experimental realization of a controllable electron injection by the nanoparticle insertion method into a plasma medium, where the injection position is localized within the short range of 100 μm. Nanoparticles were generated by the laser ablation process of a copper blade target using a 3-ns 532-nm laser pulse with fluence above 100 J/cm2. The produced electron bunches with a beam charge above 300 pC and divergence of around 12 mrad show the injection probability over 90% after optimizing the ablation laser energy and the temporal delay between the ablation and the main laser pulses. Since this nanoparticle insertion method can avoid the disturbing effects of electron injection process on laser evolution, the stable high-charge injection method can provide a suitable electron injector for multi-GeV electron sources from low-density plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Leejin Bae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Ezzat
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Liangliang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Baifei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-Intense Laser Science, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shanghai, 201800, China. .,Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science (CoReLS), Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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Yang PS, Kim DH, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Sung JH, Joung B. Comparative effectiveness of early rhythm control versus rate control for cardiovascular outcomes according to sex in patients with atrial fibrillation. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea
Background
Rhythm control is associated with better cardiovascular outcomes than usual care among patients recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, there are limited data on the outcomes of AF ablation according to sex. The purpose of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the effects of early rhythm control compared to rate control on the primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, ischaemic stroke, hospitalisation for heart failure (HF), or myocardial infarction.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study including 22635 patients with AF newly treated with rhythm control (antiarrhythmic drugs or ablation) or rate control in 2011-2015 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Propensity overlap weighting was used.
Results
Among patients with early AF treatment (initiated within 1 year since diagnosis), compared with rate control, rhythm control was associated with a similar lower risk of the primary composite outcome both women (weighted incidence rate per 100 person-years: 8.68 in rhythm control vs. 10.3 in rate control; hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69 to 0.90; P<0.001) and men (weighted incidence rate per 100 person-years: 6.33 in rhythm control vs. 8.32 in rate control; HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.88; P<0.001). However, the effective initiation time for rhythm control therapy was within 6 and 11 months after AF diagnosis in female and male patients, respectively. Moreover, the effective times for other outcomes were different between genders (hospitalization for HF; female within 2 months, male within 9 months/ ischemic stroke; female within 11 months, male immediately).
Conclusions
Early initiation of rhythm control was associated with a lower risk of primary outcome in both genders. However, the effective rhythm control treatment initiation time for primary outcome, stroke and HF-related admission was different in both genders. For rhythm control treatment to be effective, women should start treatment earlier than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- PS Yang
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - DH Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HT Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - TH Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - HN Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - MH Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JH Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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9
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Kim JI, Kim YG, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Nam CH. Sub-10 fs pulse generation by post-compression for peak-power enhancement of a 100-TW Ti:Sapphire laser. Opt Express 2022; 30:8734-8741. [PMID: 35299319 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated sub-10 fs pulse generation by the post-compression of a 100 TW Ti:Sapphire laser to enhance the peak-power. In the post-compression, the laser spectrum was widely broadened by self-phase modulation in thin fused silica plate(s), and the induced spectral phase was compensated with a set of chirped mirrors. A spatial filter stage, consisting of two cylindrical lenses and a spherical lens, was employed to reduce the intensity modulation existing in the laser beam, which effectively suppressed intensity spikes induced by self-focusing. The laser beam was post-compressed from 23 fs to 9.7 fs after propagating through a 1.5 mm fused silica plate, resulting in the peak-power enhancement by a factor of 2.1.
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Kim YG, Kim JI, Yoon JW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Nam CH. Single-shot spatiotemporal characterization of a multi-PW laser using a multispectral wavefront sensing method. Opt Express 2021; 29:19506-19514. [PMID: 34266059 DOI: 10.1364/oe.429891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The single-shot spatiotemporal characterization of an ultrahigh intensity laser pulse was performed using a multispectral wavefront sensor. For the measurement of the spatio-spectral electric field, a femtosecond laser pulse was spectrally modulated and separated by a Fabry-Perot etalon coupled with a grating pair, and its spatio-spectral electric field was measured with a wavefront sensor. The spatiotemporal electric field was reconstructed from the measured spatio-spectral electric field of a multi-PW laser pulse. We found that the spatiotemporal distortion could reduce the focused laser intensity by 15%, compared to the case of a diffraction-limited and transform-limited laser pulse.
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Yang PS, Byun JH, Sung JH, Joung B. Early mortality and complications associated with catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: analysis of the entire procedure in Korea from 2007 to 2016. Europace 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab116.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
There is limited data regarding the early mortality and adverse outcomes from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the early mortality and frequency of adverse outcomes associated with AF catheter ablation from 2006 to 2016 in Korea.
Methods
From 2006 to 2016 in the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 11,893 individuals underwent catheter ablation for AF. We investigated the frequency of complications and early mortality associated with AF ablation and comorbidities that led to adverse outcomes after AF ablation.
Results
Out of all 11,893 procedures, early mortality occurred in 38 cases (0.32%). Annual trends in AF procedural complications occurring during index admission for AF ablation decreased from 9.25% in 2006 to 6.49% in 2016 (P for trend = 0.004). The early mortality rate after AF ablation had remained unchanged between 2006 and 2016. After adjustment for age, comorbidities, and medication, procedural complications (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]: 16.1; P < 0.001), age (aOR: 1.25; P = 0.024), history of hemorrhagic stroke (aOR: 4.74; P = 0.019), and less experience with AF ablation of the hospital (aOR: 2.85; P = 0.024) were associated with early mortality. Among procedural complications, atrioesophageal fistula (aOR: 199.8; P < 0.001), access site complications (aOR: 6.08; P = 0.005), complete heart block (aOR: 11.3; P = 0.029), pneumothorax (aOR: 62.0; P < 0.001), and procedure related pneumonia (aOR: 39.0; P < 0.001) were associated with early mortality.
Conclusions
Procedural complications, history of hemorrhagic stroke, and less experience with AF ablation of the hospital were predictors of early mortality. Out of all complications, atrioesophageal fistual, procedure related pneumonia, and in-hospital stroke were related to early mortality. Adequate management of complications may contribute to reducing the number of early mortalty rates following AF ablation. Abstract Figure. Trend of early mortality after ablation
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Affiliation(s)
- PS Yang
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JH Byun
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - JH Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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12
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Mahmood MA, Lee SG, Lee SH, Kim HN, Lee K, Ahmad I, Yang JM, Yoon JW, Lee HW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Choi IW, Nam CH. Calibration of radiochromic EBT3 film using laser-accelerated protons. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:023302. [PMID: 33648087 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a proof of principle for onsite calibration of a radiochromic film (EBT3) using CR-39 as an absolute proton-counting detector and laser-accelerated protons as a calibration source. A special detector assembly composed of aluminum range filters, an EBT3 film, and a CR-39 detector is used to expose the EBT3 film with protons in an energy range of 3.65 MeV-5.85 MeV. In our design, the proton beam is divided into small beamlets and their projection images are taken on the EBT3 film and the CR-39 detector by maintaining a certain distance between the two detectors. Owing to the geometrical factor of the configuration and scattering inside the EBT3, the areal number density of protons was kept below the saturation level of the CR-39 detector. We also present a method to relate the number of protons detected on the CR-39 in a narrow energy range to protons with a broad energy spectrum that contribute to the dose deposited in the EBT3 film. The energy spectrum of protons emitted along the target normal direction is simultaneously measured using another CR-39 detector installed in a Thomson parabola spectrometer. The calibration curves for the EBT3 film were obtained in the optical density range of 0.01-0.25 for low dose values of 0.1 Gy-3.0 Gy. Our results are in good agreement with the calibrations of the EBT3 film that are traditionally carried out using conventional accelerators. The method presented here can be further extended for onsite calibration of radiochromic films of other types and for a higher range of dose values.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahsan Mahmood
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Geun Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwa Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Lee
- Research Center for Ultrafast Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Izhar Ahmad
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Jeong Moon Yang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Yoon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kim YG, Lee HW, Im HB, Kim JI, Sung JH, Yoon JW, Lee SK, Nam CH. Analysis of angular dispersion induced by wavefront rotation in nanosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplification. Opt Express 2020; 28:38842-38856. [PMID: 33379444 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Angular dispersion observed in a nanosecond optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (ns-OPCPA) amplifier adopted in the frontend of a multi-PW laser was analyzed. The theory on the angular dispersion, extended by including the wavefront rotation and the pulse front tilt of a strongly chirped laser pulse, revealed that the wavefront rotation is a major contributor to the angular dispersion, as compared to the pulse front tilt, in a ns-OPCPA amplifier. It was also shown that the wavefront rotation could be introduced by the phase mismatch and the noncollinear propagation angle in the noncollinear ns-OPCPA amplifier. The theoretical prediction was experimentally verified by measuring the angular dispersion of the ns-OPCPA frontend installed in the 20-fs, 4-PW Ti:Sapphire laser. We emphasize the importance of the proper characterization and control of the angular dispersion in the ns-OPCPA amplifier since the focus intensity of an ultrahigh power laser could be significantly reduced due to the spatiotemporal effect even for small induced angular dispersion.
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14
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Choi IW, Jeon C, Lee SG, Kim SY, Kim TY, Kim IJ, Lee HW, Woo Yoon J, Sung JH, Lee SK, Nam CH. Highly efficient double plasma mirror producing ultrahigh-contrast multi-petawatt laser pulses. Opt Lett 2020; 45:6342-6345. [PMID: 33258807 DOI: 10.1364/ol.409749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly efficient double plasma mirror (DPM) that provides ultrahigh-contrast multi-petawatt (PW) laser pulses with a temporal contrast ratio reaching 1017 up to 160 ps and 1012 up to 2 ps before the main pulse. The high reflectivity of 70%, along with the high-contrast enhancement factor of 700,000, was achieved from the DPM installed after the final stage of a 4 PW Ti:sapphire laser. The 4 PW laser was equipped with cross-polarized wave generation and optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification stages for initial high-contrast operation. The DPM operation was undertaken with conditions that did not modify the spatiotemporal profiles of incident multi-PW laser pulses. This highly efficient DPM with the high-contrast enhancement promises the utilization of multiple PMs as a practical rear end for upcoming tens of petawatt lasers to achieve ultrahigh temporal contrast.
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15
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Singh PK, Pathak VB, Shin JH, Choi IW, Nakajima K, Lee SK, Sung JH, Lee HW, Rhee YJ, Aniculaesei C, Kim CM, Pae KH, Cho MH, Hojbota C, Lee SG, Mollica F, Malka V, Ryu CM, Kim HT, Nam CH. Electrostatic shock acceleration of ions in near-critical-density plasma driven by a femtosecond petawatt laser. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18452. [PMID: 33116228 PMCID: PMC7595239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the recent advances in ultrahigh intensity lasers, exotic astrophysical phenomena can be investigated in laboratory environments. Collisionless shock in a plasma, prevalent in astrophysical events, is produced when a strong electric or electromagnetic force induces a shock structure in a time scale shorter than the collision time of charged particles. A near-critical-density (NCD) plasma, generated with an intense femtosecond laser, can be utilized to excite a collisionless shock due to its efficient and rapid energy absorption. We present electrostatic shock acceleration (ESA) in experiments performed with a high-density helium gas jet, containing a small fraction of hydrogen, irradiated with a 30 fs, petawatt laser. The onset of ESA exhibited a strong dependence on plasma density, consistent with the result of particle-in-cell simulations on relativistic plasma dynamics. The mass-dependent ESA in the NCD plasma, confirmed by the preferential reflection of only protons with two times the shock velocity, opens a new possibility of selective acceleration of ions by electrostatic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar Singh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Joo Rhee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Constantin Aniculaesei
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Min Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Pae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Calin Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Geun Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Florian Mollica
- Amplitude Laser Group, 91090, Lisses, France.,Laboratoire D'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique, 828 Boulevard des Marechaux, 91762, Palaiseau CEDEX, France
| | - Victor Malka
- Laboratoire D'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique, 828 Boulevard des Marechaux, 91762, Palaiseau CEDEX, France.,Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chang-Mo Ryu
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Jang D, Sung JH, Lee SK, Kang C, Kim KY. Generation of 0.7 mJ multicycle 15 THz radiation by phase-matched optical rectification in lithium niobate. Opt Lett 2020; 45:3617-3620. [PMID: 32630913 DOI: 10.1364/ol.393913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient multicycle terahertz pulse generation at 14.6 THz from large-area lithium niobate crystals by using high-energy (up to 2 J) femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser pulses. Such terahertz radiation is produced by phase-matched optical rectification in lithium niobate. Experimentally, we achieve maximal terahertz energy of 0.71 mJ with conversion efficiency of ∼0.04%. Our experimental setup is simple and easily upscalable to produce multi-millijoule, multicycle terahertz radiation with proper lithium niobate crystals.
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17
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Jang D, Kang C, Lee SK, Sung JH, Kee CS, Kang SW, Kim KY. Scalable terahertz generation by large-area optical rectification at 80 TW laser power. Opt Lett 2019; 44:5634-5637. [PMID: 31730126 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.005634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-energy terahertz generation from a large-aperture (75-mm diameter) lithium niobate wafer by using a femtosecond laser with energy up to 2 J. This scheme utilizes optical rectification in a bulk lithium niobate crystal, where most terahertz energy is emitted from a thin layer of the rear surface. Despite its simple setup, this scheme can yield 0.19 mJ of terahertz energy with laser-to-terahertz conversion efficiencies of ∼10-4, about 3 times better than ZnTe when pumped at 800 nm. The experimental setup is upscalable for multimillijoule terahertz generation with petawatt laser pumping.
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Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Sung JH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Lip GYH, Joung B. 208Effect of hypertension duration and systolic blood pressure on dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a higher risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, with or without a history of clinical stroke. There are a paucity of data on the associations of hypertension duration and blood pressure (BP) level with risk of dementia in patients with AF.
Purpose
We examined associations of duration of hypertension and secondly, systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels with incidence of dementia among patients with AF.
Methods
We enrolled a total 196,388 patients aged ≥50 years who were newly diagnosed as AF and undergoing hypertension treatment from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2005–2016). Starting from AF diagnosis, participants were followed up until the date of dementia, death, or December 31, 2016. To incorporate the effect of BP level and hypertension duration changes over time on dementia incidence, we constructed time-updated multivariable Cox models in which BP levels and hypertension duration were updated at each participants' regular national health examination visits (at 0–7 years of follow-up). Similarly, age, BP medications, and health-related behaviors were included as time-varying covariates in these models.
Results
During 1,016,744 person-years of follow-up, there were 32,692 dementia events. A cubic spline curve using continuous hypertension duration measures suggested a linear association between increase of hypertension duration and dementia risk. One-year increase of hypertension duration increased the adjusted risk of dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.17 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.22]. In patients with hypertension duration <6 years, SBP of ≥140 mmHg was significantly associated with higher dementia risk, compared to SBP of <130 mmHg (in patients with hypertension duration <3 years: adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16; and in those with 3 ≤ hypertension duration <6 years: adjusted HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07–1.20), whereas no significant association between SBP and dementia risk in those with hypertension duration ≥6 years.
SBP and dementia in different duration
Conclusion
In patients with AF, the increase of hypertension duration was strongly associated with increased risk of dementia. Uncontrolled SBP was also associated with higher dementia risk. But, this effect of SBP might be attenuated in patients with longer hypertension duration. These findings suggest more emphasis needed on BP control in AF patients with earlier phase of hypertension (duration <6 years).
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2017R1A2B3003303) and the Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI16C0058, HI15C1200)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - P S Yang
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Sung JH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Lip GYH, Joung B. 64Risk of dementia in patients treated with non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulant or warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Evidence is accumulating that use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) decreases the risk of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but it is unclear if there is a difference between non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and warfarin in protecting against dementia.
Purpose
To compare the risk of dementia between patients taking either NOAC or warfarin using a nationwide cohort data covering the entire Korean population.
Methods
Using the Korean national health insurance service database, 68,984 new OAC users with non-valvular AF aged ≥50 years and no prior diagnosis of dementia were identified during the period of 2013–2016 (39,687 NOAC users and 29,297 warfarin users). Starting from OAC initiation, participants were followed up until the date of dementia, death, or December 31, 2016. We compared the rates of dementia in 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts of NOAC (n=18,925) and warfarin users (n=18,925).
Results
During the 52,259 person-years of follow-up, there were 2,750 dementia events. Use of NOAC was associated with significant lower risk of dementia [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.81], compared with warfarin. The risk reduction was prominent for vascular dementia (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.52–0.71), whereas there was no significant difference in the risk of Alzheimer dementia (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.83–1.02). Restricting the analyses to patients with no stroke diagnosis prior to OAC initiation (primary prevention) showed no significant difference between NOAC and warfarin in any types of dementia, but in the subgroup with prior stroke (secondary prevention), NOAC significantly reduced the risk of overall (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.63–0.78) and vascular dementia (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.49–0.69).
Subgroup analysis according to stroke Hx Patient N Overall dementia Alzheimer dementia Vascular dementia HR (95% CI) P for interaction HR (95% CI) P for interaction HR (95% CI) P for interaction Total 37,850 0.75 (0.69–0.81) 0.92 (0.83–1.02) 0.60 (0.52–0.71) Without prior stroke 24,773 0.90 (0.78–1.05) 0.948 0.98 (0.83–1.15) 0.235 0.85 (0.56–1.28) 0.863 With prior stroke 13,077 0.70 (0.63–0.78) 0.90 (0.79–1.03) 0.59 (0.49–0.69) CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio.
KM curves of dementia incidence
Conclusion
In this propensity-weighted nationwide cohort of non-valvular AF patients, NOAC was associated with reduced risk of dementia, compared with warfarin. This association was the most pronounced for vascular dementia in patients with prior stroke.
Acknowledgement/Funding
The Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2017R1A2B3003303) and the Korean Ministry of Health & Welfare (HI16C0058, HI15C1200)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - P S Yang
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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20
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Joung B, Yang PS, Sung JH, Jang ES, Yu HT, Kim TH, Pak HN, Lee MH. P345Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation is associated with lower incidence of stroke, major bleeding and death: data from Korean health registries. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy, catheter ablation of AF reduces the number of AF episodes, prolongs the time in sinus rhythm, and improves quality of life. However, it is still unclear if catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) affects the prognosis or merely is a symptomatic treatment. Our objective was to compare long-term outcome regarding stroke, major bleeding and death in AF patients with and without ablation, and in relation to long-term exposure to anticoagulants.
Methods
We identified all 800,084 patients with a diagnosis of AF from 2006 to 2015 in the Korean national health insurance service database. During a 10-year period, 10,979 AF ablations were performed among 9,768 individuals. Propensity scores for the likelihood of AF ablation were obtained by logistic regression. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to construct two cohorts of equal size (n=9,768) with similar characteristics in 16 dimensions.
Results
Patients who had undergone catheter ablation were younger (57.2 vs. 65.6 years, P<0.001) and healthier (mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores 2.5±1.7 vs. 3.6±2.1, P<0.001) than other patients with AF. Mean follow-up was 5.5±3.1 years. After propensity score matching, in the ablated group, 472 patients suffered ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SE) compared with 1,682 in the matched non-ablated (annual rates 2.92 vs. 1.10%, P<0.001). Major bleeding occurred in 439 and 1,219 patients in ablated and non-ablated (annual rates 2.07 vs. 1.01%, P<0.001). A total of 306 ablated and 1,439 non-ablated patients died (annual rates 2.31 vs. 0.69%, P<0.001). After multivariable adjustments, catheter ablation was associated with lower risk of ischemic stroke [hazard ratio (HR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.67), lower risk of major bleeding (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57–0.75) and with lower mortality risk (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.34–0.46). The reduction of stroke/SE and mortality was observed after AF ablation regardless thromboembolic risk. Major bleeding was reduced only among patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.59–0.84).
Conclusion
We found a strong association between ablation and survival. Ablation may be associated with lower incidence of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in patients with AF. The reduction of stroke/SE and mortality was observed regardless thromboembolic risk after AF ablation. But the risk of major bleeding was reduced only in patients with high thromboembolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joung
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - P S Yang
- CHA University, Cardiology, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Cardiology, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E S Jang
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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21
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Yang PS, Sung JH, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B. P1027The risk of dementia and catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with all forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Catheter ablation of AF reduces the number of AF episodes, prolongs the time in sinus rhythm, and improves quality of life. However, it is still unclear if catheter ablation for AF improve cognitive function and prevent dementia. Our objective was to compare long-term outcome regarding dementia and type of dementia in AF patients with and without ablation, and about long-term exposure to anticoagulants.
Methods
We identified all 801,701 patients with a diagnosis of AF from 2006 to 2015 in the Korean national health insurance service database. During ten years, 10,979 AF ablations were performed among 9,768 individuals. Propensity scores for the likelihood of AF ablation were obtained by logistic regression. Propensity score (PS) matching was used to construct two cohorts of equal size (n=9,768) with similar characteristics in 16 dimensions.
Results
Patients who had undergone catheter ablation were younger (57.2 vs. 65.6 years, P<0.001) and healthier (mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores 2.5±1.7 vs. 3.6±2.1, p<0.001) than other patients with AF. Mean follow-up was 5.5±3.1 years. After propensity score matching, in the ablated group, 184 patients suffered dementia compared with 650 in the matched non-ablated (annual rates 0.42 vs. 1.08%, P<0.001). While a total of 134 ablated and 379 non-ablated patients had Alzheimer disease (annual rates 0.31 vs. 0.62%, p<0.001), 40 ablated and 191 non-ablated patients had vascular disease (annual rates 0.09 vs. 0.31%, p<0.001). After multivariable adjustments, catheter ablation was associated with lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–0.58), lower risk of Alzheimer disease (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.79) and lower risk of vascular dementia (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.19–0.38). Although the reduction of dementia and Alzheimer disease was observed after AF ablation regardless of thromboembolic risk, vascular dementia was reduced only among patients with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.20–0.42).
The risk of dementia, RFCA vs. no-RFCA Type Propensity score matched ablation group vs. no ablation group adjusted HR (95% CI) P-value Overall dementia 0.46 (0.37–0.58) <0.001 Alzheimer dementia 0.61 (0.46–0.79) <0.001 Vascular dementia 0.27 (0.19–0.38) <0.001
Conclusion
Ablation may be associated with a lower incidence of dementia and both type of dementia in patients with AF. This finding appears more pronounced in patients with high thromboembolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Yang
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University Health System, cardiology, Seoul, Korea (Republic of)
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22
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Aniculaesei C, Pathak VB, Kim HT, Oh KH, Yoo BJ, Brunetti E, Jang YH, Hojbota CI, Shin JH, Jeon JH, Cho S, Cho MH, Sung JH, Lee SK, Hegelich BM, Nam CH. Electron energy increase in a laser wakefield accelerator using up-ramp plasma density profiles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11249. [PMID: 31375722 PMCID: PMC6677811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase velocity of the wakefield of a laser wakefield accelerator can, theoretically, be manipulated by shaping the longitudinal plasma density profile, thus controlling the parameters of the generated electron beam. We present an experimental method where using a series of shaped longitudinal plasma density profiles we increased the mean electron peak energy more than 50%, from 175 ± 1 MeV to 262 ± 10 MeV and the maximum peak energy from 182 MeV to 363 MeV. The divergence follows closely the change of mean energy and decreases from 58.9 ± 0.45 mrad to 12.6 ± 1.2 mrad along the horizontal axis and from 35 ± 0.3 mrad to 8.3 ± 0.69 mrad along the vertical axis. Particle-in-cell simulations show that a ramp in a plasma density profile can affect the evolution of the wakefield, thus qualitatively confirming the experimental results. The presented method can increase the electron energy for a fixed laser power and at the same time offer an energy tunable source of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Aniculaesei
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwan Oh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ju Yoo
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Department of Physics, Glasgow, G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Ha Jang
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Calin Ioan Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Jeon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongha Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Björn Manuel Hegelich
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yoon JW, Jeon C, Shin J, Lee SK, Lee HW, Choi IW, Kim HT, Sung JH, Nam CH. Achieving the laser intensity of 5.5×10 22 W/cm 2 with a wavefront-corrected multi-PW laser. Opt Express 2019; 27:20412-20420. [PMID: 31510135 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The generation of ultrahigh intensity laser pulses was investigated by tightly focusing a wavefront-corrected multi-petawatt Ti:sapphire laser. For the wavefront correction of the PW laser, two stages of deformable mirrors were employed. The multi-PW laser beam was tightly focused by an f/1.6 off-axis parabolic mirror and the focal spot profile was measured. After the wavefront correction, the Strehl ratio was about 0.4, and the spot size in full width at half maximum was 1.5×1.8 μm2, close to the diffraction-limited value. The measured peak intensity was 5.5×1022 W/cm2, achieving the highest laser intensity ever reached.
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24
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Ma WJ, Kim IJ, Yu JQ, Choi IW, Singh PK, Lee HW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Lin C, Liao Q, Zhu JG, Lu HY, Liu B, Wang HY, Xu RF, He XT, Chen JE, Zepf M, Schreiber J, Yan XQ, Nam CH. Laser Acceleration of Highly Energetic Carbon Ions Using a Double-Layer Target Composed of Slightly Underdense Plasma and Ultrathin Foil. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:014803. [PMID: 31012707 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the experimental generation of highly energetic carbon ions up to 48 MeV per nucleon by shooting double-layer targets composed of well-controlled slightly underdense plasma and ultrathin foils with ultraintense femtosecond laser pulses. Particle-in-cell simulations reveal that carbon ions are ejected from the ultrathin foils due to radiation pressure and then accelerated in an enhanced sheath field established by the superponderomotive electron flow. Such a cascaded acceleration is especially suited for heavy ion acceleration with femtosecond laser pulses. The breakthrough of heavy ion energy up to many tens of MeV/u at a high repetition rate would be able to trigger significant advances in nuclear physics, high energy density physics, and medical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Jong Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - J Q Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - P K Singh
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - C Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Q Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J G Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - H Y Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - B Liu
- Max-Planck-Institute für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - H Y Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - R F Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X T He
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - J E Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz-Institut-Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for Plasma Physics, Queens University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - J Schreiber
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - X Q Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, and Key Laboratory of HEDP of the Ministry of Education, CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Korea
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25
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Lee HW, Kim YG, Yoo JY, Yoon JW, Yang JM, Lim H, Nam CH, Sung JH, Lee SK. Spectral shaping of an OPCPA preamplifier for a sub-20-fs multi-PW laser. Opt Express 2018; 26:24775-24783. [PMID: 30469589 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed an OPCPA preamplifier with an actively shaped output spectrum to obtain a sub-20-fs-duration pulse for a 4-PW laser. The active spectral shaping was facilitated by controlling the temporal profile of a pump pulse in the OPCPA preamplifier. By optimizing the output spectrum of the OPCPA to compensate for the gain-depletion effect in the 4-PW laser, a final laser pulse with a broad spectrum of 101-nm in width (FWHM), resulting in a short pulse duration of 17 fs, was achieved.
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26
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Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Sung JH, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Lip GYH. P1195Current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in korea. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - P S Yang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Sung
- Bundang CHA General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - GYH Lip
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Kim D, Yang PS, Jang E, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Sung JH, Joung B, Lip GYH. P1196Increasing trends in hospital-care burden of atrial fibrillation in korea, 2006 through 2015: implications for healthcare planning. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - P S Yang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Sung
- Bundang CHA General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - GYH Lip
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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28
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Yu HT, Yang PS, Hwang J, Ryu S, Jang E, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Sung JH, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Lip GYH. P378Influence of reimbursement of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants on overall prescription rates of oral anticoagulation: A nationwide study using the Korean National Health Insurance Data. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H T Yu
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - P S Yang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Hwang
- Daegu University, Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Gyeongsan, Korea Republic of
| | - S Ryu
- Daegu University, Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Gyeongsan, Korea Republic of
| | - E Jang
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - GYH Lip
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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29
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Lim YM, Yang PS, Jang ES, Yu HT, Kim TH, Uhm JS, Sung JH, Kim JY, Pak HN, Lee MH, Joung B, Lip GYH. 1009Body mass index variability and long-term risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the general population: a korean nationwide cohort study. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lim
- SAM medical center, Anyang, Korea Republic of
| | - P S Yang
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - E S Jang
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H T Yu
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J H Sung
- CHA University, Seongnam, Korea Republic of
| | - J Y Kim
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H N Pak
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - M H Lee
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B Joung
- Yonsei Cardiovascular Center, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - GYH Lip
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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30
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Kim HT, Pathak VB, Hong Pae K, Lifschitz A, Sylla F, Shin JH, Hojbota C, Lee SK, Sung JH, Lee HW, Guillaume E, Thaury C, Nakajima K, Vieira J, Silva LO, Malka V, Nam CH. Stable multi-GeV electron accelerator driven by waveform-controlled PW laser pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10203. [PMID: 28860579 PMCID: PMC5579019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievable energy and the stability of accelerated electron beams have been the most critical issues in laser wakefield acceleration. As laser propagation, plasma wave formation and electron acceleration are highly nonlinear processes, the laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is extremely sensitive to initial experimental conditions. We propose a simple and elegant waveform control method for the LWFA process to enhance the performance of a laser electron accelerator by applying a fully optical and programmable technique to control the chirp of PW laser pulses. We found sensitive dependence of energy and stability of electron beams on the spectral phase of laser pulses and obtained stable 2-GeV electron beams from a 1-cm gas cell of helium. The waveform control technique for LWFA would prompt practical applications of centimeter-scale GeV-electron accelerators to a compact radiation sources in the x-ray and γ-ray regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - V B Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Ki Hong Pae
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - A Lifschitz
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - F Sylla
- SourceLAB SAS, 86 rue de Paris, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - C Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Seong Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea.,Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hwang Woon Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - E Guillaume
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - C Thaury
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - J Vieira
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - L O Silva
- GoLP/Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V Malka
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée (LOA), ENSTA ParisTech, CNRS UMR7639, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 828 Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762, Palaiseau, France. .,Weizmann Institue for Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Departement of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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Krivit W, Sung JH, Shapiro EG, Lockman LA. Microglia: The Effector Cell for Reconstitution of the Central Nervous System following Bone Marrow Transplantation for Lysosomal and Peroxisomal Storage Diseases. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:385-92. [PMID: 7582569 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment and potential cure of lysosomal and peroxisomal diseases, heretofore considered fatal, has become a reality during the past decade. Bone marrow transplantation, (BMT), has provided a method for replacement of the disease-causing enzyme deficiency. Cells derived from the donor marrow continue to provide enzyme indefinitely. Several scores of patients with diseases as diverse as metachromatic leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, globoid cell leukodystrophy, Hurler syndrome (MPS I-H), Maroteaux-Lamy (MPS VI) Gaucher disease, and fucosidosis have been successfully treated following long-term engraftment. Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations are also prevented or ameliorated in animal models of these diseases following engraftment from normal donors. The microglial cell system has been considered to be the most likely vehicle for enzyme activity following bone marrow engraftment. Microglia in the mature animal or human are derived from the newly engrafted bone marrow. Graft-v-host disease activation of the microglia is also of importance. This article will summarize some of the pertinent literature relative to the role of microglia in such transplant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krivit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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Sung JH, Lee HW, Yoo JY, Yoon JW, Lee CW, Yang JM, Son YJ, Jang YH, Lee SK, Nam CH. 4.2 PW, 20 fs Ti:sapphire laser at 0.1 Hz. Opt Lett 2017; 42:2058-2061. [PMID: 28569844 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the generation of 4.2 PW laser pulses at 0.1 Hz from a chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser. The cross-polarized wave generation and the optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification stages were installed for the prevention of the gain narrowing and for the compensation of the spectral narrowing in the amplifiers, obtaining the spectral width of amplified laser pulses of 84 nm (FWHM), and enhancing the temporal contrast. The amplified laser pulses of 112 J after the final booster amplifier were compressed to the pulses with 83 J at 19.4 fs with a shot-to-shot energy stability of 1.5% (RMS). This 4.2 PW laser will be a workhorse for exploring high field science.
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Ter-Avetisyan S, Andreev A, Platonov K, Sung JH, Lee SK, Lee HW, Yoo JY, Singh PK, Ahmed H, Scullion C, Kakolee KF, Jeong TW, Hadjisolomou P, Borghesi M. Surface modulation and back reflection from foil targets irradiated by a Petawatt femtosecond laser pulse at oblique incidence. Opt Express 2016; 24:28104-28112. [PMID: 27906375 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A significant level of back reflected laser energy was measured during the interaction of ultra-short, high contrast PW laser pulses with solid targets at 30° incidence. 2D PIC simulations carried out for the experimental conditions show that at the laser-target interface a dynamic regular structure is generated during the interaction, which acts as a grating (quasi-grating) and reflects back a significant amount of incident laser energy. With increasing laser intensity above 1018 W/cm2 the back reflected fraction increases due to the growth of the surface modulation to larger amplitudes. Above 1020 W/cm2 this increase results in the partial destruction of the quasi-grating structure and, hence, in the saturation of the back reflection efficiency. The PIC simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental findings, and, additionally, demonstrate that in presence of a small amount of pre-plasma this regular structure will be smeared out and the back reflection reduced.
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Jeon KS, Sung JH, Lee MW, Song HY, Shin HY, Park WH, Jang YI, Kang MG, Choi YH, Lee JS, Ko DH, Ryu HY. A Study of Piezoelectric Field Related Strain Difference in GaN-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes Grown on Silicon(111) and Sapphire Substrates. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2016; 16:1798-1801. [PMID: 27433673 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2016.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the strain difference in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells of blue light-emitting diode (LED) structures grown on silicon(1 11) and c-plane sapphire substrates by comparing the strength of piezo-electric fields in MQWs. The piezo-electric fields for two LED samples grown on silicon and sapphire substrates are measured by using the reverse-bias electro-reflectance (ER) spectroscopy. The flat-band voltage is obtained by measuring the applied reverse bias voltage that induces a phase inversion in the ER spectra, which is used to calculate the strength of piezo-electric fields. The piezo-electric field is determined to be 1.36 MV/cm for the LED on silicon substrate and 1.83 MV/cm for the LED on sapphire substrate. The ER measurement results indicate that the strain-induced piezo-electric field is greatly reduced in the LED grown on silicon substrates consistent with previous strain measurement results by micro-Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
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Jeon JH, Nakajima K, Kim HT, Rhee YJ, Pathak VB, Cho MH, Shin JH, Yoo BJ, Hojbota C, Jo SH, Shin KW, Sung JH, Lee SK, Cho BI, Choi IW, Nam CH. A broadband gamma-ray spectrometry using novel unfolding algorithms for characterization of laser wakefield-generated betatron radiation. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:123116. [PMID: 26724015 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a high-flux, broadband gamma-ray spectrometry capable of characterizing the betatron radiation spectrum over the photon energy range from 10 keV to 20 MeV with respect to the peak photon energy, spectral bandwidth, and unique discrimination from background radiations, using a differential filtering spectrometer and the unfolding procedure based on the Monte Carlo code GEANT4. These properties are experimentally verified by measuring betatron radiation from a cm-scale laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) driven by a 1-PW laser, using a differential filtering spectrometer consisting of a 15-filter and image plate stack. The gamma-ray spectra were derived by unfolding the photostimulated luminescence (PSL) values recorded on the image plates, using the spectrometer response matrix modeled with the Monte Carlo code GEANT4. The accuracy of unfolded betatron radiation spectra was assessed by unfolding the test PSL data simulated with GEANT4, showing an ambiguity of less than 20% and clear discrimination from the background radiation with less than 10%. The spectral analysis of betatron radiation from laser wakefield-accelerated electron beams with energies up to 3 GeV revealed radiation spectra characterized by synchrotron radiation with the critical photon energy up to 7 MeV. The gamma-ray spectrometer and unfolding method presented here facilitate an in-depth understanding of betatron radiation from LWFA process and a novel radiation source of high-quality photon beams in the MeV regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Jeon
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Kazuhisa Nakajima
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Yong Joo Rhee
- Nuclear Data Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea
| | - Vishwa Bandhu Pathak
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Myung Hoon Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jung Hun Shin
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Byung Ju Yoo
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Calin Hojbota
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Jo
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Kang Woo Shin
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Byeoung Ick Cho
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Il Woo Choi
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Jeon KS, Sung JH, Lee MW, Song HY, Lee EA, Kim SO, Choi HJ, Shin HY, Park WH, Jang YI, Kang MG, Choi YH, Lee JS, Ko DH, Ryu HY. Comparison of Strain in GaN-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diode Grown on Silicon(111) and Sapphire Substrates. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:5264-5266. [PMID: 26373120 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.10408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compare the strain states and device performances of GaN-based blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on Si(111) and sapphire substrates. The strain characteristics are investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. These analyses reveal that GaN layer grown on Si has a residual tensile strain in contrast to a compressive strain for GaN on sapphire, and quantum wells (QWs) on GaN/Si experience reduced lattice mismatch than those of GaN/sapphire. When external quantum efficiencies of LED on sapphire and Si substrates are compared, the LED on Si shows better efficiency droop characteristics and this is attributed to a decrease in piezo-electric field strength in InGaN/GaN layers owing to reduced lattice mismatch.
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Yun H, Lee KM, Sung JH, Kim KT, Kim HT, Nam CH. Resolving multiple molecular orbitals using two-dimensional high-harmonic spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:153901. [PMID: 25933315 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.153901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-harmonic radiation emitted from molecules in a strong laser field contains information on molecular structure and dynamics. When multiple molecular orbitals participate in high-harmonic generation, resolving the contribution of each orbital is crucial for understanding molecular dynamics and for extending high-harmonic spectroscopy to more complicated molecules. We show that two-dimensional high-harmonic spectroscopy can resolve high-harmonic radiation emitted from the two highest-occupied molecular orbitals, HOMO and HOMO-1, of aligned molecules. By the application of an orthogonally polarized two-color laser field that consists of the fundamental and its second-harmonic fields to aligned CO2 molecules, the characteristics attributed to the two orbitals are found to be separately imprinted in odd and even harmonics. Two-dimensional high-harmonic spectroscopy may open a new route to investigate ultrafast molecular dynamics during chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Yun
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Taek Kim
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Nam
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Sung JH, Kim EJ, Chung N. Berberine induces apoptosis via ROS generation in PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 pancreatic cell lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 48:111-9. [PMID: 25517919 PMCID: PMC4321216 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Gemcitabine is widely
used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but the
prognosis is still poor. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from a variety
of natural herbs, possesses a variety of pharmacological properties including
anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects of
berberine and compared its use with that of gemcitabine in the pancreatic cancer cell
lines PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2. Berberine inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent
manner by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. After berberine treatment, the G1
phase of PANC-1 cells increased by 10% compared to control cells, and the G1 phase of
MIA-PaCa2 cells was increased by 2%. Whereas gemcitabine exerts antiproliferation
effects through S-phase arrest, our results showed that berberine inhibited
proliferation by inducing G1-phase arrest. Berberine-induced apoptosis of PANC-1 and
MIA-PaCa2 cells increased by 7 and 2% compared to control cells, respectively.
Notably, berberine had a greater apoptotic effect in PANC-1 cells than gemcitabine.
Upon treatment of PANC-1 and MIA-PaCa2 with berberine at a half-maximal inhibitory
concentration (IC50), apoptosis was induced by a mechanism that involved
the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than caspase 3/7 activation.
Our findings showed that berberine had anti-cancer effects and may be an effective
drug for pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Sung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - E J Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Ansan University, Ansan, Korea
| | - N Chung
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Jang DK, Lee KS, Rha HK, Huh PW, Yang JH, Park IS, Ahn JG, Sung JH, Han YM. Clinical and angiographic features and stroke types in adult moyamoya disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1124-31. [PMID: 24384121 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study was conducted to elucidate the association between clinical and angiographic characteristics and stroke types in adult Moyamoya disease that has been rarely evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinical and radiologic data obtained from a retrospective adult Moyamoya disease cohort with acute strokes, which were classified into 7 categories: large-artery infarct, hemodynamic infarct, perforator infarct, deep intracerebral hemorrhage, lobar intracerebral hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and SAH. With conventional angiography, which was performed in the hemispheres with acute strokes, the Suzuki angiographic stage, intracranial aneurysm, major artery occlusion, and collateral vessel development were confirmed within 1 month of stroke onset. RESULTS This study included 79 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 96 patients with acute hemorrhagic stroke. The angiographic stage had a strong tendency to be more advanced in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic patients (P = .061). Intracranial aneurysms were more frequently found in the hemorrhagic than ischemic or control hemispheres (P = .002). Occlusions of the anterior cerebral artery and development of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery were more frequently observed in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic (P = .001 and .01, respectively) or control hemispheres (P = .011 and .013, respectively). MCA occlusion (P = .039) and collateral flow development, including the ethmoidal Moyamoya vessels (P = .036) and transdural anastomosis of the external carotid artery (P = .022), occurred more often in the hemorrhagic than the ischemic hemispheres. Anterior cerebral artery occlusion occurred more frequently in patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage or intraventricular hemorrhage than with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS In adult Moyamoya disease, major artery occlusion and collateral compensation occurred more often in the hemorrhagic than in the ischemic hemispheres. Thus, anterior cerebral artery occlusion with or without MCA occlusion and intracranial aneurysms may be the main contributing factors to hemorrhagic stroke in adult patients with Moyamoya disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-K Jang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (D.-K.J., Y.-M.H.), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - K-S Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery (K.-S.L.), Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H K Rha
- Department of Neurosurgery (H.K.R.), Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-W Huh
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.-W.H.), Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - J-H Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.-H.Y.), Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - I S Park
- Department of Neurosurgery (I.S.P.), Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - J-G Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.-G.A.), St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.H.S.), St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y-M Han
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (D.-K.J., Y.-M.H.), Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
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Kim IJ, Pae KH, Kim CM, Kim HT, Sung JH, Lee SK, Yu TJ, Choi IW, Lee CL, Nam KH, Nickles PV, Jeong TM, Lee J. Transition of proton energy scaling using an ultrathin target irradiated by linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:165003. [PMID: 24182274 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.165003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Particle acceleration using ultraintense, ultrashort laser pulses is one of the most attractive topics in relativistic laser-plasma research. We report proton and/or ion acceleration in the intensity range of 5×10(19) to 3.3×10(20) W/cm2 by irradiating linearly polarized, 30-fs laser pulses on 10-to 100-nm-thick polymer targets. The proton energy scaling with respect to the intensity and target thickness is examined, and a maximum proton energy of 45 MeV is obtained when a 10-nm-thick target is irradiated by a laser intensity of 3.3×10(20) W/cm2. The proton acceleration is explained by a hybrid acceleration mechanism including target normal sheath acceleration, radiation pressure acceleration, and Coulomb explosion assisted-free expansion. The transition of proton energy scaling from I(1/2) to I is observed as a consequence of the hybrid acceleration mechanism. The experimental results are supported by two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jong Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea and Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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Kim HT, Pae KH, Cha HJ, Kim IJ, Yu TJ, Sung JH, Lee SK, Jeong TM, Lee J. Enhancement of electron energy to the multi-GeV regime by a dual-stage laser-wakefield accelerator pumped by petawatt laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:165002. [PMID: 24182273 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Laser-wakefield acceleration offers the promise of a compact electron accelerator for generating a multi-GeV electron beam using the huge field gradient induced by an intense laser pulse, compared to conventional rf accelerators. However, the energy and quality of the electron beam from the laser-wakefield accelerator have been limited by the power of the driving laser pulses and interaction properties in the target medium. Recent progress in laser technology has resulted in the realization of a petawatt (PW) femtosecond laser, which offers new capabilities for research on laser-wakefield acceleration. Here, we present a significant increase in laser-driven electron energy to the multi-GeV level by utilizing a 30-fs, 1-PW laser system. In particular, a dual-stage laser-wakefield acceleration scheme (injector and accelerator scheme) was applied to boost electron energies to over 3 GeV with a single PW laser pulse. Three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations corroborate the multi-GeV electron generation from the dual-stage laser-wakefield accelerator driven by PW laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Taek Kim
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Korea and Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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Margarone D, Klimo O, Kim IJ, Prokůpek J, Limpouch J, Jeong TM, Mocek T, Pšikal J, Kim HT, Proška J, Nam KH, Stolcová L, Choi IW, Lee SK, Sung JH, Yu TJ, Korn G. Laser-driven proton acceleration enhancement by nanostructured foils. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:234801. [PMID: 23368211 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.234801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured thin plastic foils have been used to enhance the mechanism of laser-driven proton beam acceleration. In particular, the presence of a monolayer of polystyrene nanospheres on the target front side has drastically enhanced the absorption of the incident 100 TW laser beam, leading to a consequent increase in the maximum proton energy and beam charge. The cutoff energy increased by about 60% for the optimal spheres' diameter of 535 nm in comparison to the planar foil. The total number of protons with energies higher than 1 MeV was increased approximately 5 times. To our knowledge this is the first experimental demonstration of such advanced target geometry. Experimental results are interpreted and discussed by means of 2(1/2)-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Margarone
- Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines/HiLASE project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
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Ihn YK, Kim SH, Sung JH, Kim TG. The efficacy of endovascular treatment of ruptured blood blister-like aneurysms using stent-assisted coil embolization. Interv Neuroradiol 2012; 18:432-41. [PMID: 23217638 DOI: 10.1177/159101991201800409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report our experience with endovascular treatment and follow-up results of a ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm (BBA) in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. We performed a retrospective review of ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm patients over a 30-month period. Seven patients (men/women, 2/5; mean age, 45.6 years) with ruptured BBAs were included from two different institutions. The angiographic findings, treatment strategies, and the clinical (modified Rankin Scale) and angiographic outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. All seven BBAs were located in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery. Four of them were ≥ 3 mm in largest diameter. Primary stent-assisted coiling was performed in six out of seven patients, and double stenting was done in one patient. In four patients, the coiling was augmented by overlapping stent insertion. Two patients experienced early re-hemorrhage, including one major fatal SAH. Complementary treatment was required in two patients, including coil embolization and covered-stent placement, respectively. Six of the seven BBAs showed complete or progressive occlusion at the time of late angiographic follow-up. The clinical midterm outcome was good (mRS scores, 0 -1) in five patients. Stent-assisted coiling of a ruptured BBA is technically challenging but can be done with good midterm results. However, as early re-growth/re-rupture remains a problem, repeated, short-term angiographic follow-up is required so that additional treatment can be performed as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Ihn
- Department of Radiology, St.Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea.
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Kang HC, Kim HT, Kim SS, Kim C, Yu TJ, Lee SK, Kim CM, Kim IJ, Sung JH, Janulewicz KA, Lee J, Noh DY. Single-pulse coherent diffraction imaging using soft x-ray laser. Opt Lett 2012; 37:1688-1690. [PMID: 22627538 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) using a single 8 ps soft x-ray laser pulse at a wavelength of 13.9 nm. The soft x-ray pulse was generated by a laboratory-scale intense pumping laser providing coherent x-ray pulses up to the level of 10(11) photons/pulse. A spatial resolution below 194 nm was achieved with a single pulse, and it was shown that a resolution below 55 nm is feasible with improved detector capability. The single-pulse CDI might provide a way to investigate dynamics of nanoscale molecules or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyon Chol Kang
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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Yu TJ, Lee SK, Sung JH, Yoon JW, Jeong TM, Lee J. Generation of high-contrast, 30 fs, 1.5 PW laser pulses from chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser. Opt Express 2012; 20:10807-10815. [PMID: 22565704 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High-contrast, 30 fs, 1.5 PW laser pulses are generated from a chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) Ti:sapphire laser system at 0.1 Hz repetition rate. The maximum output energy of 60.2 J is obtained, at a pump energy of 120 J, from a booster amplifier that is pumped by four frenquency-doubled Nd:glass laser systems. During amplification, parasitic lasing is suppressed by index matching fluid with absorption dye and the careful manipulation of the time delay between the seed and pump pulses. An amplified pulse passes through a pulse compressor consisting of four gold-coated gratings. After compression, the measured pulse duration is 30 fs, and the output energy is 44.5 J, yielding a peak power of about 1.5 PW. The output energy of 44.5 J and output power of 1.5-PW are the highest values ever achieved from the femtosecond CPA Ti:sapphire laser system. To maintain a sufficiently high temporal contrast, a saturable absorber is installed in the front-end system with two ultrafast Pockels cells in order to minimize the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and pre-pulse intensity. An adaptive optics system is implemented for PW laser pulses and a focused intensity of about 1 × 10(22) W/cm(2) can be obtained when an f/3 optic is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Yu
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute, GIST, Gwangju, South Korea
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Ihn YK, Sung JH, Kim BS. Intravenous Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor (Tirofiban) Followed by Low-Dose Intra-Arterial Urokinase and Mechanical Thrombolysis for the Treatment of Acute Stroke. Neuroradiol J 2011; 24:907-13. [PMID: 24059896 DOI: 10.1177/197140091102400614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined use of IV tirofiban and IA urokinase and/or mechanical thrombolysis for treating acute stroke patients. Thirteen, consecutive patients treated with IV tirofiban and IA thrombolysis with mechanical and/or local IA urokinase infusion were evaluated retrospectively. The amount of time before the beginning of treatment, urokinase dose, recanalization rates, and symptomatic hemorrhage were analyzed. Clinical outcome measures were assessed on admission, at discharge (National Institute of Health Stroke scale [NIHSS]), and three months after the end of their treatment (modified Rankin Scale scores [mRS]). There were 11 patients with internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusion treated within six hours of the onset of symptoms and two patients with basilar artery occlusion treated within 12 hours of their symptom onset. The median NIHSS score on admission was 18. The median amount of time from symptom onset to IV tirofiban infusion was 135 minutes, and the median time from symptom onset to IA therapy was 180 minutes. The median dose of urokinase was 200,000 U. Recanalization (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 2 or 3) was achieved in 11 patients. No procedure-related complications were observed. There was one symptomatic hemorrhage. At discharge, the mean NIHSS score was 6.6 (range, 0-15). Overall, at the time of the three-month follow-up the functional outcome was favorable (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) in eight out of 13 (62%) patients. Death at 90 days occurred in two of the 13 (15%) patients. Combined IV tirofiban and IA thrombolysis with mechanical clot disruption seems to be a feasible treatment in acute stroke and may be successful in re-establishing vessel patency and result in a good functional outcome in patients with major cerebral arteries occlusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Ihn
- Department of Radiology, St.Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea; Suwon, Korea -
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Sung JH, Kwak IS, Park SK, Kim HI, Lim HS, Park HJ, Kim SH. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of N-nitrosamines released from rubber or elastomer teats and soothers. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2011; 27:1745-54. [PMID: 21108095 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2010.508184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method as an alternative to a gas chromatography-thermal energy analyser (GC-TEA) method recommended by the European Committee on Standardization (CEN) was validated for the simultaneous determination of eight N-nitrosamines released into artificial saliva from rubber or elastomer teats and soothers. N-nitroso-dipropylamine-d₁₄ (NDPA-d₁₄) was used as internal standard for accurate quantification. The method was validated with relatively good analytical results, including sufficiently low limits of detection (0.1-2 µg kg⁻¹) of sample) and good linearity (r²> 0.99) throughout the studied concentration ranges. Intra- and inter-day precisions expressed with the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) were 3.4-8.0% and 4.4-11.3%, which were below the performance criteria based on one-half of the value derived from the Horwitz value. It was also found that the LC-MS/MS method is sufficiently rugged and successfully applicable to its routine analysis for the compliance test of Commission Directive 93/11/EEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sung
- National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Eungpyung-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We report on the generation of 1.0 PW, 30 fs laser pulses at a 0.1 Hz repetition rate from a chirped-pulse amplification Ti:sapphire laser system. The energy of the laser pulses is amplified up to 47 J in a final three-pass booster amplifier having 96 J pump energy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first petawatt Ti:sapphire laser system at a 0.1 Hz repetition rate. The shot-to-shot energy fluctuation of the laser pulses is as low as 0.53% in rms value, and the laser pulses have homogeneous flattop spatial beam profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Sung
- Center for Femto-Atto Science and Technology & Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), GIST, Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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Choi IW, Kim CM, Sung JH, Yu TJ, Lee SK, Kim IJ, Jin YY, Jeong TM, Hafz N, Pae KH, Noh YC, Ko DK, Yogo A, Pirozhkov AS, Ogura K, Orimo S, Sagisaka A, Nishiuchi M, Daito I, Oishi Y, Iwashita Y, Nakamura S, Nemoto K, Noda A, Daido H, Lee J. Ion spectrometer composed of time-of-flight and Thomson parabola spectrometers for simultaneous characterization of laser-driven ions. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:053302. [PMID: 19485501 DOI: 10.1063/1.3131628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An ion spectrometer, composed of a time-of-flight spectrometer (TOFS) and a Thomson parabola spectrometer (TPS), has been developed to measure energy spectra and to analyze species of laser-driven ions. Two spectrometers can be operated simultaneously, thereby facilitate to compare the independently measured data and to combine advantages of each spectrometer. Real-time and shot-to-shot characterizations have been possible with the TOFS, and species of ions can be analyzed with the TPS. The two spectrometers show very good agreement of maximum proton energy even for a single laser shot. The composite ion spectrometer can provide two complementary spectra measured by TOFS with a large solid angle and TPS with a small one for the same ion source, which are useful to estimate precise total ion number and to investigate fine structure of energy spectrum at high energy depending on the detection position and solid angle. Advantage and comparison to other online measurement system, such as the TPS equipped with microchannel plate, are discussed in terms of overlay of ion species, high-repetition rate operation, detection solid angle, and detector characteristics of imaging plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Choi
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute and Center for Femto-Atto Science and Technology, GIST, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been studied in regenerative medicine because of their unique immunologic characteristics. However, before clinical application in humans, animal models are needed to confirm their safety and efficacy. To date, appropriate methods and sources to obtain mouse MSCs have not been identified. Therefore, we investigated MSCs isolated from 3 strains of mice and 3 sources for the development of MSCs in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male BALB/c, C3H and C57BL/6 mice were used to isolate MSCs from various tissues including bone marrow (BM), compact bone, and adipose tissue. The MSCs were maintained in StemXVivo medium. Immunophenotypes of the MSCs were analyzed by FACS and their growth potential estimated by the number of colony-forming unit fibroblasts. RESULTS All MSCs that were isolated from BM, compact bone, and adipose tissue showed plastic-adherent, fibroblastic-like morphologic characteristics regardless of the mouse strain or cell source. However, culture of BM MSCs was less successful than the other tissue types. The FACS phenotype analysis revealed that the MSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, CD105, and Sca-1, but negative for CD34, TER-119, CD45, and CD11b. According to the results of the characterization, the adipose tissue MSCs showed higher growth potential than did other MSCs. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that culture of adipose tissue and compact bone-MSCs was easier than BM MSCs. Based on the results of immunophenotype and growth potential, C57BL/6 AT-MSCs might be a suitable source to establish a mouse model of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Sung
- Transplantation Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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