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Cele ZED, Matshe W, Mdlalose L, Setshedi K, Malatji K, Mkhwanazi NP, Ntombela T, Balogun M. Cationic Chitosan Derivatives for the Inactivation of HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 Enveloped Viruses. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31714-31724. [PMID: 37692209 PMCID: PMC10483524 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cationic chitosan derivatives have been widely studied as potential antimicrobial agents. However, very little is known about their antiviral activity and mode of action against enveloped viruses. We investigated the ability of hydroxypropanoic acid-grafted chitosan (HPA-CS) and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) to inactivate enveloped viruses like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The membrane-disrupting potential of the chitosan derivatives was initially investigated in a hemolysis assay. At 1.0 mg/mL, about 80% hemolysis was observed for the cationic chitosan derivatives, which was significant when compared to almost no membrane-disrupting activity by the unmodified chitosan. Virus inhibition was evaluated using the luciferase-based antiviral assay against the HIV-1 NL4.3 virus (400 TCID). The IC50 of HPA-CS was 4.109 mg/mL, while the HTCC showed a higher antiviral activity at an IC50 = 0.225 mg/mL. For practical application, the antiviral efficacies of the HTCC-coated and uncoated nonmedical masks were evaluated for SARS- CoV-2 virus capture. The coated masks demonstrated an almost excellent performance with nearly 100% viral inhibition compared to less than 60% inhibition by the uncoated masks. Molecular docking predictions suggest that the HTCC polymers interact with the viral spike protein, blocking the coronavirus interaction with the target host cell's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 cellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamani E. D. Cele
- Bio-Polymer
Modification and Advanced Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures
and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - William Matshe
- Bio-Polymer
Modification and Advanced Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures
and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - Lindani Mdlalose
- Bio-Polymer
Modification and Advanced Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures
and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - Katlego Setshedi
- Bio-Polymer
Modification and Advanced Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures
and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - Kanyane Malatji
- Emerging
Research Area Platform, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo Prudence Mkhwanazi
- College
of Health Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science,
HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of
KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4041 South Africa
| | - Thandokuhle Ntombela
- Faculty
of Science, School of Chemistry, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 00000, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Balogun
- Bio-Polymer
Modification and Advanced Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures
and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific
and Industrial Research, Pretoria, Gauteng 0001, South Africa
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Matshe WMR, Tshweu LL, Mvango S, Cele ZED, Chetty AS, Pilcher LA, Famuyide IM, McGaw LJ, Taylor D, Gibhard L, Basarab GS, Balogun MO. A Water-Soluble Polymer-Lumefantrine Conjugate for the Intravenous Treatment of Severe Malaria. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200518. [PMID: 36999404 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncomplicated malaria is effectively treated with oral artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). Yet, there is an unmet clinical need for the intravenous treatment of the more fatal severe malaria. There is no combination intravenous therapy for uncomplicated due to the nonavailability of a water-soluble partner drug for the artemisinin, artesunate. The currently available treatment is a two-part regimen split into an intravenous artesunate followed by the conventional oral ACT . In a novel application of polymer therapeutics, the aqueous insoluble antimalarial lumefantrine is conjugated to a carrier polymer to create a new water-soluble chemical entity suitable for intravenous administration in a clinically relevant formulation . The conjugate is characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques, and the aqueous solubility of lumefantrine is determined to have increased by three orders of magnitude. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice indicate that there is a significant plasma release of lumefantrine and production its metabolite desbutyl-lumefantrine (area under the curve of metabolite is ≈10% that of the parent). In a Plasmodium falciparum malaria mouse model, parasitemia clearance is 50% higher than that of reference unconjugated lumefantrine. The polymer-lumefantrine shows potential for entering the clinic to meet the need for a one-course combination treatment for severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M R Matshe
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lesego L Tshweu
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Sindisiwe Mvango
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Zamani E D Cele
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Avashnee S Chetty
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Lynne A Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Ibukun M Famuyide
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Lyndy J McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Liezl Gibhard
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Gregory S Basarab
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Mohammed O Balogun
- Bio-Polymer Modification and Therapeutics Laboratory, Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, CSIR, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
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Cele ZED, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG, Govender T, Naicker T. Applied Enantioselective Aminocatalysis: α-Heteroatom Functionalization Reactions on the Carbapenem (β-Lactam Antibiotic) Core. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cele ZED, Pawar SA, Naicker T, Maguire GEM, Arvidsson PI, Kruger HG, Govender T. Organocatalytic Mannich Reactions on a Carbapenem Core - Synthesis of Mannich Bases and Bicyclic Diazanonanes. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pawar SA, Alapour S, Khanyase S, Cele ZED, Chitti S, Kruger HG, Govender T, Arvidsson PI. Organocatalyzed stereospecific C–C bond formation of β-lactams. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:8294-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41858h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cele ZED, Bhatt P, Govender T, Kruger HG, Maguire GEM. Crystal structure of (S)-N-benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxamide, C17H20N2O2. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.2013.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract C17H20N2O2, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1759(1) Å, b = 13.2258(2) Å, c = 15.6553(3) Å, V = 1485.8 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0283, wRref(F2) = 0.0797, T = 173 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamani E. D. Cele
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Pralav Bhatt
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Glenn E. M. Maguire
- 1School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
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