A simple, rapid, isothermal gas chromatographic procedure for the analysis of monosaccharide mixtures

Capillary column gas chromatographic identification of sugars in honey as trimethylsilyl derivatives

A method for identifying carbohydrates (mono-, di- and trisaccharides) in honey is presented. It is based on the separate preparation of both trimethylsilyl ethers and oxime trimethylsilyl ethers of the sugars followed by their gas chromatographic separation on a fused-silica capillary column coated with OV-101 using temperature programming. From the two chromatograms, the number of peaks given by each derivatized sugar, their relative retention times and peak-area ratios are used for identification. The identities of two unidentified trisaccharide peaks are considered. Quantitative applications to honey sugar analysis are discussed.

Extracellular glycoprotein from virulent and avirulent Cryptococcus species

Two virulent strains of Cryptococcus neoformans and two nonvirulent forms (C. albidus and C. laurentii) were grown in liquid culture to produce maximal capsule formation. A glycoprotein was isolated from the culture medium and was homogeneous as determined by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and anion-exchange chromatography. The amino acid, neutral sugar, amino sugar, uronic acid, and O-acetyl compositions and the infrared spectra of the glycoprotein were determined. The product of the C. neoformans strains contained more mannose and uronic acid than did that from the nonpathogenic strains. O-acetyl groups were absent from glycoprotein of the two nonpathogens.

Estimation of neutral sugars and sugar alcohols in biological fluids by gas-liquid chromatography

Gas-liquid chromatographic procedures for measuring sugar and polyol concentrations in biological fluids are reviewed. Such methods require the preparations of derivatives such as methyl ethers, trimethylsilyl ethers or acetyl esters. Prior to derivatisation samples must be deproteinised and dried. Complex mixtures of sugars and sugar alcohols may be resolved. Quantitative analyses are precise, sensitive and linear. If internal standardisation is used recoveries approaching 100% are obtained.

Chemical composition and ultrastructure of cellular and extracellular Moraxella glucidolytica lipopolysaccharides

A cellular (LPS I) and extracellular (LPS II) lipopolysaccharide were isolated from Moraxella glucidolytica cells grown on ethanol and from the culture fluid, respectively. Both LPS were toxic when injected to mice and chick embryos. These LPS contained glucose, galactose, glucosamine, galactosamine, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipids. By permethylation studies, glucose was found to be linked (1 lead to 6) and (1 lead to 3) in LPS I and only (1 lead to 6) in LPS II. Galactose was the terminal non-reducing sugar. Branching occurred at positions 3 and 4 of galactose residues. LPS I was rich in alpha- and beta-hydroxylauric and alpha-hydroxymyristic acids and LPS I was detoxified by mild acid and alkaline treatments. It was also dissociated by sodium deoxycholate and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75. The main fraction was reassociated by removing the surfactant by dialysis. The morphology of LPS I and LPS II was examined by electron microscopy. LPS I (original and reassociated fractions) consisted exclusively of ribbons while LPS II contained ribbons and vesicles.