1
|
Fu Y, Liu L, Li X, Chen H, Wang Z, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhang H. Peptide modified manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticles as a sensitive fluorescence nanosensor for non-invasive detection of trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2213-2220. [PMID: 35424166 PMCID: PMC8693661 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a fluorescence turn-on nanosensor (MnIO@pep-FITC) has been proposed for detecting trypsin activity in vitro and in vivo through covalently immobilizing an FITC modified peptide substrate of trypsin (pep-FITC) on manganese-doped iron oxide nanoparticle (MnIO NP) surfaces via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) crosslinker. The conjugation of pep-FITC with MnIO NPs results in the quenching of FITC fluorescence. After trypsin cleavage, the FITC moiety is released from the MnIO NP surface, leading to a remarkable recovery of FITC fluorescence signal. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the recovery ratio of FITC fluorescence intensity is linearly dependent on the trypsin concentration in the range of 2 to 100 ng mL-1 in buffer and intracellular trypsin in the lysate of 5 × 102 to 1 × 104 HCT116 cells per mL, respectively. The detection limit of trypsin is 0.6 ng mL-1 in buffer or 359 cells per mL HCT116 cell lysate. The MnIO@pep-FITC is successfully employed to noninvasively monitor trypsin activity in the ultrasmall (ca. 4.9 mm3 in volume) BALB/c nude mouse-bearing HCT116 tumor by in vivo fluorescence imaging with external magnetic field assistance, demonstrating that it has excellent practicability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hongda Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Zhenxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Wensheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China +86-431-85262243 +86-431-85262757
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kasai K. Frontal affinity chromatography: An excellent method of analyzing weak biomolecular interactions based on a unique principle. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129761. [PMID: 33086119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not only strong biomolecular interactions but also weak interactions play important roles in ensuring appropriate operations of many biological systems. Although a thorough investigation of the latter is essential in understanding life science, few suitable research tools are available because of inherent difficulties. SCOPE OF REVIEW Frontal affinity chromatography (FAC) is a versatile method that overcomes the inherent difficulties to provide accurate information on weak interactions. Since its concept and merit are not widely recognized, a comprehensive interpretation of FAC is provided in this review to encourage its application among researchers. MAJOR CONCLUSION FAC is based on a unique principle of measuring the binding strength by the delayed migration of an analyte through an affinity column. Its utility was elucidated via the lectin-glycan interactions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE FAC has a great potential as a research tool to solve many difficult problems in general bioscience that are relevant to almost all researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kasai
- Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashiku, Tokyo 1738605, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marinou M, Platis D, Ataya FS, Chronopoulou E, Vlachakis D, Labrou NE. Structure-based design and application of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand: Application to the affinity purification of nucleotide dependent enzymes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1535:88-100. [PMID: 29331223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a structure-based approach was exploited for the in silico design of a nucleotide coenzyme mimetic ligand. The enzyme formate dehydrogenase (FDH) was employed as a model in our study. The biomimetic ligand was designed and synthesized based on a tryptamine/3-aminopropylphosphonic acid bi-substituted 1,3,5-triazine (Trz) scaffold (Tra-Trz-3APP), which potentially mimics the interactions of NAD+-FDH complex. Molecular docking studies of the biomimetic ligand predicted that it can occupy the same binding site as the natural coenzyme. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations revealed that the ligand binds in an energetically more stable pose in the FDH binding site, as it adopts a more twisty conformation, compared to the natural coenzyme. Study of the FDH/Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose interaction, through adsorption equilibrium studies and site-directed mutagenesis of selected FDH coenzyme binding residues, provided additional experimental evidences of the specificity of the interaction. The Tra-Trz-3APP-Sepharose biomimetic adsorbent was further evaluated towards a range of different dehydrogenases and was exploited for the development of a single-step purification protocol for FDH. The protocol afforded enzyme with high yield and purity, suitable for analytical and industrial purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marigianna Marinou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Platis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evangelia Chronopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Genetics and Structural Bioinformatics Group, Division of Clinical - Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Food, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Atacan K, Çakıroğlu B, Özacar M. Covalent immobilization of trypsin onto modified magnetite nanoparticles and its application for casein digestion. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:148-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
5
|
One-pot preparation of a sulfamethoxazole functionalized affinity monolithic column for selective isolation and purification of trypsin. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1400:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Nam J, Kwon H, Jang I, Jeon A, Moon J, Lee SY, Kang D, Han SY, Moon B, Oh HB. Bromine isotopic signature facilitates de novo sequencing of peptides in free-radical-initiated peptide sequencing (FRIPS) mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:378-387. [PMID: 25800020 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that free-radical-initiated peptide sequencing mass spectrometry (FRIPS MS) assisted by the remarkable thermochemical stability of (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) is another attractive radical-driven peptide fragmentation MS tool. Facile homolytic cleavage of the bond between the benzylic carbon and the oxygen of the TEMPO moiety in o-TEMPO-Bz-C(O)-peptide and the high reactivity of the benzylic radical species generated in •Bz-C(O)-peptide are key elements leading to extensive radical-driven peptide backbone fragmentation. In the present study, we demonstrate that the incorporation of bromine into the benzene ring, i.e. o-TEMPO-Bz(Br)-C(O)-peptide, allows unambiguous distinction of the N-terminal peptide fragments from the C-terminal fragments through the unique bromine doublet isotopic signature. Furthermore, bromine substitution does not alter the overall radical-driven peptide backbone dissociation pathways of o-TEMPO-Bz-C(O)-peptide. From a practical perspective, the presence of the bromine isotopic signature in the N-terminal peptide fragments in TEMPO-assisted FRIPS MS represents a useful and cost-effective opportunity for de novo peptide sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
KASAI K. Frontal affinity chromatography: a unique research tool for biospecific interaction that promotes glycobiology. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2014; 90:215-234. [PMID: 25169774 PMCID: PMC4237894 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.90.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Combination of bioaffinity and chromatography gave birth to affinity chromatography. A further combination with frontal analysis resulted in creation of frontal affinity chromatography (FAC). This new versatile research tool enabled detailed analysis of weak interactions that play essential roles in living systems, especially those between complex saccharides and saccharide-binding proteins. FAC now becomes the best method for the investigation of saccharide-binding proteins (lectins) from viewpoints of sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency, and is contributing greatly to the development of glycobiology. It opened a door leading to deeper understanding of the significance of saccharide recognition in life. The theory is also concisely described.
Collapse
|
8
|
C-Terminal sequencing of protein by MALDI mass spectrometry through the specific derivatization of the α-carboxyl group with 3-aminopropyltris-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:125-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
9
|
Batista-Viera F, Janson JC, Carlsson J. Affinity Chromatography. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2011; 54:221-58. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470939932.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
10
|
Caramori SS, de Faria FN, Viana MP, Fernandes KF, Carvalho LB. Trypsin immobilization on discs of polyvinyl alcohol glutaraldehyde/polyaniline composite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Impens F, Colaert N, Helsens K, Plasman K, Van Damme P, Vandekerckhove J, Gevaert K. MS-driven protease substrate degradomics. Proteomics 2010; 10:1284-96. [PMID: 20058249 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic processing has recently received increased attention in the field of signal propagation and cellular differentiation. Because of its irreversible nature, protein cleavage has been associated with committed steps in cell function. One aspect of protease biology that boomed the past few years is the detailed characterization of protease substrates by both shotgun as well as targeted MS-driven proteomics techniques. The most promising techniques are discussed in this review and we further elaborate on the bioinformatics challenges that accompany mainly qualitative, MS-driven protease substrate degradome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis Impens
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gómez JM, Romero MD, Hodaifa G, de la Parra E. Adsorption of trypsin on commercial silica gel. Eng Life Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
13
|
Bryjak J, Liesiene J, Kolarz BN. Application and properties of butyl acrylate/pentaerythrite triacrylate copolymers and cellulose-based Granocel as carriers for trypsin immobilization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2008; 61:66-74. [PMID: 17768035 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main point was the search for a proper carrier and the kind of carrier activation for trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) immobilization. The acrylic and cellulose-based carriers were specially prepared in that they possessed the most often used anchor groups: -OH, -NH(2), DEAE and/or -COOH. The immobilization procedures were selected to apply mainly to protein amine groups and appropriate anchor groups on the carrier. As activity tests low (N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide, BAPNA) and high (casein) molecular weight substrates were used. It was found, as a rule, that trypsin bound to -COOH groups with the help of carbodiimide was less active and that the amount of bound protein and measured activity (BAPNA) are considerably higher when protein is immobilized via divinyl sulfone. Both rules were observed irrespective of the nature of the polymer matrix. Both types of carriers were found suitable for trypsin immobilization and they were far better than the corresponding Eupergit C-bound enzyme preparations. Taking into account storage stability and activity for both substrates, the divinylsulfone linkage formed between unmodified Granocel and trypsin was the most effective method for the enzyme immobilization. For this preparation, BAPNA and casein conversion, thermal stability at 60 degrees C and estimated kinetic parameters were compared with those obtained for the native enzyme. It was shown that mass transport limitations could be effectively eliminated by suitable conditions and immobilized trypsin was considerably more stable. The values k(cat)/K(m) indicated that the immobilized enzyme was even better as amidase activity was regarded and its potential for protein hydrolysis was only less than twice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bryjak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
McDonald L, Beynon RJ. Positional proteomics: preparation of amino-terminal peptides as a strategy for proteome simplification and characterization. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1790-8. [PMID: 17487161 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We describe a protocol for selective extraction of the amino (N)-terminal-most peptide of a protein or a mixture of proteins after proteolysis. The first stage of the protocol blocks the free amino groups alpha and epsilon (the latter being lysyl residues) on the intact proteins by acetylation. In the second stage, proteolysis of the acetylated proteins yields a mixture of N-terminally acetylated (true N-terminal) and non-acetylated (internal and carboxy-terminal) peptides. Affinity capture of peptides bearing free amino groups using an immobilized amine-reactive reagent removes internal peptides from the mixture. The unbound fraction is highly enriched in N-terminal peptides, which can be analyzed without further treatment. This method is compatible with a range of proteolytic enzymes and fragmentation methods, and should take 2 d to complete. The N-terminal peptides can then be analyzed by mass spectrometry. This low cost, rapid method is readily adopted using off the shelf reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McDonald
- Proteomics and Functional Genomics Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Covalent immobilization of trypsin on to siliceous mesostructured cellular foams to obtain effective biocatalysts. Catal Today 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
McDonald L, Robertson DHL, Hurst JL, Beynon RJ. Positional proteomics: selective recovery and analysis of N-terminal proteolytic peptides. Nat Methods 2005; 2:955-7. [PMID: 16299481 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bottom-up proteomics is the analysis of peptides derived from single proteins or protein mixtures, and because each protein generates tens of peptides, there is scope for controlled reduction in complexity. We report here a new strategy for selective isolation of the N-terminal peptides of a protein mixture, yielding positionally defined peptides. The method is tolerant of several fragmentation methods, and the databases that must be searched are substantially less complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy McDonald
- Protein Function Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Structural glycomics (SG) plays a fundamental part of concurrent glycobiology aiming at comprehensive elucidation of glycan functions ( i.e. , functional glycomics) in the context of post-genome sciences. The SG project started in April 2003 and will continue for 3 years in the framework of NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Organization) under the METI (the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry), Japan. The main purpose of the project is the development of high-throughput and robust machines, which should greatly contribute to the structural analysis of complex glycans. In this chapter, 2 major research items, i.e. , (1) glycoproteomics, which enables comprehensive analysis of glycoproteins, and (2) "glycan profiling" by means of lectins, are described. For the latter, frontal affinity chromatography has been adopted as a starting tool for comprehensive analysis of the interaction of 100 lectins and 100 oligosaccharides under the concept of "hect-by-hect," which refers to 100 x 100.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirabayashi
- Glycostructure Analysis Team, Research Center for Gycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lundqvist A, Lundahl P. Advantages of quantitative affinity chromatography for the analysis of solute interaction with membrane proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2001; 49:507-21. [PMID: 11694298 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of membrane proteins as chromatographic stationary phases for the quantitation of biospecific interaction between the proteins and solutes is reviewed. This method is one among the few where a membrane protein is immobilized for repeated analyses of solute binding. To our knowledge, five transmembrane proteins have been immobilized in chromatographic matrices: the glucose and nucleoside transporters from human red blood cells, the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor from rat brain and a recombinant P-glycoprotein. Proteoliposomes and membrane vesicles have thereby been entrapped in size-exclusion beads, such as Superdex 200, and membrane proteins have been adsorbed on 'immobilized artificial membrane' monolayers of lipid analogs grafted to silica beads. Encouragingly, immobilized glucose transporter and P-glycoprotein showed constant interactant affinities for months. Analysis is done in the frontal mode at equilibrium because there is no separation between bound and free ligand. Both the affinity constant, which generally coincides with the corresponding constant determined by use of nonchromatographic methods, and the amount of active binding sites are obtained. The method has been successfully applied to functional analysis of membrane proteins in cells or reconstituted in lipid mono- or bilayers, screening of low-molecular interactants, investigation of protein-protein interaction and studies of effects of physico-chemical parameters on solute-protein interaction. The analyses require sensitive detection of the analyte and matching between amount of binding sites and affinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lundqvist
- Molecular Biology, AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu C, Robertson DH, Hubbard SJ, Gaskell SJ, Beynon RJ. Proteolysis of native proteins. Trapping of a reaction intermediate. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:1108-15. [PMID: 9873058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.2.1108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
When limited proteolysis of the mouse major urinary proteins by trypsin was stopped by rapid denaturation of the proteinase, a covalent adduct of the two proteins was observed. The formation of this complex required active trypsin, was favored at low pH, and could be reversed by the addition of covalent or non-covalent trypsin inhibitors. Electrospray mass spectrometry of the complex demonstrated that it was an acyl-enzyme complex, formed after an unusual exopeptidase attack on the C-terminal-Arg-Glu-OH sequence by trypsin. The complex could sequester over 50% of the trypsin in a digestion mixture, and as anticipated, the protein was an effective trypsin inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wu
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, Manchester M60 1QD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Makriyannis T, Clonis YD. Design and study of peptide-ligand affinity chromatography adsorbents: Application to the case of trypsin purification from bovine pancreas. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 53:49-57. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19970105)53:1<49::aid-bit8>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals have already been studied comprehensively both in their physico-chemical properties and their biological effect. Most of these compounds are chemically synthesized and less susceptible to degradation by micro-organism or suffering from solvent effect compared with the bio-active substances. Affinity chromatographic columns composed of pharmaceutical compounds as the ligand should have advantages such as long life, low cost and low toxicity. This paper describes the preparation of sulphamethoxazolum immobilized on silica as the column packing and the study of its interactions with proteins and enzymes. It was found that this material showed an affinity specific to trypsin with a dissociation constant of around 10(-6) M. The enzymatic activity of commercial trypsin can be increased by a factor of ten after purification with such a column.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry on Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The quality criteria imposed on several biochemicals are stringent, thus, high-separation purification technology is important to downstream processing. Affinity-based purification technologies are regarded as the finest available, and each one differs in its purifying ability, economy, processing speed and capacity. The most widely used affinity technology is classical affinity chromatography, however, other chromatography-based approaches have also been developed, for example, perfusion affinity chromatography, hyperdiffusion affinity chromatography, high-performance affinity chromatography, centrifugal affinity chromatography, affinity repulsion chromatography, heterobifunctional ligand affinity chromatography and the various chromatographic applications of 'affinity tails'. On the other hand, non-chromatographic affinity technologies aim at high throughput and seek to circumvent problems associated with diffusion limitations experienced with most chromatographic packings. Continuous affinity recycle extraction, aqueous two-phase affinity partitioning, membrane affinity filtration, affinity cross-flow ultrafiltration, reversible soluble affinity polymer separation and affinity precipitation are all non-chromatographic technologies. Several types of affinity ligands are used to different extents; antibodies and their fragments, receptors and their binding substances, avidin/biotin systems, textile and biomimetic dyes, (oligo)peptides, antisense peptides, chelated metal cations, lectins and phenylboronates, protein A and G, calmodulin, DNA, sequence-specific DNA, (oligo)nucleotides and heparin. Likewise, there are several support types developed and used; natural, synthetic, inorganic and composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Labrou
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Chromatographic procedures currently used for the size-dependent fractionation of nucleic acids are reviewed. First, an attempt is made to clarify the concept of "size" of nucleic acids and then various aspects of the chromatography of nucleic acids are considered. It is emphasized that consideration of the dynamic three-dimensional structure of large polynucleotides in a rapidly flowing eluent is essential for both the better understanding of mechanism and the development of sophisticated procedures. Of the practical chromatographic techniques that are not based on true size fractionation, ion-exchange chromatography on non-porous column packings appears to be the most efficient. Other methods, such as hydrophobic interaction, are unlikely to become popular. As for truly size-dependent modes, there are gel permeation and slalom chromatography. Although media with extremely large pores become available, the efficiency of gel permeation is still low as a practical separation procedure for large nucleic acid molecules. Its best use seems to be in the field of physicochemical research into nucleic acids in solution. The newly discovered slalom chromatography is based on a principle completely different from all other chromatographic modes. It enables the efficient separation of large double-stranded DNA fragments of 5-50 kilo base pairs by discriminating their length. It has proved not only to be useful as a tool for nucleic acid research but also to have great significance in other fields, e.g. the hydrodynamics of polymer solutions, the search for new chromatographic modes, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kasai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|