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Stastna M, Šlais K. Preparative separation of immunoglobulins from bovine colostrum by continuous divergent-flow electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200679. [PMID: 36271766 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins in bovine colostrum were separated and fractionated from other proteins using the method and instrumentation developed in our laboratory. The proposed separation was based on bidirectional isotachophoresis/moving boundary electrophoresis with electrofocusing of the analytes in a pH gradient from 3.9 to 10.1. The preparative instrumentation included the trapezoidal non-woven fabric that served as separation space with divergent continuous flow. The defatted and casein precipitate-free colostrum supernatant was loaded directly into the instrument without any additional colostrum pre-preparation. Immunoglobulin G was fractionated from other immune proteins such as bovine serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin, and was continuously collected in separated fractions over 3 h. The fractions were further processed, and isolated immunoglobulin G in the liquid fractions was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by re-focusing in gel isoelectric focusing. Separated immunoglobulin G was detected in seven fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a gradually decreased concentration in the fractions. Re-focusing of the proteins in the fractions by gel isoelectric focusing revealed multiple separated zones of immunoglobulin G with the isoelectric point values covering the range from 5.4 to 7.2. Each fraction contained distinct zones with gradually increased isoelectric point values and decreased concentrations from fraction to fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Stastna
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šlais
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Pinheiro RSB, Ramos PRR, de O. Roça R, Bezerra LR, Francisco CL, Oliveira RL. Differences between cattle and buffalo in the water-soluble proteins of the Longissimus muscle as shown by electrophoretic techniques. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Fraudulent information about food is an old and widespread problem, particularly regarding products with high economic value, such as meat and meat products. The motivation for food fraud is economic, but it can have serious impacts on public health, thus creating a food security problem. Approximately 90% of buffalo meat is marketed as beef in various regions where the consumption of buffalo meat is considered unusual.
Aims
To determine the electrophoretic profile of the raw Longissimus dorsi of cattle and buffalo species and to test the hypothesis that electrophoresis techniques can be used to distinguish meat from cattle from buffalo meat.
Methods
Fourteen 10-g samples of Longissimus dorsi (12th and 13th rib) tissue were taken from each animal of both species after slaughter. The meat of each species was analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (NATIVE PAGE) and by denaturing and non-denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)–PAGE. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed between water-soluble cattle and buffalo muscle proteins in both NATIVE PAGE (relative mobilities and percentages of protein bands) and non-denaturing and denaturing SDS–PAGE (molecular weights in kDa and optical density index).
Key results
With the NATIVE PAGE technique, 10 protein bands were observed in the gel, and three of these bands exhibited differences between species (P ≤ 0.05). The non-denaturing and denaturing SDS–PAGE techniques yielded significantly different protein bands in the gel. The electrophoretic profiles of some cattle and buffalo muscle proteins are distinct; therefore, raw meat flesh samples of these animal species can be distinguished using these electrophoresis techniques.
Conclusions
Each of the three electrophoresis techniques used can distinguish meat from different animal species; however, when there is doubt about the animal species, the use of more than one electrophoretic technique is recommended, so as to obtain more reliable results.
Implications
The use of electrophoresis techniques to differentiate cattle and buffalo meat is promising. This technique could be used in cases of suspected food fraud, such as the replacement of beef with buffalo or vice versa, with reliable results that will be accepted by supervisory bodies.
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3
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Krul ES. Calculation of Nitrogen‐to‐Protein Conversion Factors: A Review with a Focus on Soy Protein. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S. Krul
- PresidentEKSci, LLC 594 Gederson Lane, Saint Louis MO 63122 USA
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Montemurro M, Schwaighofer A, Schmidt A, Culzoni MJ, Mayer HK, Lendl B. High-throughput quantitation of bovine milk proteins and discrimination of commercial milk types by external cavity-quantum cascade laser spectroscopy and chemometrics. Analyst 2019; 144:5571-5579. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00746f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (IR) external cavity-quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) spectroscopy combined with partial least square modeling (PLS) enables quantitation of bovine milk proteins and discrimination of commercial milk types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Montemurro
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)
| | - Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Anatol Schmidt
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - María J. Culzoni
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Analítico y Quimiometría (LADAQ)
- Cátedra de Química Analítica I
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral-CONICET
- Ciudad Universitaria
| | - Helmut K. Mayer
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Food Chemistry Laboratory
- BOKU – University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
- 1190 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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Schwaighofer A, Kuligowski J, Quintás G, Mayer HK, Lendl B. Fast quantification of bovine milk proteins employing external cavity-quantum cascade laser spectroscopy. Food Chem 2018; 252:22-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Kuligowski J, Schwaighofer A, Alcaráz MR, Quintás G, Mayer H, Vento M, Lendl B. External cavity-quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) spectroscopy for protein analysis in bovine milk. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 963:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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7
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Tsartsianidou V, Triantafillidou D, Karaiskou N, Tarantili P, Triantafillidis G, Georgakis E, Triantafyllidis A. Caprine and ovine Greek dairy products: The official German method generates false-positive results due to κ-casein gene polymorphism. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3539-3547. [PMID: 28318592 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caseins are widely used for species identification of dairy products. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of para-κ-casein peptide is used as the official German method for the differentiation between caprine (isoform A) and ovine (isoform B) dairy products, based on their different isoelectric points. The discrimination between Greek goat and ewe dairy products using IEF has, however, been shown to be problematic because of the existence of the ewe isoform in milk from Greek indigenous dairy goats. This could be due to nucleotide polymorphisms within the goat κ-casein gene of Greek indigenous breeds, which alter the isoelectric point of the para-κ-casein peptide and lead to false positive results. Previous DNA analysis of the goat κ-casein gene has shown high levels of polymorphism; however, no such information is available for Greek indigenous dairy goats. Therefore, 87 indigenous dairy goats were sequenced at exon IV of κ-casein gene. In total, 9 polymorphic sites were detected. Three nonsynonymous point mutations were identified, which change the isoelectric point of the goat para-κ-casein peptide so that it appears identical to that of the ewe peptide. Ten composite genotypes were reconstructed and 6 of them included the problematic point mutations. For the verification of genetic results, IEF was carried out. Both goat and ewe patterns appeared in the problematic genotypes. The frequency of these genotypes could be characterized as moderate (0.23) to high (0.60) within Greek indigenous breeds. However, this is not an issue restricted to Greece, as such genotypes have been detected in various non-Greek goat breeds. In conclusion, IEF based on the official German method is certainly inappropriate for ovine and caprine discrimination concerning Greek dairy goat products, and consequently a new method should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tsartsianidou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - D Triantafillidou
- Thessaloniki Subdivision of General Chemical State Laboratory, Thessaloniki 54625, Greece
| | - N Karaiskou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - P Tarantili
- Thessaloniki Subdivision of General Chemical State Laboratory, Thessaloniki 54625, Greece
| | | | - E Georgakis
- MEVGAL SA Dairy Company, Thessaloniki 51100, Greece
| | - A Triantafyllidis
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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8
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Azad T, Ahmed S. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Poonia A, Jha A, Sharma R, Singh HB, Rai AK, Sharma N. Detection of adulteration in milk: A review. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Poonia
- Centre of Food Science and Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
| | - Alok Jha
- Centre of Food Science and Technology; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- Division of Dairy Chemistry; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132 001 India
| | | | - Ashwini Kumar Rai
- Department of Botany; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Department of Farm Engineering; Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221 005 India
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10
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Dong S, Chen L, Dai B, Johnson W, Ye J, Shen S, Yun J, Yao K, Lin DQ, Yao SJ. Isolation of immunoglobulin G from bovine milk whey by poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based anion-exchange cryogel. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2387-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Dong
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of the Xinjiang Bingtuan; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of the Xinjiang Bingtuan; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi P. R. China
| | - Bin Dai
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of the Xinjiang Bingtuan; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi P. R. China
| | | | - Jialei Ye
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology; College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shaochuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology; College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Junxian Yun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology; College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Kejian Yao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology; College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Dong-Qiang Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shan-Jing Yao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou P. R. China
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11
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A novel method for RNA extraction from Andosols using casein and its application to amoA gene expression study in soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:793-802. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Zhang J, Lai S, Zhang Y, Huang B, Li D, Ren Y. Multiple reaction monitoring-based determination of bovine α-lactalbumin in infant formulas and whey protein concentrates by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using tryptic signature peptides and synthetic peptide standards. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 727:47-53. [PMID: 22541822 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The determination of α-lactalbumin in various dairy products attracts wide attention in multidiscipline fields because of its nutritional and biological functions. In the present study, we quantified the bovine α-lactalbumin in various infant formulas and whey protein concentrates using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. Bovine α-lactalbumin was quantified by employing the synthetic internal standard based on the molar equivalent relationship among the internal standard, bovine α-lactalbumin and their signature peptides. This study especially focused on the recovery rates of the sample preparation procedure and robust quantification of total bovine α-lactalbumin in its native and thermally denatured form with a synthetic internal standard KILDKVGINNYWLAHKALCSE. The observed recovery rates of bovine α-lactalbumin ranged from 95.8 to 100.6% and the reproducibility was excellent (RSD<6%) at different spiking levels. The limit of quantitation is 10 mg/100 g for infant formulas and whey protein concentrates. In order to validate the applicability of the method, 21 brands of infant formulas were analyzed. The acquired contents of bovine α-lactalbumin were 0.67-1.84 g/100g in these infant formulas in agreement with their label claimed values. The experiment of heat treatment time showed that the loss of native α-lactalbumin enhanced with an increasing intensity of heat treatment. Comparing with Ren's previous method by analysis of only native bovine α-lactalbumin, the present method at the peptide level proved to be highly suitable for measuring bovine α-lactalbumin in infant formulas and whey protein concentrates, avoiding forgoing the thermally induced denatured α-lactalbumin caused by the technological processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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HABIB-UR-REHMAN, REHANA ISHRAT, YAWAR WASIM. Determination of inorganic elements in milk powder using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2011.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Kang DY, Moon JM, Lee SH. Comparison of Size-Exclusion Chromatography and Flow Field-Flow Fractionation for Separation of Whey Proteins. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.4.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Trends in whey protein fractionation. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 33:1501-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Fæste CK, Rønning HT, Christians U, Granum PE. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in food allergen detection. J Food Prot 2011; 74:316-45. [PMID: 21333155 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is an important issue in the field of food safety because of the hazards for affected persons and the hygiene requirements and legal regulations imposed on the food industry. Consumer protection and law enforcement require suitable analytical techniques for the detection of allergens in foods. Immunological methods are currently preferred; however, confirmatory alternatives are needed. The determination of allergenic proteins by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry has greatly advanced in recent years, and gel-free allergenomics is becoming a routinely used approach for the identification and quantitation of food allergens. The present review provides a brief overview of the principles of proteomic procedures, various chromatographic set ups, and mass spectrometry instrumentation used in allergenomics. A compendium of published liquid chromatography methods, proteomic analyses, typical marker peptides, and quantitative assays for 14 main allergy-causing foods is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Kruse Fæste
- Section of Chemistry, Department of Feed and Food Safety, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, Oslo N-0106, Norway.
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17
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Meyer B, Al-Diab D, Vollmer G, Pischetsrieder M. Mapping the glycoxidation product N
ε
-carboxymethyllysine in the milk proteome. Proteomics 2011; 11:420-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Separation and quantitation of milk whey proteins of close isoelectric points by on-line capillary isoelectric focusing—Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in glycerol–water media. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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19
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Pardo M, Bruno M, Sequeiros C, Trejo S, López L, Caffini N, Natalucci C. New plant endopeptidases with potential application in cheesemaking. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.39.2010.2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Ren Y, Han Z, Chu X, Zhang J, Cai Z, Wu Y. Simultaneous determination of bovine α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in infant formulae by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Mukhopadhyay G, Khanam J, Nanda A, Sarkar AB. Quantitative Characterization of Bovine Serum Albumin, α-Lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin in Commercial Whey Sample by RP-LC. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Billakanti JM, Fee CJ, Lane FR, Kash AS, Fredericks R. Simultaneous, quantitative detection of five whey proteins in multiple samples by surface plasmon resonance. Int Dairy J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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El-Sayed MMH, Chase HA. Purification of the two major proteins from whey concentrate using a cation-exchange selective adsorption process. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 26:192-9. [PMID: 19927316 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The packed-bed adsorption and elution of aqueous solutions of whey concentrate powders were investigated at pH 3.7 using a 5-mL SP Sepharose FF column to separate and isolate two major proteins namely, alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) from these solutions. ALA displaced and eluted BLG from the column in a pure form. Pure ALA could then be eluted with good recovery. A novel consecutive two-stage separation process was developed to separate ALA and BLG from whey concentrate mixtures. Almost all of the BLG in the feed was recovered, with 78% being recovered at 95% purity and a further 20% at 86% purity. In addition, 67% of ALA was recovered, 48% at 54% purity and 19% at 60% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayyada M H El-Sayed
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
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24
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Indyk HE. Development and application of an optical biosensor immunoassay for α-lactalbumin in bovine milk. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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TUNICK MICHAELH, VAN HEKKEN DIANEL, MOLINA-CORRAL FJAVIER, TOMASULA PEGGYM, CALL JEFFREY, LUCHANSKY JOHN, GARDEA ALFONSOA. Queso Chihuahua: manufacturing procedures, composition, protein profiles, and microbiology. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2008.00359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Gapper LW, Copestake DEJ, Otter DE, Indyk HE. Analysis of bovine immunoglobulin G in milk, colostrum and dietary supplements: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:93-109. [PMID: 17579844 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The immunoprotective properties of bovine milk immunoglobulin G (IgG) have led to a recent proliferation of nutritional products incorporating this protein. It has therefore become critical that reliable analytical techniques for the measurement of the IgG content in such products are available. This literature review surveys current methods of analysis for IgG, including separation-based or immuno-based concentration analysis. The review also discusses nutraceutical applications, regulatory issues, stability of IgG and the significance of primary reference material in IgG analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyton W Gapper
- Fonterra Research Centre, Dairy Farm Road, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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27
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. MEL. Identification and Quantification of Whey Immunoglobulins by Reversed Phase Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijds.2007.268.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Ferreira IMPLVO, Oliveira MBPP. Determination of Caseinomacropeptide by an RP‐HPLC Method and Monitoring of the Addition of Rennet Whey to Powdered Milk. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120017155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira
- a CEQUP/Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Rua Aníbal Cunha, 4050‐047 , Porto , Portugal
| | - M. B. P. P. Oliveira
- a CEQUP/Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade do Porto , Rua Aníbal Cunha, 4050‐047 , Porto , Portugal
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29
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WERFEL T, AHLERS G, SCHMIDT P, BOEKER M, KAPP A. Detection of a κ-casein-specific lymphocyte response in milk-responsive atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Determination of lactoferrin in bovine milk, colostrum and infant formulas by optical biosensor analysis. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Walsh MK, Lucey JA, Govindasamy-Lucey S, Pace MM, Bishop MD. Comparison of Milk Produced by Cows Cloned by Nuclear Transfer with Milk from Non-Cloned Cows. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2003; 5:213-9. [PMID: 14588139 DOI: 10.1089/153623003769645875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cloning technologies, including embryo splitting and nuclear transfer, were introduced into dairy cattle breeding in the early 1980s. With the recent worldwide attention on the cloning of sheep ("Dolly") and cows ("Gene"), the potential food safety concerns for food products derived from cloned animals needs to be addressed. There has been no study of the composition of milk produced by cloned cows. In this preliminary study, we evaluated the composition of milk from 15 lactating non-embryonic cell cloned cows and six non-cloned lactating cows over a single season. The cloned cows came from five unique genetic lines and three distinct breeds. Milk samples were analyzed for total solids, fat, fatty acid profile, lactose, protein and compared to non-cloned and literature values. Gross chemical composition of milk from cloned cows was similar to that of the non-cloned cows and literature values. Our results lead us to conclude that there are no obvious differences in milk composition produced from cloned cows compared to non-cloned cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K Walsh
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
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32
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Pedersen L, Mollerup J, Hansen E, Jungbauer A. Whey proteins as a model system for chromatographic separation of proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 790:161-73. [PMID: 12767329 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although chromatographic separation of whey proteins has been considered too expensive, whey may serve as an excellent model mixture to investigate and validate the use of simulation tools in the development and optimization of chromatographic separations and the outcome could easily be utilized since the model system has an intrinsic value. Besides, milk from transgenic animals could be an attractive source of pharmaceuticals which must be separated from the other proteins in the milk. Several whey proteins are of interest especially, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulins, immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, and lactoferrin. The scope of the project is to develop a consistent set of chromatographic data for whey proteins including isotherms, transport properties and scale-up studies and to develop the appropriate models for the anion exchangers Q-Sepharose XL, Source 30Q, Ceramic Q-HyperD F, and Merck Fractogel EMD TMAE 650 (S). In this work we have determined and correlated gradient and isocratic retention volumes in the linear range of the isotherm for alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin A and B, and bovine serum albumin at a pH from 6 to 9 at various NaCl concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pedersen
- Engineering Research Centre IVC-SEP, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark
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33
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Turhan K, Barbano D, Etzel M. Fractionation of Caseins by Anion-exchange Chromatography Using Food-grade Buffers. J Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb12294.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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35
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Marvin LF, Parisod V, Fay LB, Guy PA. Characterization of lactosylated proteins of infant formula powders using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2002; 23:2505-12. [PMID: 12210209 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200208)23:15<2505::aid-elps2505>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Infant formula powders were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) to assess the whey proteins quality, which may be altered by the heat treatment used during the processing conditions. Lactosylation was found to be the major chemical modification occurring in whey proteins. In parallel, a two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was performed on the milk sample and the entire protein patterns were analyzed by nano-ESI-MS after cutting the different gel spots and in-gel trypsin digestion. A highly selective and specific tandem MS technique has been developed to characterize and localize up to ten lactosylation sites in beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) and alpha(S2)-casein. alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-La), with five lactosylated peptides, was found to be an interesting protein marker in the milk powder sample to detect chemical modification induced by the processing/storage conditions.
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36
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The potential of double focusing-ICP-MS for studying elemental distribution patterns in whole milk, skimmed milk and milk whey of different milks. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Bordin G, Cordeiro Raposo F, de la Calle B, Rodriguez AR. Identification and quantification of major bovine milk proteins by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 928:63-76. [PMID: 11589472 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the field of food quality, bovine milk products are of particular interest due to the social and economic importance of the dairy products market. However, the risk of fraudulent manipulation is high in this area, for instance, replacing milk powder by whey is very interesting from an economic point of view. Therefore, there is a need to have suitable analytical methods available for the determination of all milk components, which is currently not the case, especially for the main proteins. The detection of potential manipulations requires then a clear analytical characterisation of each type of bovine milk, what constitutes the goal of this work. The separation of the major milk proteinic components has been carried out by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC with photodiode array detection, using a C4 column. The overall optimisation has been achieved using a statistical experimental design procedure. The identification of each protein was ascertained using retention times, peak area ratios and second derivative UV spectra. Quantification was based on calibration curves drawn using purified proteins. Major sources of uncertainty were identified and the full uncertainty budget was established. The procedure was initially developed using the skimmed milk powder certified reference material CRM 063R and then applied to various types of commercial milks as well as to raw milk. The method is able to separate and quantify the seven major proteins (K-casein, alphas2-casein, alphas1-casein, beta-casein, alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin B and beta-lactoglobulin A) in one run and also to provide precise determinations of the total protein concentration. These are important results towards the further development of a reference method for major proteins in milk. In addition, the use of a certified material reference is suggested in order to make comparisons of method performances possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bordin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium.
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38
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Strickland M, Johnson ME, Broadbent JR. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins and peptides in milk products by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:1510-7. [PMID: 11386663 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200105)22:8<1510::aid-elps1510>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein is an important component of the human diet throughout much of the world. The ability to assess the relative composition and integrity of milk proteins or peptides in dairy foods or food ingredients is important because these molecules have a profound effect on product functionality and quality. This communication describes two capillary electrophoretic methods that are useful for the analysis of proteins and casein-derived peptides in cheese and milk products. One technique, which uses a buffer containing citrate/phosphate (pH 3.3), 4 M urea, and a polymeric additive in a coated capillary, is useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins and peptides in milk, cheese, and whey products. The second method employs a citrate/phosphate buffer (pH 2.8) and a bare silica capillary, and is well suited for the analysis of small, casein-derived peptides in aqueous cheese extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strickland
- Western Dairy Center and Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-8700, USA
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39
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Liang H, Scott MK, Murry DJ, Sowinski KM. Determination of albumin and myoglobin in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 2001; 754:141-51. [PMID: 11318409 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance size-exclusion chromatographic method was developed, validated and implemented for simultaneous and quantitative determination of albumin and myoglobin along with inulin, vancomycin and creatinine in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples from in vitro hemodialysis experiments. The experimental parameters including mobile phase pH, ionic strength, detection wavelength, flow-rate, injection volume were first optimized for the determination of albumin, myoglobin, inulin, vancomycin and creatinine. The peak height ratio and detection limits of the proteins were then comparatively studied at 210, 254 and 280 nm by UV and diode array detection. The method was further validated by evaluating the linearity, precision and accuracy of the proteins. The assay was finally implemented to the simultaneous and quantitative determination of the proteins in dialysate and ultrafiltrate samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liang
- Purdue University, School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wishard Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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40
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Smith A, Kakuda Y, Goff H. Changes in protein and fat structure in whipped cream caused by heat treatment and addition of stabilizer to the cream. Food Res Int 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0963-9969(00)00115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Walsh MK, Brown RJ. Use of amino acid analysis for estimating the individual concentrations of proteins in mixtures. J Chromatogr A 2000; 891:355-60. [PMID: 11043796 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of five individual proteins in a mixture were determined from one amino acid analysis of the mixture by solving for each protein using simultaneous equations. Dried casein and whey were separated into five individual protein components using reversed-phase HPLC. Individual proteins were collected and analyzed for amino acid composition. These data were used as standards. Mixtures of purified proteins were analyzed for total amino acid composition and the concentrations of individual proteins in the mixtures were determined by solving simultaneous equations based on the amino acid analysis composition of the standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan 84322-8700, USA.
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42
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Léonil J, Gagnaire V, Mollé D, Pezennec S, Bouhallab S. Application of chromatography and mass spectrometry to the characterization of food proteins and derived peptides. J Chromatogr A 2000; 881:1-21. [PMID: 10905689 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The following review describes the development of mass spectrometry off-line and on-line coupled with liquid chromatography to the analysis of food proteins. It includes the significant results recently obtained in the field of milk, egg and cereal proteins. This paper also outlines the research carried out in the area of food protein hydrolysates, which are important components in foodstuffs due to their functional properties. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have been particularly used for the characterization of food peptides and especially in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Léonil
- INRA Laboratoire de Recherches de Technologie Laitière, Rennes, France.
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43
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Abstract
A review of the applications of electrophoresis to the determination of various compounds in beverage samples, namely beer, hard drinks, juice, milk, soft drinks, tea and wine, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sádecká
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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44
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Elgar DF, Norris CS, Ayers JS, Pritchard M, Otter DE, Palmano KP. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of the major bovine whey proteins including proteose peptone and caseinomacropeptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene. J Chromatogr A 2000; 878:183-96. [PMID: 10866065 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A precise, sensitive and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed to enable not only unequivocal determination of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in bovine whey samples, but also simultaneous measurement of proteose peptone, caseinomacropeptide, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. The optimised method on the Resource RPC column allowed separation of the proteins in 30 min and could be applied to the analysis of soluble proteins in a variety of commercial and laboratory whey products. Furthermore, some qualitative information on protein heterogeneity and quality could be derived from the RP-HPLC analyses with additional data available from on-line electrospray mass spectrometry. Within- and between-day repeatability over a wide range of concentrations was excellent (RSD< or =5%) for all proteins except immunoglobulin G and bovine serum albumin where RSD was 7-10%. Analysis of grouped data from whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate samples gave a limit of detection of < or =0.3% powder mass and a limit of quantitation of < or =1.0% powder mass for all proteins except immunoglobulin G. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.6% and 2.0%, respectively, for this protein. Quantitative data obtained by the RP-HPLC method compared very favourably with data obtained by alternative methods of whey protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Elgar
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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45
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Abstract
The performance of commercial and enzymatically modified size-exclusion (SE) gels in electrochromatography was compared for preparative protein separations. Dextran and agarose-based SE gels were subjected to enzymatic digestion under mild conditions. This treatment partially hydrolyzed the gel matrix modifying its pore size distribution. Enzymatic treatment of agarose-based SE gels was found to increase the resolution of the separation. Successful separation of preparative amounts of the A and B forms of beta-lactoglobulin (difference in electrophoretic mobility of 8.5%) was achieved with a high degree of purity using agarose-based SE gels. The four major whey proteins, beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin, BSA and immunoglobulins, were purified from an acid whey preparation. The degree of retention of a protein in electrochromatography followed their free-solution electrophoretic mobility (mu) when the protein was able to enter the gel pores and the ratio of diffusion/mu when the protein was excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Tellez
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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46
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Huber CG, Premstaller A. Evaluation of volatile eluents and electrolytes for high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of proteins. I. Liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1999; 849:161-73. [PMID: 10444841 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins ranging in molecular mass from 14,000 to 80,000 were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-MS) using 60 x 1.0 mm I.D. microbore-columns packed with 2.3 microns highly crosslinked, octadecylated poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) particles. Proteins were eluted at temperatures of 80-90 degrees C with gradients of acetonitrile in 0.10-0.50% aqueous solutions of trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid or acetic acid. Substitution of trifluoroacetic acid, the most commonly used mobile phase additive for RP-HPLC, by formic acid resulted in a 35-160-fold improvement in analyte detectability at the cost of an only 32-104% increase in peak width at half height of eluting chromatographic peaks. The lower limits of detection for carbonic anhydrase (M(r) 29,022.7) in full scan and selected ion monitoring mode were 37 and 2.3 fmol, respectively. Measurement of protein masses by RP-HPLC-ESI-MS was accurate and highly reproducible with maximum mass deviations of 0.025% and relative standard deviations of less than 0.011%. Calibration plots of peak area versus concentration allowed the reliable quantitation of proteins in a concentration range of 0.010-1.0 mg/ml. Finally, the optimized method was applied to the separation, identification and quantification of proteins in real samples such as commercial protein preparations, monoclonal antibody fragments, allergen extracts and whey drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Huber
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens-University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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47
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Casper JL, Wendorff WL, Thomas DL. Seasonal changes in protein composition of whey from commercial manufacture of caprine and ovine specialty cheeses. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:3117-22. [PMID: 9891259 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pooled whey from the production of one variety of ovine cheese and two varieties of caprine cheeses was studied for gross composition and individual whey protein composition over one production season. Individual proteins were quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and digital imaging technology. The mean proportion of alpha-lactalbumin (LA) from caprine wheys from the manufacture of Chevre and Cheddar-type cheeses was higher than values previously reported for bovine whey from Cheddar cheese; proportions of serum albumin, immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and beta-lactoglobulin (LG) were lower. Ovine whey from Manchego-type cheese showed a higher proportion of beta-LG, about the same proportion of alpha-LA, and lower proportions of serum albumin and IgG than did the bovine whey. Relative amounts of alpha-LA decreased throughout the season, but beta-LG rose in midlactation and then gradually decreased toward the end of lactation. Relative proportions of serum albumin remained fairly stable throughout the year, and IgG decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Casper
- University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA
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48
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Pizzano R, Nicolai MA, Addeo F. Antipeptide Antibodies as Analytical Tools To Discriminate among Bovine alpha(s1)-Casein Components. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 1998; 46:766-771. [PMID: 10554312 DOI: 10.1021/jf9706336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides reproducing sequence stretches of bovine alpha(s1)-casein were used as probes to discriminate within the alpha(s1)-casein fraction of bovine milk and cheese. A minor alpha(s1)-casein component, selectively recognized by an antisera directed against the bovine 139-149 alpha(s1)-casein sequence, was found to be a C-terminally truncated alpha(s1)-casein form. This component coeluted with the main alpha(s1)- and alpha(s2)-casein by anion-exchange chromatography of whole casein, whereas by RP-HPLC it eluted with alpha(s2)-casein only. Similarly to the main alpha(s1)-casein, the C-terminally truncated form was hydrolyzed in vitro by chymosin and early in the cheese-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pizzano
- Dipartimento di Scienza degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università 100, Parco Gussone, I-80055 Portici, Italy, and Istituto Sperimentale Lattiero-Caseario, via A. Lombardo 11, I-20075 Lodi, Italy
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49
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Hahn R, Schulz PM, Schaupp C, Jungbauer A. Bovine whey fractionation based on cation-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998; 795:277-87. [PMID: 9528103 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine whey proteins have potential applications in veterinary medicine, food industry and as supplements for cell culture media. A fractionation scheme for the economically interesting proteins, such as IgG, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, based on cation exchangers was the goal of our investigations. A chromatographic process was developed where alpha-lactalbumin passes through the column and separation of the desired proteins is achieved. Four different cation-exchange media (S-HyperD-F, S-Sepharose FF, Fractogel EMD SO3- 650 (S) and Macro-Prep High S Support) were compared in regard to their dynamic binding capacity for IgG and their different elution behaviours when sequential step gradients with NaCl buffers were applied. Peak fractions were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Lactoperoxidase activity was monitored by the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine. In order to explain the different resolution behaviours, isocratic runs with pure standards of whey proteins were performed. The k' values were calculated and plotted against salt concentration. Fractogel EMD had the highest binding capacity for IgG, 3.7 mg/ml gel at a linear flow-rate of 100 cm/h, but the resolution was low compared to that with the other three media. S-Hyper D and S-Sepharose FF showed lower capacities, 3.3 and 3.2 mg/ml gel, respectively, but exhibited better protein resolution. These effects could be partially explained by the k' versus salt concentration plots. The binding capacity of Macro-Prep S was considerably lower compared to that of the other resins investigated because its selectivity for whey proteins was completely different. S-Sepharose FF and S-Hyper D combine relatively high dynamic capacity for IgG and good resolution. Compared to studies with standard proteins, such as 100 mg/ml bovine serum albumin for S-Hyper D, their binding capacities were very low. Even after removal of low-molecular-mass compounds, the capacity could not be improved significantly. The running conditions (low pH) were responsible for the low protein binding capacity, since low-molecular-mass compounds in the feed do not compete with the adsorption of whey protein. The dynamic capacity did not decrease to a large extent within the range of flow-rates (100-600 cm/h) investigated. The dynamic capacity of HyperD and Fractogel was at least five times higher when pure bovine IgG was used for determination. In conclusion, S-Sepharose FF, S-Hyper D-F and Fractogel EMD SO3- 650 (S) are considered as successful candidates for the large-scale purification of bovine whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hahn
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Forestry and Biotechnology, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Vogt S, Freitag R. Comparison of anion-exchange and hydroxyapatite displacement chromatography for the isolation of whey proteins. J Chromatogr A 1997; 760:125-37. [PMID: 9062994 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In displacement chromatography, several substances may be isolated and concomitantly concentrated, which makes this separation procedure attractive for the processing of diluted product streams containing a number of high value substances. Here, the suitability of anion-exchange and hydroxyapatite displacement chromatography for the processing of technical dairy whey is investigated. The pH and flow-rate of the carrier, the displacer chemistry and, in case of the apatite, the particle diameter of the stationary phase are considered. As a consequence of the pH sensitivity of the beta-lactoglobulin, one major whey component, apatite displacement chromatography is less then successful in whey separation. At a denaturing carrier pH (> 8.5) the beta-lactoglobulin zone is broad and stretches over the entire displacement train. At a lower carrier pH, previously successful polyanionic displacers do not bring about separation, while low-molecular-mass ones do, but they tend to overrun and thus contaminate the protein zones. In the case of anion-exchange displacement chromatography, polyanions, especially polyacrylic acid (PAA, M(r) 6000), constitute suitable displacers. Here too, a carrier pH of 8.0 is most suited to the separation of the whey proteins. The low-molecular mass-displacer iminodiacetic acid (IDA, M(r) 133.4), on the other hand, displaces only alpha-lactalbumin. The beta-lactoglobulin remains on the column. PAA is used as the displacer to process a dairy whey sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vogt
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Institute de Génie Chimique, ETH Lausanne, Switzerland
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