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Swaminathan M, Angelakas A, Baxter M, Cotton J, Dobeson C, Feeney L, Gault A, Hughes D, Jones C, Lee R, Mughal S, Parikh S, Pritchard M, Rodgers L, Rowe M, Salawu A, Shotton R, Tinsley N, Tivey A, Olsson-Brown A. 241P Treatment and outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal toxicity following immunotherapy: A large multi-center retrospective study in the United Kingdom by the National Oncology Trainees Collaborative for Healthcare Research (NOTCH). Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fonseca De Freitas D, Patel I, Kadra-Scalzo G, Pritchard M, Shetty H, Broadbent M, Patel R, Downs J, Segev A, Khondoker M, Maccabe J, Bhui K, Hayes R. Ethnic inequalities in treatment with clozapine. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567955 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ethnic disparities in treatment with clozapine, the antipsychotic recommended for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), have been reported. However, these investigations frequently suffer from potential residual confounding. For example, few studies have restricted the analyses to TRS samples and none has controlled for benign ethnic neutropenia. Objectives This study investigated if service-users’ ethnicity influenced clozapine prescription in a cohort of people with TRS. Methods Information from the clinical records of South London and Maudsley NHS Trust was used to identify a cohort of service-users with TRS between 2007 and 2017. In this cohort, we used logistic regression to investigate any association between ethnicity and clozapine prescription while adjusting for potential confounding variables, including sociodemographic factors, psychiatric multimorbidity, substance use, benign ethnic neutropenia, and inpatient and outpatient care received. Results
We identified 2239 cases that met the criteria for TRS. Results show that after adjusting for confounding variables, people with Black African ethnicity had half the odds of being treated with clozapine and people with Black Caribbean or Other Black background had about two-thirds the odds of being treated with clozapine compared White British service-users. No disparities were observed regarding other ethnic groups, namely Other White background, South Asian, Other Asian, or any other ethnicity. Conclusions There was evidence of inequities in care among Black ethnic groups with TRS. Interventions targeting barriers in access to healthcare are recommended. Disclosure During the conduction of the study, DFdF, GKS, and RH received funds from the NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre. For other activities outside the submitted work, DFdF received research funding from the UK Department of Health and Social Care, Janss
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Fonseca De Freitas D, Agbedjro D, Kadra-Scalzo G, Francis E, Ridler I, Pritchard M, Shetty H, Segev A, Casetta C, Smart S, Morris A, Downs J, Christensen S, Bak N, Kinon B, Stahl D, Hayes R, Maccabe J. Correlates of late-onset antipsychotic treatment resistance. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9567017 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is emerging evidence of heterogeneity within treatment-resistance schizophrenia (TRS), with some people not responding to antipsychotic treatment from illness onset and a smaller group becoming treatment-resistant after an initial response period. It has been suggested that these groups have different aetiologies. Few studies have investigated socio-demographic and clinical differences between early and late onset of TRS. Objectives This study aims to investigate socio-demographic and clinical correlates of late-onset of TRS. Methods Using data from the electronic health records of the South London and Maudsley, we identified a cohort of people with TRS. Regression analyses were conducted to identify correlates of the length of treatment to TRS. Analysed predictors include gender, age, ethnicity, positive symptoms severity, problems with activities of daily living, psychiatric comorbidities, involuntary hospitalisation and treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Results We observed a continuum of the length of treatment until TRS presentation. Having severe hallucinations and delusions at treatment start was associated shorter duration of treatment until the presentation of TRS. Conclusions Our findings do not support a clear cut categorisation between early and late TRS, based on length of treatment until treatment resistance onset. More severe positive symptoms predict earlier onset of treatment resistance. Disclosure DFdF, GKS, EF and IR have received research funding from Janssen and H. Lundbeck A/S. RDH and HS have received research funding from Roche, Pfizer, Janssen and Lundbeck. SES is employed on a grant held by Cardiff University from Takeda Pharmaceutical Comp
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Patel R, Irving J, Brinn A, Broadbent M, Shetty H, Pritchard M, Downs J, Stewart R, Harland R. Insights from electronic health record data to improve mental health service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471467 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRemote consultation technology has been rapidly adopted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some healthcare settings have faced barriers in implementation. We present a study to investigate changes in rates of remote consultation during the pandemic using a large electronic health record (EHR) dataset.MethodsThe Clinical Record Interactive Search tool (CRIS) was used to examine de-identified EHR data of people receiving mental healthcare in South London, UK. Data from around 37,500 patients were analysed for each week from 7th January 2019 and 20th September 2020 using linear regression and locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS) to investigate changes in the number of clinical contacts (in-person, remote or non-attended) with mental healthcare professionals and prescribing of antipsychotics and mood stabilisers. The data are presented in an interactive dashboard: http://rpatel.co.uk/TelepsychiatryDashboard.ResultsThe frequency of in-person contacts was substantially reduced following the onset of the pandemic (β coefficient: -5829.6 contacts, 95% CI -6919.5 to -4739.6, p<0.001), while the frequency of remote contacts increased significantly (β coefficient: 3338.5 contacts, 95% CI 3074.4 to 3602.7, p<0.001). Rates of remote consultation were lower in older adults than in working age adults, children and adolescents. Despite the increase in remote contact, antipsychotic and mood stabiliser prescribing remained at similar levels.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a marked increase in remote consultation, particularly among younger patients. However, there was no evidence that this has led to changes in prescribing. Further work is needed to support older patients in accessing remote mental healthcare.DisclosureAll authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: RS has received funding from Janssen, GSK and Takeda outside the submitted work. RP has received funding from Janssen, Induction Healthcare and H
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Morton S, Chan O, Price J, Pritchard M, Crisp T, Perry J, Morrissey D. High volume image-guided injections and structured rehabilitation improve greater trochanter pain syndrome in the short and medium term: a combined retrospective and prospective case series. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2015.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Morton
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, UK
| | - O. Chan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - J. Price
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, UK
| | | | - T. Crisp
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, UK
| | - J.D. Perry
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, UK
| | - D. Morrissey
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Bart’s and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, Bart’s Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Morton S, Chan O, Webborn N, Pritchard M, Morrissey D. Tears of the fascia cruris demonstrate characteristic sonographic features: a case series analysis. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.04.2015.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Morton
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - O. Chan
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK
| | - N. Webborn
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | | | - D. Morrissey
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London, UK; BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK
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Chan O, Havard B, Morton S, Pritchard M, Maffulli N, Crisp T, Padhiar N, Perry J, King J, Morrissey D. Outcomes of prolotherapy for intra-tendinous Achilles tears: a case series. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.01.2017.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Chan
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - B. Havard
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - S. Morton
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - M. Pritchard
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - N. Maffulli
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - T. Crisp
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - N. Padhiar
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - J.D. Perry
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - J. King
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
| | - D. Morrissey
- BMI London Independent Hospital, Stepney Green, London, UK
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- Bart’s Health NHS Trust, London, UK
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Chan O, Morton S, Pritchard M, Parkes T, Malliaras P, Crisp T, Padhiar N, Maffulli N, King J, Morrissey D. Intratendinous tears of the Achilles tendon - a new pathology? Analysis of a large 4-year cohort. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.01.2017.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. Chan
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK
| | - S. Morton
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - T. Parkes
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK
| | - P. Malliaras
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - T. Crisp
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK>
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- Bart’s Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N. Padhiar
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK>
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
| | - N. Maffulli
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK>
| | - J. King
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK>
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
- Bart’s Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D. Morrissey
- BMI London Independent Hospital, London, UK>
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Hospital, London, UK
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Kravariti E, Reeve-Mates C, Da Gama Pires R, Tsakanikos E, Hayes D, Renshaw S, McAllister S, Bhavsar V, Patterson P, Daley E, Stewart J, Pritchard M, Shetty H, Ramsay R, Perez-Iglesias R, McGuire P. Effectiveness of automated appointment reminders in Psychosis Community Services: A randomised controlled trial - CORRIGENDUM. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:419. [PMID: 30295223 PMCID: PMC6235977 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Finnamore H, Pritchard M, Abdul Kadhir O, Mayer J, Bannon J, Burhan H. M27 Should there be a Respiratory-specific Modified Early Warning Score?: Abstract M27 Table 1. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kemp J, Schache A, Makdissi M, Sims K, Pritchard M, Crossley K. Physical impairments are greater following hip arthroscopy in people with chondropathy compared to people without chondropathy or controls. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kemp J, Schache A, Makdissi M, Sims K, Pritchard M, Crossley K. DJO Global Sponsored Session. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Powell L, Pritchard M, Doull I, Hill K, Onsøyen E, Myrvold R, Wright C, Thomas D. 54 Effects of the alginate oligosaccharide OligoG on the surface properties of Gram-negative bacterial biofilms using atomic force microscopy. J Cyst Fibros 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(12)60223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Krouse RZ, Ransdell LB, Lucas S, Pritchard M. Examining Motivation, Goal Orientation, Coaching, and Training Habits of Female Ultrarunners. J Strength Cond Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/01.jsc.0000395661.67282.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Velayudhan L, Pritchard M, Lovestone S. Smell identification test as a progression marker in Alzheimer's disease. Eur Psychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionFactors influencing or predicting progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not well understood. Olfactory dysfunction, impaired smell identification in particular, is known to occur in AD. Mesial temporal lobe, important for memory function is also critical for the processing of olfactory information. In view of the common anatomical substrate, we hypothesized that olfaction dysfunction worsens faster in people with AD with rapid cognitive decline compared to those with slower cognitive decline.AimsTo test whether smell identification test can be used as a predictor for illness progression in AD patients.MethodsForty one participants with late onset mild to moderate AD were recruited from mental health services for older adults. Subjects were classified as ‘Rapid Progressors’ defined on ‘a-priori’ with a loss of 2 or more points in Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) within six months. Assessments included MMSE, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Bristol Activities of Daily Living, and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), at baseline and after 3 months.ResultsTwenty subjects were ‘Rapid Progressors’, and had lower UPSIT scores compared to ‘Non-Rapid Progressors’ both at the baseline (p = 0.02) and at follow up after 3 months (p = 0.05). Baseline UPSIT correlated with follow up UPSIT (r = 0.5, p < 0.01) and MMSE (r = 0.4, p = 0.04). Also it was the baseline UPSIT score that best predicted (p < 0.05) the follow up smell and cognitive function on linear regression analysis.ConclusionsSmell identification function could be useful as a clinical measure to assess and predict progression in AD.
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Shimizu C, Tamura K, Koizumi F, Komori O, Pritchard M, Mollah MH, Eguchi S, Fujiwara Y. Prediction of the benefit of trastuzumab (T)-based therapy by the change of gene expression of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14578 Background: Identification of molecular predictors of response is important in the aspect of personalization of treatment, especially in the era of molecular targeted drugs. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is suggested as one of the main mechanism of action of T. Moreover, PBMC specimens can securely be obtained with minimal invasion. We therefore hypothesized that gene expression changes induced by T of PBMC may be useful for prediction of response of T. Methods: 36 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients were enrolled in this prospective biomarker study. The patients were treated with single-agent T (q1w) for chemotherapy-naïve, hormone refractory metastatic disease. The clinical response was measured after 8 cycles of single-agent T. PBMC were collected prior to and 1-week after the first administration of T. Gene expressions of PBMC were measured using Affimetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 array. Change of gene expressions before and after T was correlated with clinical response using Wilcoxon rank sum test. A multi-gene predictor of response to T was generated using the highly ranked genes. The performance of the predictor was then assessed in patients prospectively treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC): HER2- positive BC patients recieved NAC containing T. PBMC were collected prior to NAC and 1-week after the first administration of T. Results: 34 patients were evaluable for clinical outcome. 15 and 19 patients were classified as responders and non- responders, respectively. The top 4 genes differentially regulated by T between responders and non-responders were selected for development of a predictor by leave-one-out cross validation. The 4-gene predictor correctly predicted the pathological complete response (pCR) in 5 out of 5 patients who achieved pCR and residual disease (RD) in 10 out of 12 patients with RD (error rate 12 %) in HER2-positive breast BC patients treated with NAC containing T. However, it was not associated with pathological response in 19 HER2- negative patients treated with NAC without T (error rate 39 %). Conclusions: Change in PBMC gene expression after single dosage of T may be useful as a predictor of response to T-based therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Shimizu
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K. Tamura
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F. Koizumi
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - O. Komori
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Pritchard
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. H. Mollah
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Eguchi
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. Fujiwara
- National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Latham SE, Cramer R, Grant M, Kershaw P, Lawrence BN, Lowry R, Lowe D, O'Neill K, Miller P, Pascoe S, Pritchard M, Snaith H, Woolf A. The NERC DataGrid services. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2009; 367:1015-1019. [PMID: 19087931 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This short paper outlines the key components of the NERC DataGrid: a discovery service, a vocabulary service and a software stack deployed both centrally to provide a data discovery portal, and at data providers to provide local portals and data and metadata services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Latham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
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Abstract
Although religion is thought to be a positive aspect of life, sometimes that is not always the case. One potentially negative effect of religion is the way people learn to perceive their bodies. Although many studies have examined factors that influence disordered eating (e.g., gender, self-esteem), few studies have examined the relationships among disordered eating and religious affiliation and religious angst. In the present study of 330 undergraduates, we found that Catholics and Christians displayed significantly more disordered eating than did other students. In addition, individuals scoring high on religious angst also reported more disordered eating behaviors than did other students. Implications for counseling will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gates
- Department of Psychology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725-1715, USA
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Abstract
Although once considered a 'female' disorder, eating disorders are becoming more prevalent in males. As such, researchers are beginning to focus on factors that predict eating disturbances in males. Previous research has established a relation between eating disorders and stress and exercise dependence. However, few studies have examined the relation between the more common diagnosis of disordered eating and stress and exercise dependence, particularly in men. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relation between disordered eating, stress, and exercise dependence in undergraduate male students. Implications for counseling men suffering from disordered eating will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Spann
- Department of Psychology, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725-1715, USA.
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Pritchard M, Reeves RH, Dierssen M, Patterson D, Gardiner KJ. Down syndrome and the genes of human chromosome 21: current knowledge and future potentials. Report on the Expert workshop on the biology of chromosome 21 genes: towards gene-phenotype correlations in Down syndrome. Washington D.C., September 28-October 1, 2007. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 121:67-77. [PMID: 18544929 DOI: 10.1159/000124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), trisomy of human chromosome 21, is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. With an incidence in some countries as high as one in approximately 700 live births, and a complex, extensive and variably severe phenotype, Down syndrome is a significant medical and social challenge. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in information on the functions of the genes of human chromosome 21, as well as in techniques and resources for their analysis. A recent workshop brought together experts on the molecular biology of Down syndrome and chromosome 21 with interested researchers in other fields to discuss advances and potentials for generating gene-phenotype correlations. An additional goal of the workshop was to work towards identification of targets for therapeutics that will correct features of DS. A knowledge-based approach to therapeutics also requires the correlation of chromosome 21 gene function with phenotypic features.
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Sullivan SD, Wenzel SE, Bresnahan BW, Zheng B, Lee JH, Pritchard M, Kamath TV, Weiss ST. Association of control and risk of severe asthma-related events in severe or difficult-to-treat asthma patients. Allergy 2007; 62:655-60. [PMID: 17508970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical tools for predicting poor outcomes in asthma patients are lacking. This study investigated the association of asthma control and subsequent severe asthma-related healthcare events in The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens (TENOR) study. METHODS The extent of asthma control problems was determined from baseline values of the Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire (ATAQ). Patients self-reported the presence of severe asthma-related events at 6- and 12-month follow up. Poisson regression models determined the adjusted association between baseline control and the likelihood of severe asthma-related events. RESULTS At baseline, 2942 patients (mean age, 49.6 years; female, 71.9%) had an ATAQ score (no control problems, 17.0%; 1 control problem, 20.0%; 2 control problems, 30.8%; 3 or 4 control problems, 32.2%) and at least one severe asthma-related event. After adjustment, subjects with three or four control problems were at greater risk for unscheduled office visits [relative risk (RR) = 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4-3.2], course of oral steroids (RR = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.5-3.3), emergency room visits (RR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.7-6.2) or hospitalization (RR = 13.6; 95% CI: 7.4-24.9), vs no control problems. Progressively poorer levels of asthma control are associated with increasing risk of severe asthma-related events. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of an association between poor asthma control and future severe asthma-related healthcare events. A validated questionnaire may help clinicians identify patients requiring intervention to prevent future severe asthma-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Sullivan
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy Program, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine gender differences in the prevalence of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction as well as examine gender differences in several risk factors: mass media, self-esteem and perfectionism. Three hundred fifty-three undergraduates completed surveys about their body dissatisfaction, disordered eating habits, exposure to and influence of mass media, self-esteem and perfectionistic tendencies. As expected, women experienced more symptoms of disordered eating as well as body dissatisfaction than did their male counterparts. There were also gender differences in the risk factors. For women, mass media, self-esteem, and perfectionism related to disordered eating behaviors, whereas for men, only perfectionism and mass media related to disordered eating behaviors. For women, mass media and self-esteem related to body image dissatisfaction, whereas for men, mass media and perfectionism related to body image dissatisfaction. The results of the present study indicate that risk factors for disordered eating and body dissatisfaction for men and women may be different, which has implications for understanding the etiology of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating and for possible treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Elgin
- Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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De Villiers RV, Pritchard M, De Beer J, Koenig J. Scapular stress fracture in a professional cricketer and a review of the literature. S Afr Med J 2005; 95:312-7. [PMID: 15931442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R V De Villiers
- Van Wageningen and Partners in Somerset West and Stellenbosch Mediclinics, South Africa.
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Brown HM, Pritchard M, Russell DL. 225. Early ovarian follicle dysgenesis in a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 1 (ADAMTS-1) null mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 2005. [DOI: 10.1071/srb05abs225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ADAMTS-1 is a multi-domain, multi-functional matrix metalloproteinase expressed in the mouse ovary during folliculogenesis and ovulation. Adult ADAMTS-1 null female mice are infertile; however, the exact mechanism responsible for their reproductive failure is yet to be explained.
ADAMTS-1 null ovaries prior to and following ovulation were examined and a defect in ovarian follicle development was identified. A classification system was devised and used to identify morphological differences between normal and ADAMTS-1 null ovaries. The phenotype indicated a progressive loss of follicle structural integrity ranging from a slight loss of shape, to full structural dysgenesis. As a result, large numbers of oocytes with healthy appearance were found with no surrounding follicle structure. The numbers of preantral follicles was not altered, but type 6 (early antral) follicles in the ADAMTS-1 null ovaries were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) when compared to wild-type ovaries suggesting initiation of follicular degeneration coincident with antrum formation. There was also a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of periovulatory follicles (type 7 and 8) in the ADAMTS-1 null ovaries. This suggests that late folliculogenesis, in the period of rapid growth and expansion is disrupted when ADAMTS-1 is not present and results in fewer follicles available for ovulation. Further, we have demonstrated that the active form of ADAMTS-1 is present in the thecal-granulosa boundary of the ovarian follicle suggesting a role in extracellular matrix remodeling at this boundary during follicle growth. Analyses of the basement membrane at this boundary both in growing and ovulating follicles indicate that ECM remodeling in this region is indeed disrupted.
These data demonstrate that remodeling of surrounding structural matrix is crucial to follicle growth and structural integrity. Functional ADAMTS-1 is important for matrix remodeling during the growth of the follicle, particularly during antrum formation.
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Gardiner K, Davisson MT, Pritchard M, Patterson D, Groner Y, Crnic LS, Antonarakis S, Mobley W. Report on the ‘Expert Workshop on the Biology of Chromosome 21: towards gene-phenotype correlations in Down syndrome’, held June 11–14, 2004, Washington D.C. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 108:269-77. [PMID: 15627744 DOI: 10.1159/000081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Gardiner
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute at the University of Denver, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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26
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Cochlin DL, Evans C, Gadahadh R, Pritchard M. Imaging in prostate cancer--a reply. Clin Radiol 2003; 59:111. [PMID: 14697386 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(03)00333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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de Haan JB, Susil B, Pritchard M, Kola I. An altered antioxidant balance occurs in Down syndrome fetal organs: Implications for the “gene dosage effect” hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003:67-83. [PMID: 15068240 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6721-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the congenital birth defect responsible for the greatest number of individuals with mental retardation. It arises due to trisomy of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) or part thereof. To date there have been limited studies of HSA21 gene expression in trisomy 21 conceptuses. In this study we investigate the expression of the HSA21 antioxidant gene, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) in various organs of control and DS aborted conceptuses. We show that SOD1 mRNA levels are elevated in DS brain, lung, heart and thymus. DS livers show decreased SOD1 mRNA expression compared with controls. Since non-HSA21 antioxidant genes are reported to be concomitantly upregulated in certain DS tissues, we examined the expression of glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) in control and DS fetal organs. Interestingly, GPX1 expression was unchanged in the majority of DS organs and decreased in DS livers. We examined the SOD1 to GPX1 mRNA ratio in individual organs, as both enzymes form part of the body's defense against oxidative stress, and because a disproportionate increase of SOD1 to GPX1 results in noxious hydroxyl radical damage. All organs investigated show an approximately 2-fold increase in the SOD1 to GPX1 mRNA ratio. We propose that it is the altered antioxidant ratio that contributes to certain aspects of the DS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B de Haan
- Monash Institute of Reproduction and Development, Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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28
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29
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Webster J, Pritchard M. Postnatal depression and health care use. Aust Fam Physician 2001; 30:1024. [PMID: 11759449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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30
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Razzouk BI, Raimondi SC, Srivastava DK, Pritchard M, Behm FG, Tong X, Sandlund JT, Rubnitz JE, Pui CH, Ribeiro RC. Impact of treatment on the outcome of acute myeloid leukemia with inversion 16: a single institution's experience. Leukemia 2001; 15:1326-30. [PMID: 11516092 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To identify treatment factors that may affect the survival of children with inv(16)(p13.1q22), we compared the outcomes of 19 patients with this genetic feature treated at our institution during two treatment eras. Nine patients were treated during era 1 (1980 to 1987), and 10 were treated during era 2 (1988 to 1996). All entered complete remission (CR) with induction therapy. Eight of the nine children treated in era 1 died, seven of relapsed leukemia. In contrast, three of 10 patients treated during era 2 have died, all of non-disease-related causes. Event-free survival (EFS) estimates were significantly higher for patients treated during era 2 than for those treated during era 1 (P = 0.03); the 6-year estimates were 70 +/- 15% (s.e.) and 11 +/- 7%, respectively. Era 2 treatment protocols differed from those of era 1 in their use of higher doses of cytarabine and etoposide during induction and consolidation chemotherapy and in their use of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CDA). These results suggest that dose intensification of cytarabine benefits children with AML and inv(16), as is the case in adults. They also suggest that dose intensification of etoposide and addition of 2-CDA may also offer an advantage. This study underscores the dependence of the prognostic impact of cytogenetic features on the efficacy of treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adolescent
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Chromosome Inversion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
- Cladribine/therapeutic use
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Cytarabine/administration & dosage
- Cytarabine/therapeutic use
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Etoposide/administration & dosage
- Etoposide/therapeutic use
- Female
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Prognosis
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Razzouk
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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31
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Abstract
This review describes the evolution of pediatric oncology nursing research over the past 25 years. It highlights practice-changing contributions from single-site studies and from multisite trials and discusses strategies for interdisciplinary collaboration. Technological advances that will alter the way in which studies are conducted and findings are disseminated will influence the future of nursing research. Studies implemented by pediatric nurse researchers will continue to influence practice and change how we, and others, view the experience of childhood cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Schneider
- Graduate Oncology Nursing Program, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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32
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Hickman J, Potten C, Pritchard M, Jackman A, Meyer-Losic F. Apoptosis in the normal and malignant colon. Eur J Cancer 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(01)80513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxemia. Increasing the inspired oxygen immediately prior to suction (preoxygenation) has been proposed as an intervention to minimise the risk of complications. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of preoxygenation with no preoxygenation for endotracheal suctioning on ventilated newborn infants. To conduct sub group analyses by i) different populations of newborn infants; by gestational age <30 weeks, <34 weeks and <37 weeks and by disease; infants with chronic lung disease compared to those without and; ii) by different techniques of endotracheal suctioning; with or without disconnection from the ventilator, increased mechanical ventilation, use of manual ventilation and chest wall vibrations or percussion. SEARCH STRATEGY The standard search strategy of the Neonatal Review Group was used. This included searches of electronic databases; Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials; Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1 2001); MEDLINE (1966 - April 2001); and CINAHL (1982-2001) using MeSH term infant-newborn and text terms oxygen* and suction*, preoxygenation, pre-oxygenation and premature and also previous reviews including cross references, abstracts in conferences and symposia proceedings, expert informants, journal hand searching in the English language. SELECTION CRITERIA Random or quasi random controlled trials of mechanically ventilated neonates in which endotracheal suctioning with preoxygenation was compared to suctioning without preoxygenation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Standard methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and its Neonatal Review Group were used, including independent assessment of trial quality and extraction of data by the authors. Data were analysed using relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for data measured on a continuous scale with the use of 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS One cross-over trial involving outcomes for 16 preterm neonates was included in this review. Preoxygenation, prior to an endotracheal suctioning procedure involving two suctions, resulted in a statistically significant reduction in infants with hypoxemia (TcPO2 <40 mmHg) at the end of the first suction (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05, 0.69), at the end of the second suction (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.08, 0.66) and also at 120 seconds after the second suction (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.01, 0.69). Mean TcPO2 was statistically significantly higher in the preoxygenation group at the end of the first suction (MD 25.00 mmHg, 95%CI 14.20, 35.80), second suction (MD 24.80, 95% CI 14.80, 34.80) and also at 120 seconds after the second suction (MD 29.10, 95% CI 14.96, 43.24). The time taken to return to baseline oxygenation status was shorter than the group not receiving preoxygenation (MD -2.12 minutes, 95% CI -3.82, -0.42). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS No recommendations for practice can be confidently made from the results of this review. Although preoxygenation was shown to decrease hypoxemia at the time of suctioning, other clinically important short and longer-term outcomes including adverse effects were unable to be assessed. Further studies are needed to adequately assess the effects of this widely practiced procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pritchard
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Bowen Bridge road, Herston, Brisbane, Australia, 4029.
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34
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Nadal M, Vigo CG, Melaragno MI, Andrade JA, Alonso LG, Brunoni D, Pritchard M, Estivill X. Clinical and cytogenetic characterisation of a patient with Down syndrome resulting from a 21q22.1-->qter duplication. J Med Genet 2001; 38:73-6. [PMID: 11334012 PMCID: PMC1734728 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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35
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Chrast R, Scott HS, Papasavvas MP, Rossier C, Antonarakis ES, Barras C, Davisson MT, Schmidt C, Estivill X, Dierssen M, Pritchard M, Antonarakis SE. The mouse brain transcriptome by SAGE: differences in gene expression between P30 brains of the partial trisomy 16 mouse model of Down syndrome (Ts65Dn) and normals. Genome Res 2000; 10:2006-21. [PMID: 11116095 PMCID: PMC313062 DOI: 10.1101/gr.10.12.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2000] [Accepted: 10/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trisomy 21, or Down syndrome (DS), is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation. Changes in the neuropathology, neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology of DS patients' brains indicate that there is probably abnormal development and maintenance of central nervous system structure and function. The segmental trisomy mouse (Ts65Dn) is a model of DS that shows analogous neurobehavioral defects. We have studied the global gene expression profiles of normal and Ts65Dn male and normal female mice brains (P30) using the serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique. From the combined sample we collected a total of 152,791 RNA tags and observed 45,856 unique tags in the mouse brain transcriptome. There are 14 ribosomal protein genes (nine under expressed) among the 330 statistically significant differences between normal male and Ts65Dn male brains, which possibly implies abnormal ribosomal biogenesis in the development and maintenance of DS phenotypes. This study contributes to the establishment of a mouse brain transcriptome and provides the first overall analysis of the differences in gene expression in aneuploid versus normal mammalian brain cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chrast
- Division of Medical Genetics, Geneva University Medical School and University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a practical antenatal screen used at the Royal Women's Hospital, Brisbane, to identify women at risk for postnatal depression. It was a prospective, hospital-based, cohort study of 901 women (600 with and 301 without prenatal risk factors for postnatal depression). Depression was measured 16 weeks after the birth using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. More of the women with a prenatal risk factor for depression (25.9%) scored above 12 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale than those without any risk (10.9%) (p < or = 0.001). Low social support (p < or = 0.001), a personal history of mood disorder (p < or = 0.001) and a past history of postnatal depression ( p = 0.002) were all strongly associated with postnatal depression in this sample. Results indicate that an objective, psychosocial assessment during pregnancy improves recognition of women at risk for postnatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Webster
- Women's Health Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To better characterize childhood carcinoid tumors, the authors reviewed the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of pediatric patients with these rare tumors. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of medical records and pathologic materials of all children with carcinoid tumors treated at St Jude Children's Research Hospital between December 1977 and March 1999. RESULTS Eight patients (median age, 12.7 years) were identified; 2 were boys, and 7 were white. Primary tumor sites were the appendix (n = 5), small intestine (n = 1), bronchus (n = 1), and 1 unknown site. In 7 cases, carcinoid tumor was not suspected at the time the tumor was identified. Seven patients had localized disease; 5 remain disease-free after complete resection, and 2, whose carcinoid tumors were identified incidentally, died of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. One patient who presented with symptoms of carcinoid syndrome had metastatic disease that responded poorly to cytotoxic chemotherapy and remains alive with active disease. CONCLUSIONS Although most pediatric carcinoid tumors arise in the appendix, these tumors also occur in other primary sites. Clinical awareness and early diagnosis are important factors in preventing morbidity and mortality. Outcomes are excellent for patients with localized disease that is completely resected, but those with metastatic disease fare poorly. New therapeutic strategies are needed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Spunt
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA
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38
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Elgar DF, Norris CS, Ayers JS, Pritchard M, Otter DE, Palmano KP. Simultaneous separation and quantitation of the major bovine whey proteins including proteose peptone and caseinomacropeptide by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene. J Chromatogr A 2000; 878:183-96. [PMID: 10866065 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00288-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A precise, sensitive and reliable RP-HPLC method was developed to enable not only unequivocal determination of alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin in bovine whey samples, but also simultaneous measurement of proteose peptone, caseinomacropeptide, bovine serum albumin and immunoglobulin G. The optimised method on the Resource RPC column allowed separation of the proteins in 30 min and could be applied to the analysis of soluble proteins in a variety of commercial and laboratory whey products. Furthermore, some qualitative information on protein heterogeneity and quality could be derived from the RP-HPLC analyses with additional data available from on-line electrospray mass spectrometry. Within- and between-day repeatability over a wide range of concentrations was excellent (RSD< or =5%) for all proteins except immunoglobulin G and bovine serum albumin where RSD was 7-10%. Analysis of grouped data from whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate samples gave a limit of detection of < or =0.3% powder mass and a limit of quantitation of < or =1.0% powder mass for all proteins except immunoglobulin G. Limits of detection and quantitation were 0.6% and 2.0%, respectively, for this protein. Quantitative data obtained by the RP-HPLC method compared very favourably with data obtained by alternative methods of whey protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Elgar
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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39
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Nadal M, Valiente A, Domènech A, Pritchard M, Estivill X, Ramos-Arroyo MA. Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies: two cases with a reciprocal translocation t(16;17)(q12;11.2) interrupting the PMP22 gene. J Med Genet 2000; 37:396-8. [PMID: 10905899 PMCID: PMC1734578 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.37.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Fuentes JJ, Dierssen M, Pucharcós C, Fillat C, Casas C, Estivill X, Pritchard M. Application of Alu-splice PCR on chromosome 21: DSCR1 and Intersectin. J Neural Transm Suppl 2000; 57:337-52. [PMID: 10666688 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6380-1_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a major cause of mental retardation and congenital heart defects, with an overall incidence of one in 700 live births. DS is caused by increases in the amounts of a number of normal gene products, the exact number and identity of which are presently unknown. Elucidating the molecular basis of DS relies on the identification of the gene products whose augmentation by 50% or more causes symptoms of the disease. With the aim of contributing to the transcriptional map of human chromosome 21 and to identify new genes with potential involvement in DS, we developed a technique to isolate expressed sequences called Alu-splice PCR, which is very simple to perform and is independent of gene expression patterns. Putative exons are PCR amplified in genomic DNA by virtue of their proximity to Alu repeats using primers designed from splice-site consensus sequences in combination with specific Alu repeat primers. The Alu repeats, which are repetitive DNA elements found exclusively and at high frequency in the genomes of primates, impart the human specificity to the method. The splice-site consensus sequences were used to direct primers to exon boundaries. Using the Alu-splice technique, we have identified at least three new genes. We trapped an exon of DSCR1 (Down Syndrome Candidate Region 1) and two different exons of a gene called human Intersectin (ITSN). Presently, we are working with another novel trapped exon to identify the corresponding gene. The major advantage of Alu-splice PCR is that the technique can be readily established in any laboratory which has the basic facilities for molecular biology because no specialised materials or expertise is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Fuentes
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center-IRO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Pucharcós C, Fuentes JJ, Casas C, de la Luna S, Alcántara S, Arbonés ML, Soriano E, Estivill X, Pritchard M. Alu-splice cloning of human Intersectin (ITSN), a putative multivalent binding protein expressed in proliferating and differentiating neurons and overexpressed in Down syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 1999; 7:704-12. [PMID: 10482960 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
By Alu-splice PCR we have trapped two exons and subsequently identified the full length cDNA of a human gene, Intersectin (ITSN), which maps to chromosome 21q22.1 between markers D21S320 and D21S325. The gene has the potential to code for at least two different protein isoforms by alternative splicing (ITSN-L and ITSN-S). Intersectin exists with a high degree of similarity in flies, frogs and mammals, suggesting a conserved role in higher eukaryotes. Analysis of the expression pattern of human and mouse Intersectin detected mRNAs in all adult and foetal tissues tested, with the longer isoform present in brain. In situ hybridisation studies in the developing mouse brain showed ITSN expression in both proliferating and differentiating neurons. The genomic structure of ITSN was determined using the chromosome 21 sequences deposited in the public databases. The protein contains several known motifs which implicate ITSN in clathrin mediated endocytosis and synaptic vesicle recycling. The expression pattern of Intersectin in mouse brain, its presumed function and its overexpression in brains from Down syndrome patients, suggest that Intersectin may contribute in a gene dosage-dependent manner to some of the abnormalities of Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pucharcós
- Down Syndrome Research Group, Medical and Molecular Genetics Center, IRO, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kola
- Centre for Functional Genomics and Human Disease, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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43
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Horvath JC, Horak A, Sinkovics JG, Pritchard M, Pendleton S, Horvath E. Cancer vaccines with emphasis on a viral oncolysate melanoma vaccine. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 1999; 46:1-20. [PMID: 10331063 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.46.1999.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotherapy of malignant diseases has become the fourth treatment modality besides surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy. Whole cell melanoma vaccines with or without BCG and other adjuvants, purified ganglioside and shed antigens, recombinant viruses carrying tumor antigens, dendritic cells pulsed with antigenic peptides etc. are in clinical trials. Efficacious viral oncolysate vaccines induce the host to mount tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell response and prevention of relapses is supported by clinical trials. The use of "polyvalent" whole cell vaccines vs. purified or genetically engineered single antigen vaccines is justified as i. only very few single tumor antigens are present in all tumors of a given histological type; and ii. antigen modulation occurs in tumors rendering them resistant to immune attack generated by vaccine against a single antigen. Thus polyvalent vaccines immunize against several antigens vs. against a selected antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Horvath
- St. Joseph's Hospital Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tampa, FL 33607, USA
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44
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Guimera J, Casas C, Estivill X, Pritchard M. Human minibrain homologue (MNBH/DYRK1): characterization, alternative splicing, differential tissue expression, and overexpression in Down syndrome. Genomics 1999; 57:407-18. [PMID: 10329007 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The human homologue (MNBH/DYRK1) of the Drosophila minibrain gene maps to human chromosome 21 within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region and is within the region minimally deleted in chromosome 21-linked microcephaly. As a first step in gaining insight into the role that MNBH may have in human neurogenesis, and as a lead-up to the development of mouse models for MNBH overexpression, we have characterized the gene at the molecular level. We describe here the MNBH full-length transcript, alternative splicing, expression profile, and genomic organization. The full-length cDNA of MNBH is 5. 2 kb and is composed of 17 exons spanning 150 kb, between markers D21S335 and D21S337. Transcripts MNBHa and MNBHb arise from the use of different first exons in the 5'-UTR and are differentially expressed. MNBHa is expressed ubiquitiously in a broad spectrum of tissues and is apparently under the control of a CpG island. MNBHb is expressed only in heart and skeletal muscle and is apparently under the control of a TATA-like box. Four alternative splicing events affecting the C-terminus of the protein yield at least four isoforms of MNBH (MNBH-iso1, MNBH-iso2, MNBH-iso3, and MNBH-iso4). A PEST sequence, potentially involved in the rapid degradation of the protein, is present in all the isoforms. A histidine repeat and a serine/threonine domain are present only in the largest form of the protein (MNBH-iso1). MNBH was overexpressed 1.5-fold in DS brains and Dyrk1 about 2.1-fold in the brains of the Ts65Dn mice. The information provided here should be valuable for MNBH mutation studies and aid in the development of DS animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guimera
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Center-IRO, Hospital Duran i Reynals, Avia de Castelldefels, Km 2.7, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08907, Spain
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Douris K, Pritchard M. When you suspect elder abuse. Adv Nurse Pract 1999; 7:22. [PMID: 10382380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Douris
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Edhouse J, Wardrope J, Morris FP, Hough M, Knighton J, Ahmad R, Pritchard M, Fairfield M, Middleton J, Rawles J. Call to needle times after acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1999. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.318.7183.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ahmad R, Pritchard M, Fairfield M, Middleton J. Call to needle times after acute myocardial infarction. In Sandwell, patients are advised to dial 999 rather than call their GP. BMJ 1999; 318:598. [PMID: 10189211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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McLaughlin L, Burchell B, Pritchard M, Wolf CR, Friedberg T. Treatment of mammalian cells with the endoplasmic reticulum-proliferator compactin strongly induces recombinant and endogenous xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in vitro. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 4):515-23. [PMID: 9914163 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.4.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some xenobiotics induce membrane-bound drug metabolizing enzymes (Xme) and a profound proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in vivo. However these effects are much weaker in vitro, possibly due to absence of certain transcription factors. We tested the possibility that ER proliferation can affect the level of ER-resident enzymes even in the absence of transcriptional activation. For this purpose we analysed the effects of compactin, which has been shown to induce ER proliferation in vitro, on recombinant Xme, which were expressed from a constitutive viral promoter. High levels of recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1A6 were achieved by amplification of the UGT1A6 cDNA using the dihydrofolate reductase cDNA as selectable marker in DHFR- CHO cells. Treatment of the resulting cell lines with lipoprotein-deficient serum in the absence and presence of compactin for 5 days resulted in a 1.3- and 2.3-fold, respectively, increase of the UGT enzyme activity towards 4-methylumbelliferone, paralleled by an induction of immunoreactive UGT1A6 protein. Similarly, treatment with this 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor increased the endogenous P450 reductase activity 2.6-fold, concomitant with an increase of immunodetectable protein. As expected compactin induced the level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Increased levels of this protein have been associated with a proliferation of the ER. Compactin treatment of a separate cell line that expressed recombinant human P450 reductase increased this enzyme activity fivefold. Pulse-chase experiments revealed that the induction of the recombinant Xme by compactin was most likely due to decreased protein degradation. Our results show that enzyme systems unrelated to those involved in cholesterol biosynthesis are affected by compounds known to affect membrane biogenesis. Since this effect extends to heterologously expressed enzymes, it also provides an efficient means by which to increase the levels of recombinant ER proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L McLaughlin
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Repasky EA, Tims E, Pritchard M, Burd R. Characterization of mild whole-body hyperthermia protocols using human breast, ovarian, and colon tumors grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1999; 7:91-7. [PMID: 10231015 PMCID: PMC1784707 DOI: 10.1155/s1064744999000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have shown that one treatment of fever-like whole body hyperthermia (WBH) on mice bearing human breast tumors results in a tumor growth delay. Our goal was to repeat this study in mice bearing human ovarian or colon tumors. We further evaluated this WBH protocol by performing multiple and interrupted WBH treatments. METHODS Human tumors were grown in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. For WBH, core body temperatures were maintained at 39.8+/-0.2 degrees C for 6-8 hours. Multiple treatments were given 6-7 days apart. Interrupted WBH consisted of three 2-hour heatings, 15 minutes apart. Tumor growth time (TGT) was the number of days to grow 1.5 or 2 times in volume. RESULTS For WBH-treated ovarian tumors, TGT was 12+/-1.2d, compared with 5.0+/-0.1d for untreated mice (P < 0.05). For colon tumors with one WBH treatment TGT was 4.4+/-1.1d. Two and three treatments had TGTs of 9+/-2.3d and 8+/-1.6d. For the untreated tumors, TGT was 2+/-0.7d (P < 0.01 for one, two, and three treatments). Histological examination indicated that one and two treatments were associated with cellular damage within the tumors. With a slower growing colon tumor, the TGT was 24+/-3.3d with three WBH treatments, compared with 14+/-1.8d for controls (P < 0.01). The TGT of breast tumors treated with interrupted WBH was not significantly different than the noninterrupted, with TGT of 7.3+/-0.8d and 6.2+/-1.0d, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data illustrate that WBH causes a tumor growth delay in mice bearing human ovarian and colon tumors. This response is enhanced with a second treatment of WBH. Interrupted and noninterrupted WBH give comparable anti-tumor results. We will continue to evaluate WBH in various animal models to optimize its potential for clinical administration and maximize the anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Repasky E, Tims E, Pritchard M, Burd R. Characterization of mild whole-body hyperthermia protocols using human breast, ovarian, and colon tumors grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-0997(1999)7:1/2<91::aid-idog16>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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