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Zou X, Kang M, Wang H, Huang C, Shen C, Chu Y. Rapid and sensitive on-line monitoring 6 different kinds of volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples by spray inlet proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (SI-PTR-MS). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 177:217-223. [PMID: 28288430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aqueous samples is very important to human health and environmental protection. In this study, an on-line spray inlet proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (SI-PTR-MS) method was developed for the rapid and sensitive monitoring of 6 different kinds of VOCs, namely acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, ethanol, acetone, aether, and methylbenzene, in aqueous samples. The response time, limit of detection (LOD), and repeatability of the SI-PTR-MS system were evaluated. The response of the SI-PTR-MS was quite rapid with response times of 31-88 s. The LODs for all these VOCs were below 10 μg/L. The LOD of methylbenzene was 0.9 μg/L, much lower than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) in drinking water. The repeatability of this method was evaluated with 5 replicate determinations. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were in the range of 0.8-3.1%, indicating good repeatability. To evaluate the matrix effects, the SI-PTR-MS system was employed for on-line monitoring of these 6 VOCs in different aqueous matrices, including lake water, tap water, and waste water. The relative recoveries were in the range of 94.6-106.0% for the lake water, 96.3-105.6% for the tap water, and 95.6-102.9% for the waste water. The results indicate that the SI-PTR-MS method has important application values in the rapid and sensitive monitoring of VOCs in these aqueous samples. In addition, the effect of salt concentration on the extracting efficiency was evaluated. The results showed that the LOD of the SI-PTR-MS could be further decreased by changing the salt concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zou
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Meng Kang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, 230031, PR China.
| | - Yannan Chu
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, 230031, PR China
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Heidari M, Bahrami A, Ghiasvand AR, Shahna FG, Soltanian AR. A novel needle trap device with single wall carbon nanotubes sol–gel sorbent packed for sampling and analysis of volatile organohalogen compounds in air. Talanta 2012; 101:314-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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Kim HK, Kim SY, Lee SH. Solvent-free determination of BTEX in water using repetitive membrane extraction followed by GC-MS. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.5.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dobrzyńska E, Pośniak M, Szewczyńska M, Buszewski B. Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds—Old, However, Actual Analytical and Toxicological Problem. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340903547054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jakubowska N, Zygmunt B, Polkowska Ż, Zabiegała B, Namieśnik J. Sample preparation for gas chromatographic determination of halogenated volatile organic compounds in environmental and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:422-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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GAL C, ZHANG Y, NUTIU R. Application of Flat Polymer Membrane Microextraction for the Continuous Detection of Trihalomethanes in Aqueous Matrices. ANAL SCI 2009; 25:419-24. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen GAL
- Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin
| | - Yongjun ZHANG
- Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Fachgebiet Umweltverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität Berlin
| | - Remus NUTIU
- Universitatea de Vest, Facultatea de Chimie-Biologie
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Pérez Pavón JL, Herrero Martín S, García Pinto C, Moreno Cordero B. Determination of trihalomethanes in water samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 629:6-23. [PMID: 18940317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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Microanalysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Water Samples – Methods and Instruments. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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New membrane extraction cell for on-line analysis of VOCs or the simultaneous determination of VOCs and phenols in water. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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11
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Troubleshooting in the trace analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hauser B, Popp P. Combining membrane extraction with mobile gas chromatography for the field analysis of volatile organic compounds in contaminated waters. J Chromatogr A 2001; 909:3-12. [PMID: 11218139 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A mobile gas chromatographic device (Airmobtx HC 1000 monitor manufactured by Airmotec, Germany), originally designed for the analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in air, was connected to a flow cell for dynamic membrane extraction. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) diffuse out of a water stream through a hollow fibre, are enriched onto sorption tubes integrated in the mobile device, and are then thermally desorbed and analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection. Battery operation of the device enables continuous on-site analysis of VOCs. Influences of the water flow-rate on system response and memory effects were investigated. The linear range of the method depends on the flow-rate of the water sample and did not exceed two orders of magnitude. The detection limits for trichloroethene, chlorobenzene and the BTEX compounds were found to be between 0.1 and 1.0 microg/l using a water flow-rate of 30 ml/min. Dynamic membrane extraction combined with the mobile gas chromatographic device was used for the on-site analysis of contaminated waters in the area of Leipzig.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hauser
- UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
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Huybrechts T, Dewulf J, Moerman O, Van Langenhove H. Evaluation of purge-and-trap-high-resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of 27 volatile organic compounds in marine water at the ng l(-1) concentration level. J Chromatogr A 2000; 893:367-82. [PMID: 11073305 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00771-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purge-and-trap combined with high-resolution gas chromatography and detection by mass spectrometry was evaluated for the analysis of 27 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in marine water samples down to ng l(-1) concentration levels. The target compounds included chlorinated alkanes and alkenes, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and covered a wide range of VOCs of environmental interest. Limits of detection ranged from 0.15 ng l(-1) to 6.57 ng l(-1) for all VOCs, except for dichloromethane (41.07 ng l(-1)), chloroform (19.74 ng l(-1)), benzene (22.05 ng l(-1)) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (20.43 ng l(-1)). Precision and accuracy were determined at a concentration level of 25.97 to 66.68 ng l(-1). Besides method validation, emphasis was put on quality control and assessment during routine determination of VOCs in marine water samples. Analytical quality control charts were plotted for all VOCs and a standard addition test was performed, as proposed by the QUASIMEME (Quality Assurance of Information in Marine Environmental Monitoring Programmes in Europe) working group. The analytical charts were incorporated in a working scheme containing guidelines to be applied during routine determinations, ensuring the long time reliability of the analytical method. Results yielded by the QUASIMEME interlaboratory exercise on organohalogen measurements in seawater are presented. The exercise was attended by seven out of eight laboratories who agreed to participate. Samples taken along the Scheldt estuary, from Breskens (The Netherlands) to Temse (Antwerp, Belgium) were analysed according to the developed technique. Concentrations as low as 0.33 ng l(-1) (1,2-dichloropropane) were detected near the mouth of the river Scheldt, while concentrations up to 326 ng l(-1) for tetrachloroethene and 461 ng l(-1) for cyclohexane were found in the vicinity of Antwerp.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huybrechts
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Development of certified reference samples of solutions of trihalomethanes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02757203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in ambient air and natural waters: a review on recent developments of analytical methodology, performance and interpretation of field measurements. J Chromatogr A 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Baltussen E, David F, Sandra P, Janssen HG, Cramers CA. Retention model for sorptive extraction–thermal desorption of aqueous samples: application to the automated analysis of pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in water samples. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Biziuk M, Przyjazny A, Czerwinski J, Wiergowski M. Occurrence and determination of pesticides in natural and treated waters. J Chromatogr A 1996; 754:103-23. [PMID: 8997724 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides as environmental pollutants are described in detail along with their sources and paths of entry into various elements of the environment. Comprehensive literature data on the concentration of these pollutants in natural and treated waters and wastewaters are discussed. A wide selection of isolation and preconcentration techniques for these pollutants in water is presented and discussed. An emphasis is put on solid-phase extraction. In the case of the authors' work, a more detailed description is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Gdansk, Poland
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