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Sembada AA, Maki S, Faizal A, Fukuhara T, Suzuki T, Lenggoro IW. The Role of Silica Nanoparticles in Promoting the Germination of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum) Seeds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2110. [PMID: 37513121 PMCID: PMC10385787 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The addition of nanoparticles has been reported to be an effective strategy for enhancing seed germination, but the underlying mechanisms whereby this occurs are unclear. In the present study, we added silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to an aqueous growth medium in which tomato seeds were germinated. We examined the effects of SiNPs on growth and possible mechanisms of action. SiNPs had a diameter of 10-17 nm and 110-120 nm. SiNPs shortened the mean germination time from 5.24 ± 0.29 days to 4.64 ± 0.29 days. Seedling vigor, measured by criteria including length and weight, was also improved compared to the control condition. The presence of SiNPs in the seedlings was assessed using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The nanoparticles may have promoted germination by enhancing water imbibition by the seeds or altering the external microenvironment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed changes in the seed coat during germination, many of which were only observed in the presence of nanoparticles. Soil bacteria affect germination; specifically, Bacillus sp. may promote germination. The number of Bacillus sp. changed in the germination medium with SiNPs compared to the control. This suggested that these bacteria could interact with SiNPs to promote germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Awal Sembada
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Maki
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka 940-2188, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ahmad Faizal
- Plant Science and Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Toshiyuki Fukuhara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications & Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - I Wuled Lenggoro
- Chemical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Bio-Applications & Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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Phase diagram of colloidal crystals of poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres in the exhaustively deionized dispersion. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Drying dissipative structures of spindle-shaped hematite particles coated with polymer brush. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3164-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Cationic gel crystals and amorphous solids of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) spheres in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3228-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Colloidal crystallization of spindle-shaped hematite particles coated with polymer brush in deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Distorted colloidal crystal of similar-sized aggregates (1.5 μm in diameter) of nano-sized diamond particles (4 nm in diameter). Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Cationic gel crystals of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) spheres (170∼180 nm in diameter) in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kodiyath R, Choi I, Patterson B, Tsitsilianis C, Tsukruk VV. Interfacial behavior of pH responsive ampholytic heteroarm star block terpolymers. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Okubo T, Fujii S, Aono K, Nakamura Y, Tsuchida A. Colloidal crystallization of cationic gel spheres of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Crystal structure of thermosensitive gel spheres of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) in the deionized aqueous suspension as studied by the static light-scattering measurements. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Static and dynamic light-scattering of colloidal crystals of monodispersed polystyrene spheres. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Suspension Structures of Deionized Colloidal Silica Spheres As Studied by the Reflection and Transmission Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19920960110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Okubo T, Kimura K, Tsuchida A. Drying dissipative patterns of the colloidal crystals of silica spheres in an dc-electric field. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 56:201-9. [PMID: 17126538 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drying dissipative structural patterns of the colloidal crystals of silica spheres were studied under an dc-electric field. Platinum plate electrodes of anode and cathode were set on a cover glass. The broad hills accumulated with the spheres were observed at the outer edges of the dried film without and also with the electric fields. The column-like structures were formed by the electric flux, and movement of the spheres took place toward anode. The dried film kept colloidal crystal structure, where the nearest-neighbored spheres contact each other more compactly in the areas closer to the anode. Drying times needed for the complete dryness of the suspensions decreased as the strength of the electric field increased. Addition of sodium chloride to the suspensions retarded the movement of spheres toward the anode substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneo Okubo
- Institute for Colloidal Organization, Hatoyama 3-1-112, Uji, Kyoto 611-0012, Japan.
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Medebach M, Jordán RC, Reiber H, Schöpe HJ, Biehl R, Evers M, Hessinger D, Olah J, Palberg T, Schönberger E, Wette P. Drude-type conductivity of charged sphere colloidal crystals: Density and temperature dependence. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:104903. [PMID: 16178620 DOI: 10.1063/1.1997134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on extensive measurements in the low-frequency limit of the ac conductivity of colloidal fluids and crystals formed from charged colloidal spheres suspended in de-ionized water. Temperature was varied in a range of 5 degrees C < Theta < 35 degrees C and the particle number density n between 0.2 and 25 microm(-3) for the larger, respectively, 2.75 and 210 microm(-3) for the smaller of two investigated species. At fixed Theta the conductivity increased linearly with increasing n without any significant change at the fluid-solid phase boundary. At fixed n it increased with increasing Theta and the increase was more pronounced for larger n. Lacking a rigorous electrohydrodynamic treatment for counterion-dominated systems we describe our data with a simple model relating to Drude's theory of metal conductivity. The key parameter is an effectively transported particle charge or valence Z(*). All temperature dependencies other than that of Z(*) were taken from literature. Within experimental resolution Z(*) was found to be independent of n irrespective of the suspension structure. Interestingly, Z(*) decreases with temperature in near quantitative agreement with numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Medebach
- Institut fur Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
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Kimura H, Niimi H, Tsuchida A, Okubo T. Importance of the electrical double layers for the rheological properties of colloidal liquids. Colloid Polym Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-004-1247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Hidalgo-Álvarez R, Martín A, Fernández A, Bastos D, Martínez F, de las Nieves F. Electrokinetic properties, colloidal stability and aggregation kinetics of polymer colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(96)00297-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Okubo T, Fujita H. Phase diagram of alloy crystal in the exhaustively deionized suspensions of binary mixtures of colloidal spheres. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00654057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Okubo T, Kiriyama K, Nemoto N, Hashimoto H. Static and dynamic light-scattering of colloidal gases, liquids and crystals. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00663441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Okubo T, Fujita H, Kiriyama K, Yamaoka H. Colloidal single crystals of silica spheres in the presence of simple- and poly-electrolytes, and ionic detergents. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00658912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Okubo T, Kiriyama K, Yamaoka H, Nemoto N. Dynamic properties of giant colloidal single crystals. Dynamic light scattering of monodispersed polystyrene spheres (192 nm in diameter) in deionized suspension. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0927-7757(95)03210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Okubo T. Rigidity of colloidal crystals as studied by the diffusion equilibrium method. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Okubo T. Another look at the melting temperature of colloidal crystals in the completely deionized suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00659457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Large single crystals of colloidal silica spheres appearing in deionized and diluted suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00651821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Matsumoto T, Inoue H. Application of the Yukawa potential to the auto-controlled mechanism of the ovalbumin molecule in aqueous systems. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)87027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Okubo T. Melting temperature of colloidal crystals of monodisperse silica spheres. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Okubo T. Counter-ion specificity in colloidal ‘crystals’ and ‘liquids’ as studied by transmitted-light spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9918701361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Okubo T. Alloy structures in binary mixtures of highly deionized colloids at sedimentation equilibrium. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Okubo T. Reply to the letter by R. Buscall. J Colloid Interface Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(90)90242-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Okubo T. Refractometric studies of “liquid-like” and “crystal-like” colloids in deionized solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9797(90)90311-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Counter ion condensation on mixed cationic/nonionic micellar systems: Bjerrum's electrostatic condition. Colloid Polym Sci 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01410429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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35
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Okubo T. Microscopic observation of gas‐like, liquid‐like, and crystal‐like distributions of deionized colloidal spheres and the importance of the Debye‐screening length. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.455983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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