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Speck FD, Paul MTY, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Gatalo M, Kim H, Kwon HC, Mayrhofer KJJ, Choi M, Choi CH, Hodnik N, Cherevko S. Atomistic Insights into the Stability of Pt Single-Atom Electrocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15496-15504. [PMID: 32794757 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have quickly emerged as a new class of catalytic materials. When confronted with classical carbon-supported nanoparticulated catalysts (Pt/C), SACs are often claimed to have superior electrocatalytic properties, e.g., stability. In this study, we critically assess this statement by investigating S-doped carbon-supported Pt SACs as a representative example of noble-metal-based SACs. We use a set of complementary techniques, which includes online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (online ICP-MS), identical location transmission electron microscopy (IL-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is shown by online ICP-MS that the dissolution behavior of as-synthesized Pt SACs is significantly different from that of metallic Pt/C. Moreover, Pt SACs are, indeed, confirmed to be more stable toward Pt dissolution. When cycled to potentials of up to 1.5 VRHE, however, the dissolution profiles of Pt SACs and Pt/C become similar. IL-TEM and XPS show that this transition is due to morphological and chemical changes caused by cycling. The latter, in turn, is a consequence of the relatively poor stability of S ligands. As monitored by online ICP-MS and XPS, significant amounts of sulfur leave the catalyst during oxidation. Hence, in case catalysts with improved stability in the anodic potential region are desired, more robust supports and ligands must be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian D Speck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael T Y Paul
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Chang Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Egerlandstrasse, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ruge M, Drnec J, Rahn B, Reikowski F, Harrington DA, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Structural Reorganization of Pt(111) Electrodes by Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4532-4539. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruge
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Björn Rahn
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A. Harrington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Felici
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Eiber CD, Lovell NH, Suaning GJ. Attaining higher resolution visual prosthetics: a review of the factors and limitations. J Neural Eng 2013; 10:011002. [PMID: 23337266 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/1/011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Visual prosthetics is an expanding subfield of functional electrical stimulation which has gained increased interest recently in light of new advances in treatments and technology. These treatments and technology represent a major improvement over prior art, but are still subject to a host of limitations which are dependent on the manner in which one approaches the topic of visual prosthetics. These limitations pose new research challenges whose solutions are directly applicable to the well-being of blind individuals everywhere. In this review, we will outline and critically compare major current approaches to visual prosthetics, and in particular retinal prosthetics. Then, we will engage in an in-depth discussion of the limitations imposed by current technology, physics, and the underlying biology of the retina to highlight several of the challenges currently facing researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Eiber
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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