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Wiegmann T, Pacheco I, Reikowski F, Stettner J, Qiu C, Bouvier M, Bertram M, Faisal F, Brummel O, Libuda J, Drnec J, Allongue P, Maroun F, Magnussen OM. Operando Identification of the Reversible Skin Layer on Co 3O 4 as a Three-Dimensional Reaction Zone for Oxygen Evolution. ACS Catal 2022; 12:3256-3268. [PMID: 35359579 PMCID: PMC8939430 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
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Co oxides and oxyhydroxides
have been studied extensively in the
past as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) in neutral to alkaline media. Earlier studies showed the formation
of an ultrathin CoOx(OH)y skin layer on Co3O4 at potentials
above 1.15 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), but the precise
influence of this skin layer on the OER reactivity is still under
debate. We present here a systematic study of epitaxial spinel-type
Co3O4 films with defined (111) orientation,
prepared on different substrates by electrodeposition or physical
vapor deposition. The OER overpotential of these samples may vary
up to 120 mV, corresponding to two orders of magnitude differences
in current density, which cannot be accounted for by differences in
the electrochemically active surface area. We demonstrate by a careful
analysis of operando surface X-ray diffraction measurements
that these differences are clearly correlated with the average thickness
of the skin layer. The OER reactivity increases with the amount of
formed skin layer, indicating that the entire three-dimensional skin
layer is an OER-active interphase. Furthermore, a scaling relationship
between the reaction centers in the skin layer and the OER activity
is established. It suggests that two lattice sites are involved in
the OER mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivan Pacheco
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathilde Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Manon Bertram
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Firas Faisal
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Grumelli D, Wiegmann T, Barja S, Reikowski F, Maroun F, Allongue P, Balajka J, Parkinson GS, Diebold U, Kern K, Magnussen OM. Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe 3 O 4 (001) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21904-21908. [PMID: 32729209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Establishing the atomic-scale structure of metal-oxide surfaces during electrochemical reactions is a key step to modeling this important class of electrocatalysts. Here, we demonstrate that the characteristic (√2×√2)R45° surface reconstruction formed on (001)-oriented magnetite single crystals is maintained after immersion in 0.1 M NaOH at 0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl and we investigate its dependence on the electrode potential. We follow the evolution of the surface using in situ and operando surface X-ray diffraction from the onset of hydrogen evolution, to potentials deep in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime. The reconstruction remains stable for hours between -0.20 and 0.60 V and, surprisingly, is still present at anodic current densities of up to 10 mA cm-2 and strongly affects the OER kinetics. We attribute this to a stabilization of the Fe3 O4 bulk by the reconstructed surface. At more negative potentials, a gradual and largely irreversible lifting of the reconstruction is observed due to the onset of oxide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Grumelli
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Fisicoquimcas Teoricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentine
| | | | - Sara Barja
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU-CSIC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jan Balajka
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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Grumelli D, Wiegmann T, Barja S, Reikowski F, Maroun F, Allongue P, Balajka J, Parkinson GS, Diebold U, Kern K, Magnussen OM. Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe
3
O
4
(001) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Grumelli
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Fisicoquimcas Teoricas y Aplicadas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentine
| | | | - Sara Barja
- Departamento de Física de Materiales Centro de Física de Materiales University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU-CSIC) Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée CNRS, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée CNRS, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Jan Balajka
- Institute of Applied Physics TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
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Reikowski F, Maroun F, Pacheco I, Wiegmann T, Allongue P, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Operando Surface X-ray Diffraction Studies of Structurally Defined Co3O4 and CoOOH Thin Films during Oxygen Evolution. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivan Pacheco
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Maroun F, Reikowski F, Di N, Wiegmann T, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Allongue P. Potential dependence of the structure and magnetism of electrodeposited Pd/Co/Au(111) layers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Drnec J, Ruge M, Reikowski F, Rahn B, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Pt oxide and oxygen reduction at Pt(111) studied by surface X-ray diffraction. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Ruge M, Drnec J, Rahn B, Reikowski F, Harrington DA, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Structural Reorganization of Pt(111) Electrodes by Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4532-4539. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruge
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Björn Rahn
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A. Harrington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Felici
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Reikowski F, Wiegmann T, Stettner J, Drnec J, Honkimäki V, Maroun F, Allongue P, Magnussen OM. Transmission Surface Diffraction for Operando Studies of Heterogeneous Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1067-1071. [PMID: 28201875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Processes at material interfaces to liquids or to high-pressure gases often involve structural changes that are heterogeneous on the micrometer scale. We present a novel in situ X-ray scattering technique that uses high-energy photons and a transmission geometry for atomic-scale studies under these conditions. Transmission surface diffraction gives access to a large fraction of reciprocal space in a single acquisition, allowing direct imaging of the in-plane atomic arrangement at the interface. Experiments with focused X-ray beams enable mapping of these structural properties with micrometer spatial resolution. The potential of this new technique is illustrated by in situ studies of electrochemical surface phase transitions and deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Drnec J, Ruge M, Reikowski F, Rahn B, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Initial stages of Pt(111) electrooxidation: dynamic and structural studies by surface X-ray diffraction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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