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Junaid M, Khir MHM, Witjaksono G, Tansu N, Saheed MSM, Kumar P, Ullah Z, Yar A, Usman F. Boron-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide with Tunable Bandgap and Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3646. [PMID: 32796504 PMCID: PMC7465222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its hybrids are being employed as potential materials in light-sensing devices due to their high optical and electronic properties. However, the absence of a bandgap in graphene limits the realization of devices with high performance. In this work, a boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) is proposed to overcome the above problems. Boron doping enhances the conductivity of graphene oxide and creates several defect sites during the reduction process, which can play a vital role in achieving high-sensing performance of light-sensing devices. Initially, the B-rGO is synthesized using a modified microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and later analyzed using standard FESEM, FTIR, XPS, Raman, and XRD techniques. The content of boron in doped rGO was found to be 6.51 at.%. The B-rGO showed a tunable optical bandgap from 2.91 to 3.05 eV in the visible spectrum with an electrical conductivity of 0.816 S/cm. The optical constants obtained from UV-Vis absorption spectra suggested an enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response for B-rGO in the theoretical study, which was further verified by experimental investigations. The B-rGO with tunable bandgap and enhanced SPR could open up the solution for future high-performance optoelectronic and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - M. H. Md Khir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Gunawan Witjaksono
- BRI Institute, Jl. Harsono RM No.2, Ragunan, Passsar Minggu, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia;
| | - Nelson Tansu
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Zaka Ullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Asfand Yar
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.Y.); (F.U.)
| | - Fahad Usman
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.Y.); (F.U.)
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Schuett FM, Esau D, Varvaris KL, Gelman S, Björk J, Rosen J, Jerkiewicz G, Jacob T. Controlled-Atmosphere Flame Fusion Single-Crystal Growth of Non-Noble fcc, hcp, and bcc Metals Using Copper, Cobalt, and Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13246-13252. [PMID: 32250028 PMCID: PMC7496678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The growth of noble‐metal single crystals via the flame fusion method was developed in the 1980s. Since then, there have been no major advancements to the technique until the recent development of the controlled‐atmosphere flame fusion (CAFF) method to grow non‐noble Ni single crystals. Herein, we demonstrate the generality of this method with the first preparation of fcc Cu as well as the first hcp and bcc single crystals of Co and Fe, respectively. The high quality of the single crystals was verified using scanning electron microscopy and Laue X‐ray backscattering. Based on Wulff constructions, the equilibrium shapes of the single‐crystal particles were studied, confirming the symmetry of the fcc, hcp, and bcc single‐crystal lattices. The low cost of the CAFF method makes all kinds of high‐quality non‐noble single crystals independent of their lattice accessible for use in electrocatalysis, electrochemistry, surface science, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Derek Esau
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Liam Varvaris
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Shelly Gelman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rosen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Schuett FM, Esau D, Varvaris KL, Gelman S, Björk J, Rosen J, Jerkiewicz G, Jacob T. Controlled‐Atmosphere Flame Fusion Single‐Crystal Growth of Non‐Noble fcc, hcp, and bcc Metals Using Copper, Cobalt, and Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M. Schuett
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Derek Esau
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - K. Liam Varvaris
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Shelly Gelman
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Johanna Rosen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM Linköping University 58183 Linköping Sweden
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute-Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage Helmholtzstr. 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
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Jeyabharathi C, Zander M, Scholz F. Underpotential deposition of lead on quasi-spherical and faceted gold nanoparticles. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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El Jawad MK, Gilles B, Maillard F. Structure and Surface Reactivity of Ultra-Thin Pt/W(111) Films. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-015-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tan TL, Wang LL, Zhang J, Johnson DD, Bai K. Platinum Nanoparticle During Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution: Adsorbate Distribution, Active Reaction Species, and Size Effect. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501840c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teck L. Tan
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 311 TASF, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
| | - Jia Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Duane D. Johnson
- Ames
Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, 311 TASF, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3020, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kewu Bai
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology
and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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Petrii OA. Zero charge potentials of platinum metals and electron work functions (Review). RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193513050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Electrochemical Characterization of Shape-Controlled Pt Nanoparticles in Different Supporting Electrolytes. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200681x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dretschkow TH, Wandlowski TH. The kinetics of structural changes in anionic adlayers on stepped Au(111)s electrodes from sulfuric acid solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Herrero E, Buller LJ, Abruña HD. Underpotential deposition at single crystal surfaces of Au, Pt, Ag and other materials. Chem Rev 2001; 101:1897-930. [PMID: 11710235 DOI: 10.1021/cr9600363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Herrero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-130, USA
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Wong SS, Porter MD. Origin of the multiple voltammetric desorption waves of long-chain alkanethiolate monolayers chemisorbed on annealed gold electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Walters MJ, Pettit CM, Bock FX, Biss DP, Roy D. Capacitance of a metal/liquid interface during anion adsorption: phase-selective measurement in the presence of d.c. voltage sweep and finite solution resistance. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199912)27:12<1027::aid-sia671>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Silva F, Martins A. Surface structural effects on specific adsorption of oxoanions on gold single crystal electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Characterization of electrochemically deposited gold nanocrystals on glassy carbon electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(99)00154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Silva F, Martins A. Surface reconstruction of gold single crystals: electrochemical evidence of the effect of adsorbed anions and influence of steps and terraces. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abruña H, Feliu J, Brock J, Buller L, Herrero E, Li J, Gómez R, Finnefrock A. Anion and electrode surface structure effects on the deposition of metal monolayers: electrochemical and time-resolved surface diffraction studies. Electrochim Acta 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Motheo A, Sadkowski A, Neves R. Electrochemical immittance spectroscopy applied to the study of the single crystal gold/aqueous perchloric acid interface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(97)00255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Caruana D, Bannister J. Surface properties of fractured and polished platinum microelectrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(96)04910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Buller LJ, Herrero E, Gómez R, Feliu JM, Abruña HD. Induced adsorption of sulfate/bisulfate anions by submonolayer amounts of copper on deliberately stepped Pt surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9969203757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Oxidation of methanol on platinum single crystal stepped electrodes from [110] zone in acid solution. Electrochim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(96)00018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Walczak MM, Alves CA, Lamp BD, Porter MD. Electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic evidence for differences in the binding sites of alkanethiolate monolayers chemisorbed at gold. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04056-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nishihara C, Nozoye H. Influence of underpotential deposition of copper with submonolayer coverage on hydrogen adsorption at the stepped surfaces Pt(955), Pt(322) and Pt(544) in sulfuric acid solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(95)04181-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hydrogen evolution reaction: a kinetic study on electrodes with two domains of adsorption sites. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(94)03849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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