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Yang A, Herter-Sprie G, Zhang H, Lin EY, Biancur D, Wang X, Deng J, Hai J, Yang S, Wong KK, Kimmelman AC. Autophagy Sustains Pancreatic Cancer Growth through Both Cell-Autonomous and Nonautonomous Mechanisms. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:276-287. [PMID: 29317452 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been shown to be elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its role in promoting established tumor growth has made it a promising therapeutic target. However, due to limitations of prior mouse models as well as the lack of potent and selective autophagy inhibitors, the ability to fully assess the mechanistic basis of how autophagy supports pancreatic cancer has been limited. To test the feasibility of treating PDAC using autophagy inhibition and further our understanding of the mechanisms of protumor effects of autophagy, we developed a mouse model that allowed the acute and reversible inhibition of autophagy. We observed that autophagy inhibition causes significant tumor regression in an autochthonous mouse model of PDAC. A detailed analysis of these effects indicated that the tumor regression was likely multifactorial, involving both tumor cell-intrinsic and host effects. Thus, our study supports that autophagy inhibition in PDAC may have future utility in the treatment of pancreatic cancer and illustrates the importance of assessing complex biological processes in relevant autochthonous models.Significance: This work demonstrates that autophagy is critical pancreatic tumor maintenance through tumor cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms. These results have direct clinical relevance to ongoing clinical trials as well as drug-development initiatives. Cancer Discov; 8(3); 276-87. ©2018 AACR.See related commentary by Noguera-Ortega and Amaravadi, p. 266This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 253.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grit Herter-Sprie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elaine Y Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Douglas Biancur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiehui Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josephine Hai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shenghong Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Medical Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Medical School, New York, New York
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Medical School, New York, New York
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2
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Effective combinatorial immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature 2017; 543:728-732. [PMID: 28321130 PMCID: PMC5374023 DOI: 10.1038/nature21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A significant fraction of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) experience relapse with relentless progression to lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)1. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using antibodies against cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) or programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD1/PD-L1) generates durable therapeutic responses in a significant subset of patients across a variety of cancer types2. However, mCRPC showed overwhelming de novo resistance to ICB3–5, motivating a search for targeted therapies that overcome this resistance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to play important roles in tumor immune evasion6. Circulating MDSC abundance correlates with PSA levels and metastasis in PCa patients7–9. Mouse models of PCa show that MDSCs (CD11b+ Gr1+) promote tumor initiation10 and progression11. These observations prompted us to hypothesize that robust immunotherapy responses in mCRPC may be elicited by the combined actions of ICB agents together with targeted agents that neutralize MDSCs yet preserve T cell function. Here we developed a novel chimeric mouse model of mCRPC to efficiently test combination therapies in an autochthonous setting. Combination of anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 engendered only modest efficacy. Targeted therapy against mCRPC-infiltrating MDSCs, using multikinase inhibitors such as cabozantinib and BEZ235, also showed minimal anti-tumor activities. Strikingly, primary and metastatic CRPC showed robust synergistic responses when ICB was combined with MDSC-targeted therapy. Mechanistically, combination therapy efficacy stemmed from the upregulation of IL-1ra and suppression of MDSC-promoting cytokines secreted by PCa cells. These observations illuminate a clinical path hypothesis for combining ICB with MDSC-targeted therapies in the treatment of mCRPC.
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3
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Wang Q, Wang N, Zhang X, Hu W. A simple PCR-based method for the rapid genotyping of inherited fifth complement component (C5)-deficient mice. Exp Anim 2015; 64:261-8. [PMID: 25765875 PMCID: PMC4547999 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth component of complement (C5) is considered to be the center of complement
activation and function. However, there are no genetically engineered knockout mice for
this gene, and the only commercially available inherited C5-deficient mice, in which a
“TA” nucleotide deletion in the coding frame was previously identified, are in
theC57BL/10Sn genetic background rather than the commonly used backgrounds C57BL/6 and
BALB/c. Therefore, these mice must be backcrossed into the desired genetic background.
Here, we developed an ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) PCR method using a
specific primer pair that was able to discriminate between the genotypes when the
resulting product was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. These results were
supported by quantitative RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR and were consistent with the
results from sequencing each backcrossed generation. Using ARMS-PCR method, we generated
C5-deficient mice in the C57BL/6 background over 9 backcrossed generations and further
verified the phenotype using complement-mediated hemolytic assays. In this study, we
describe a simple, rapid and reliable PCR-based method for genotyping inherited
C5-deficient mice that may be used to backcross C57BL/10Sn mice into other genetic
backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkai Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
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Reichenbach DK, Li Q, Hoffman RA, Williams AL, Shlomchik WD, Rothstein DM, Demetris AJ, Lakkis FG. Allograft outcomes in outbred mice. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:580-8. [PMID: 23311531 PMCID: PMC3582712 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression and lack of genetic diversity in inbred mice could mask unappreciated causes of graft failure or remove barriers to tolerance induction. To test these possibilities, we performed heart transplantation between outbred or inbred mice. Unlike untreated inbred mice in which all allografts were rejected acutely (6-16 days posttransplantation), untreated outbred mice had heterogeneous outcomes, with grafts failing early (<4 days posttransplantation), acutely (6-24 days) or undergoing chronic rejection (>75 days). Blocking T cell costimulation induced long-term graft acceptance in both inbred and outbred mice, but did not prevent the early graft failure observed in the latter. Further investigation of this early phenotype established that it is dependent on the donor, and not the recipient, being outbred and that it is characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis and neutrophilic vasculitis in the graft without preformed, high titer antidonor antibodies in the recipient. Complement or neutrophil depletion prevented early failure of outbred grafts, whereas transplanting CD73-deficient inbred hearts, which are highly susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury, recapitulated the early phenotype. Therefore, outbred mice could provide broader insight into donor and recipient determinants of allograft outcomes but their hybrid vigor and genetic diversity do not constitute a uniform barrier to tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn K. Reichenbach
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Qi Li
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Rosemary A. Hoffman
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Amanda L. Williams
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Warren D. Shlomchik
- Departments of Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - David M. Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - A. Jake Demetris
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
| | - Fadi G. Lakkis
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261
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5
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Petkov SG, Marks H, Klein T, Garcia RS, Gao Y, Stunnenberg H, Hyttel P. In vitro culture and characterization of putative porcine embryonic germ cells derived from domestic breeds and Yucatan mini pig embryos at Days 20–24 of gestation. Stem Cell Res 2011; 6:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2011.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Roh SY, Park MJ, Park H, Cho SG, Min SY, Lee JW, Min WS, Kim CC, Kim HY, Chang HS. Practical Evaluation of Engraftment and Mixed Chimerism Using PCR Amplification of a Microsatellite in the Class II Eb Gene in Murine MHC-mismatched, Nonmyeloablative Bone Marrow Transplantation. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2007.42.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Young Roh
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- Rhematism Research Center, Catholic Institute of Medical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsil Park
- Rhematism Research Center, Catholic Institute of Medical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Goo Cho
- Rhematism Research Center, Catholic Institute of Medical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Youn Min
- Rhematism Research Center, Catholic Institute of Medical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Min
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Choo Kim
- Catholic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Rhematism Research Center, Catholic Institute of Medical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Bauer K, Knipper A, Tu-Rapp H, Koczan D, Kreutzer HJ, Nizze H, Mix E, Thiesen HJ, Holmdahl R, Ibrahim SM. Perforin deficiency attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R877-84. [PMID: 15987490 PMCID: PMC1175039 DOI: 10.1186/ar1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2004] [Revised: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an approved animal model for rheumatoid arthritis, is thought to be a T cell-dependent disease. There is evidence that CD8+ T cells are a major subset controlling the pathogenesis of CIA. They probably contribute to certain features of disease, namely tissue destruction and synovial hyperplasia. In this study we examined the role of perforin (pfp), a key molecule of the cytotoxic death pathway that is expressed mainly in CD8+ T cells, for the pathogenesis of CIA. We generated DBA/1J mice suffering from mutations of the pfp molecule, DBA/1J-pfp-/-, and studied their susceptibility to arthritis. As a result, pfp-deficient mice showed a reduced incidence (DBA/1J-pfp+/+, 64%; DBA/1J-pfp-/-, 54%), a slightly delayed onset (onset of disease: DBA/1J-pfp+/+, 53 +/- 3.6; DBA/1J-pfp-/-, 59 +/- 4.9 (mean +/- SEM), and milder form of the disease (maximum disease score: DBA/1J-pfp+/+, 7.3 +/- 1.1; DBA/1J-pfp-/-, 3.4 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SEM); P < 0.05). Concomitantly, peripheral T cell proliferation in response to the specific antigen bovine collagen II was increased in pfp-/- mice compared with pfp+/+ mice, arguing for an impaired killing of autoreactive T cells caused by pfp deficiency. Thus, pfp-mediated cytotoxicity is involved in the initiation of tissue damage in arthritis, but pfp-independent cytotoxic death pathways might also contribute to CIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bauer
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Annika Knipper
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hoang Tu-Rapp
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Horst Nizze
- Institute of Pathology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eilhard Mix
- Institute of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Section for Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Takeuchi Y, Watanabe S, Ishii G, Takeda S, Nakayama K, Fukumoto S, Kaneta Y, Inoue D, Matsumoto T, Harigaya K, Fujita T. Interleukin-11 as a stimulatory factor for bone formation prevents bone loss with advancing age in mice. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:49011-8. [PMID: 12384500 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m207804200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines in interleukin (IL)-11 subfamily participate in the regulation of bone cell proliferation and differentiation. We report here positive effects of IL-11 on osteoblasts and bone formation. Overexpression of human IL-11 gene in transgenic mice resulted in the stimulation of bone formation to increase cortical thickness and strength of long bones, and in the prevention of cortical bone loss with advancing age. Bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis were not affected in IL-11 transgenic mice. In experiments in vitro, IL-11 stimulated transcription of the target gene for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) via STAT3, leading to osteoblastic differentiation in the presence of BMP-2, but inhibited adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells. These results indicate that IL-11 is a stimulatory factor for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation to conserve cortical bone, possibly by enhancing BMP actions in bone. IL-11 may be a new therapeutic target for senile osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takeuchi
- Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Japan.
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9
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Hietala MA, Jonsson IM, Tarkowski A, Kleinau S, Pekna M. Complement deficiency ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:454-9. [PMID: 12077276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an experimental animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis being characterized by synovitis and progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. CIA is induced by injection of heterologous or homologous collagen type II in a susceptible murine strain. DBA/1J mice deficient of complement factors C3 (C3(-/-)) and factor B (FB(-/-)) were generated to elucidate the role of the complement system in CIA. When immunized with bovine collagen type II emulsified in CFA, control mice developed severe arthritis and high CII-specific IgG Ab titers. In contrast, the C3(-/-) and FB(-/-) were highly resistant to CIA and displayed decreased CII-specific IgG Ab response. A repeated bovine collagen type II exposure 3 wk after the initial immunization led to an increase in the Ab response in all mice and triggered arthritis also in the complement-deficient mice. Although the arthritic score of the C3(-/-) mice was low, the arthritis in FB(-/-) mice ranked intermediate with regard to C3(-/-) and control mice. We conclude that complement activation by both the classical and the alternative pathway plays a deleterious role in CIA.
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MESH Headings
- Alleles
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Bone and Bones/immunology
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cattle
- Collagen Type II/administration & dosage
- Collagen Type II/immunology
- Complement C3/deficiency
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement Factor B/deficiency
- Complement Factor B/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Albert Hietala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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10
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Carroll LS, Potts WK. Accumulated background variation among H2 mutant congenic strains: elimination through PCR-based genotyping of F2 segregants. J Immunol Methods 2001; 257:137-43. [PMID: 11687247 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(01)00456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many commercially and privately available congenic strains of laboratory animals were founded decades ago and are likely to differ from one another by dozens of fixed mutational differences at background loci. This problem is often ignored despite growing evidence that such background variation exists. Eliminating this confounding variation can be largely accomplished by crossing congenic strains to produce F2 segregants that are homozygous (or heterozygous) for relevant genes. Discriminating F2 homozygotes can be difficult when strain differences are minor, as are mutant mouse strains differing at single major histocompatibility loci (H2 mutant congenics). Here, we describe a two-step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method utilizing heteroduplex analysis and sequence specific primers (SSP-PCR) that efficiently discriminates the F2 progeny of two such H2 mutant congenic mice crosses (bm1xB6 and bm1xbm3). A third H2 mutant cross cannot be resolved by heteroduplexing, but is discriminated (albeit less efficiently) with SSP-PCR alone. This sensitive application can be extended to any congenic mutant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Carroll
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0841, USA.
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11
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Costagliola S, Many MC, Denef JF, Pohlenz J, Refetoff S, Vassart G. Genetic immunization of outbred mice with thyrotropin receptor cDNA provides a model of Graves' disease. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:803-11. [PMID: 10727449 PMCID: PMC377458 DOI: 10.1172/jci7665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed genetic immunization of outbred NMRI mice, using a cDNA encoding the human thyrotropin receptor (TSHr). All mice produced antibodies capable of recognizing the recombinant receptor expressed at the surface of stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and sera from most of the immunized mice blocked TSH-dependent stimulation of cAMP accumulation in cells expressing the TSHr. Five out of 29 female mice showed sign of hyperthyroidism including elevated total T4 and suppressed TSH levels. The serum of these mice contained thyroid-stimulating activity, as measured in a classic assay using CHO cells expressing recombinant TSHr. In contrast, only 1 male out of 30 had moderately elevated serum total T4 with undetectable TSH values. The hyperthyroid animals had goiters with extensive lymphocytic infiltration, characteristic of a Th2 immune response. In addition, these animals displayed ocular signs reminiscent of Graves' ophthalmopathy, including edema, deposit of amorphous material, and cellular infiltration of their extraocular muscles. Our results demonstrate that genetic immunization of outbred NMRI mice with the human TSHr provides the most convincing murine model of Graves' disease available to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costagliola
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Humaine et Nucléaire (IRIBHN), Faculté de Médecine, University of Brussels, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Sarukhan A, Lechner O, von Boehmer H. Autoimmune insulitis and diabetes in the absence of antigen-specific contact between T cells and islet beta-cells. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:3410-6. [PMID: 10540353 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3410::aid-immu3410>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes develops following recognition of organ-specific antigens by T cells. The disease begins with peri-islet infiltration by mononuclear cells, proceeds with insulitis and becomes manifest with destruction of insulin-producing islet beta-cells. T cells are necessary to induce insulitis and diabetes, but it is not clear by what mechanisms they can do so, i. e. whether the T cells need to make antigen-specific contact with the beta-cell or whether other interactions are sufficient to induce beta-cell death. In the present study we have constructed chimeric mice in which the bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells, but not the islet beta-cells, are capable of presenting antigen to monospecific T cells. We show that both insulitis as well as beta-cell destruction can proceed in the absence of islet beta-cell surface antigen recognition by T cells. Our results support the notion that diabetes can be caused by distinct effector mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Genes, RAG-1/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation/genetics
- Pancrelipase/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Transgenes/genetics
- Transgenes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarukhan
- Institut Necker, INSERM U373, Paris, France
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