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Götz P, Braumandl A, Kübler M, Kumaraswami K, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Lasch M, Deindl E. C3 Deficiency Leads to Increased Angiogenesis and Elevated Pro-Angiogenic Leukocyte Recruitment in Ischemic Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5800. [PMID: 34071589 PMCID: PMC8198161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a potent inflammatory trigger, activator, and chemoattractant for leukocytes, which play a crucial role in promoting angiogenesis. However, little information is available about the influence of the complement system on angiogenesis in ischemic muscle tissue. To address this topic and analyze the impact of the complement system on angiogenesis, we induced muscle ischemia in complement factor C3 deficient (C3-/-) and wildtype control mice by femoral artery ligation (FAL). At 24 h and 7 days after FAL, we isolated the ischemic gastrocnemius muscles and investigated them by means of (immuno-)histological analyses. C3-/- mice showed elevated ischemic damage 7 days after FAL, as evidenced by H&E staining. In addition, angiogenesis was increased in C3-/- mice, as demonstrated by increased capillary/muscle fiber ratio and increased proliferating endothelial cells (CD31+/BrdU+). Moreover, our results showed that the total number of leukocytes (CD45+) was increased in C3-/- mice, which was based on an increased number of neutrophils (MPO+), neutrophil extracellular trap formation (MPO+/CitH3+), and macrophages (CD68+) displaying a shift toward an anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic M2-like polarized phenotype (CD68+/MRC1+). In summary, we show that the deficiency of complement factor C3 increased neutrophil and M2-like polarized macrophage accumulation in ischemic muscle tissue, contributing to angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Götz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna Braumandl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübler
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Konda Kumaraswami
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.G.); (A.B.); (M.K.); (K.K.); (H.I.-A.); (M.L.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Park JW, Kim JE, Choi YJ, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Hong JT, Lee H, Hwang DY. Deficiency of complement component 3 may be linked to the development of constipation in FVB/N-C3 em1Hlee /Korl mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21221. [PMID: 33337564 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000376r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in complement component 3 (C3) expression has been reported to be linked to several bowel diseases including Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and ulcerative colitis; however, the association with constipation has never been investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between C3 regulation and constipation development using a C3 deficiency model. To achieve these, alterations in stool excretion, transverse colon histological structure, and mucin secretion were analyzed in FVB/N-C3em1Hlee /Korl (C3 knockout, C3 KO) mice with the deletion of 11 nucleotides in exon 2 of the C3 gene. The stool excretion parameters, gastrointestinal transit, and intestine length were remarkably decreased in C3 KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice, although there was no specific change in feeding behavior. Furthermore, C3 KO mice showed a decrease in mucosal and muscle layer thickness, alterations in crypt structure, irregular distribution of goblet cells, and an increase of mucin droplets in the transverse colon. Mucin secretion was suppressed, and they accumulated in the crypts of C3 KO mice. In addition, the constipation phenotypes detected during C3 deficiency were confirmed in FVB/N mice treated with C3 convertase inhibitor (rosmarinic acid (RA)). Similar phenotypes were observed with respect to stool excretion parameters, gastrointestinal transit, intestine length, alterations in crypt structure, and mucin secretion in RA-treated FVB/N mice. Therefore, the results of the present study provide the first scientific evidence that C3 deficiency may play an important role in the development of constipation phenotypes in C3 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Rocha AP, Borges M, Neves C, Neves JF. [H Factor Deficiency: A Case with an Atypical Presentation]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2019; 32:158-161. [PMID: 30896397 DOI: 10.20344/amp.10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of an 18-month-old boy with H factor deficiency with atypical presentation: recurrent acute otitis media and several maternal family members with autoimmune disorders (vitiligo, thyroiditis and immune trombocytopenia). Blood tests revealed low C3 and AH50, as well as low properdin and H factor. I factor was normal. CFH gene molecular test confirmed the H factor deficiency diagnosis. This child had none of the typical manifestations of this disorder, namely Neisseria meningitidis infection or renal disease (glomerulonephritis and atypical haemolytic uremic syndrome). Autoimmune family history and correct interpretation of blood tests' results were crucial for this diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rocha
- Unidade de Imunodeficiências Primárias. Serviço de Pediatria. Hospital Dona Estefânia. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Madalena Borges
- Unidade de Imunodeficiências Primárias. Serviço de Pediatria. Hospital Dona Estefânia. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Conceição Neves
- Unidade de Imunodeficiências Primárias. Serviço de Pediatria. Hospital Dona Estefânia. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - João Farela Neves
- Unidade de Imunodeficiências Primárias. Serviço de Pediatria. Hospital Dona Estefânia. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Central. Lisboa. Chronic Diseases Research Center. NOVA Medical School. Lisboa. Portugal
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Doria A, Stohl W, Schwarting A, Okada M, Scheinberg M, van Vollenhoven R, Hammer AE, Groark J, Bass D, Fox NL, Roth D, Gordon D. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Belimumab in Anti-Double-Stranded DNA-Positive, Hypocomplementemic Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:1256-1264. [PMID: 29671280 PMCID: PMC6099508 DOI: 10.1002/art.40511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of belimumab, a human immunoglobulin monoclonal antibody against B lymphocyte stimulator, in a subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who were hypocomplementemic (C3 <90 mg/dl and/or C4 <10 mg/dl) and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) positive (≥30 IU/ml) at baseline. METHODS In this phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (BEL112341; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01484496), patients with moderate to severe SLE (Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index [SELENA-SLEDAI] score ≥8) were randomized (2:1) to receive weekly subcutaneous (SC) belimumab 200 mg or placebo, plus standard SLE therapy, for 52 weeks. The primary end point was SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) response rate at week 52. Secondary end points were time to severe flare and reduction in corticosteroid dose (weeks 40-52). Safety was assessed throughout. RESULTS Of the 836 patients in the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, 356 were hypocomplementemic and anti-dsDNA positive at baseline (108 in the placebo group and 248 in the SC belimumab 200 mg group). Compared with placebo, the belimumab group contained more SRI-4 responders (47.2% versus 64.6%; P = 0.0014), had a lower incidence of severe flare according to the SELENA-SLEDAI flare index (31.5% versus 14.1%), and had a greater percentage of patients who reduced corticosteroid dosage by ≥25% to ≤7.5 mg/day during weeks 40-52 (11.4% versus 20.7%; P = 0.0844). Adverse events (AEs) were similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that in hypocomplementemic, anti-dsDNA-positive SLE patients, weekly SC belimumab 200 mg significantly improves SRI-4 response, decreases severe flare incidence, and reduces corticosteroid use versus placebo; a trend toward greater benefit compared with the overall ITT population was observed. AEs were consistent with the known safety profile of belimumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Stohl
- University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles
| | - A. Schwarting
- University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - M. Okada
- St. Luke's International UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | | | - A. E. Hammer
- GlaxoSmithKlineResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
| | - J. Groark
- GlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePennsylvania
- Present address:
Aclaris TherapeuticsWaynePennsylvania
| | - D. Bass
- GlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePennsylvania
- Present address:
Aclaris TherapeuticsWaynePennsylvania
| | - N. L. Fox
- GlaxoSmithKlineRockvilleMaryland
- Present address:
IndiviorRichmondVirginia
| | - D. Roth
- GlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePennsylvania
- Present address:
Aclaris TherapeuticsWaynePennsylvania
| | - D. Gordon
- GlaxoSmithKlineCollegevillePennsylvania
- Present address:
Aclaris TherapeuticsWaynePennsylvania
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5
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Zhang L, Ding Z, Heyman B. IgG3-antigen complexes are deposited on follicular dendritic cells in the presence of C1q and C3. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5400. [PMID: 28710441 PMCID: PMC5511153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG3, passively administered together with small proteins, induces enhanced primary humoral responses against these proteins. We previously found that, within 2 h of immunization, marginal zone (MZ) B cells capture IgG3-antigen complexes and transport them into splenic follicles and that this requires the presence of complement receptors 1 and 2. We have here investigated the localization of IgG3 anti-2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)/biotin-ovalbumin-TNP immune complexes in the follicles and the involvement of classical versus total complement activation in this process. The majority (50-90%) of antigen inside the follicles of mice immunized with IgG3-antigen complexes co-localized with the follicular dendritic cell (FDC) network. Capture of antigen by MZ B cells as well as antigen deposition on FDC was severely impaired in mice lacking C1q or C3, and lack of either C1q or C3 also impaired the ability of IgG3 to enhance antibody responses. Finally, IgG3 efficiently primed for a memory response against small proteins as well as against the large protein keyhole limpet hemocyanine.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens/chemistry
- Antigens/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Biotin/chemistry
- Biotin/immunology
- Complement Activation
- Complement C1q/deficiency
- Complement C1q/genetics
- Complement C3/deficiency
- Complement C3/genetics
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/cytology
- Dendritic Cells, Follicular/immunology
- Hemocyanins/chemistry
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin G/genetics
- Immunoglobulin G/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Ovalbumin/chemistry
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Picrates/chemistry
- Picrates/immunology
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/immunology
- Receptors, Complement 3d/genetics
- Receptors, Complement 3d/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- Whole-Body Irradiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, BMC, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, BMC, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, BMC, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
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AlHermi B, Al Mosawi Z, Mohammed D. Renal manifestations in hypocomplementic urticarial vasculitis syndrome: Is it a distinct pathology? Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28:929-933. [PMID: 28748901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypocomplementic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent urticaria, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis (GN). Anti-C1q antibody is the marker of HUVS together with low levels of classical pathway complements which are C2, C3, C4, and C1q. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with episodes of rashes, injected conjunctiva, abdominal pain, and arthritis, diagnosed as HUVS. He had low C3, low CH50, normal C4, and positive C1q antibody. His urinalysis showed intermittent microscopic hematuria only. One year later, his laboratories showed persistent low C3 and positive Anti-ds DNA. The urinalysis showed hematuria, pyuria, and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Urine protein to creatinine ratio was 101.8 h mg/mmol. Kidney biopsy showed mesangioproliferative GN consistent with the diagnosis of HUVS. The patient was treated initially with prednisolone then azathioprine was added to the regimen. He showed good response with the disappearance of hematuria and proteinuria. Nine months later, he had no skin rashes with normal urinalysis and normal anti-ds DNA antibody. We report a case with HUVS and GN with positive anti-dsDNA antibody that revealed good response to combination of immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriya AlHermi
- Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zakiya Al Mosawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Deena Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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Conti G, De Vivo D, Vitale A, Fede C, Santoro D. Dense deposit disease in a child with febrile sore throat. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28:925-928. [PMID: 28748900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dense deposit disease or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II is a rare glomerulopathy characterized on renal biopsy by deposition of abnormal electron-dense material in the glomerular basement membrane. The pathophysiologic basis is uncontrolled systemic activation of the alternate pathway of the complement cascade. C3 nephritic factor, an autoantibody directed against the C3 convertase of the alternate pathway, plays a key role. In some patients, complement gene mutations have been identified. We report the case of a child who had persistent microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and hypocomplementemia C3 for over 2 months. Renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of dense deposit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Conti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Dominique De Vivo
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Agata Vitale
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Fede
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
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Egan M, Sullivan K, Frazer-Abel A, Cunningham-Rundles C. A healthy female with C3 hypocomplementemia and C3 Nephritic Factor. Clin Immunol 2016; 169:14-15. [PMID: 27263803 PMCID: PMC5322742 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Egan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1089, 10029 New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kathleen Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health Advanced Diagnostic Laboratories, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206, USA.
| | - Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1089, 10029 New York, NY, USA.
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Abstract
This study demonstrates demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics with special reference to infections in Saudi patients with SLE. One-hundred and ninety-nine patients with SLE treated at Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia over a period of 15 years (1990—2005) were retrospectively reviewed. There were 162 females and 37 males (4.4 : 1) with an average age of 35 years at onset of disease. Duration of diseases ranged from one to 23 years with a mean of 7.23 years. Some of the clinical characteristics of SLE patients observed were nephritis (53.7%), fever (53.26%), neuropsychological disorder (36.18%), malar/butterfly rash (27.6%), pulmonary disorder (22.6%), photosensitivity (21.6%), cardiac involvement (21.1%) and oral ulcers (19.09%). Infection was the major complication with 58.79% of SLE patient having suffered from various infections. A total of 22 species of pathogens including gram positive and gram negative bacteria, viruses and fungi were isolated from 117 SLE patients. Single to multiple episode of infection with various pathogens were recorded however, majority of patients harboured one or two species of pathogens. Bacterial infection was predominant (78.6%) followed by viral (28.2%) and fungal (28.2%) infections. Forty-four percent of SLE patients were found to be infected with organisms classified as opportunistic. The high incidence of infections in SLE patients may be attributed to the multiple intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors including deficiency of complement (C3 and C4), disease activity, renal impairment, use of glucocorticoid and cytotoxic drugs. It is concluded that more judicious use of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents will be critical to limit the infections in SLE and a high alert and close monitoring of patients will ensure optimal patient outcome, both in terms of morbidity and mortality. Lupus (2007) 16, 755—763.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Al-Rayes
- Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Bergström JJE, Heyman B. IgG Suppresses Antibody Responses in Mice Lacking C1q, C3, Complement Receptors 1 and 2, or IgG Fc-Receptors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143841. [PMID: 26619292 PMCID: PMC4664261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific IgG antibodies, passively administered to mice or humans together with large particulate antigens like erythrocytes, can completely suppress the antibody response against the antigen. This is used clinically in Rhesus prophylaxis, where administration of IgG anti-RhD prevents RhD-negative women from becoming immunized against RhD-positive fetal erythrocytes aquired transplacentally. The mechanisms by which IgG suppresses antibody responses are poorly understood. We have here addressed whether complement or Fc-receptors for IgG (FcγRs) are required for IgG-mediated suppression. IgG, specific for sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was administered to mice together with SRBC and the antibody responses analyzed. IgG was able to suppress early IgM- as well as longterm IgG-responses in wildtype mice equally well as in mice lacking FcγRIIB (FcγRIIB knockout mice) or FcγRI, III, and IV (FcRγ knockout mice). Moreover, IgG was able to suppress early IgM responses equally well in mice lacking C1q (C1qA knockout mice), C3 (C3 knockout mice), or complement receptors 1 and 2 (Cr2 knockout mice) as in wildtype mice. Owing to the previously described severely impaired IgG responses in the complement deficient mice, it was difficult to assess whether passively administered IgG further decreased their IgG response. In conclusion, Fc-receptor binding or complement-activation by IgG does not seem to be required for its ability to suppress antibody responses to xenogeneic erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim J. E. Bergström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Heyman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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11
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Xing EM, Wu S, Ponder KP. The effect of Tlr4 and/or C3 deficiency and of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:209-16. [PMID: 25559179 PMCID: PMC4381425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb(-/-)) and results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. Skeletal abnormalities include stunted long bones and bone degeneration. GAGs have been hypothesized to activate toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling and the complement pathway, resulting in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that suppress growth and cause degeneration of the bone. Gusb(-/-) mice were bred with Tlr4- and complement component 3 (C3)-deficient mice, and the skeletal manifestations of the doubly- and triply-deficient mice were compared to those of purebred Gusb(-/-) mice. Radiographs showed that purebred Gusb(-/-) mice had shorter tibias and femurs, and wider femurs, compared to normal mice. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice. The glenoid cavity and humerus were scored on a scale from 0 (normal) to +3 (severely abnormal) for dysplasia and bone irregularities, and the joint space was measured. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice, and their joint space remained abnormally wide. Gusb(-/-) mice treated neonatally with an intravenous retroviral vector (RV) had thinner femurs, longer legs, and a narrowed joint space compared with untreated purebred Gusb(-/-) mice, but no improvement in glenohumeral degeneration. We conclude that Tlr4- and/or C3-deficiency fail to ameliorate skeletal abnormalities, and other pathways may be involved. RV treatment improves some but not all aspects of bone disease. Radiographs may be an efficient method for future evaluation, as they readily show glenohumeral joint abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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12
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Fidder ARS, van der Deure HJ, Westra DW. [Partial lipodystrophy: a spot diagnosis]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2015; 159:A8872. [PMID: 26374720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partial lipodystrophy is a rare acquired disorder characterised by gradual loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the upper half of the body. CASE DESCRIPTION We saw a 9-year-old girl who had been referred on account of recurrent urinary tract infections. On physical examination, she was noticed to be very thin in the face. Her upper extremities were also skinny. Strikingly, the lower half of her body was normally proportioned, which immediately suggested a diagnosis of partial lipodystrophy. Additional examinations showed a low level of complement factor C3 and the presence of C3 nephritic factor. CONCLUSION Partial lipodystrophy is rare but it is important to include it in the differential diagnosis of unwanted disproportional subcutaneous fat loss because of the somatic and psychological consequences.
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13
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Melboucy-Belkhir S, Glitho S, Caux F, Mekinian A, Fain O. [Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome]. Rev Prat 2014; 64:25. [PMID: 24649538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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14
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Nestorovic B, Milosevic K, Rsovac S, Nikolic A. Anaphylaxis followed by unilateral lung opacity and hypocomplementemia in a young female. Am J Emerg Med 2013; 31:1623.e1-2. [PMID: 23896012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A 36-year-old woman was stung in the right wrist by a bee, suffered typical anaphylaxis, and was transferred to a local hospital. After a few hours, which corresponded to late-onset reaction, she developed shortness of breath and weakness and was transferred to the emergency department, where the diagnosis of anaphylaxis was confirmed. Serum complement levels, components C3 and C4, were undetectable. Flexible bronchoscopy excluded lung hemorrhage. She was on the ventilator for 4 days and was fully awake during that time. After the treatment, her improvement was rapid, and she fully recovered. Three weeks after she had been stung by a bee, skin prick tests to bee, wasp, and yellow jacket venom were done, and all tests came back negative as well as IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the same venoms. Coagulation factors and the complement, including C1q inhibitor, were normal. Occurrence of complement activation and consumption could point to the immune complexes as basis of pathophysiological mechanism. It remains unclear why such a reaction would involve only the right lung and why no detectable immune complexes were discovered. The clinical picture in the presented case resembled acute respiratory distress syndrome, but the exact nature of lung consolidation remains puzzling. The most likely explanation is a very rare case of airway obstruction. To our knowledge, this is the only reported case of anaphylaxis associated with undetectable serum complement levels. The potential role and diagnostic significance of hypocomplementemia in cases of anaphylaxis should be further investigated.
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Berg A, Zelano J, Thams S, Cullheim S. The extent of synaptic stripping of motoneurons after axotomy is not correlated to activation of surrounding glia or downregulation of postsynaptic adhesion molecules. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59647. [PMID: 23527240 PMCID: PMC3602371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse elimination in the adult central nervous system can be modelled by axotomy of spinal motoneurons which triggers removal of synapses from the cell surface of lesioned motoneurons by processes that remain elusive. Proposed candidate mechanisms are removal of synapses by reactive microglia and astrocytes, based on the remarkable activation of these cell types in the vicinity of motoneurons following axon lesion, and/or decreased expression of synaptic adhesion molecules in lesioned motoneurons. In the present study, we investigated glia activation and adhesion molecule expression in motoneurons in two mouse strains with deviant patterns of synapse elimination following axotomy. Mice deficient in complement protein C3 display a markedly reduced loss of synapses from axotomized motoneurons, whereas mice with impaired function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia display an augmented degree of stripping after axotomy. Activation of microglia and astrocytes was assessed by semiquantative immunohistochemistry for Iba 1 (microglia) and GFAP (astrocytes), while expression of synaptic adhesion molecules was determined by in situ hybridization. In spite of the fact that the two mouse strains display very different degrees of synapse elimination, no differences in terms of glial activation or in the downregulation of the studied adhesion molecules (SynCAM1, neuroligin-2,-3 and netrin G-2 ligand) could be detected. We conclude that neither glia activation nor downregulation of synaptic adhesion molecules are correlated to the different extent of the synaptic stripping in the two studied strains. Instead the magnitude of the stripping event is most likely a consequence of a precise molecular signaling, which at least in part is mediated by immune molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Berg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kandasamy M, Ying PC, Ho AWS, Sumatoh HR, Schlitzer A, Hughes TR, Kemeny DM, Morgan BP, Ginhoux F, Sivasankar B. Complement mediated signaling on pulmonary CD103(+) dendritic cells is critical for their migratory function in response to influenza infection. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003115. [PMID: 23326231 PMCID: PMC3542115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of lung dendritic cells (DCs) to the draining lymph node (dLN) is a crucial step for the initiation of T cell responses upon pathogen challenge. However, little is known about the factors that regulate lung DC migration to the dLN. In this study, using a model of influenza infection, we demonstrate that complement component C3 is critically required for efficient emigration of DCs from the lung to the dLN. C3 deficiency affect lung DC-mediated viral antigen transport to the dLN, resulting in severely compromised priming of virus-specific T cell responses. Consequently, C3-deficient mice lack effector T cell response in the lungs that affected viral clearance and survival. We further show that direct signaling by C3a and C5a through C3aR and C5aR respectively expressed on lung DCs is required for their efficient trafficking. However, among lung DCs, only CD103+ DCs make a significant contribution to lung C5a levels and exclusively produce high levels of C3 and C5 during influenza infection. Collectively, our findings show that complement has a profound impact on immune regulation by controlling tissue DC trafficking and highlights a potential utility for complement as an adjuvant in novel vaccine strategies. Influenza is a global health problem frequented by epidemics and pandemics. Current vaccines against influenza offer limited protection hence the need for reformulation and repeated vaccination. There is a pressing need to develop newer vaccines that are able to generate T cell response. In order to develop such vaccines, there is a need to understand how T cell responses are generated during influenza infection. Influenza specific T cell responses are generated by the dendritic cells (DCs) in the lung. Upon influenza infection, DCs in the lung carry viral peptides to the draining lymph node (dLN) to initiate an immune response. Thus, migration of DCs from the lung to the dLN is an important step in the initiation of influenza specific T cell response. We now show that activation products of the complement system interact with their receptors on the DCs, which signals for the DCs to migrate from the lung to the dLN. Thus, our results reveal a previously unknown function for complement in mediating lung DC migration during influenza infection and highlight its potential as an adjuvant in novel vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheswaran Kandasamy
- Infection and Immunity Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Poon C. Ying
- Infection and Immunity Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Adrian W. S. Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Hermi R. Sumatoh
- Infection and Immunity Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Kemeny
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Baalasubramanian Sivasankar
- Infection and Immunity Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Munkonda MN, Lapointe M, Miegueu P, Roy C, Gauvreau D, Richard D, Cianflone K. Recombinant acylation stimulating protein administration to C3-/- mice increases insulin resistance via adipocyte inflammatory mechanisms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46883. [PMID: 23056509 PMCID: PMC3466186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Complement 3 (C3), a key component of the innate immune system, is involved in early inflammatory responses. Acylation stimulating protein (ASP; aka C3adesArg), a C3 cleavage product, is produced in adipose tissue and stimulates lipid storage. We hypothesized that, depending on the diet, chronic ASP administration in C3−/− mice would affect lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity via an adaptive adipose tissue inflammatory response. Methodology/Principal Findings C3−/− mice on normal low fat diet (ND) or high fat diet (HFD) were chronically administered recombinant ASP (rASP) for 25 days via an osmotic mini-pump. While there was no effect on food intake, there was a decrease in activity, with a relative increase in adipose tissue weight on ND, and a shift in adipocyte size distribution. While rASP administration to C3−/− mice on a ND increased insulin sensitivity, on a HFD, rASP administration had the opposite effect. Specifically, rASP administration in C3−/− HFD mice resulted in decreased gene expression of IRS1, GLUT4, SREBF1 and NFκB in muscle, and decreased C5L2 but increased JNK, CD36, CD11c, CCR2 and NFκB gene expression in adipose tissue as well as increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (Rantes, KC, MCP-1, IL-6 and G-CSF). In adipose tissue, although IRS1 and GLUT4 mRNA were unchanged, insulin response was reduced. Conclusion The effects of chronic rASP administration are tissue and diet specific, rASP administration enhances the HFD induced inflammatory response leading to an insulin-resistant state. These results suggest that, in humans, the increased plasma ASP associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease could be an additional factor directly contributing to development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Nancy Munkonda
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Miegueu
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Danny Gauvreau
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Denis Richard
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie & Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sozeri B, Mir S, Berdeli A, Dincel N, Sarsik B. Gene polymorphism of complement factor H in a Turkish patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II. Iran J Kidney Dis 2012; 6:149-153. [PMID: 22388616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is characterized by proliferation of mesangial and endothelial cells and by thickening of the peripheral capillary walls. Type II of the MPGN is associated with complement abnormalities which are factor H deficiencies due to mutations in the complement factor H (CFH) gene. We report a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with MPGN II in whom genetic analyses of the CFH gene revealed that the patient was heterozygote for a polymorphism in exon 2 of the CFH (c.184G>A), heterozygote for a polymorphism in exon 9 of the CFH (c.1204C>T), and heterozygote for a polymorphism in exon 10 of the CFH (c.1419G>A). These data recapitulate a prototypical complement genetic profile, the presence of major risk factors for MPGN II, which support the hypothesis that these dense deposit diseases have a common pathogenic mechanism involving dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Sozeri
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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19
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DeAngelis RA, Markiewski MM, Kourtzelis I, Rafail S, Syriga M, Sandor A, Maurya MR, Gupta S, Subramaniam S, Lambris JD. A complement-IL-4 regulatory circuit controls liver regeneration. J Immunol 2012; 188:641-8. [PMID: 22184721 PMCID: PMC3253144 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of IL-4 in liver regeneration has not yet been recognized. In this article, we show that IL-4, produced by NKT cells that accumulate in regenerating livers after partial hepatectomy, contributes to this process by regulating the activation of complement after liver resection in mice. The mechanism of this regulation was associated with the maintenance of an appropriate level of IgM in mouse blood, because IgM deposited in liver parenchyma most likely initiated complement activation during liver regeneration. By controlling complement activation, IL-4 regulated the induction of IL-6, thereby influencing a key pathway involved in regenerating liver cell proliferation and survival. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-4 was controlled by complement through the recruitment of NKT cells to regenerating livers. Our study thus reveals the existence of a regulatory feedback mechanism involving complement and IL-4 that controls liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. DeAngelis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maciej M. Markiewski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Immunotherapeutic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, TX, USA
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stavros Rafail
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Syriga
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam Sandor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mano R. Maurya
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shakti Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bauer EM, Zheng H, Comhair S, Erzurum S, Billiar TR, Bauer PM. Complement C3 deficiency attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28578. [PMID: 22194859 PMCID: PMC3237464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests a role of both innate and adaptive immunity in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The complement system is a key sentry of the innate immune system and bridges innate and adaptive immunity. To date there are no studies addressing a role for the complement system in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunofluorescent staining revealed significant C3d deposition in lung sections from IPAH patients and C57Bl6/J wild-type mice exposed to three weeks of chronic hypoxia to induce pulmonary hypertension. Right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy were increased in hypoxic vs. normoxic wild-type mice, which were attenuated in C3−/− hypoxic mice. Likewise, pulmonary vascular remodeling was attenuated in the C3−/− mice compared to wild-type mice as determined by the number of muscularized peripheral arterioles and morphometric analysis of vessel wall thickness. The loss of C3 attenuated the increase in interleukin-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in response to chronic hypoxia, but not endothelin-1 levels. In wild-type mice, but not C3−/− mice, chronic hypoxia led to platelet activation as assessed by bleeding time, and flow cytometry of platelets to determine cell surface P-selectin expression. In addition, tissue factor expression and fibrin deposition were increased in the lungs of WT mice in response to chronic hypoxia. These pro-thrombotic effects of hypoxia were abrogated in C3−/− mice. Conclusions Herein, we provide compelling genetic evidence that the complement system plays a pathophysiologic role in the development of PAH in mice, promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling and a pro-thrombotic phenotype. In addition we demonstrate C3d deposition in IPAH patients suggesting that complement activation plays a role in the development of PAH in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Suzy Comhair
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Serpil Erzurum
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Timothy R. Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Philip M. Bauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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O'Brien KB, Morrison TE, Dundore DY, Heise MT, Schultz-Cherry S. A protective role for complement C3 protein during pandemic 2009 H1N1 and H5N1 influenza A virus infection. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17377. [PMID: 21408070 PMCID: PMC3052313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza infections are associated with enhanced inflammatory and cytokine responses, severe lung damage, and an overall dysregulation of innate immunity. C3, a member of the complement system of serum proteins, is a major component of the innate immune and inflammatory responses. However, the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of H5N1 infection is unknown. Here we demonstrate that H5N1 influenza virus infected mice had increased levels of C5a and C3 activation byproducts as compared to mice infected with either seasonal or pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza viruses. We hypothesized that the increased complement was associated with the enhanced disease associated with the H5N1 infection. However, studies in knockout mice demonstrated that C3 was required for protection from influenza infection, proper viral clearance, and associated with changes in cellular infiltration. These studies suggest that although the levels of complement activation may differ depending on the influenza virus subtype, complement is an important host defense mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. O'Brien
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado–Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Y. Dundore
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Heise
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Carolina Vaccine Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ostergaard JA, Thiel S, Hansen TK, Rasch R, Flyvbjerg A. Comment on: Lin et al. (2010) Immune cell-derived C3 is required for autoimmune diabetes induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Diabetes;59: 2247-2252. Diabetes 2011; 60:e7-8; author reply e9. [PMID: 21193731 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Manganelli R, Iannaccone S, Ferbo U, De Simone W. [Diagnostic pathway of an unusual case of nephrotic syndrome: immunotactoid glomerulopathy]. G Ital Nefrol 2010; 27:668-673. [PMID: 21132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy is a clinicopathological entity characterized by extracellular deposition of microtubular substructures, which are negative for the usual staining that identifies amyloid within the mesangium and capillary walls of renal glomeruli. Despite ongoing debate in the nephrological community, it is kept distinct from fibrillary glomerulonephritis on the basis of the size and arrangement of the microtubules and microfibrils. It is clinically characterized by the presence of glomerular proteinuria in the nephrotic range, microscopic hematuria and hypertension, and is often associated with hypocomplementemia, monoclonal gammopathy, and lymphoprolipherative disorders. A 47-year-old woman was referred to our unit for evaluation of proteinuria associated with nephrotic syndrome. Laboratory findings revealed a serum M component and hypocomplementemia. Renal biopsy yielded three fragments for optical microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy; Congo red staining was used. Renal histology showed a morphological pattern of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence showed IgG deposits with monoclonal kappa light chain restriction as well as C3 and C1q deposits. Electron microscopy revealed the presence within the mesangium of microtubules measuring >35 nm that were focally parallel oriented. The final diagnosis was nephrotic syndrome caused by immunotactoid glomerulopathy. The clinical diagnosis of immunotactoid glomerulopathy is based on pathological, clinical and hematological features and requires the exclusion of other diseases that are associated with organized glomerular deposits. We discuss the diagnostic options offered by the clinical and morphological elements of this case; the use of electron microscopy is emphasized, especially when a renal syndrome is associated with paraproteinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Manganelli
- Struttura Complessa di Nefrologia e Dialisi, AORN A.G. Moscati, Avellino, Italy.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The complement system contributes to autoimmune injury, but its involvement in promoting the development of autoimmune diabetes is unknown. In this study, our goal was to ascertain the role of complement C3 in autoimmune diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Susceptibility to diabetes development after multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment in wild-type (WT) and C3-deficient mice was analyzed. Bone marrow chimeras, luminex, and quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were performed to evaluate the phenotypic and immunologic impact of C3 in the development of this diabetes model. RESULTS Coincident with the induced elevations in blood glucose levels, we documented alternative pathway complement component gene expression within the islets of the diabetic WT mice. When we repeated the experiments with C3-deficient mice, we observed complete resistance to disease, as assessed by the absence of histologic insulitis and the absence of T-cell reactivity to islet antigens. Studies of WT chimeras bearing C3-deficient bone marrow cells showed that bone marrow cell-derived C3, and not serum C3, is involved in the induction of diabetes in this model. CONCLUSIONS The data reveal a key role for immune cell-derived C3 in the pathogenesis of murine multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes and support the concept that immune cell mediated diabetes is in part complement-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Na Yin
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Murphy
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - M. Edward Medof
- Institute of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter S. Heeger
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Bernd Schröppel
- Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Corresponding author: Bernd Schröppel,
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25
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Kitamura H. [C3(beta1C/1A globulin) and C5]. Nihon Rinsho 2010; 68 Suppl 6:64-67. [PMID: 20942003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Kitamura
- Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences
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26
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Janzi M, Sjöberg R, Wan J, Fischler B, von Döbeln U, Isaac L, Nilsson P, Hammarström L. Screening for C3 deficiency in newborns using microarrays. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5321. [PMID: 19390687 PMCID: PMC2669175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dried blood spot samples (DBSS) from newborns are widely used in neonatal screening for selected metabolic diseases and diagnostic possibilities for additional disorders are continuously being evaluated. Primary immunodeficiency disorders comprise a group of more than one hundred diseases, several of which are fatal early in life. Yet, a majority of the patients are not diagnosed due to lack of high-throughput screening methods. Methodology/Principal Findings We have previously developed a system using reverse phase protein microarrays for analysis of IgA levels in serum samples. In this study, we extended the applicability of the method to include determination of complement component C3 levels in eluates from DBSS collected at birth. Normal levels of C3 were readily detected in 269 DBSS from healthy newborns, while no C3 was detected in sera and DBSS from C3 deficient patients. Conclusions/Significance The findings suggest that patients with deficiencies of specific serum proteins can be identified by analysis of DBSS using reverse phase protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Janzi
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, KUS Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald Sjöberg
- Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinghong Wan
- Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ulrika von Döbeln
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, KUS Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Isaac
- Laboratory of Complement, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Proteomics, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (PN); (LH)
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, KUS Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (PN); (LH)
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27
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Qin X, Hu W, Song W, Blair P, Wu G, Hu X, Song Y, Bauer S, Feelisch M, Leopold JA, Loscalzo J, Halperin JA. Balancing role of nitric oxide in complement-mediated activation of platelets from mCd59a and mCd59b double-knockout mice. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:221-7. [PMID: 19229985 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CD59 is a membrane protein inhibitor of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. mCd59 knockout mice reportedly exhibit hemolytic anemia and platelet activation. This phenotype is comparable to the human hemolytic anemia known as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), in which platelet activation and thrombosis play a critical pathogenic role. It has long been suspected but not formally demonstrated that both complement and nitric oxide (NO) contribute to PNH thrombosis. Using mCd59a and mCd59b double knockout mice (mCd59ab(-/-) mice) in complement sufficient (C3(+/+)) and deficient (C3(-/-)) backgrounds, we document that mCd59ab(-/-) platelets are sensitive to complement-mediated activation and provide evidence for possible in vivo platelet activation in mCd59ab(-/-) mice. Using a combination of L-NAME (a NO-synthase inhibitor) and NOC-18 or SNAP (NO-donors), we further demonstrate that NO regulates complement-mediated activation of platelets. These results indicate that the thrombotic diathesis of PNH patients could be due to a combination of increased complement-mediated platelet activation and reduced NO-bioavailability as a consequence of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Qin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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28
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Qin X, Hu W, Song W, Grubissich L, Hu X, Wu G, Ferris S, Dobarro M, Halperin JA. Generation and phenotyping of mCd59a and mCd59b double-knockout mice. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:65-70. [PMID: 19051264 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CD59 is a membrane protein inhibitor of the membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. Humans express only one, whereas mice express two CD59 genes. We previously reported the targeted deletion of the mCd59b gene in which absence of mCd59b together with an unintended down regulation of mCd59a caused hemolytic anemia with spontaneous platelet activation. To confirm the complement role in the hemolytic anemia caused by abrogation of mCd59 function, we have developed a mCd59a and mCd59b double knock out mice and analyzed its phenotype in complement sufficient and deficient (C3(-/-)). We report here that total abrogation of mCd59 function in mCd59ab(-/-) mice results in complement-mediated hemolytic anemia that is rescued by the deficiency of C3 in compound mCd59ab(-/-)/C3(-/-) mice.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/genetics
- Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital/immunology
- Animals
- CD59 Antigens/genetics
- CD59 Antigens/physiology
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Complement C3/deficiency
- Complement C3/genetics
- Complement C3/physiology
- Complement Membrane Attack Complex/physiology
- Complement Pathway, Classical
- Crosses, Genetic
- Exons/genetics
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Genotype
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout/genetics
- Oligospermia/genetics
- Oligospermia/immunology
- Phenotype
- Platelet Activation
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Qin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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29
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Roy C, Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Schrauwen P, Moonen-Kornips E, St-Onge J, Hesselink MK, Richard D, Joanisse DR, Cianflone K. Shift in metabolic fuel in acylation-stimulating protein-deficient mice following a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E1051-9. [PMID: 18398012 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00689.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ASP-deficient mice (C3 KO) have delayed postprandial TG clearance, are hyperphagic, and display increased energy expenditure. Markers of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscle and heart were examined to evaluate the mechanism. On a high-fat diet, compared with wild-type mice, C3 KO mice have increased energy expenditure, decreased RQ, lower ex vivo glucose oxidation (-39%, P = 0.018), and higher ex vivo fatty acid oxidation (+68%, P = 0.019). They have lower muscle glycogen content (-25%, P < 0.05) and lower activities for the glycolytic enzymes glycogen phosphorylase (-31%, P = 0.005), hexokinase (-43%, P = 0.007), phosphofructokinase (-51%, P < 0.0001), and GAPDH (-15%, P = 0.04). Analysis of mitochondrial enzyme activities revealed that hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase was higher (+25%, P = 0.004) in C3 KO mice. Furthermore, Western blot analysis of muscle revealed significantly higher fatty acid transporter CD36 (+40%, P = 0.006) and cytochrome c (a marker of mitochondrial content; +69%, P = 0.034) levels in C3 KO mice, whereas the activity of AMP kinase was lower (-48%, P = 0.003). Overall, these results demonstrate a shift in the metabolic potential of skeletal muscle toward increased fatty acid utilization. Whether this is 1) a consequence of decreased adipose tissue storage with repartitioning toward muscle or 2) a direct result of the absence of ASP interaction with the receptor C5L2 in muscle remains to be determined. However, these in vivo data suggest that ASP inhibition could be a potentially viable approach in correcting muscle metabolic dysfunction in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roy
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Laval, Y-2186, Chemin Ste-Foy, QC, Canada
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30
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Reis ES, Barbuto JAM, Köhl J, Isaac L. Impaired dendritic cell differentiation and maturation in the absence of C3. Mol Immunol 2008; 45:1952-62. [PMID: 18061265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human monocytes can be differentiated into immature dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of serum and cytokines. One of the main functions of immature DCs is to capture and process antigens. Following maturation, they differentiate into antigen presenting cells. The role of complement in the differentiation process from monocytes towards immature DCs remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that complement 3 (C3) has a regulatory impact on the expression of specific DC surface molecules and DC-derived cytokine production during DC differentiation. We isolated human adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF plus IL-4 in medium supplemented with normal human serum or C3 deficient serum. The lack of C3 during DC differentiation negatively impacted the expression of C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, the antigen presenting molecules HLA-DR and CD1a, and the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Further, the spontaneous production of IL-6 and IL-12 was reduced in the absence of C3. Moreover, the maturation of immature DCs in response to LPS challenge was impaired in the absence of C3 as evidenced by reduced MHC-II, co-stimulatory molecule expression as well as modulated IL-12 and TNF-alpha production. Collectively, our results provide evidence for a novel role of C3 as a critical cofactor in human DC differentiation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edimara S Reis
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 1730, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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31
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Pokorska-Lis M, Kowalik-Mikołajewska B, Aniszewska M. [Hypocomplementaemia in children with chronic viral hepatitis as a risk factor for invasive encapsulated bacteria infection]. Med Wieku Rozwoj 2008; 12:693-697. [PMID: 19418946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The complement system plays an important role in immunological and inflammatory response. Complement deficiency may increase patient's susceptibility to invasive infections caused by encapsulated bacteria (Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae). One of the causes of reduced production of complement components may be hepatic function disturbances in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. AIM of this study was to estimate the incidence of complement components deficiency and the risk of hypocomplementaemia as well as the associated risk of invasive bacterial infections in children with chronic viral hepatitis, type B and C. MATERIAL AND METHODS the studied group consisted of 58 children (45 boys and 13 girls) aged 4 to 18 years (mean 14 +/- 3 years). 35/58 were chronically infected with HBV, 17/58 with HCV while 6/58 had HBV and HCV co-infection. In every child levels of C3 and C4 complement components in serum were determined. Deficiency of C3 component was diagnosed at the level of below 90 g/dl (laboratory normal values: 90-180 g/dl): deficit of C4 component was at the level below 10 g/dl (laboratory normal range 10-40 g/dl). In 43 patients (74%), nasopharyngeal swabs were taken for encapsulated bacteria carrier state. Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica version 7.1 programme (p<0.05). RESULTS hypocomplementaemia was observed in 14/58 (24%) of patients: decrease in C3 component was found in 12/58 (20.5%) of cases, decrease in C4 in 2/58 (3.5%). Among children with chronic hepatitis B 6/35 (17%) had C3 deficiency and 2/35 (6%) C4 deficiency. In 5/17 (30%) of HCV-infected children, decreased level of C3 complement component was found. In one child with HBV and HCV co-infection, a decrease in C3 level was observed. Nosopharyngeal swab was positive for Neisseria meningitidis in 2/43 (5%) of patients and for Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1/43 (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS 1. Hepatic function disturbances in course of chronic viral hepatitis type B and C in children may lead to deficiency of complement components and further to the risk of invasive bacterial infections. 2. To assess the incidence of hypocomplementaemia and its components in children with chronic viral hepatitis, studies on a larger group of patients are needed. 3. In children with chronic viral hepatitis it is indicated to determine complement components concentration. 4. Vaccination against encapsulated bacteria infections should be recommended for patients with chronic viral hepatitis, in particular in cases with lowered complement components concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pokorska-Lis
- Klinika Chorób Zakaźnych Wieku Dzieciecego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, SPZOZ Wojewódzki Szpital Zakaźny w Warszawie.
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32
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Paglialunga S, Fisette A, Yan Y, Deshaies Y, Brouillette JF, Pekna M, Cianflone K. Acylation-stimulating protein deficiency and altered adipose tissue in alternative complement pathway knockout mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E521-9. [PMID: 18160458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00590.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (C3adesArg/ASP) is an adipokine that acts on its receptor C5L2 to stimulate triglyceride (TG) synthesis in adipose tissue. The present study investigated ASP levels in mouse models of obesity and leanness and the effect of ASP deficiency in C3 knockout (C3KO) mice on adipose tissue morphology. Plasma ASP levels in wild-type (WT) mice correlated positively with plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) (R = 0.664, P < 0.001) and total cholesterol (R = 0.515, P < 0.001). Plasma ASP was increased by 85% in obese ob/ob leptin-deficient mice and decreased in lean diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) KO mice (-54%) and C/EBPalpha(beta/beta) transgenic mice (-70%) compared with WT. Mice lacking alternative complement factor B or adipsin (FBKO or ADKO), required for ASP production, were also ASP deficient. Both FBKO and C3KO mice had delayed postprandial TG and NEFA clearance on low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets, suggesting that lack of ASP, not C3, drives the metabolic phenotype. Adipocyte size distribution in C3KO mice was polarized (increased number of both small and large cells), with decreased adipsin expression (-33% gonadal HF), DGAT1 expression (-31% to -50%) and DGAT activity (-41%). Overall, a reduction/deficiency in ASP is associated with an antiadipogenic state and ASP may provide a target for controlling fat storage.
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33
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Staubach-Renz P, von Stebut E, Bräuninger W, Maurer M, Steinbrink K. [Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome. Successful therapy with intravenous immunoglobulins]. Hautarzt 2008; 58:693-7. [PMID: 17453168 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-007-1301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases can initially present as chronic urticaria. We describe the course of a patient with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) as well as his successful treatment with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). HUVS was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by histology and laboratory studies. After only one cycle with IVIG (2 g/kg) all HUVS symptoms were significantly decreased.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Angioedema/diagnosis
- Angioedema/drug therapy
- Angioedema/immunology
- Angioedema/pathology
- Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/pathology
- Biopsy
- Complement C1q/deficiency
- Complement C3/deficiency
- Complement C4/deficiency
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Skin/pathology
- Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/diagnosis
- Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/immunology
- Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- P Staubach-Renz
- Universitäts-Hautklinik Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Deutschland.
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Banda NK, Takahashi K, Wood AK, Holers VM, Arend WP. Pathogenic complement activation in collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice requires amplification by the alternative pathway. J Immunol 2007; 179:4101-9. [PMID: 17785849 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune complex-induced inflammation can be mediated by the classical pathway of complement. However, using mice genetically deficient in factor B or C4, we have shown that the collagen Ab-induced model of arthritis requires the alternative pathway of complement and is not dependent on the classical pathway. We now demonstrate that collagen Ab-induced arthritis is not altered in mice genetically deficient in either C1q or mannose-binding lectins A and C, or in both C1q and mannose-binding lectins. These in vivo results prove the ability of the alternative pathway to carry out pathologic complement activation in the combined absence of intact classical and lectin pathways. C3 activation was also examined in vitro by adherent collagen-anti-collagen immune complexes using sera from normal or complement-deficient mice. These results confirm the ability of the alternative pathway to mediate immune complex-induced C3 activation when C4 or C1q, or both C1q and mannose-binding lectins, are absent. However, when all three activation pathways of complement are intact, initiation by immune complexes occurs primarily by the classical pathway. These results indicate that the alternative pathway amplification loop, with its ability to greatly enhance C3 activation, is necessary to mediate inflammatory arthritis induced by adherent immune complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology B115, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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35
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Nguyen CQ, Kim H, Cornelius JG, Peck AB. Development of Sjogren's syndrome in nonobese diabetic-derived autoimmune-prone C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mice is dependent on complement component-3. J Immunol 2007; 179:2318-29. [PMID: 17675493 PMCID: PMC2850056 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of complement in the etiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), a human autoimmune disease manifested primarily by salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction resulting in dry mouth/dry eye syndrome, remains ill-defined. In the present study, we examined the role of complement component-3 (C3) using a newly constructed C3-gene knockout mouse, C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2.C3(-/-). Inactivation of C3 in the parental C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 strain, a model of primary SjS, resulted in a diminished or total absence of both preclinical and clinical manifestations during development and onset of disease, including reduced acinar cell apoptosis, reduced levels of caspase-3, lack of leukocyte infiltration of submandibular glands, reduced synthesis of disease-associated autoantibodies, maintenance of normal glandular architecture, and retention of normal saliva secretion. In addition, C57BL/6-NOD.Aec1Aec2.C3(-/-) mice did not exhibit increased numbers of marginal zone B cells, a feature of SjS-prone C57BL/6-NOD.Aec1Aec2 mice. Interestingly, C57BL/6-NOD.Aec1Aec2.C3(-/-) mice retained some early pathological manifestations, including activation of serine kinases with proteolytic activity for parotid secretory protein. This improvement in the clinical manifestations of SjS-like disease in C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2.C3(-/-) mice, apparently a direct consequence of C3 deficiency, supports a much more important role for complement in the adaptive autoimmune response than previously recognized, possibly implicating an essential role for innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Q Nguyen
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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36
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Liang Y, Li S, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wen C, Zou Q, Su B. Complement 3-deficient mice are not protected against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Brain Res 2007; 1178:132-40. [PMID: 17900537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have invoked inflammation as a major contributor to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Emerging evidence indicated that components of complement system may be involved in such disorder and contribute to its development. We thus observed the influence of deficiency of complement 3 (C3), the key component of complement system, on the death of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the loss of dopaminergic fibers in striatum induced by acute or chronic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Immunohistochemical staining of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and neurochemical analysis of dopamine and its metabolites in striata revealed that there was no significant difference between the two genotypes. Longer survival time also indicated that C3 might not mediate the spontaneous recovery of dopaminergic fibers in mouse striatum acutely challenged by MPTP. We conclude that, despite growing evidence indicating the involvement of complement system in the pathogenesis of PD, our data do not support a role for C3 in this established model of PD, as indicated by results from HPLC analysis and immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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37
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Makri S, Purdy AE, Bartlett D, Fierer J. Pathogenicity of environmental isolates of V. cholerae in mice. Microbes Infect 2007; 9:1351-8. [PMID: 17890125 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Environmental V. cholerae (Vc) have the potential for virulence in people and they may also be a reservoir of accessory virulence genes. We infected mice with two non-O1, non-O139 Vc (TP and SIO) that were isolated in San Diego County and compared them to Vc O1 El Tor N16961 using a model of pneumonia in adult mice. Live but not heat killed Vc El Tor and TP caused fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia despite a >90% decrease in CFU in 24h suggesting the disease was toxin mediated. SIO did not cause pneumonia in normal mice but neutropenic, gp91phox and complement (C3) mice were more susceptible to all three strains. TP and SIO lack ctx but have rtxA, hlyA, and hapA, genes that encode virulence factors in Vc El Tor. The explanation for the enhanced virulence of TP remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatoula Makri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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38
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Brito-Zerón P, Ramos-Casals M, Bove A, Sentis J, Font J. Predicting adverse outcomes in primary Sjogren's syndrome: identification of prognostic factors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46:1359-62. [PMID: 17569749 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kem079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify features present at diagnosis that were prospectively associated with adverse outcomes in a large cohort of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Two hundred and sixty-six patients diagnosed with primary SS in our department between 1984 and 2002 were consecutively included and followed up. Outcomes measured were vasculitis, B-cell lymphoma and death. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of variables at diagnosis on outcomes. RESULTS Twenty-five (9%) patients developed vasculitis. Multivariate analysis identified parotid scintigraphy grades III or IV (HR 3.55, P = 0.05) and C4 levels <0.11 g/l (HR 8.26, P < 0.001) as variables predicting the development of vasculitis. Nine (3%) patients developed B-cell lymphoma. Multivariate analysis identified C3 levels <0.82 g/l (HR 7.54, P = 0.016) as a predictive factor of lymphoma development. Twenty-five (9%) patients died during follow-up. Systemic involvement (HR 4.51, P = 0.022), vasculitis (HR 4.58, P = 0.042), C4 levels <0.11 g/l (HR 5.47, P = 0.027) and cryoglobulins (HR 4.58, P = 0.013) were independently associated with death. The presence of at least two of the above-mentioned predictive factors (parotid scintigraphy, vasculitis, hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia) was associated with a lower survival in comparison with patients with no factor (log rank and Breslow tests <0.001). CONCLUSION The main prognostic factors for an adverse outcome identified in our cohort of patients with primary SS were vasculitis, severe involvement in parotid scintigraphy, hypocomplementaemia and/or cryoglobulins at diagnosis. Patients with at least two of these factors need a closer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brito-Zerón
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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Plessner HL, Lin PL, Kohno T, Louie JS, Kirschner D, Chan J, Flynn JL. Neutralization of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) by Antibody but not TNF Receptor Fusion Molecule Exacerbates Chronic Murine Tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2007; 195:1643-50. [PMID: 17471434 DOI: 10.1086/517519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an essential role in the immunologic maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Although an increased rate of tuberculosis has been reported in humans treated with anti-TNF biological agents, disparate rates of disease have been observed between those treated with infliximab, an anti-TNF antibody, and etanercept, a TNF-neutralizing TNF receptor (TNFR) fusion molecule. We compared the effects of anti-TNF antibody and soluble TNFR fusion molecule in the murine model of tuberculosis. Systemic TNF neutralization was equivalent between these molecules, and both resulted in rapid morbidity at the initiation of infection. During chronic infection, administration of the receptor fusion molecule allowed the control of infection, whereas antibody treatment caused mice to die within a month. We provide evidence of decreased penetration into the granulomas by the receptor fusion molecule, compared with antibody. These findings begin to clarify the mechanistic difference between anti-TNF agents and their role in the exacerbation of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillarie L Plessner
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Miwa T, Maldonado MA, Zhou L, Yamada K, Gilkeson GS, Eisenberg RA, Song WC. Decay-accelerating factor ameliorates systemic autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice via both complement-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:1258-66. [PMID: 17392165 PMCID: PMC1829459 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein that restricts complement activation on autologous cells. Previous studies have established a significant protective activity of DAF in the MRL/lpr murine model of human systemic lupus erythematosus. To dissect the mechanism of protection by DAF in this disease model, we evaluated the effect of C3 gene ablation on disease development in MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) mice. We found no significant difference in lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or anti-chromatin autoantibody titer between complement-sufficient and complement-deficient MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) mice. On the other hand, complement deficiency strikingly reduced the incidence and severity of dermatitis in MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) mice. To assess the contribution of DAF expression on lymphocytes versus local tissues in suppressing dermatitis, we generated BM chimeric mice between MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) and MRL/lpr-Daf-1(+/+) mice. Compared with MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) --> MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) controls, MRL/lpr-Daf-1(-/-) --> MRL/lpr-Daf-1(+/+) chimeras developed significantly attenuated dermatitis, suggesting that the protective effect of DAF in suppressing dermatitis is primarily attributable to its local expression. We conclude that DAF works as a complement regulator in the skin to protect MRL/lpr mice from skin inflammation, whereas its inhibitory role in the induction phase of MRL/lpr autoimmunity is complement-independent. Together, these results reveal multiple mechanisms of action for DAF in ameliorating systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Miwa
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics and Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 1254 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Bykov I, Jauhiainen M, Olkkonen VM, Saarikoski ST, Ehnholm C, Junnikkala S, Väkevä A, Lindros KO, Meri S. Hepatic gene expression and lipid parameters in complement C3(-/-) mice that do not develop ethanol-induced steatosis. J Hepatol 2007; 46:907-14. [PMID: 17321001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 10/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Fatty infiltration initiates alcohol-induced liver changes and complement component C3 affects lipid metabolism. We recently observed that ethanol-induced steatosis seen in normal (C3(+/+)) mice was absent in livers of C3-deficient (C3(-/-)) mice. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms we analyzed lipid parameters and liver gene expression profiles in these mice. METHODS A Western-type high-fat diet with ethanol or carbohydrates (control) was fed for 6 weeks to C3(+/+) and C3(-/-) mice. Serum and liver lipid parameters were analyzed and liver mRNA expression patterns studied by micro-array analysis and RT-PCR. RESULTS In both genotypes ethanol markedly reduced serum cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, phospholipid transfer protein activity and hepatic mRNA levels of fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid beta-oxidation enzymes. In contrast, exclusively in C3(-/-) mice, ethanol treatment increased serum and liver adiponectin levels but down-regulated transcripts of lipogenic enzymes, adiponectin receptor 2 and adipose differentiation-related protein and up-regulated phospholipase D1. CONCLUSIONS We propose that these ethanol-induced alterations observed exclusively in C3(-/-) mice contribute to protection against fatty infiltration and subsequent inflammatory processes in the liver of these mice. The results suggest important cross-talk between complement factor C3 and lipid regulators in ethanol-induced steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bykov
- National Public Health Institute, Departments of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, Finland
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Micheloud D, Sarmiento E, Teijeiro R, Jensen J, Rodríguez Molina JJ, Fernández-Cruz E, Carbone J. Hypocomplementemia in the absence of autoantibodies in women with recurrent pregnancy loss. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2007; 35:90-4. [PMID: 17594871 DOI: 10.1157/13106775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating data suggest an immunopathogenic role for the complement system as a causative element in pregnancy loss (PL). Formation of pathogenic antibodies with activation of the classical pathway may have a role, but this mechanism fails to characterize the majority of cases with recurrent PL. We established the prevalence of hypocomplementemia without circulating autoantibodies in women with recurrent PL. METHODS In a retrospective case control study, 201 women with recurrent PL (two or more PL) and 30 healthy women who had normal pregnancies but no PL were studied. Serum levels of C3, C4, and factor B were determined by nephelometry. Total hemolytic activity of the complement system (CH100) was investigated by radial immunodiffusion test. RESULTS The prevalence of hypocomplementemia [low levels of C3, C4, FB or CH100 (with normal concentrations of C3, C4 and FB)] was significantly higher in women with recurrent PL (22.4%) in comparison with controls (6.6%; p = 0.019). C3, C4, FB hypocomplementemia or low CH100 were observed in 13 (6.5%), 19 (9.4%), 13 (6.5%) and 7 (3.5%) women with recurrent PL, respectively. Among patients with C3, C4, FB or CH100 hypocomplementemia, 10, 18, 12 and 5 patients had no circulating autoantibodies [antinuclear antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies or antithyroid antibodies], respectively. In all, hypocomplementemia, in the absence of autoantibodies, was observed in 38 (18.9%) women with recurrent PL in a significantly higher frequency than controls (n = 2, p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS Hypocomplementemia, in the absence of autoantibodies was observed in a group of women with recurrent PL which might suggest a role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of PL in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Micheloud
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
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Coles B, Lewis R, Anning PB, Morton J, Baalasubramanian S, Morgan BP, O'Donnell VB. CD59 or C3 are not requred for angiotensin II-dependent hypertension or hypertrophy in mice. Immunology 2007; 121:518-25. [PMID: 17433074 PMCID: PMC2265976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is a major pro-inflammatory innate immune system whose serum activity correlates with systolic blood pressure in humans. To date, no studies using in vivo models have directly examined the role of individual complement components in regulating vessel function, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Herein, in vivo responses to angiotensin (ang) II were characterized in mice deficient in CD59a or C3. CD59a(-/-) mice had slightly but significantly elevated systolic blood pressure (107.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg versus 113.8 +/- 1.31 mmHg, P < 0.01, for wild-type and CD59a(-/-), respectively). Aortic rings from CD59a(-/-) mice showed significantly less platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) expression, with elevated deposition of membrane attack complex. However, acetylcholine- and sodium nitroprusside-dependent dilatation, plasma nitrate/nitrite and aortic cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels were unchanged from wild-type. Also, in vivo infusion with either ang II or noradrenaline caused similar hypertension and vascular hypertrophy to wild-type. Mice deficient in C3 had similar basal blood pressure to wild type and showed no differences in hypertension or hypertrophy responses to in vivo infusion with ang II. These data indicate that CD59a deficiency is associated with some vascular alterations that may represent early damage occurring as a result of increased complement attack. However, a direct role for CD59a or C3 in modulating development of ang II-dependent hypertension or hypertrophy in vivo is excluded and we suggest caution in development of complement intervention strategies for hypertension and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Coles
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Twohig J, Kulik L, Haluszczak C, Reuter J, Rossbach A, Bull M, Holers VM, Marchbank KJ. Defective B cell ontogeny and immune response in human complement receptor 2 (CR2, CD21) transgenic mice is partially recovered in the absence of C3. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:3434-44. [PMID: 17379312 PMCID: PMC1948027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mice prematurely expressing human CR2 (hCR2) in the B cell lineage have a defective B cell ontogeny and immune response. Our recent analysis of this phenotype suggested that signaling through hCR2 and presumably mouse CD19 on the B cell surface, during bone marrow development, could result in the observed changes in B cell function in these mice. To test this hypothesis, we back crossed hCR2(high) transgenic mice onto the CD19(-/-) background. CD19(-/-)hCR2(high) mice were found to possess even fewer mature B cells than their CD19(+/+)hCR2(high) littermates, demonstrating that loss of CD19 exacerbated the effects elicited through hCR2. This data suggests that CD19 provides a survival signal during B cell development in this model. Next, we examined if the removal of the main ligand for CR2, namely C3d, through back-crossing onto the C3(-/-) background could restore normal B cell development. However, we found only minor recovery in peripheral B cell numbers and no obvious change in function. This was despite a three-fold increase in the level of hCR2 expression on B cells isolated from the spleen or bone marrow of C3(-/-)hCR2(high) mice when compared with C3 sufficient littermates. These data demonstrate that hCR2 is integrated in mouse B cell signaling and that the downstream effects of hCR2 expression during early B cell development are partially but not completely due to interaction with C3 fragments and signaling through CD19 in the bone marrow environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Twohig
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Immunology, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XX, UK
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45
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Szalai AJ, Hu X, Adams JE, Barnum SR. Complement in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis revisited: C3 is required for development of maximal disease. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:3132-6. [PMID: 17353050 PMCID: PMC1986644 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Complement per se has been shown to play an important role in demyelinating disease but controversy remains regarding the role of C3 in the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis. In this study, we used C3(-/-) mice to confirm previous findings that C3 is required for full development of EAE. Furthermore, C3(+/-) mice (with serum C3 levels 50% that of wild-type mice) developed EAE with a severity intermediate between wild-type and C3(-/-) mice. Importantly transfer of wild-type encephalitogenic T cells to C3(-/-) mice resulted in attenuated EAE. C3(-/-) mice with EAE had fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the CNS and 50% fewer of these cells produced IFN-gamma compared to wild-type mice. When treated with anti-CD3 antibody, CD4(+) T cells from wild-type and C3(-/-) mice had similar activation profiles as judged by IFN-gamma production and CD25 and CD69 expression, indicating there is no gross or intrinsic defect in T cells from C3(-/-) mice. T cells from primed C3(-/-) mice proliferated comparably to that of control T cells on re-stimulation with MOG peptide. Our results confirm a requirement for C3 for maximal development of EAE and suggest that receptors for C3-derived activation fragments might be a viable therapeutic target for prevention and treatment demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Szalai
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xianzhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jillian E. Adams
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Scott R. Barnum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- *Corresponding Author: Dr. Scott R. Barnum, Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19 St. S., BBRB/842, Birmingham, AL 35294. E-mail address:
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Pritchard MT, McMullen MR, Stavitsky AB, Cohen JI, Lin F, Edward Medof M, Nagy LE. Differential contributions of C3, C5, and decay-accelerating factor to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. Gastroenterology 2007; 132:1117-1126. [PMID: 17383432 PMCID: PMC1838572 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The complement pathway is an important component of the innate and adaptive immune response. Here we tested the hypothesis that activation of complement is required for development of ethanol-induced fatty liver. METHODS Wild-type mice and mice lacking the third (C3) or fifth (C5) components of the complement activation pathway, as well as mice lacking decay-accelerating factor (CD55/DAF), a complement regulatory protein, were fed Lieber-DeCarli ethanol-containing diets for 6 weeks or pair-fed control diets. RESULTS Ethanol feeding to wild-type mice increased C3a in plasma. Wild-type and C5-/- mice fed the ethanol diet developed hepatic steatosis characterized by microvesicular and macrovesicular lipid accumulation and increased triglyceride content. C3-/- mice did not develop steatosis, while CD55/DAF-/- mice accumulated even more hepatic triglyceride after ethanol feeding than wild-type mice. Levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and hepatic tumor necrosis factor alpha, indicators of hepatocyte injury and inflammation, respectively, were increased in wild-type and CD55/DAF-/- mice but not in C5-/- mice after ethanol feeding. In contrast to the protective effect of C3-/- against ethanol-induced steatosis, levels of both alanine aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor alpha were increased in C3-/- mice after ethanol feeding. CONCLUSIONS Here we have identified several elements of the complement system as important contributors to ethanol-induced fatty liver. C3 contributed primarily to the accumulation of triglyceride in the liver, whereas C5 was involved in inflammation and injury to hepatocytes. Further, the absence of CD55/DAF exacerbated these responses, suggesting that CD55/DAF serves as a barrier to ethanol-induced fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele T. Pritchard
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
- Pathology, Western Reserve University, Case Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - Megan R. McMullen
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
- Pathology, Western Reserve University, Case Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - Abram B. Stavitsky
- Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - Jessica I. Cohen
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - Feng Lin
- Pathology, Western Reserve University, Case Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - M. Edward Medof
- Pathology, Western Reserve University, Case Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4906
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Baudino L, Fossati-Jimack L, Chevalley C, Martinez-Soria E, Shulman MJ, Izui S. IgM and IgA anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies induce anemia in a mouse model through multivalency-dependent hemagglutination but not through complement activation. Blood 2007; 109:5355-62. [PMID: 17317854 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-059899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
By generating IgM and IgA switch variants of the 34-3C IgG2a anti-red blood cell (RBC) autoantibody, we evaluated the pathogenic activity of these 2 isotypes in view of the Fc-associated effector functions (ie, complement activation and polyvalency-dependent agglutination). We found that polymeric forms of 34-3C IgM and IgA anti-RBC autoantibody were as pathogenic as IgG2a, which was the most pathogenic among 4 different IgG subclasses, whereas their monomeric variants completely lacked pathogenic effects. Histological examination showed that 34-3C IgM and IgA autoantibodies caused anemia as a result of multivalency-dependent hemaggultination and subsequent sequestration of RBC in the spleen, in contrast to Fc receptor- and complement receptor-mediated erythrophagocytosis by Kupffer cells with IgG isotypes. In addition, the development of anemia induced by IgM and IgA isotypes of 34-3C antibody and by 2 additional IgM anti-RBC monoclonal autoantibodies was not inhibited at all in C3-deficient mice, indicating the lack of involvement of complement activation in the pathogenesis of IgM- and IgA-induced anemia. Our data demonstrate a remarkably high pathogenic potential of polymeric forms of IgM and IgA anti-RBC autoantibodies due to their ability to induce hemagglutination but completely independent of complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Baudino
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Morrison TE, Fraser RJ, Smith PN, Mahalingam S, Heise MT. Complement contributes to inflammatory tissue destruction in a mouse model of Ross River virus-induced disease. J Virol 2007; 81:5132-43. [PMID: 17314163 PMCID: PMC1900244 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02799-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV) and chikungunya virus, are mosquito-borne viruses that cause significant human disease worldwide, including explosive epidemics that can result in thousands to millions of infected individuals. Similar to infection of humans, infection of C57BL/6 mice with RRV results in severe monocytic inflammation of bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissues. We demonstrate here that the complement system, an important component of the innate immune response, enhances the severity of RRV-induced disease in mice. Complement activation products were detected in the inflamed tissues and in the serum of RRV-infected wild-type mice. Furthermore, mice deficient in C3 (C3(-/-)), the central component of the complement system, developed much less severe disease signs than did wild-type mice. Complement-mediated chemotaxis is essential for many inflammatory arthritides; however, RRV-infected wild-type and C3(-/-) mice had similar numbers and composition of inflammatory infiltrates within hind limb skeletal muscle tissue. Despite similar inflammatory infiltrates, RRV-infected C3(-/-) mice exhibited far less severe destruction of skeletal muscle tissue. In addition to these studies, complement activation was also detected in synovial fluid from RRV-infected patients. Taken together, these findings indicate that complement activation occurs in the tissues of humans and mice infected with RRV and suggest that complement plays an essential role in the effector phase, but not the inductive phase, of RRV-induced arthritis and myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Burrer R, Buchmeier MJ, Wolfe T, Ting JPC, Feuer R, Iglesias A, von Herrath MG. Exacerbated pathology of viral encephalitis in mice with central nervous system-specific autoantibodies. Am J Pathol 2007; 170:557-66. [PMID: 17255324 PMCID: PMC1851853 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examine here the outcome of viral encephalomyelitis [mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) A59, Theiler's encephalomyelitis virus, and Coxsackievirus B3] in mice with autoantibodies to a central nervous system (CNS)-specific antigen, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, that usually develop no clinical disease. Morbidity and mortality of the acute viral CNS disease was augmented by the presence of the autoantibodies in all three viral infections. Transfer of serum containing the autoantibodies at the time of infection with MHV was sufficient to reproduce the exacerbated disease. The presence of the autoantibodies was found to result in increased infiltration of mononuclear cells into the brain. Early demyelination was severely augmented in brains and spinal cords of MHV-infected mice with CNS-specific autoantibodies. The antibody-mediated exacerbation was shown to be independent of the complement system but to require expression of Fc receptors, because it was observed in C'-3-deficient but not in Fc receptor-deficient mice. Our study illustrates the possibility that infections can lead to much more profound immunopathology in the presence of an otherwise latent autoimmune condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Burrer
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scrips Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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50
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Sobel RA. Anti-viral T-cell immunity+anti-CNS autoantibody=a model for human acute disseminated encephalomyelitis or multiple sclerosis relapse? Am J Pathol 2007; 170:436-8. [PMID: 17255311 PMCID: PMC1851860 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond A Sobel
- Laboratory Service (113), Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, and the Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA.
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