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van Emmerik CL, van Ingen H. Unspinning chromatin: Revealing the dynamic nucleosome landscape by NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 110:1-19. [PMID: 30803691 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
NMR is an essential technique for obtaining information at atomic resolution on the structure, motions and interactions of biomolecules. Here, we review the contribution of NMR to our understanding of the fundamental unit of chromatin: the nucleosome. Nucleosomes compact the genome by wrapping the DNA around a protein core, the histone octamer, thereby protecting genomic integrity. Crucially, the imposed barrier also allows strict regulation of gene expression, DNA replication and DNA repair processes through an intricate system of histone and DNA modifications and a wide range of interactions between nucleosomes and chromatin factors. In this review, we describe how NMR has contributed to deciphering the molecular basis of nucleosome function. Starting from pioneering studies in the 1960s using natural abundance NMR studies, we focus on the progress in sample preparation and NMR methodology that has allowed high-resolution studies on the nucleosome and its subunits. We summarize the results and approaches of state-of-the-art NMR studies on nucleosomal DNA, histone complexes, nucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays. These studies highlight the particular strength of NMR in studying nucleosome dynamics and nucleosome-protein interactions. Finally, we look ahead to exciting new possibilities that will be afforded by on-going developments in solution and solid-state NMR. By increasing both the depth and breadth of nucleosome NMR studies, it will be possible to offer a unique perspective on the dynamic landscape of nucleosomes and its interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara L van Emmerik
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hugo van Ingen
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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2
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Boffa L, Saccomani G, Tamburro AM, Scatturin A, Vidali G. Chromosomal nucleoproteins: CD studies on reconstituted nucleohistones from avian erythrocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 3:357-63. [PMID: 5137324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1971.tb01731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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3
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Tamburro AM, Scatturin A, Vidali G. On the conformation of histones: CD studies on the lysine- and serine-rich fractions from avian erythrocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 2:127-31. [PMID: 5538386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1970.tb01667.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Bender K, Betschart B, Hecker H. Histone-DNA interactions in the chromatin of procyclic Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Parasitol Res 1992; 78:495-500. [PMID: 1438135 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation of histone proteins a-d from the chromatin of Trypanosoma brucei brucei procyclic culture forms was investigated by removing the proteins from the DNA by centrifugation of soluble chromatin through isokinetic sucrose gradients in the presence of NaCl. The dissociation of the T. b. brucei histones was compared with that of their higher-eukaryote counterparts H3, H2A, H2B and H4. All four histones of T. b. brucei remained bound to the DNA at 500 mM NaCl, were partially released at 750 mM NaCl and were completely dissociated from the DNA at 1 M NaCl. These interactions of histones a-d with the DNA were comparable with those of the H2 histones in the chromatin of higher eukaryotes, and histones a and d interacted with the DNA more weakly than did their higher-eukaryote counterparts H3 and H4. Substoichiometric amounts of an additional protein were recovered in the top fractions of the gradients under all dissociation conditions. This protein migrated in the H1 region of rat-liver chromatin in various gel systems. Its early release from the DNA also indicated a resemblance to histone H1. The presence of only small amounts of this protein and the relatively weak interactions of histones a and d with the DNA suggest that the mechanisms involved in chromatin compaction in T. b. brucei are different from those in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bender
- Swiss Tropical Institute, Basel, Switzerland
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Arellano A, Canales M, Jullian C, Brunet JE. Fluorescence studies on clupein protamines: evidence for globular conformation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1988; 150:633-9. [PMID: 3124837 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(88)90439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Conjugates of fluorescein isothiocyanate with clupein YI, YII and Z, the protamines from Clupea palasii, were prepared and their fluorescence utilized to determine the rotational relaxation times of the proteins. All conjugates exhibited single component lifetimes near 4.05 ns. Linear isothermal Perrin plots were obtained for all conjugates; these data indicated rotational relaxation times of 3.33 ns for clupein YI and YII and 3.19 ns for clupein Z. These results and the results from our previous studies lead us to postulate globular conformations for the three proteins with hydrated molecular diameters of 22 A. Based on these findings a three dimensional model for Clupein YII is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arellano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
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Abstract
The secondary structures of thirteen fish protamines have been predicted by the statistical method of Chou and Fasman as well as by two modifications of it. The occurrence of phosphorylatable residues in predicted beta-turns is discussed. The results are compared with available spectroscopic observations.
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Hiraoki T, Hikichi K. 13C Magnetic Relaxation Study of Hindered Motion of Arginine in Clupeine. Polym J 1980. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Toniolo C, Bonora GM, Marchiori F, Borin G, Filippi B. Protamines. II. Circular dichroism study of the three main components of clupeine. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 576:429-39. [PMID: 427200 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(79)90418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The three main components YI, YII, and Z of clupeine, a protamine from herring, have been purified and characterized. The conformational preferences of clupeines have been examined as a funciton of pH, temperature, added salts, and presence of structure-disrupting agents and helix-supporting solvents using circular dichroism. It was found that these small basic proteins assume predominantly an unordered conformation in aqueous solution. Addition of counter ions, in particular perchlorate, and 2-chloroethanol induces in various amounts the onset of the right-handed alpha-helical conformation. Urea favors the statistical coil state. It was also demonstrated that in the 0.1--4.0 . 10(-1) M range, in contrast to clupeines YI and Z, the circular dichroic properties of the YII component do not seem to be sensitive to the addition of mono- and diphosphate.
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Abercrombie BD, Kneale GG, Crane-Robinson C, Bradbury EM, Goodwin GH, Walker JM, Johns EW. Studies on the conformational properties of the high-mobility-group chromosomal protein HMG 17 and its interaction with DNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 84:173-7. [PMID: 565710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The conformation of the non-histone chromatin protein, HMG 17, has been studied using circular dichroism, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and by small-angle scattering. The results show that in free solution this protein has little or no secondary or tertiary structure in contrast to the other high-mobility-group proteins, HMG 1 and 2, which exhibit highly ordered structures. Protein HMG 17 binds to calf thymus DNA in an ionic-dependent manner, precipitating the DNA at high protein/DNA ratio. The nuclear magnetic resonance data suggest that the principle DNA-binding segment of HMG 17 is that between about residues 15 and 40.
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11
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Warrant RW, Kim SH. alpha-Helix-double helix interaction shown in the structure of a protamine-transfer RNA complex and a nucleoprotamine model. Nature 1978; 271:130-5. [PMID: 622153 DOI: 10.1038/271130a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray diffraction and circular dichroism studies of protamine binding to a tRNA suggest that the protamine molecule changes its conformation from a random coil to a structure containing a helices on binding to tRNA, and that alpha-helical segment(s) of protamine bind approximately along a shallow groove of a double-helical portion of ttrna. based on these observations, a structural model for nucleoprotamine is proposed.
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12
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Guillot JG, Pézolet M, Pallotta D. Laser Raman spectra of calf thymus histones H1, H2A, and H2B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 491:423-33. [PMID: 870063 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Laser Raman spectra of the calf thymus histones H1, H2A, and H2B in aqueous solutions are presented. The amide III band in the spectrum of the very lysine-rich histone H1 in aqueous solution appears at 1245 cm-1, which is almost at the same frequency as the corresponding vibration of the ionized form of poly(L-lysine). Upon increasing the NaCl concentration to 1 M, the frequency of the amide III vibration shifts to 1250 cm-1 as a result of the formation of a more compact disordered structure of at least the N-terminal region of the protein. Changing the pH from 3 to 5 induces the same frequency shift. The amide III regions of the Raman spectra of the slightly lysine-rich histones H2A and H2B shows two bands at 1247 and 1265 cm-1 for H2A, and at 1254 and 1265 cm-1 for H2B. These doublets are attributed to vibrations involving the backbone of at least two structurally distinct parts of the histone molecules. The low frequency component is assigned to the random-coil regions of the proteins which appear to have similar conformations for H1 and H2A. The frequency of this component also suggest that the structure of the disordered regions of H2B are more compact and less extended. These conclusions confirm the conformation predictions based on the primary structures of these proteins. The high frequency component at 1265 cm-1 is assigned to the alpha-helical and rigid disordered structures of H2A and H2B, since this band increases in intensity upon addition of NaCl. The amide I' region of the histone spectra is also presented but appears to be much less sensitive to the conformation than the amide III region. The intensity of the bands due to the single bond C-C stretching modes, as well as the intensity ratio of the tyrosine Fermi doublet at 855 and 830 cm-1, are also discussed.
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13
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Smerdon MJ, Isenberg I. Conformational changes in subfractions of calf thymus histone H1. Biochemistry 1976; 15:4233-42. [PMID: 9134 DOI: 10.1021/bi00664a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first study of conformational changes in the subfractions of calf thymus H1. H1 was fractionated by the method of Kincade and Cole (Kincade, J. M., and Cole, R.D. (1966), J. Biol. Chem. 241. 5790) using a very shallow Gdn-HC1 gradient. A possible new H1 subfraction, about 5--8% of the H1, has been found and characterized by amino acid analysis and electrophoresis. The effects of salt concentration and pH on the conformation of each of the four major subfractions have been studied by measuring the fluorescence anisotropy of the tyrosine emission and the circular dichroism (CD) of the peptide bond. Upon the addition of salt to aqueous solutions at neutral pH, all four subfractions show an instantaneous change in fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence intensity, tyrosine absorbance, and CD. The folding associated with this instantaneous change is highly cooperative, and involves the region of the molecule containing the lone tyrosine, which becomes buried in the folded form. The folding of subfraction 3a is more sensitive to salt than the other major subfractions. Upon folding, approximately 13% of the residues of subfractions 1b and 2 form alpha and beta structure; 3a and 3b have approximately 16% of the residues in alpha and beta structures. There is no evidence for interactions between the subfractions. In salt-free solutions, each of the four major subfractions show very little change in conformation in going from low to neutral pH, but each shows a very sharp transition near pH 9. This transition gives rise to a marked increase in fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence intensity, and involves the formation of both alpha and beta strucute in a manner similar to that of the salt-induced state.
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Kjellstrand P, Lamm CJ. A model of the breakdown and removal of the chromatin components during Feulgen acid hydrolysis. THE HISTOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 1976; 8:419-30. [PMID: 60310 DOI: 10.1007/bf01003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A stochastic model of Feulgen hydrolysis is proposed. The model, constructed so as to embody the main features of chromatin structure, is simple enough to allow the calculation of extraction rates. Extraction rate curves generated by the model are compared with experimental curves obtained under various conditions (different fixatives and hydrolysis solutions). A good correspondence is found between the experiments and the predictions of the model.
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15
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Mihalakis N, Miller OJ, Erlanger BF. Antibodies to histones and histone-histone complexes: immunochemical evidence for secondary structure in histone 1. Science 1976; 192:469-71. [PMID: 3853 DOI: 10.1126/science.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly specific antibodies were raised to histone 1 (H 1) and the histone complexes H32-H42 AND H2A-H2B, isolated by salt extraction. Antibody to H1 could detect irreversible conformational changes in acid- or urea-treated H1. The antibodies showed different reactivities with chromosomes as compared to antibodies in acid-extracted histones and should be useful in studies of native chromatin and chromosome structure.
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16
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Humble E, Berglund L, Titanji V, Ljungström O, Edlund B, Zetterqvist O, Engström L. Non-dependence on native structure of pig liver pyruvate kinase when used as a substrate for cyclic 3',5'-AMP-stimulated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 66:614-21. [PMID: 170925 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Bradbury EM, Cary PD, Chapman GE, Crane-Robinson C, Danby SE, Rattle HW, Boublik M, Palau J, Aviles FJ. Studies on the role and mode of operation of the very-lysine-rich histone H1 (F1) in eukaryote chromatin. The conformation of histone H1. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 52:605-13. [PMID: 1236150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance, circular dichroism and other studies of whole and cleaved calf thymus histone H1 (formerly F1) reveal the presence of specific folded structures in the region approximately from residue 40--115. Ionic, hydrogen-bond and hydrophobic interactions all appear to contribute to the stability of the structure, which is predicted to contain alpha-helices in regions 42--55 and 58--75. No evidence was found for beta-structures, either inter or intramolecular, or for any structure formation outside the region 40--115. At 18 degrees C and a protein concentration of 2 mM the first-order exchange rate between random-coil and structured forms is slower than 80 s-1; at 40 degrees C the exchange rate is faster than 330 s-1.
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18
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Pekary AE, Li HJ, Chan SI, Hsu CJ, Wagner TE. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of histone IV solution conformation. Biochemistry 1975; 14:1177-84. [PMID: 235281 DOI: 10.1021/bi00677a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 220-MHz high-resolution proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectrum of histone IV has been examined as a function of histone concentration, salt concentration, and pD. The hydrophobic C-terminal portion of the histone IV monomer appears to be largely PMR "invisible" indicating that this region of the polypeptide contains rigid secondary structure. Further loss of PMR resonance areas with increased histone IV concentration in neat D2O has been attributed to self-aggregation involving a monomer-dimer equilibrium. An equilibrium between the monomer and large aggregates, on the other hand, appears to dominate at NaCl concentrations above 0.01 M. pD studies reveal an abrupt increase in histone IV aggregation at pD smaller than 0.8 and precipitation of histone IV at pD values in the neighborhood of its isoelectric point, pD similar to 11.
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Burichenko VK, Kasymova GF, Marupov RM, Isabaev MI. A study of the conformational states of arginine-containing polypeptides of regular structure. Chem Nat Compd 1975. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00570675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Smythies JR, Benington F, Bradley RJ, Morin RD, Romine WO. On the mechanism of interaction between histone I and DNA and histone III and DNA. J Theor Biol 1974; 47:309-15. [PMID: 4437189 DOI: 10.1016/0022-5193(74)90200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Williams RE, Seligy VL. Avian erythrocyte histones: salt-induced conformational changes in the erythrocyte-specific histone V(f2c). FEBS Lett 1973; 33:197-200. [PMID: 4738098 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(73)80191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Small EW, Craig AM, Isenberg I. Histone IV binding of 3,4-benzpyrene, pyrene, anthracene, and 9-methylanthracene. Biopolymers 1973; 12:1149-60. [PMID: 4710251 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1973.360120517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Palau J, Padrós E. Crevices containing cysteine in the tertiary structure of calf thymus histone F3. FEBS Lett 1972; 27:157-160. [PMID: 11946829 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Palau
- Instituto de Biología Fundamental, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Avda. Claret, 171, 13, Barcelona, Spain
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Bradbury EM, Rattle HW. Simple computer-aided approach for the analyses of the nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra of histones. Fractions F1, Fsa1, F2B, cleaved halves of F2B and F2B-DNA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 27:270-81. [PMID: 5050974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Berlowitz L, Kitchin R, Pallotta D. Histones and RNA synthesis: selective binding of histones by a synthetic polyanion in calf thymus nuclei. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 262:160-8. [PMID: 5017912 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Kleiman L, Huang RC. Reconstitution of chromatin. The sequential binding of histones to DNA in the presence of salt and urea. J Mol Biol 1972; 64:1-8. [PMID: 5062731 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bustin M. Nitration of the tyrosine in histone F1 in salt solutions and in F1-polyanion complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 251:172-80. [PMID: 11452382 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(71)90100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of histone F1 with tetranitromethane was used to study the environment of the single tyrosine residue in the molecule. It was found that at a 10-fold molar excess of tetranitromethane over tyrosine approx. 40 min were needed to convert 85% of the tyrosine residues to nitrotyrosine. The rate and extent of nitration of F1 in dilute salt solutions was used as a reference against which the rate and extent of nitration under conditions known to affect the conformation of F1 was measured. In 1.0 M NaCl solutions the rate of nitration decreased, suggesting that the presence of salt may cause a conformational change in the tyrosine containing region of the histone. When the histone is complexed with polyanions such as DNA, RNA or poly-L-glutamic acid the accessibility of the tyrosine to nitration is markedly reduced. The results indicate that upon association with polyanions the non-cationic, tyrosine-containing, region in F1 undergoes a conformational change or alternatively, this tyrosine containing region is tightly associated with the polyanion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bustin
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Bradbury EM, Cary PD, Crane-Robinson C, Riches PL, Johns EW. Proton magnetic resonance studies of conformational changes n cleaved halves of histone F2B. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 233:265-7. [PMID: 5288123 DOI: 10.1038/newbio233265a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Agrell IP. Interactions between denatured DNA and RNA at the formation of nucleohistones. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 2: BIOCHEMISTRY, GENERAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1971; 10:691-9. [PMID: 5560538 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(71)90152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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40
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41
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Boublík M, Bradbury EM, Crane-Robinson C, Johns EW. An investigation of the conformational changes of histone F2b by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 17:151-9. [PMID: 5530512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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43
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Wilhelm FX, Wilhelm ML, Champagne MH. [Preparation of 2 fractions of histones by saline extraction]. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 16:103-9. [PMID: 5456125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb01059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Jirgensons B, Capetillo S. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on circular dichroism of some nonhelical proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 214:1-5. [PMID: 5530754 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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45
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Panyim S, Chalkley R, Spiker S, Oliver D. Constant electrophoretic mobility of the cysteine-containing histone in plants and animals. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 214:216-21. [PMID: 5530755 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(70)90086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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46
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Krausz LM, Kauzmann W. Volume change accompanying the titration of the amino groups of a lysine-rich histone. Arch Biochem Biophys 1970; 139:80-2. [PMID: 5528499 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(70)90046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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47
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Boublík M, Bradbury EM, Crane-Robinson C. An investigation of the conformational changes in histones F1 and F2a1 by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1970; 14:486-97. [PMID: 5530727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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