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Kimura M, Wittmann-Liebold B. The primary structure of protein L4 from the large subunit of the Escherichia coli
ribosome. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(80)80372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chittum HS, Champney WS. Erythromycin inhibits the assembly of the large ribosomal subunit in growing Escherichia coli cells. Curr Microbiol 1995; 30:273-9. [PMID: 7766155 DOI: 10.1007/bf00295501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics have been examined for their effects on ribosome assembly in growing Escherichia coli cells. Formation of the 50S ribosomal subunit was specifically inhibited by erythromycin and azithromycin. Other related compounds tested, including oleandomycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin, and virginiamycin M1, did not influence assembly. Erythromycin did not promote the breakdown of ribosomes formed in the absence of the drug. Two erythromycin-resistant mutants with alterations in ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 were also examined for an effect on assembly. Subunit assembly was affected in the mutant containing the L22 alteration only at erythromycin concentrations fourfold greater than those needed to stop assembly in wild-type cells. Ribosomal subunit assembly was only marginally affected at the highest drug concentration tested in the cells that contained the altered L4 protein. These novel results indicate that erythromycin has two effects on translation, preventing elongation of the polypeptide chain and also inhibiting the formation of the large ribosomal subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chittum
- Department of Biochemistry, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614, USA
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3
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Meier A, Kirschner P, Springer B, Steingrube VA, Brown BA, Wallace RJ, Böttger EC. Identification of mutations in 23S rRNA gene of clarithromycin-resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:381-4. [PMID: 8192472 PMCID: PMC284463 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.2.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clarithromycin is a potent macrolide that has been used for treating infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Pairs of susceptible and resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare strains were obtained from patients with chronic pulmonary M. intracellulare infections undergoing monotherapy with clarithromycin. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the peptidyltransferase region in 23S rRNAs from parental and resistant strains revealed that in three of six resistant strains, for which the MIC was > 32 micrograms/ml, a single base was mutated (Escherichia coli equivalent, A-2058-->G, C, or U). As the modification of adenine 2058 by dimethylation is a frequent cause of macrolide resistance in a variety of different bacteria, we suggest that mutation of A-2058 confers acquired resistance to clarithromycin in M. intracellulare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meier
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany
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Dowling JN, McDevitt DA, Pasculle AW. Isolation and preliminary characterization of erythromycin-resistant variants of Legionella micdadei and Legionella pneumophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985; 27:272-4. [PMID: 3985605 PMCID: PMC176253 DOI: 10.1128/aac.27.2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythromycin-resistant Legionella spp. variants were obtained by a single passage of the naturally occurring bacteria on medium containing various concentrations of erythromycin. By disk diffusion susceptibility testing, at least three different phenotypic patterns of cross-resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics were observed among the 26 erythromycin-resistant strains examined.
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Curgy JJ, Perasso R, Boissonneau E, Iftode F, Stelly N, Andre J. The mitoribosomes of a chloramphenicol-resistant cytoplasmic mutant of Tetrahymnea pyriformis differ from those of the wild strain. Curr Genet 1981; 4:121-30. [PMID: 24185957 DOI: 10.1007/bf00365690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/1981] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous CAP-resistant mutant, STR1, has been isolated from the sensitive St-strain of Tetrahymena pyriformis (Curgy et al., Biologie Cellulaire 37, 51-60, 1980; Perasso et al., Biologie Cellulaire 37, 45-50, 1980). The goal of the present work is to disclose if the resistance character is due to a modification in the mitoribosomes and if the CAP-treatment induces changes in their abundance and in their physico-chemical properties.The results show that the resistance character of the mutant is due to a reduced affinity of its mitoribosomes for CAP. This difference can be explained by modifications of at least one protein which is probably coded for by the mitochondrial genome.The mitoribosomes from CAP-treated sensitive cells tend to dissociate into their subunits and the electrophoretic pattern of their proteins suggests that at least two mitoribosomal proteins are necessary to bound the two subunits together. These proteins are probably translated in mitochondria.Finally, the CAP-treatment induces a decrease of the abundance of mitoribosomes in the sensitive cells whereas it induced an increase in the resistant cells. The latter change can be regarded as a regulatory mechanism owing to which a loss of efficiency of the mitoribosomes is compensated by their enlarged abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Curgy
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire 4, Université Paris XI, Bâtiment 444, 91405, Orsay-Cedex, France
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Sharrock RA, Leighton T, Wittmann HG. Macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance mutations in the bacillus subtilis ribosome resulting in temperature-sensitive sporulation. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1981; 183:538-43. [PMID: 6801428 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutants of Bacillus subtilis resistant to various macrolide antibiotics have been isolated and characterized with respect to their sporulation phenotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). Two types of major alterations of r-protein L17, one probably due to a small deletion, are found among mutants exhibiting high-level macrolide resistance. These mutants are all temperature-sensitive for sporulation (Spots). Low-level resistance to some macrolides is found to be associated with minor alterations in r-protein L17. These mutations do not cause a defective sporulation phenotype. All of the macrolide resistance mutations map at the same locus within the Str-Spc region of the B. subtilis chromosome. Hence, changes in a single ribosomal protein can result in different sporulation phenotypes. Mutants resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin and kanamycin have been isolated. Approximately 5% of these are Spots. Representative mutations, neo162 and kan25, cause concomitant drug resistance and sporulation temperature-sensitivity and map a single-site lesions in the Str-Spc region of the chromosome. Strains bearing neo162 or kan25 are equally cross-resistant to streptomycin or spectinomycin. These mutations define a new B. subtilis drug resistance locus at which mutation can cause defective sporulation.
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Nierhaus KH, Wittmann HG. Ribosomal function and its inhibition by antibiotics in prokaryotes. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1980; 67:234-50. [PMID: 6901544 DOI: 10.1007/bf01054532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most of the known antibiotics act at the level of protein biosynthesis probably due to the extraordinary complexity of the translation machinery which can be interfered with at many points. At first a survey is given of our present knowledge covering the structure and function of the prokaryotic ribosome. The most important antibiotics acting at the translational level are integrated into this network of data. The binding sites and the inhibition mechanisms of the drugs, together with the ribosomal components altered in resistant mutants are described. Finally, the points of interference with the translational machinery are indicated in an extended scheme of ribosomal functions.
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Dohme F, Fahnestock SR. Identification of proteins involved in the peptidyl transferase activity of ribosomes by chemical modification. J Mol Biol 1979; 129:63-81. [PMID: 376856 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Teraoka H, Nierhaus KH. Proteins fro Escherichia coli ribosomes involved in the binding of erythromycin. J Mol Biol 1978; 126:185-93. [PMID: 368344 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Pardo D, Rosset R. Properties of ribosomes from erythromycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1977; 156:267-71. [PMID: 340907 DOI: 10.1007/bf00267181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the in vitro properties of ribosomes from several mutants resistant to erythromycin. Mutations in three different genes may confer resistance to erythromycin. Two of them are structural genes for proteins L4 and L22 of the large subunit. The third mutation (in eryC gene) seems to affect mainly the small subunit. The mechanism of action of the antibiotic may involve both subunits.
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Bernabeu C, Vázquez D, Ballesta JP. The involvement of protein L16 on ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 79:469-72. [PMID: 336360 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radioactive ribosomes from Escherichia coli were treated with increasing concentrations of NH4Cl in the presence of 50% ethanol. The resulting particles were tested for peptidyl transferase activity as well as for the binding of (U)C-A-C-C-A-Leu-Ac, (U)C-A-C-C-A-Leu, chloramphenicol, lincomycin and erythromycin. At the same time the proteins present in the particles were quantitatively estimated and the amount of each related to the residual activity displayed by the treated ribosomes. It was found that the loss of protein L16 closely paralleled the inactivation of the particles implying an important role for this protein in the structure of the peptidyl transferase center.
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Langlois R, Lee CC, Cantor CR, Vince R, Pestka S. The distance between two functionally significant regions of the 50 S Escherichia coli ribosome: the erythromycin binding site and proteins L7/L12. J Mol Biol 1976; 106:297-313. [PMID: 789892 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Peptidyl transfer RNA dissociates during protein synthesis from ribosomes of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)33450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Saltzman L, Apirion D. Binding of erythromycin to the 50S ribosomal subunit is affected by alterations in the 30S ribosomal subunit. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1976; 143:301-6. [PMID: 765762 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Expression of resistance to erythromycin in Escherichia coli, caused by an altered L4 protein in the 50S ribosomal subunit, can be masked when two additional ribosomal mutations affecting the 30S proteins S5 and S12 are introduced into the strain (Saltzman, Brown, and Apriion, 1974). Ribosomes from such strains bind erythromycin to the same extent as ribosomes from erythromycin sensitive parental strains (Apirion and Saltzman, 1974). Among mutants isolated for the reappearance of erythromycin resistance, kasugamycin resistant mutants were found. One such mutant was analysed and found to be due to undermethylation of the rRNA. The ribosomes of this strain do not bind erythromycin, thus there is a complete correlation between phenotype of cells with respect to erythromycin resistance and binding of erythromycin to ribosomes. Furthermore, by separating the ribosomal subunits we showed that 50S ribosomes bind or do not bind erythromycin according to their L4 protein; 50S with normal L4 bind and 50S with altered L4 do not bind erythromycin. However, the 30S ribosomes with altered S5 and S12 can restore binding in resistant 50S ribosomes while the 30S ribosomes in which the rRNA also became undermethylated did not allow erythromycin binding to occur. Thus, evidence for an intimate functional relationship between 30S and 50S ribosomal elements in the function of the ribosome could be demonstrated. These functional interrelationships concerns four ribosomal components, two proteins from the 30S ribosomal subunit, S5, and S12, one protein from the 50S subunit L4, and 16S rRNA.
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Jimenez A, Vazquez D. Quantitative binding of antibiotics to ribosomes from a yeast mutant altered on the peptidyl-transferase center. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 54:483-92. [PMID: 1100379 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative binding studies of [G-3H]anisomycin and [acetyl-14C]trichodermin to sensitive and resistant 80-S ribosomes from yeasts are described in this work. A single mutation, most probably affecting the ribosome peptidyl transferase centre, appears to have pleiotropic effects on the ribosome leading to resistance to trichodermin and anisomycin and to an increased sensitivity to sparsomycin. Resistance to trichodermin is due to a reduced affinity of ribosomes from the mutant for the antibiotic. Ribosomes from the sensitive strain (Y 1661 bind [acetyl-14C]trichodermin with a dissociation constant of 0.99 muM while those from the resistant one (TR1) bind [acetyl-14C]trichodermin with a dissociation constant of 15.4 muM. Similar results are obtained when the binding of [acetyl-14C]trichodermin to Y 166 and TR1 60-S subunits is studied. The mutant TR1 is also resistant to anisomycin. Although trichodermin and anisomycin bind to the ribosome at mutually exclusive sites, the higher affinity binding of [G-3H]anisomycin that is responsible for the inhibition of the peptidyl transferase center is practically identical for Y 166 and TR1 ribosomes. Therefore, the mutation in the ribosome leading to resistance to trichodermin and anisomycin decreases the affinity for trichodermin but not for anisomycin. Trichodermin, trichothecin and fusarenon X inhibit the binding of [G-3H]anisomycin to TR1 ribosomes to a lower extent than to Y 166 ribosomes, suggesting that the resistance of TR1 ribosomes to the effects of trichothecin and fusarenon X is caused by a decrease in the affinity of the ribosomes for these drugs, as was seen with trichodermin. On the other hand, verrucarin A inhibits [G-3H]anisomycin binding to Y 166 and TR1 ribosomes to a similar extent and therefore its affinity for the ribosome does not appear to be affected by the mutation leading to resistance. Trichothecin, trichodermin and fusarenon X appear to have a common binding site on the 60-S ribosomal subunits, which overlaps or is closely linked to the binding sites of anisomycin and verrucarin A.
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Teraoka H, Tanaka K. Properties of ribosomes from Streptomyces erythreus and Streptomyces griseus. J Bacteriol 1974; 120:316-21. [PMID: 4138441 PMCID: PMC245766 DOI: 10.1128/jb.120.1.316-321.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes from an erythromycin-producing strain, Streptomyces erythreus, lacked affinity for erythromycin and were also resistant to other macrolide antibiotics (leucomycin, spiramycin, and tylosin) and to lincomycin, whereas Streptomyces griseus B(3) ribosomes were susceptible to all of these antibiotics.
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Davidson JN, Hanson MR, Bogorad L. An altered chloroplast ribosomal protein in ery-M1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 132:119-29. [PMID: 4421915 DOI: 10.1007/bf00272177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Apirion D, Saltzman L. Functional interdependence of 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 135:11-8. [PMID: 4280506 DOI: 10.1007/bf00433896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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22
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Ennis HL. Binding of the antibiotic vernamycin in Balpha to Escherichia coli ribosomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 160:394-401. [PMID: 4598617 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Notani NK, Setlow JK. Mechanism of bacterial transformation and transfection. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1974; 14:39-100. [PMID: 4152450 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Osawa S, Takata R, Tanaka K, Tamaki M. Chloramphenicol resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 127:163-73. [PMID: 4203932 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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25
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Tanaka K, Tamaki M, Osawa S, Kimura A, Takata R. Erythromycin resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 127:157-61. [PMID: 4203931 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Wittmann HG, Stöffler G, Apirion D, Rosen L, Tanaka K, Tamaki M, Takata R, Dekio S, Otaka E. Biochemical and genetic studies on two different types of erythromycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli with altered ribosomal proteins. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 127:175-89. [PMID: 4589347 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
A nitrosoguanidine-induced mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 strain JC12 was absolutely dependent on erythromycin or related macrolide antibiotics for growth. The only other drugs which permitted growth (lincomycin and chloramphenicol) are, like the macrolides, inhibitors of the 50S ribosome. The order of relative effectiveness of these drugs was macrolides > lincomycin > chloramphenicol. Rates of growth with all drugs were concentration dependent. Erythromycin starvation was followed by normal rates of increase in cell mass and macromolecular synthesis for approximately one mass-doubling time, after which macromolecular synthesis abruptly ceased and cell lysis and death occurred. The dependent mutant gave rise spontaneously to revertants to independence with very high frequency (10(-4)). The gene (mac) for macrolide dependence is located near minute 25 on the E. coli chromosome; it does not result in increased resistance to these drugs. A separate gene for erythromycin resistance (eryA) is located in the cluster of ribosomal structural genes near spc, close to minute 63. Dependence on macrolides was most clearly evident in strains carrying mutations at both eryA and mac.
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Dahlberg AE, Lund E, Kjeldgaard NO. Some effects of antibiotics on bacterial polyribosomes as studied by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 1973; 78:627-36. [PMID: 4271657 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Grivell LA, Netter P, Borst P, Slonimski PP. Mitochondrial antibiotic resistance in yeast: ribosomal mutants resistant to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and spiramycin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 312:358-67. [PMID: 4579232 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(73)90380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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Imamoto F. Diversity of regulation of genetic transcription. I. Effect of antibiotics which inhibit the process of translation on RNA metabolism in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1973; 74:113-36. [PMID: 4570287 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Cerná J, Rychlík I. The effect of antibiotics on the substrate binding to the acceptor and donor site of ribosomal peptidyltransferase of an erythromycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 287:292-300. [PMID: 4609472 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Mets L, Bogorad L. Altered chlorplast ribosomal proteins associated with erythromycin-resistant mutants in two genetic systems of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:3779-83. [PMID: 4509340 PMCID: PMC389872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.12.3779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotype of several erythromycin-resistant mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi was further characterized in terms of the electrophoretic properties of their chloroplast ribosomal proteins. In mutant ery-M2d a single protein of the large (52 S) subunit has altered properties, which probably result from a change in its primary sequence. This mutation is inherited in a Meudelian manner. In mutant ery-U1a, which is inherited in a uniparental manner, a different single protein of the 52 S subunit is altered. This change might result from a change in either the primary sequence of the protein or in some form of secondary modification. These results indicate that these two distinct genetic systems must cooperate in the production of chloroplast ribosomes.
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Nomura M, Engbaek F. Expression of ribosomal protein genes as analyzed by bacteriophage Mu-induced mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972; 69:1526-30. [PMID: 4556463 PMCID: PMC426741 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The organization of ribosomal protein genes and the gene (fus) for a protein chain elongation factor, EF G, in Escherichia coli were studied with a merodiploid strain that has an episome with genetic markers, ery(r), spc(r), str(r), and fus(r), and a chromosome with markers ery(s), spc(s), str(s), and fus(s). The ery locus determines a 50S ribosomal protein and the spc and str loci determine 30S ribosomal proteins. The phenotype of the diploid strain is sensitive to all of the four antibiotics, erythromycin (Ery), spectinomycin (Spc), streptomycin (Str), and fusidic acid (Fus). Analysis of antibiotic-resistant mutants induced by bacteriophage Mu in the diploid strain indicates that these four genes, and probably many other ribosomal protein genes linked to them, are transcribed as a single unit, and the direction of the transcription is in the order of ery, spc, str, and fus.
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Kaufmann Y, Miskin R, Zamir A. In vivo inactivation of some ribosomal functions in a potassium depleted mutant of E. coli. FEBS Lett 1972; 22:315-318. [PMID: 11946626 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(72)80259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaufmann
- Department of Biochemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Tanaka K, Tamaki M, Takata R, Osawa S. Low affinity for chloramphenicol of erythromycin resistant Escherichia coli ribosomes having an altered protein component. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:1979-83. [PMID: 4553152 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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37
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Tanaka K, Teraoka H, Tamaki M, Takata R, Osawa S. Phenotypes represented by a mutational change in a 50s ribosomal protein component, 50-8, in Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 114:9-13. [PMID: 4552501 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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38
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Tanaka K, Tamaki M, Itoh T, Otaka E, Osawa S. Ribosomes from spiramycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli Q13. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 114:23-30. [PMID: 4552496 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Otaka E, Itoh T, Osawa S, Tanaka K, Tamaki M. Peptide analyses of a protein component, 50-8, of 50s ribosomal subunit from erythromycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli and Escherichia freudii. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 114:14-22. [PMID: 4552494 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Four R factors conferring chloramphenicol (CM) resistance were isolated from Escherichia coli strains of clinical origin. Strains carrying the factors were found to be incapable of inactivating the drug in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A. E. coli W3630 carrying R(70), one of these factors, became sensitive to CM after treatment with glycine, indicating that the spheroplasts of W3630 R(70) (+) were sensitive to the drug and suggesting that the cell membrane is important for CM resistance. The observation that cell-free protein synthesis in W3630 R(70) (+) was inhibited by CM is also compatible with a decrease in permeability. CM resistance in W3630 R(70) (+) appeared to be inducible, because (i) preincubation with subinhibitory concentrations of CM prevented the prolonged lag noted for growth in the presence of 25 mug of CM per ml, and (ii) the preincubation effect was lost after overnight growth in CM-free medium. By contrast, E. coli W3630 cml(+), in which the resistance determinant is integrated into the chromosome, was capable of rapid inactivation of CM. E. coli W3630 cml(+) R(70) (+), which contains the proposed permeability determinant (episomal) as well as levels of the inactivating enzyme (chromosomal) that are comparable with W3630 cml(+), was capable of brief inactivation of CM when inoculated into drug-containing medium. The absence of continued inactivation on more prolonged incubation favors the hypothesis that the R(70) factor inhibited further penetration of CM and that this property possesses the characteristics of induction.
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Abstract
Erythromycin binds specifically to the 52S subunit of the chloroplast ribosome of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. A number of erythromycin-resistant mutants whose ribosomes have lost their affinity for the antibiotic have been isolated, but the sedimentation properties of their ribosomes are indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain. These mutants represent at least three genetic loci. Two of them show Mendelian inheritance, and one of them is inherited in a uniparental manner.
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Teraoka H, Tanaka K. Reaction of puromycin with N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA on ribosomes reassociated from Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 247:304-9. [PMID: 4942462 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Grivell LA, Reijnders L, de Vries H. Altered mitochondrial ribosomes in a cytoplasmic mutant of yeast. FEBS Lett 1971; 16:159-163. [PMID: 11945928 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A. Grivell
- Department of Medical Enzymology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Effects of macrolide antibiotics on the ribosomal peptidyl transferase in cell-free systems derived from Escherichia coli B and erythromycin-resistant muytant of Escherichia coli B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 240:109-21. [PMID: 4940152 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lai CJ, Weisblum B. Altered methylation of ribosomal RNA in an erythromycin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:856-60. [PMID: 5279527 PMCID: PMC389059 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.4.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In certain strains of Staphylococcus aureus, a concentration of erythromycin between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M can induce resistance to concentrations of this drug as high as 10(-4) M. In one such strain studied, S. aureus (1206), N(6)-dimethyladenine is not normally present in 23S rRNA; however, a compound presumptively identified (on the basis of paper chromatography in three different solvents) as N(6)-dimethyladenine appears in the 23S rRNA of growing cells that have been incubated in a medium containing 10(-7) M erythromycin. It has been shown previously that the induction of the erythromycin-resistant phenotype that occurs under these conditions requires 10(-8)-10(-7) M erythromycin for maximal expression within 1 hr and that induction results in modified 50S ribosomal subunits, which are then unable to bind erythromycin or lincomycin. Methylated adenine is also found in the 16S rRNA from the strain of S. aureus studied; however, in contrast to the situation with 23S rRNA, the amount in 16S rRNA is not affected by erythromycin. These findings provide the first example of a correlation between the methylation of rRNA and altered ribosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borst
- Department of Medical Enzymology, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Takata R, Osawa S, Tanaka K, Teraoka H, Tamaki M. Genetic studies of he ribosoml proteis in Escherichaoli. V. Mapp-ing of erythromycin resistance mutations which lea to alteration of a 50s ribosomal protein component. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1970; 109:123-30. [PMID: 4923589 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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