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Structural and In Situ X-ray Diffraction Study of Hydrogenation of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the quasi-binary system CaNi2-MgNi2 solid-solutions CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were prepared from the elements. They crystallize in the hexagonal Laves phase type (MgNi2, C36) for x ≤ 0.33 (P63/mmc, a = 482.51(7) pm, c = 1582.1(3) pm for x = 0, a = 482.59(3), c = 1583.1(1) for x = 0.33) and in the cubic Laves phase type (MgCu2, C15) for 0.33 < x (Fd3¯m, a = 697.12(3) pm for x = 0.5, a = 705.11(2) pm for x = 0.67, a = 724.80(2) pm for x = 1). After hydrogenation in an autoclave the X-ray diffraction patterns changed completely. Reflections assigned to CaNiH3, and Ni and Rietveld refinement confirmed this. The hydrogenation properties of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds were also studied in situ by X-ray powder diffraction. In situ X-ray powder diffraction of CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds under 0.3 MPa hydrogen gas flow (15 sccm), data collected on a Rigaku SmartLab diffractometer in an Anton Paar XRK 900 Reactor Chamber using Cu-Kα1 radiation. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX spectroscopy confirmed the entitled materials and elemental composition, respectively. From the Transmission electron microscopy and Selected area electron diffraction concluded that the CaxMg1−xNi2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) compounds were crystalline.
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Aouaini F, Bouazizi N, Almoneef MM, Al-Ghamdi H, Ben Lamine A. Absorption and desorption of hydrogen in Ti 1.02Cr 1.1Mn 0.3Fe 0.6RE 0.03: experiments, characterization and analytical interpretation using statistical physics treatment. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15905-15920. [PMID: 35481168 PMCID: PMC9030770 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the absorption and desorption isotherms of hydrogen on Ti1.02Cr1.1Mn0.3Fe0.6RE0.03 (RE = La, Ce, Ho) metals were collected at three temperatures under the same experimental conditions. This was carried out in order to determine the rare earth effect on the hydrogen storage performance of the Ti1.02Cr1.1Mn0.3Fe0.6 metal. The equilibrium data showing the hydrogen absorbed/released amounts per unit of absorbent mass have provided useful details to describe the absorption/desorption processes. Indeed, statistical physics formalism is appealing to ascribe advanced interpretations to the complexation mechanism. The physico-chemical parameters included in the model analytical expression are numerically determined from the experimental data fitting. We have found that the model can describe the complexation process through steric parameters such as the site densities (N 1m and N 2m), the numbers of atoms per site (n 1 and n 2) and energetic parameters (P 1 and P 2). The behavior of each parameter is examined in relation to the sorption mechanism. Overall, the energetic interpretation reveals that the desorption and absorption of H-gas in the Ti1.02Cr1.1Mn0.3Fe0.6RE0.03 alloys can be characterized by chemical interactions. In addition, the expression of the appropriate model is exploited to determine the thermodynamic potential functions that describe the absorption phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Aouaini
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia +966 508675781
| | - Nadia Bouazizi
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, LR18ES18, Monastir University, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir Tunisia
| | - Maha M Almoneef
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia +966 508675781
| | - Hanan Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia +966 508675781
| | - Abdelmottaleb Ben Lamine
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, LR18ES18, Monastir University, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir Tunisia
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Jones C, Tuli V, Shah Z, Gass M, Burr PA, Preuss M, Moore KL. Evidence of hydrogen trapping at second phase particles in zirconium alloys. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4370. [PMID: 33623066 PMCID: PMC7902629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83859-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zirconium alloys are used in safety-critical roles in the nuclear industry and their degradation due to ingress of hydrogen in service is a concern. In this work experimental evidence, supported by density functional theory modelling, shows that the α-Zr matrix surrounding second phase particles acts as a trapping site for hydrogen, which has not been previously reported in zirconium. This is unaccounted for in current models of hydrogen behaviour in Zr alloys and as such could impact development of these models. Zircaloy-2 and Zircaloy-4 samples were corroded at 350 °C in simulated pressurised water reactor coolant before being isotopically spiked with 2H2O in a second autoclave step. The distribution of 2H, Fe and Cr was characterised using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and high-resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. 2H- was found to be concentrated around second phase particles in the α-Zr lattice with peak hydrogen isotope ratios of 2H/1H = 0.018-0.082. DFT modelling confirms that the hydrogen thermodynamically favours sitting in the surrounding zirconium matrix rather than within the second phase particles. Knowledge of this trapping mechanism will inform the development of current understanding of zirconium alloy degradation through-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Vidur Tuli
- School Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Zaheen Shah
- Westinghouse Electric Sweden AB, 721 63, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mhairi Gass
- Jacobs, Walton House, Warrington, WA3 6GA, UK
| | - Patrick A Burr
- School Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Preuss
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Katie L Moore
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Kohlmann H. The crystal structure of ZrCr2D≈4 at 50 K ≤ T ≤ 200 K. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many Laves phases take up considerable amounts of hydrogen to form metallic Laves phase hydrides. They frequently undergo phase transitions driven by ordering phenomena for the hydrogen atom distribution. The cubic Laves phase ZrCr2 takes up hydrogen to form a hydride with almost four hydrogen atoms per formula unit, which undergoes a phase transition to a monoclinic modification at a critical temperature T
c = 250.2 K. Its crystal structure was refined based on neutron powder diffraction data on the deuteride (ZrCr2D3.8 type [T = 1.6 K, C2/c]) at four temperatures in the range 50 K ≤ T ≤ 200 K. The monoclinic low-temperature modification features a strongly distorted square anti-prism ZrD8 and three CrD4 polyhedra with almost fully occupied deuterium sites in saddle-like, distorted tetrahedral and planar configurations. Zr–D distances are in the range 201.4(7) pm ≤ d(Zr–D) ≤ 208.5(8) pm and Cr–D distances in the range 172.9(7) pm ≤ d(Cr–D) ≤ 182.4(8) pm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kohlmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29 , 04103 Leipzig , Germany
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Abstract
Abstract
Many Laves phases AM
2 takes up hydrogen to form interstitial hydrides in which hydrogen atoms partially occupy A
2
M
2, AM
3, and/or M
4 tetrahedral interstices. They often exhibit temperature-driven order-disorder phase transitions, which are triggered by repulsion of hydrogen atoms occupying neighboring tetrahedral interstices. Because of the phase widths with respect to hydrogen a complete ordering, i.e., full occupation of all hydrogen positions is usually not achieved. Order-disorder transitions in Laves phase hydrides are thus phase transitions between crystal structures with different degrees of hydrogen order. Comparing the crystal structures of ordered and disordered phases reveals close symmetry relationships in all known cases. This allows new insights into the crystal chemical description of such phases and into the nature of the phase transitions. Structural relationships for over 40 hydrides of cubic and hexagonal Laves phases ZrV2, HfV2, ZrCr2, ZrCo2, LaMg2, CeMg2, PrMg2, NdMg2, SmMg2, YMn2, ErMn2, TmMn2, LuMn2, Lu0.4Y0.6Mn2 YFe2, and ErFe2 are concisely described in terms of crystallographic group-subgroup schemes (Bärnighausen trees) covering 32 different crystal structure types, 26 of which represent hydrogen-ordered crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Kohlmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29, 04103 , Leipzig , Germany
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Werwein A, Maaß F, Dorsch LY, Janka O, Pöttgen R, Hansen TC, Kimpton J, Kohlmann H. Hydrogenation Properties of Laves Phases LnMg 2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb). Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15006-15014. [PMID: 29166003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenation properties of Laves phases LnMg2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) were investigated by thermal analysis, X-ray, synchrotron, and neutron powder diffraction. At 14.0 MPa hydrogen gas pressure and 393 K, PrMg2 and NdMg2 take up hydrogen and form the colorless, ternary hydrides PrMg2H7 (P41212, a = 632.386(6) pm, c = 945.722(11) pm) and NdMg2H7 (P41212, a = 630.354(9) pm, c = 943.018(16) pm). The crystal structures were refined by the Rietveld method from neutron powder diffraction data on the deuterides (PrMg2D7, P41212, a = 630.56(2) pm, c = 943.27(3) pm; NdMg2D7, P41212, a = 628.15(2) pm, c = 940.32(3) pm) and shown to be isotypic to LaMg2D7. The LaMg2D7 type of hydrides decompose at 695 K (La), 684 K (Ce), 684 K (Pr), 672 K (Nd), and 639 K (Sm) to lanthanide hydrides and magnesium. The Laves phase EuMg2 forms a hydride EuMg2Hx of black color. Its crystal structure (P212121, a = 664.887(4) pm, b = 1136.993(7) pm, c = 1069.887(7) pm) is closely related to the hexagonal Laves phase (MgZn2 type) of the hydrogen-free parent intermetallic. GdMg2 and TbMg2 form hydrides GdMg2Hx with orthorhombic unit cells (a = 1282.7(4) pm, b = 572.5(2) pm, c = 881.7(2) pm) and TbMg2Hx (a = 617.8(3) pm, b = 1045.8(8) pm, c = 997.1(5) pm), presumably also with a distorted MgZn2 type of structure. CeMg2H7 and NdMg2H7 are paramagnetic with effective magnetic moments of 2.49(1) μB and 3.62(1) μB, respectively, in good agreement with the calculated magnetic moments of the free trivalent rare-earth cations (μcalc(Ce3+) = 2.54 μB; μcalc(Nd3+) = 3.62 μB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Werwein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Maaß
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leonhard Y Dorsch
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver Janka
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Münster , Corrensstrasse 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas C Hansen
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Justin Kimpton
- Australian Synchrotron , 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holger Kohlmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Effects of Boron-Incorporation in a V-Containing Zr-Based AB2 Metal Hydride Alloy. BATTERIES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries3040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comparison of C14- and C15-Predomiated AB2 Metal Hydride Alloys for Electrochemical Applications. BATTERIES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bekris N, Sirch M. On the Mechanism of the Disproportionation of ZrCo Hydrides. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst12-a14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bekris
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, ITEP-Tritium Laboratory, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Sirch
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, ITEP-Tritium Laboratory, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Triantafillidis G, Pontonnier L, Fruchart D, Soubeyroux JL, Fruchart R, Rouault A. Structural Investigations in (Zr — Ti) — (Mn — Fe) Alloys Having Large Hydrogen Storage Performances*. Z PHYS CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.1989.163.part_1.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Däumer W, Khan HR, Lüders K. Electronic structure investigated by NMR and superconductivity of cubic Laves-phase hydrides: V2HfHx (0 <= x <= 4.5) and V2Hf0.5Zr0.5Hx (0 <= x <= 4.8). PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1988; 38:4427-4436. [PMID: 9946828 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fruchart D, Berthier Y, de Saxce T, Vulliet P. Etudes structurales et magnetiques des formes cubiques et rhomboedriques LnFe2Hx, Ln = Er, Tb. J SOLID STATE CHEM 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-4596(87)90355-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fruchart D, Soubeyroux J, Hempelmann R. Neutron diffraction in Ti1.2Mn1.8 deuteride: Structural and magnetic aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(84)90229-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hydrides of intermetallic compounds: A review of stabilities, stoichiometries and preferred hydrogen sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(83)90091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Site occupancies and stoichiometries in hydrides of intermetallic compounds: Geometric considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(83)90075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hydrogen storage characteristics of Zr(B xB 1-x ′ 2,B = Fe, Co,B ′ = Cr, Mn, andx = 0.4, 0.5, 0.6. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02833443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stern A, Resnik A, Shaltiel D. Thermal desorption spectra of hydrogen in HfV2Hx and ZrV2Hx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(82)90252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Andresen A. Structure and phase relations in metal hydrides studied by neutron diffraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(82)90003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Johnson J, Reilly J, Reidinger F, Corliss L, Hastings J. On the existence of f.c.c. TiCr1.8H5.3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(82)90020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Magee CB, Liu J, Lundin CE. Relationships between intermetallic compound structure and hydride formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(81)90120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pourarian F, Wallace W, Elattar A, Lakner JF. DyFe2-H2 system: Magnetism and pressure-composition isotherms to 1400 atm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(80)90086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Didisheim JJ, Yvon K, Fischer P, Shaltiel D. The deuterium site occupation in ZrV2Dx as a function of the deuterium concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(80)90329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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