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Jones C. Impact of imperfect data on protein secondary structure estimates from Far-UV circular dichroism spectra. Anal Biochem 2024; 688:115483. [PMID: 38360171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Circular dichroism [CD] is widely used to rapidly assess protein structure. Deconvolution of the far-UV CD spectrum is widely used to quantify the secondary structural elements [SSEs]. Multiple algorithms are available for this. Imperfections in the experimental CD spectra arising from spectral noise, instrument miscalibration, spectral offsets and non-linearity will impact on the accuracy and precision of derived secondary structure estimates. Analytical validation for use in regulated environments, such as biopharmaceuticals, requires that the impact of imperfect data on these estimates be understood. Limited information on the impact of poor data were available. A series of noise-free simulated spectral datasets with modified intensity, wavelength, noise and intensity linearity and offsets were created from entries in the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank. These datasets were analysed using the BeStSel, on-line resource to estimate secondary structure. Data imperfections caused significant change in SSEs, but the spectral range is also important. This study emphasises the importance of analytical method validation and justifiable estimates of uncertainty when reporting results. The datasets created are made available as a resource to validate other secondary structure estimation programs.
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Udoh K, Wessel C, Branch R, Mahler J, Holland J, Coleman B, Alluri S, Jordan S, Ahmed A, Polzin B, Dye C, Smith K, Brown A, Gully Z, Sawning S, Ziegler C, Ruther M, Jones C, Miller K. Evaluating the Feasibility of a Novel Firearm Injury Prevention Program for Pre-adolescent Children Through Health Care and Community-Based Partnerships: The Future Healers Program Pilot Study. Am Surg 2024; 90:1050-1058. [PMID: 38093402 DOI: 10.1177/00031348231220595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firearm violence is an American public health crisis that negatively impacts children and disproportionately affects Black youth. Few firearm injury prevention programs have been described in pre-adolescent children. The Future Healers Program is a novel collaboration constructed via partnership between the medical school, trauma center, academic surgery department, and local non-profit community organization. Our study sought to evaluate if (1) partnering with community organizations facilitated recruitment of children with prior exposure to firearm violence and (2) the health care community was a potential trusted partner appropriate for program delivery. METHODS Children aged 4-13 were recruited to join the program via news outlets and social media and in partnership with a local non-profit organization. Of the children and parents participating in the program, 48% (44/92) and 59% (38/64), respectively, completed an IRB-approved survey study. Pearson's chi-square, percentages, and 95% confidence intervals evaluated differences between children and caregivers on sociodemographic characteristics, firearm exposure (FE), firearm violence exposure (FVE), and perception of health care. Participant's residence was geocoded in relationship to incidents of firearm injury (2008-2021) in the same region. RESULTS Caregivers (95%) and children (84%) reported substantial exposure to firearm violence and resided in areas with frequent firearm injury incidents. Notably, 82% of caregivers and 66% of children reported having a family member injured by gunfire. A high percentage of caregivers (79%) and children (91%) self-reported trust in the health care system. CONCLUSION Partnerships between community organizations and health care systems can develop prevention programs that effectively recruit and engage pre-adolescent children impacted by firearm violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Udoh
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Caitlin Wessel
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Rheyana Branch
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jessica Mahler
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph Holland
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Briana Coleman
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Satya Alluri
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Symone Jordan
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Anam Ahmed
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Baylee Polzin
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Crystal Dye
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kiara Smith
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alyssa Brown
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zahara Gully
- Jefferson Community and Technical College, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Susan Sawning
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Craig Ziegler
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew Ruther
- University of Louisville School of Urban and Public Affairs, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Keith Miller
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgery Critical Care, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Chang C, Jones C, Berner JE, Ragbir M, Ahmed OA. Beyond Borders: A Global Microsurgery Training and Case Exposure Survey. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024; 40:284-293. [PMID: 37643823 DOI: 10.1055/a-2161-8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsurgery is essential in modern reconstructive surgery and plastic surgery training. Surgeon's proficiency and experience are crucial for effective microsurgical interventions. Despite anecdotal evidence of varying quality of microsurgery training globally, no empirical studies have investigated this. We conducted a global survey to investigate microsurgical training and clinical case exposure among plastic surgery trainees worldwide. METHODS An online survey was conducted using a secure platform to gather information on microsurgical case exposure and training among plastic surgery trainees between August 2020 and April 2021. Participants provided consent and completed a 37-question survey across four themes: clinical caseload, surgical exposure to microsurgery, microsurgical simulation training exposure, and barriers and opportunities. RESULTS A total of 202 responses were received, with most respondents in formal training programs (86.7%). The data highlighted regional variation in microsurgery case indications and flap types, with North America and Europe exhibiting the highest activity levels in microsurgery. Trainees in Asia have the highest cumulative practical exposure in microsurgery, followed by Australia and Oceania, and North America. Only 39.6% of respondents reported formal microsurgical simulation training, and almost one-third (29.7%) received no simulation training. Trainee access to practical experience is limited by several factors, including insufficient time and procedure complexity. Notably, practical experience was most commonly denied without reason being given. CONCLUSION Our study highlights significant disparities in microsurgical training and exposure among plastic surgery trainees globally. Further research is needed to identify strategies for addressing these issues, given the growing demand for complex reconstructive microsurgery and its impact on health care inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Enrique Berner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maniram Ragbir
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Omar A Ahmed
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Ferrari L, Ruggiero A, Stefani C, Benedetti L, Piermatteo L, Andreassi E, Caldara F, Zace D, Pagliari M, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Jones C, Iannetta M, Geretti AM. Utility of accessible SARS-CoV-2 specific immunoassays in vaccinated adults with a history of advanced HIV infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8337. [PMID: 38594459 PMCID: PMC11003986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Accessible SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoassays may inform clinical management in people with HIV, particularly in case of persisting immunodysfunction. We prospectively studied their application in vaccine recipients with HIV, purposely including participants with a history of advanced HIV infection. Participants received one (n = 250), two (n = 249) or three (n = 42) doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Adverse events were documented through questionnaires. Sample collection occurred pre-vaccination and a median of 4 weeks post-second dose and 14 weeks post-third dose. Anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were measured with the Roche Elecsys chemiluminescence immunoassays. Neutralising activity was evaluated using the GenScript cPass surrogate virus neutralisation test, following validation against a Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test. T-cell reactivity was assessed with the Roche SARS-CoV-2 IFNγ release assay. Primary vaccination (2 doses) was well tolerated and elicited measurable anti-spike antibodies in 202/206 (98.0%) participants. Anti-spike titres varied widely, influenced by previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure, ethnicity, intravenous drug use, CD4 counts and HIV viremia as independent predictors. A third vaccine dose significantly boosted anti-spike and neutralising responses, reducing variability. Anti-spike titres > 15 U/mL correlated with neutralising activity in 136/144 paired samples (94.4%). Three participants with detectable anti-S antibodies did not develop cPass neutralising responses post-third dose, yet displayed SARS-CoV-2 specific IFNγ responses. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is well-tolerated and immunogenic in adults with HIV, with responses improving post-third dose. Anti-spike antibodies serve as a reliable indicator of neutralising activity. Discordances between anti-spike and neutralising responses were accompanied by detectable IFN-γ responses, underlining the complexity of the immune response in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Ferrari
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Stefani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Livia Benedetti
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Andreassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caldara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Drieda Zace
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Pagliari
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Models, Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Marco Iannetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fondazione PTV, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Infection, North Middlesex University Hospital, London, UK.
- School of Immunity & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Kuhnl A, Roddie C, Kirkwood AA, Chaganti S, Norman J, Lugthart S, Osborne W, Gibb A, Gonzalez Arias C, Latif A, Uttenthal B, Seymour F, Jones C, Springell D, Brady JL, Illidge T, Stevens A, Alexander E, Hawley L, O'Rourke N, Bedi C, Prestwich R, Frew J, Burns D, O'Reilly M, Sanderson R, Sivabalasingham S, Mikhaeel NG. Outcome and feasibility of radiotherapy bridging in large B-cell lymphoma patients receiving CD19 CAR T in the UK. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 38594876 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has potential synergistic effects with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T but is not widely used as bridging therapy due to logistical challenges and lack of standardised protocols. We analysed RT bridging in a multicentre national cohort of large B-cell lymphoma patients approved for 3L axicabtagene ciloleucel or tisagenlecleucel across 12 UK centres. Of 763 approved patients, 722 were leukapheresed, 717 had data available on bridging therapy. 169/717 (24%) received RT bridging, 129 as single modality and 40 as combined modality treatment (CMT). Of 169 patients, 65.7% had advanced stage, 36.9% bulky disease, 86.5% elevated LDH, 41.7% international prognostic index (IPI) ≥3 and 15.2% double/triple hit at the time of approval. Use of RT bridging varied from 11% to 32% between centres and increased over time. Vein-to-vein time and infusion rate did not differ between bridging modalities. RT-bridged patients had favourable outcomes with 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) of 56% for single modality and 47% for CMT (1-year PFS 43% for systemic bridging). This is the largest cohort of LBCL patients receiving RT bridging prior to CAR T reported to date. Our results show that RT bridging can be safely and effectively used even in advanced stage and high-risk disease, with low dropout rates and excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuhnl
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Roddie
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - A A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - S Chaganti
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Norman
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - S Lugthart
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - W Osborne
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Gibb
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | | | - A Latif
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - B Uttenthal
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - C Jones
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - D Springell
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J L Brady
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Illidge
- Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester Christie NHS Trust, Manchester NIHR BRC, Manchester, UK
| | - A Stevens
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - L Hawley
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - N O'Rourke
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Bedi
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - J Frew
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Burns
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - M O'Reilly
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R Sanderson
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - N G Mikhaeel
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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6
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Pohl N, Brush P, Aita D, Kistler J, Jones C, Tosti R, Fletcher D. A Novel Classification of Intraoperative Ulnar Nerve Instability to Aid Transposition Surgery. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2024:S1058-2746(24)00232-5. [PMID: 38599453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to compare inter-and intraobserver agreement of a novel intraoperative subluxation classification for patients undergoing ulnar nerve surgery at the elbow. We hypothesize there will be strong inter- and intraobserver agreement of the four-category classification system and reviewers will have substantial confidence while reviewing the classification system. METHODS Four blinded fellowship-trained orthopedic hand surgeons reviewed 25 videos in total on two separate viewings, 21 days apart. Variables collected were ulnar subluxation classification (A, B, C or D) and a confidence metric. Subsequent to primary data collection, classification grading was stratified into A/B or C/D subgroups for further analysis. Cohen's kappa scores were used to evaluate all variables collected in this study. The interpretation of kappa scores included ≤0.0 as no agreement, 0.01-0.20 as none to slight, 0.21-0.40 as fair, 0.41-0.60 as moderate, 0.61-0.80 as substantial, and 0.81-1.0 as almost perfect agreement. RESULTS Interobserver agreement of subluxation classification as a four-category scale demonstrated a moderate agreement on first viewing, second viewing, and when both viewings were combined (kappa=0.51, 0.51, and 0.51 respectively). Seventy-five percent (3 out of 4) of reviewers had moderate intraobserver agreement for ulnar nerve subluxation classification while one reviewer had substantial intraobserver classification (kappa= 0.72). Overall, there was high confidence in 65% of classification scores in the second round of viewing, which improved from 58% in the first viewing round. When ulnar subluxation classification selections were regrouped into classes A/B or C/D, 100% of reviewers had substantial interobserver (kappa=0.74 - 0.75) and substantial to almost perfect intraobserver (kappa=0.71 to 0.91) agreement. CONCLUSIONS The four-category classification was reproducible within and between reviewers. Agreement appeared to increase when simplifying the classification to two categories, which may provide guidance to surgical decision making. The validation of a reproducible classification scheme for intraoperative ulnar subluxation may aid with decision making and further postoperative outcomes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pohl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Parker Brush
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daren Aita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Justin Kistler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rick Tosti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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7
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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8
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Kwan SA, Moncman TG, Sodha S, Jones C, Matzon JL, Rivlin M. Screw Position Following Percutaneous Versus Mini-Open Intramedullary Retrograde Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures. Hand (N Y) 2024:15589447241241765. [PMID: 38567532 DOI: 10.1177/15589447241241765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metacarpal fracture fixation using the retrograde intramedullary screw technique can be performed through two different approaches. The mini-open approach requires greater soft tissue dissection but allows for direct visualization of the metacarpal head compared with the percutaneous approach. Our aim was to determine which approach resulted in optimal screw position. METHODS Eighty-one consecutive patients that underwent intramedullary screw fixation for metacarpal fractures from 2016 to 2021 were identified. Patients were treated by 4 fellowship-trained orthopedic hand surgeons who employed the mini-open or percutaneous approach. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed for screw position. RESULTS A total of 81 patients (41 mini-open, 40 percutaneous) were included in this study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, hand dominance, or affected digit. Postoperative screw position at first postoperative visit was not significantly different between the two groups on anteroposterior or lateral radiographs. CONCLUSION Postoperative screw position is not significantly different between the mini-open and percutaneous approaches for intramedullary screw fixation of metacarpal fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Kwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jefferson Health, Stratford, NJ, USA
| | - Tara Gaston Moncman
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samir Sodha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonas L Matzon
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Rivlin
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Dunn A, Alvarez J, Arbon A, Bremner S, Elsby-Pearson C, Emsley R, Jones C, Lawrence P, Lester KJ, Morson N, Perry N, Simner J, Thomson A, Cartwright-Hatton S. Investigating the effect of providing monetary incentives to participants on completion rates of referred co-respondents: An embedded randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 38:101267. [PMID: 38419810 PMCID: PMC10899055 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of a second informant (co-respondent) is a common method of identifying potential bias in outcome data (e.g., parent-report child outcomes). There is, however, limited evidence regarding methods of increasing response rates from co-respondents. The use of financial incentives is associated with higher levels of engagement and follow-up data collection in online surveys. This study investigated whether financial incentives paid to index participants in an online trial of a parenting-focused intervention, would lead to higher levels of co-respondent data collection. Methods A study within a trial (SWAT) using a parallel group RCT design. Participants in the host study (an RCT of an online intervention) were randomised into one of two SWAT arms: received/did not receive a £15 voucher when referred co-respondent completed baseline measures. Primary outcome was completion (No/Yes) of Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS or SCAS-Pre) at baseline. Additional analysis explored impact of incentives on data quality. Results Intention to treat analysis of 899 parents (183 co-respondents) in the no-incentive arm, and 911 parents (199 co-respondents) in incentive arm. Nomination of co-respondents was similar between incentive arms. The RR for the incentive arm compared to the no incentive arm was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.41, p = 0.264) indicating that incentives did not impact completion of outcomes by consented co-respondents. There were no indications of different data quality between arms. Discussion The finding that payment of financial incentives to index participant does not lead to greater levels of co-respondent outcome completion suggests that careful consideration should be made before allocating resources in this way in future trials. Trial registration The host study was registered at Study Record | ClinicalTrials.gov and the SWAT study was registered in the SWAT Store | The Northern Ireland Network for Trials Methodology Research (qub.ac.uk): SWAT number 143: Filetoupload,1099612,en.pdf (qub.ac.uk).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Dunn
- University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amy Arbon
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bremner
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicky Perry
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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10
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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11
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Sendi M, Fu Z, Harnett N, van Rooij S, Vergara V, Pizzagalli D, Daskalakis N, House S, Beaudoin F, An X, Neylan T, Clifford G, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt S, Germine L, Bollen K, Rauch S, Haran J, Storrow A, Lewandowski C, Musey P, Hendry P, Sheikh S, Jones C, Punches B, Swor R, Gentile N, Murty V, Hudak L, Pascual J, Seamon M, Harris E, Chang A, Pearson C, Peak D, Merchant R, Domeier R, Rathlev N, O'Neil B, Sergot P, Sanchez L, Bruce S, Sheridan J, Harte S, Kessler R, Koenen K, McLean S, Stevens J, Calhoun V, Ressler K. Brain dynamics reflecting an intra-network brain state is associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4004473. [PMID: 38496567 PMCID: PMC10942549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4004473/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants' dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, pcorrected= 0.021) and future (r=-0.166, pcorrected= 0.029) PTS symptom severity. Also, dynamics of an intra-network brain state correlated with future symptom intensity (r = 0.192, pcorrected = 0.021). We additionally observed that the association between the network dynamics of the inter-network brain state with symptom severity is more pronounced in females (r=-0.244, pcorrected = 0.014). Our findings highlight a potential link between brain network dynamics in the aftermath of trauma with current and future PTSD outcomes, with a stronger protective effect of inter-network brain states against symptom severity in females, underscoring the importance of sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zening Fu
- d Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Beaudoin
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital
| | - Xinming An
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas Neylan
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System; University of California San Francisco
| | - Gari Clifford
- Emory University School of Medicine; Georgia Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Haran
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Punches
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & University of Cincinnati College of Nursing
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Pascual
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vince Calhoun
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University and Georgia State University
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12
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Schüz B, Jones C. [Mis- and disinformation in social media: mitigating risks in digital health communication]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:300-307. [PMID: 38332143 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-024-03836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Misinformation and disinformation in social media have become a challenge for effective public health measures. Here, we examine factors that influence believing and sharing false information, both misinformation and disinformation, at individual, social, and contextual levels and discuss intervention possibilities.At the individual level, knowledge deficits, lack of skills, and emotional motivation have been associated with believing in false information. Lower health literacy, a conspiracy mindset and certain beliefs increase susceptibility to false information. At the social level, the credibility of information sources and social norms influence the sharing of false information. At the contextual level, emotions and the repetition of messages affect belief in and sharing of false information.Interventions at the individual level involve measures to improve knowledge and skills. At the social level, addressing social processes and social norms can reduce the sharing of false information. At the contextual level, regulatory approaches involving social networks is considered an important point of intervention.Social inequalities play an important role in the exposure to and processing of misinformation. It remains unclear to which degree the susceptibility to belief in and share misinformation is an individual characteristic and/or context dependent. Complex interventions are required that should take into account multiple influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schüz
- Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland.
- Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Digital Public Health, Bremen, Deutschland.
| | - Christopher Jones
- Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland
- Leibniz-WissenschaftsCampus Digital Public Health, Bremen, Deutschland
- Zentrum für Präventivmedizin und Digitale Gesundheit (CPD), Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
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13
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Lee L, Yi T, Fice M, Achar RK, Jones C, Klein E, Buac N, Lopez-Hisijos N, Colman MW, Gitelis S, Blank AT. Development and external validation of a machine learning model for prediction of survival in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. Musculoskelet Surg 2024; 108:77-86. [PMID: 37658174 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-023-00795-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict cancer survival have recently been reported for a number of sarcoma subtypes, but none have investigated undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). ML is a powerful tool that has the potential to better prognosticate UPS. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried for cases of histologically confirmed undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) (n = 665). Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were recorded, and ML models were developed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival. The best performing ML model was externally validated using an institutional cohort of UPS patients (n = 151). RESULTS All ML models performed best at the 1-year time point and worst at the 5-year time point. On internal validation within the SEER cohort, the best models had c-statistics of 0.67-0.69 at the 5-year time point. The Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) model was the best performing model and used for external validation. Similarly, the MLP model performed best at 1-year and worst at 5-year on external validation with c-statistics of 0.85 and 0.81, respectively. The MLP model was well calibrated on external validation. The MLP model has been made publicly available at https://rachar.shinyapps.io/ups_app/ . CONCLUSION Machine learning models perform well for survival prediction in UPS, though this sarcoma subtype may be more difficult to prognosticate than other subtypes. Future studies are needed to further validate the machine learning approach for UPS prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - T Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Fice
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R K Achar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Jones
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E Klein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Buac
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N Lopez-Hisijos
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M W Colman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Gitelis
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A T Blank
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Section of Orthopedic Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St., Suite 300, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jones C, Jakubowski BE, Stevens R, Roberts N, McManus RJ, Tucker KL. The diagnostic Accuracy of Visual versus automated dipstick proteinuria testing in Pregnancy: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Pregnancy Hypertens 2024; 35:73-81. [PMID: 38262144 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2024.01.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care (POC) tests for detecting proteinuria in pregnant women. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to 13 November 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND DATA ANALYSIS Included studies measured the sensitivity and specificity ofPOC proteinuria testing compared to laboratory reference standards (protein-creatinine ratio (PCR), 24-hour urine collection). Bivariate meta-analyses determined pooled sensitivity and specificity. Random-effects inverse-variance model determinedheterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was overall sensitivity and specificity, stratified by method of POC testing and reference standard. Secondary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity within thesubgroupstest brand, reference standard, and hypertension status. RESULTS 1078 studies were identified, 17 studies comprising 23 comparisons were included. The meta-analysis included 13 studies with 19 comparisons. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of visual dipsticks against PCR was 72 % (95 % CI: 56 % to 84 %) and 92 % (95 % CI: 76 % to 98 %), respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of visual dipsticks against 24-hour collection was 69 % (55 % to 80 %) and 70 % (51 % to 84 %), respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for automated readers against PCR was 73 % (53 % to 86 %) and 91 % (83 % to 95 %), respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of automated readers against 24-hour collection was 65 % (42 % to 83 %) and 82 % (46 % to 96 %), respectively. CONCLUSION Visual dipsticks have comparable accuracy to automated readers, yet are notadequate as a rule-out test for proteinuria. Proteinuria POC testing maybe beneficial inantenatal care when repeatfollow-up tests are performed. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021231914.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jones
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - B E Jakubowski
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Kings College London, UK
| | - R Stevens
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - N Roberts
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Kings College London, UK
| | - R J McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - K L Tucker
- Nuffield Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
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ElSherief M, Sumner S, Krishnasamy V, Jones C, Law R, Kacha-Ochana A, Schieber L, De Choudhury M. Identification of Myths and Misinformation About Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder on Social Media: Infodemiology Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e44726. [PMID: 38393772 PMCID: PMC10924265 DOI: 10.2196/44726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health misinformation and myths about treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) are present on social media and contribute to challenges in preventing drug overdose deaths. However, no systematic, quantitative methodology exists to identify what types of misinformation are being shared and discussed. OBJECTIVE We developed a multistage analytic pipeline to assess social media posts from Twitter (subsequently rebranded as X), YouTube, Reddit, and Drugs-Forum for the presence of health misinformation about treatment for OUD. METHODS Our approach first used document embeddings to identify potential new statements of misinformation from known myths. These statements were grouped into themes using hierarchical agglomerative clustering, and public health experts then reviewed the results for misinformation. RESULTS We collected a total of 19,953,599 posts discussing opioid-related content across the aforementioned platforms. Our multistage analytic pipeline identified 7 main clusters or discussion themes. Among a high-yield data set of posts (n=303) for further public health expert review, these included discussion about potential treatments for OUD (90/303, 29.8%), the nature of addiction (68/303, 22.5%), pharmacologic properties of substances (52/303, 16.9%), injection drug use (36/303, 11.9%), pain and opioids (28/303, 9.3%), physical dependence of medications (22/303, 7.2%), and tramadol use (7/303, 2.3%). A public health expert review of the content within each cluster identified the presence of misinformation and myths beyond those used as seed myths to initialize the algorithm. CONCLUSIONS Identifying and addressing misinformation through appropriate communication strategies could be an increasingly important component of preventing overdose deaths. To further this goal, we developed and tested an approach to aid in the identification of myths and misinformation about OUD from large-scale social media content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai ElSherief
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven Sumner
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Christopher Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Royal Law
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Lyna Schieber
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Boyle S, Roddie C, O'Reilly M, Menne T, Norman J, Gibb A, Lugthart S, Chaganti S, Gonzalez Arias C, Jones C, Latif A, Uttenthal BJ, Seymour F, Osborne W, Springell D, Hardefeldt P, Yallop D, Thoulouli E, Bloor A, Besley C, Mathew A, Burns D, Cwynarski K, Sanderson R, Kuhnl A. Improved outcomes of large B-cell lymphoma patients treated with CD19 CAR T in the UK over time. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:507-513. [PMID: 37848384 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The success of CD19 Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) has been partially offset by toxicity and logistical challenges, which off-the-shelf agents like CD20xCD3 bispecific antibodies might potentially overcome. However, when using CAR T outcomes as the 'standard-of-care comparator̕ for relapsed/refractory (r/r) LBCL, a potential learning curve with implementing a novel, complex therapy like CAR T needs to be considered. To address this, we analysed 726 UK patients intended to be treated with CD19 CAR T for r/r LBCL and compared outcomes between the first year of the national CAR T programme (Era 1; 2019) and the more recent treatment era (Era 2; 2020-2022). We identified significant improvements for Era 2 versus Era 1 in dropout rate (17% vs. 27%, p = 0.001), progression-free survival (1-year PFS 50% vs. 32%, p < 0.001) and overall survival (1-year OS 60% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). We also observed increased use of bridging therapy, improvement in bridging outcomes, more tocilizumab/corticosteroid use, reduced high-grade cytokine release syndrome (4% vs. 9%, p = 0.01) and intensive care unit admissions (20% vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Our results demonstrate significant improvement in CAR T outcomes over time, highlighting the importance of using up-to-date clinical data when comparing CAR T against new treatment options for r/r LBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boyle
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Roddie
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - M O'Reilly
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Menne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Norman
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - A Gibb
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - S Lugthart
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - S Chaganti
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - C Jones
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Latif
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - B J Uttenthal
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Seymour
- Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - W Osborne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Springell
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - P Hardefeldt
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Yallop
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Thoulouli
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - A Bloor
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - C Besley
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - A Mathew
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Burns
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Cwynarski
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R Sanderson
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Kuhnl
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Jones C, Lekuse K, Duncan O, Lam WL. The effect of congenital hand differences on handedness in children. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2024; 49:270-271. [PMID: 37747723 DOI: 10.1177/17531934231201933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether handedness is influenced by the presence of a congenital hand difference (CHD). Among 31 children with right-sided CHDs, 13 were left-handed and 18 were right-handed, regardless of severity. This was significantly different from the normal population, suggesting that CHD does influence handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jones
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Orla Duncan
- Paediatric Psychology and Liaison Service, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wee Leon Lam
- Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, dinburgh, UK
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Behzadi AH, Haghani L, D'Souza DL, Flanagan S, Jones C. Practical Considerations When Choosing Chemoembolization versus Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Semin Intervent Radiol 2024; 41:48-55. [PMID: 38495267 PMCID: PMC10940042 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are common liver-directed therapies (LDTs) for unresectable HCC. While both deliver intra-arterial treatment directly to the site of the tumor, they differ in mechanisms of action and side effects. Several studies have compared their side effect profile, time to progression, and overall survival data, but often these lack practical considerations when choosing which treatment modality to use. Many factors can impact operator's choice for treatment, and the choice depends on treatment availability, cost, insurance coverage, operator's comfort level, patient-specific factors, tumor location, tumor biology, and disease stage. This review discusses survival data, time to progression data, as well as more practical patient and tumor characteristics for personalized LDT with TACE or TARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Heshmatzadeh Behzadi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Leila Haghani
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering, New York City, New York
| | - Donna L. D'Souza
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Siobhan Flanagan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christopher Jones
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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19
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Chang C, Jones C, Pafitanis G, Berner JE. Here's My QR, So Call Me Maybe: Facilitating Communication in Free Flap Monitoring Using QR Code Printed Dressing. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024; 40:e1-e2. [PMID: 37040874 DOI: 10.1055/a-2071-3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chad Chang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Pafitanis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Emergency Care and Trauma Division (ECAT), The Royal London Hospital. Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Enrique Berner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Klobasa I, Denham G, Baird M, Sim J, Petrie D, Roebuck DJ, Tonks A, Tu C, Sarrami P, Best J, Abood J, Jones C. Real-time x-ray abnormality alerts for emergency departments using a radiographer comment model - a multisite pilot study. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:52-60. [PMID: 37866158 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The timely communication of clinically significant image appearances to Emergency Department (ED) referrers is necessary for optimum patient care. Australian reliance on verbal communication only is time-limited, open to misinterpretation and lacks transparency. A combined radiographer alert and comment model was designed to reliably communicate image abnormalities to ED referrers in real-time. METHODS A multidisciplinary steering group designed the model for all ED general imaging. Protocols were developed to document radiographer comments (critical, urgent and clinically significant) in patients' medical records. Critical findings were communicated directly to ED. Five NSW hospitals varying in size, complexity and population demographics piloted the model between three to twelve months during 2021-2022. Site auditors compared comments with the radiology report and designated each as True Positive (TP), False Positive (FP), indeterminate and clinically significant. Indeterminate cases were analysed by an external radiologist. Inter-observer consensus was obtained for all classifications via two independent auditors. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV), or precision of the comment, was calculated for each site. RESULTS Radiographers (n = 69) provided comments for 1102 cases. The pooled average PPV for TP was 0.96; (0.947-0.971; 95% CI). The weighted mean error (FP comments) was 3.9%; (2.9% - 5.3%.; 95% CI). CONCLUSION The Radiographer Comment model provided consistent levels of commenting precision and reproducibility across a range of sites with a pooled average PPV (0.96). The False Positive rate or weighted mean error (FP) of 3.9% (2.9% - 5.3%.; 95% CI) was low. IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE PRACTICE A strategic, interprofessional approach in the implementation of an image alert combined with a Radiographer Comment can be adapted across a variety of hospital settings for ED and other departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Klobasa
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - G Denham
- Manning District Hospital, Taree, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M Baird
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Sim
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Petrie
- School of Health Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D J Roebuck
- Department of Medical Imaging, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia; Division of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Tonks
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Tu
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Sarrami
- Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI), NSW Health. St Leonards New South Wales, Australia; South-Western Sydney Clinical School University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Best
- Wyong Hospital, Wyong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Abood
- Bathurst Hospital, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Jones
- Broken Hill Hospital, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Evans J, Chang C, Jones C, Anderson I, Berner JE, Crowley TP, Ragbir M. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of angiosarcoma of the head and neck: A 17-year single-centre experience. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 88:452-456. [PMID: 38091688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiosarcomas in the head and neck region are aggressive tumours associated with high local recurrence and metastatic rates. We present our 17-year experience at the North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service. METHODS A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained database was undertaken, looking for patients diagnosed with angiosarcomas affecting the head and neck. Data were gathered using a pre-defined proforma to include demographics, histological characteristics, treatment modalities, adjuvant therapies, local recurrence, distant spread, and disease-specific survival. RESULTS A total of 23 patients (17 males, 6 females) were identified, with a mean age of 76 years at presentation. Fourteen presented with scalp lesions, whereas the remainder arose on the face. Eighteen patients underwent resection with curative intent, whereas three received palliative radiotherapy and two received comfort-based care only. Of the patients undergoing surgery, 12 had local flap reconstruction and 6 underwent free tissue transfer. Clear resection margins were obtained in nine cases (50%). Fourteen patients (78%) presented with local recurrence after surgery, and 11 (61%) developed distant metastases. The median disease-specific survival time for patients treated with curative intent was 38 months. Eight patients had mapping biopsies ahead of their resection; however, complete resection was achieved in only two cases. DISCUSSION Angiosarcomas of the head and neck are associated with a poor prognosis, with most patients rapidly developing local recurrence, resulting in adverse clinical outcomes. Mapping biopsies do not demonstrate a clear advantage for achieving complete surgical resection. A radical surgical approach is warranted, given the aggressiveness of the pathology. However, there remains no consensus on optimal surgical management; we recommend further synthesising studies to determine the most appropriate treatment pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Evans
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Chad Chang
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Christopher Jones
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Anderson
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Enrique Berner
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy P Crowley
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maniram Ragbir
- The North of England Bone and Soft Tissue Tumour Service, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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22
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Jenner LA, Farran EK, Welham A, Jones C, Moss J. The use of eye-tracking technology as a tool to evaluate social cognition in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:42. [PMID: 38044457 PMCID: PMC10694880 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively little is known about social cognition in people with intellectual disability (ID), and how this may support understanding of co-occurring autism. A limitation of previous research is that traditional social-cognitive tasks place a demand on domain-general cognition and language abilities. These tasks are not suitable for people with ID and lack the sensitivity to detect subtle social-cognitive processes. In autism research, eye-tracking technology has offered an effective method of evaluating social cognition-indicating associations between visual social attention and autism characteristics. The present systematic review synthesised research which has used eye-tracking technology to study social cognition in ID. A meta-analysis was used to explore whether visual attention on socially salient regions (SSRs) of stimuli during these tasks correlated with degree of autism characteristics presented on clinical assessment tools. METHOD Searches were conducted using four databases, research mailing lists, and citation tracking. Following in-depth screening and exclusion of studies with low methodological quality, 49 articles were included in the review. A correlational meta-analysis was run on Pearson's r values obtained from twelve studies, reporting the relationship between visual attention on SSRs and autism characteristics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Eye-tracking technology was used to measure different social-cognitive abilities across a range of syndromic and non-syndromic ID groups. Restricted scan paths and eye-region avoidance appeared to impact people's ability to make explicit inferences about mental states and social cues. Readiness to attend to social stimuli also varied depending on social content and degree of familiarity. A meta-analysis using a random effects model revealed a significant negative correlation (r = -.28, [95% CI -.47, -.08]) between visual attention on SSRs and autism characteristics across ID groups. Together, these findings highlight how eye-tracking can be used as an accessible tool to measure more subtle social-cognitive processes, which appear to reflect variability in observable behaviour. Further research is needed to be able to explore additional covariates (e.g. ID severity, ADHD, anxiety) which may be related to visual attention on SSRs, to different degrees within syndromic and non-syndromic ID groups, in order to determine the specificity of the association with autism characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Jenner
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK.
| | - E K Farran
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - A Welham
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Jones
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Moss
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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23
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Bryant RN, Houghton JL, Jones C, Pasquier V, Halevy I, Fike DA. Deconvolving microbial and environmental controls on marine sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotope ratios. Science 2023; 382:912-915. [PMID: 37995248 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg6103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructions of past environmental conditions and biological activity are often based on bulk stable isotope proxies, which are inherently open to multiple interpretations. This is particularly true of the sulfur isotopic composition of sedimentary pyrite (δ34Spyr), which is used to reconstruct ocean-atmosphere oxidation state and track the evolution of several microbial metabolic pathways. We present a microanalytical approach to deconvolving the multiple signals that influence δ34Spyr, yielding both the unambiguous determination of microbial isotopic fractionation (εmic) and new information about depositional conditions. We applied this approach to recent glacial-interglacial sediments, which feature over 70‰ variations in bulk δ34Spyr across these environmental transitions. Despite profound environmental change, εmic remained essentially invariant throughout this interval and the observed range in δ34Spyr was instead driven by climate-induced variations in sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Bryant
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - J L Houghton
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - C Jones
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - V Pasquier
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Halevy
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D A Fike
- Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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24
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Waters GC, Jones C, D'Alessandro P, Yates P. Functional assessment of component positioning in patients with groin pain after total hip arthroplasty as a tool to guide management. Hip Int 2023:11207000231205843. [PMID: 37861204 DOI: 10.1177/11207000231205843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persisting groin pain post total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common and complex issue that can be difficult to diagnose and manage. Acetabular component positioning is often implicated. AIMS AND METHODS We used a previously well described and validated functional positioning protocol to determine if functional acetabular malpositioning was a factor in groin pain post THA and hence to determine if acetabular revision would be indicated. We compared patient-specific functional acetabular positioning to traditional CT evaluation of cup position and assessment of anterior cup overhang. RESULTS 39 patients with groin pain post-THA were investigated. Functional acetabular malpositioning was diagnosed in 31% (12/39). Revision THA was performed in those 12 patients, resulting in resolution of functional malpositioning (100%), with an overall accuracy of 5.6° (range 1-12), and resolution of groin pain in 67% (8/12). 33% (4/12) of the revised implants had functional positioning located outside the traditional "40/20 zone". Comparison with CT indicated that 40% (4/10) of implants with anterior overhang were well positioned, however only 50% (6/12) of functionally malpositioned implants had CT evidence of anterior cup prominence. Of the 8/12 revision patients who had resolution of their groin pain, only 1 had cup prominence. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the utilisation of a patient specific functional positioning algorithm in the analysis of persistent groin pain following THA can assist in identifying the underlying cause of pain and help to guide treatment. For a functionally malpositioned acetabulum, revision surgery offers a potential resolution of groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piers Yates
- University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital and Health Service, Perth, WA, Australia
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25
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Jones C, Jadva V, Zadeh S, Golombok S. Single fathers' experiences of using egg donation and surrogacy to start a family. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:1981-1990. [PMID: 37528054 PMCID: PMC10546079 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the experiences of single men using egg donation and surrogacy as a route to parenthood? SUMMARY ANSWER The fathers mainly had a positive relationship with the surrogate and simultaneously exercised agency, and experienced challenges, during the process of surrogacy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Little is known about single men's experiences of egg donation and surrogacy arrangements. Studies have focused on single men's decision-making processes about the use of surrogacy and family functioning once these families are formed. Questions remain about how fathers experience and navigate the process of surrogacy as a single man. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study is an international, in-depth qualitative study of fathers who chose to begin a family and parent alone. Data were collected between 2018 and 2021 as part of a larger study of solo fathers with different routes to parenthood. The present study reports on 21 fathers who used surrogacy and egg donation to begin their family. The average age of the fathers was 44 years, the fathers had young children aged 6 years or younger, and lived in countries across Australia, Europe, and North America. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Interview topics included fathers' experiences of the process of using egg donation and surrogacy, and navigating the relationship with the surrogate. The audio-recorded interviews lasted around 2 hours and were subsequently transcribed verbatim. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and qualitative content analysis. Most of the fathers chose an identifiable egg donor. Regarding the relationship with the surrogate, many fathers had remained in contact with her, but to differing degrees, and they generally reported positive relationships. Thematic analysis led to the identification of three themes relating to the fathers' experiences of choosing surrogacy as a single man: the ability to make choices; challenges and constraints; and special relationship. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Due to the variation between different countries regarding laws on surrogacy, contextual factors may have impacted on the experiences of single fathers, and the sample size was small. However, the research provides new insights into an area with little academic literature. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Given the growing trend of single men having children through surrogacy, the findings suggest that this new path to parenthood can be both rewarding and challenging. Single men may benefit from tailored support and counselling to help them navigate the surrogacy journey. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 208013/Z/17/Z). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER n/a.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jones
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Jadva
- UCL Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Zadeh
- Thomas Coram Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Golombok
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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26
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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27
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Grissom CK, Holubkov R, Carpenter L, Hanna B, Jacobs JR, Jones C, Knighton AJ, Leither L, Lisonbee D, Peltan ID, Winberg C, Wolfe D, Srivastava R. Implementation of coordinated spontaneous awakening and breathing trials using telehealth-enabled, real-time audit and feedback for clinician adherence (TEACH): a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized trial. Implement Sci 2023; 18:45. [PMID: 37735443 PMCID: PMC10515061 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-023-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intensive care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation often require sedation and analgesia to improve comfort and decrease pain. Prolonged sedation and analgesia, however, may increase time on mechanical ventilation, risk for ventilator associated pneumonia, and delirium. Coordinated interruptions in sedation [spontaneous awakening trials (SATs)] and spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs) increase ventilator-free days and improve mortality. Coordination of SATs and SBTs is difficult with substantial implementation barriers due to difficult-to-execute sequencing between nurses and respiratory therapists. Telehealth-enabled remote care has the potential to overcome these barriers and improve coordinated SAT and SBT adherence by enabling proactive high-risk patient monitoring, surveillance, and real-time assistance to frontline ICU teams. METHODS The telehealth-enabled, real-time audit and feedback for clinician adherence (TEACH) study will determine whether adding a telehealth augmented real-time audit and feedback to a usual supervisor-led audit and feedback intervention will yield higher coordinated SAT and SBT adherence and more ventilator-free days in mechanically ventilated patients than a usual supervisor-led audit and feedback intervention alone in a type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomized clinical trial in 12 Intermountain Health hospitals with 15 ICUs. In the active comparator control group (six hospitals), the only intervention is the usual supervisor-led audit and feedback implementation. The telehealth-enabled support (TEACH) intervention in six hospitals adds real-time identification of patients eligible for a coordinated SAT and SBT and consultative input from telehealth respiratory therapists, nurses, and physicians to the bedside clinicians to promote adherence including real-time assistance with execution. All intubated and mechanically ventilated patients ≥ 16 years of age are eligible for enrollment except for patients who die on the day of intubation or have preexisting brain death. Based on preliminary power analyses, we plan a 36-month intervention period that includes a 90-day run-in period. Estimated enrollment in the final analysis is up to 9900 mechanically ventilated patients over 33 months. DISCUSSION The TEACH study will enhance implementation science by providing insight into how a telehealth intervention augmenting a usual audit and feedback implementation may improve adherence to coordinated SAT and SBT and increase ventilator-free days. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05141396 , registered 12/02/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Grissom
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, 84107, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Critical Care Operations, Intermountain Health, Canyons Region, Murray, UT, USA.
| | - Richard Holubkov
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lori Carpenter
- Respiratory Care, Intermountain Health, Canyons Region, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bridgett Hanna
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason R Jacobs
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, 84107, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Critical Care Operations, Intermountain Health, Canyons Region, Murray, UT, USA
| | - Andrew J Knighton
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lindsay Leither
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, 84107, USA
| | - Dee Lisonbee
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ithan D Peltan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, UT, 84107, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carrie Winberg
- Respiratory Care, Intermountain Health, Canyons Region, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Doug Wolfe
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Rajendu Srivastava
- Healthcare Delivery Institute, Intermountain Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah and Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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28
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Toure M, Johnson T, Li B, Schmidt R, Ma H, Neagu C, Lopez AU, Wang Y, Guler S, Xiao Y, Henkes R, Ho K, Zhang S, Chu CL, Gundra UM, Porichis F, Li L, Maurer CK, Fang Z, Musil D, DiPoto M, Friis E, Jones R, Jones C, Cummings J, Chekler E, Tanzer EM, Huck B, Sherer B. Discovery of quinazoline HPK1 inhibitors with high cellular potency. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 92:117423. [PMID: 37531921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is regarded as a highly validated target in pre-clinical immune oncology. HPK1 has been described as regulating multiple critical signaling pathway in both adaptive and innate cells. In support of this role, HPK1 KO T cells show enhanced sensitivity to TCR activation and HPK1 KO mice display enhanced anti-tumor activity. Taken together, inhibition of HPK1 has the potential to induce enhanced anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we described the discovery of highly potent HPK1 inhibitors starting form a weak HTS hit. Using a structure-based drug design, HPK1 inhibitors exhibiting excellent cellular single-digit nanomolar potency in both proximal (pSLP76) and distal (IL-2) biomarkers along with sustained elevation of IL-2 cytokine secretion were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momar Toure
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States.
| | - Theresa Johnson
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Ralf Schmidt
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Hong Ma
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Constantin Neagu
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Andrea Unzue Lopez
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Yanping Wang
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Satenig Guler
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - YuFang Xiao
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Renate Henkes
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Kevin Ho
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Susan Zhang
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Chia Lin Chu
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Uma Mahesh Gundra
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Filippos Porichis
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Long Li
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Christine Katharina Maurer
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Zhizhou Fang
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Djordje Musil
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Maria DiPoto
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Emily Friis
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Reinaldo Jones
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Christopher Jones
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - James Cummings
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Eugene Chekler
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Eva Maria Tanzer
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Bayard Huck
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
| | - Brian Sherer
- Discovery & Development Technologies, Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States
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Gaston T, Matzon JL, Sodha S, Jones C, Hoffman C, Rivlin M. The Effect of Percutaneous Retrograde Metacarpal Intramedullary Screw Insertion on the Extensor Tendon. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2023; 81:163-167. [PMID: 37639343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both limited-open and percutaneous techniques have been described for retrograde insertion of intramedullary metacarpal screws. The percutaneous approach does not allow direct visualization of the starting point at the metacarpal head. However, it limits soft tissue dissection and expedites the procedure. The purpose of our study was to determine whether percutaneous, retrograde intramedullary screw fixation causes substantial iatrogenic damage to the extensor tendon. We also investigated whether larger sized screws would cause greater tendon injury compared to smaller screws. METHODS Eight fresh frozen cadaver hands were used for percutaneous, retrograde intramedullary screw insertion of the index, long, ring, and small finger metacarpals of each specimen. Three different types of headless compression screws were used: a small fully threaded screw, a large fully threaded screw, and a Herbert-style partially threaded screw. After insertion, dissection was carried down to the screw entry site. Extensor tendon damage was evaluated, including tendon defect size and any irregularities noted in the tendon. RESULTS There was no statistical difference with respect to how frequently a screw perforated the extensor tendons between all four finger metacarpals. Overall, the defect width caused by the screw was minimal, ranging from 0.66 mm to 1.89 mm for all finger and screw types. The large style screw did cause the greatest mean defect width, however, this was not statistically significant. When normalized to total tendon width, the defect was less than 28% of the total tendon width, with an average of 20% for all finger and screw types. Upon gross inspection, there was no fraying or irregularity noted at the screw-tendon insertion site, and it was often difficult to identify the screw entry site through the tendon by direct visualization alone. No tendon ruptures were noted. CONCLUSIONS This study found that percutaneous insertion of a retrograde, intramedullary metacarpal screw causes minimal extensor tendon injury. In contrast to the limited-open approach, the percutaneous technique requires less soft tissue dissection and the possibility of reduced swelling, scarring, and risk of adhesions. Moreover, it has the potential to allow for early functional rehabilitation and reduced operative time. Interestingly, none of the tendons demonstrated fraying or rupture, as one might expect to occur with blind passage of a drill and screw through a tendon. Overall, the percutaneous, retrograde intramedullary screw technique appears to cause minimal iatrogenic injury to the extensor tendon.
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30
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Lu L, Wein AN, Villanueva A, Jones C, Anderson A, Ritter J, Lin CY. Clinical and Histopathologic Characteristics of Recurrent Sarcoidosis in Posttransplant Lungs: 25 Years of Experience. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:1034-1038. [PMID: 37317999 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lung transplantation is the definitive therapy for end-stage pulmonary sarcoidosis. While recurrent sarcoidosis in allografts has been described in several case reports, the incidence and clinicopathologic characteristics remain unclear. In this study, we characterize the clinical and histopathologic features of recurrent sarcoidosis diagnosed in posttransplant lung surveillance transbronchial biopsies (TBBx). We identified 35 patients who underwent lung transplant for pulmonary sarcoidosis during the study period. Among them, 18 patients (51%) experienced recurrent sarcoidosis posttransplant. These included 7 females and 11 males with mean age at recurrence of 51.6 years. The average time interval from transplant to recurrence was 252 days (22 to 984 d). All TBBx contained >4 pieces of alveolated lung tissue with no evidence of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grade A2, A3, or A4 acute cellular rejection; chronic rejection; or antibody-mediated rejection. There were 33 surveillance TBBx that contained granulomatous inflammation with a mean of 3.6 well-formed granulomas per TBBx (range: 1 to >20). Multinucleated giant cells were identified in 11 TBBx (33.3%), with 1 case containing asteroid bodies. While most of the granulomas were "naked granulomas," 5 cases (15.2%) showed prominent lymphoid cuffing. Two cases showed evidence of fibrosis. One of the granulomas had focal necrosis; however, no infectious organisms were identified by special stains and clinical correlation suggested this case represented recurrent sarcoidosis. Biopsies of recurrent sarcoidosis usually show multiple well-formed granulomas with giant cells in more than half of the cases, while lymphoid cuffing, fibrosis, asteroid bodies, and necrotizing granulomas are uncommon findings. Pathologists should be aware of these features, as recurrence of sarcoidosis following lung transplant occurs in more than half of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Alexander N Wein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Ana Villanueva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Christopher Jones
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adam Anderson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jon Ritter
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Chieh-Yu Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine
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31
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Bristol AA, Litchman M, Berg C, Grigorian E, Small D, Glazener A, Jones C, Allen NA. Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Data Sharing to Encourage Collaboration Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Care Partners: Qualitative Descriptive Study. JMIR Nurs 2023; 6:e46627. [PMID: 37494110 PMCID: PMC10413231 DOI: 10.2196/46627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with diabetes use continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to self-manage their diabetes. Care partners (CPs) frequently become involved in supporting persons with diabetes in the management of their diabetes. However, persons with diabetes and CP dyads may require more communication and problem-solving skills regarding how to share and respond to CGM data. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of persons with diabetes and CPs who participated in the Share "plus" intervention, which addresses dyadic communication strategies, problem-solving, and action planning to promote sharing of CGM data among the dyad. METHODS Ten dyads participated in the Share "plus" telehealth intervention. Participants were interviewed during and after the Share "plus" intervention. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data. RESULTS During postsession interviews, dyads described feeling a sense of shared responsibility yet viewed the persons with diabetes as ultimately responsible for the disease. Additionally, dyads shared that communication patterns improved and were able to recognize the negative aspects of previously established communication patterns. Dyads reported communication focused on hypoglycemia episodes while also differing in the frequency they reviewed CGM data and set alerts. Overall, dyads expressed positive reactions to the Share "plus" intervention. CONCLUSIONS Share "plus" was helpful in promoting positive CGM-related communication among dyads and encouraged more CP support. CPs play an important role in supporting older adults with type 1 diabetes. Communication strategies help support dyad involvement in CGM data sharing and self-management among persons with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia A Bristol
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michelle Litchman
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cynthia Berg
- College of Social and Behavioral Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Ernest Grigorian
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Denise Small
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashley Glazener
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Christopher Jones
- Cottonwood Medical Clinic Endocrine and Diabetes, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, United States
| | - Nancy A Allen
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Holbert SE, Brown C, Baxter S, Johnson AH, Gelfand J, Shushan A, Turcotte JJ, Jones C. Absorbable Sutures and Telemedicine for Patients Undergoing Trigger Finger Release. Cureus 2023; 15:e42486. [PMID: 37637594 PMCID: PMC10452930 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of care processes that reduce the need for in-person clinic visits while maintaining low complication rates is needed. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of patients undergoing trigger finger release with various suture and follow-up visit types to assess the feasibility of shifting towards telemedicine-based follow-up protocols. Methods A retrospective review of 329 patients undergoing trigger finger release was performed. Patients were classified based on whether or not they received in-office follow-ups; whether they received absorbable or non-absorbable sutures; and whether they were treated using a telemedicine and absorbable suture protocol or other combination of sutures and follow-ups. Univariate statistics were performed to compare outcomes between groups. Results Patients who did not undergo in-office follow-up were more likely to experience residual stiffness or contracture (11.4% vs. 4.1%; p=0.033) but had no significant differences in 30-day reoperation, emergency department (ED) returns, wound complaints, and Quick DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) scores. When comparing chromic absorbable sutures to non-absorbable sutures, those with absorbable sutures were significantly more likely to have telemedicine visits but were also more likely to have wound complaints (17.9% vs. 8.5%; p=0.022). There was no significant difference in two- and six-week pain scores, 30-day reoperation, ED returns, residual symptoms, and Quick DASH scores. When comparing patients treated using the absorbable suture and telemedicine protocol with those receiving any other type of suture and postoperative follow-up, no significant differences in any postoperative clinical outcome measures were observed. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the use of an absorbable suture and telemedicine protocol for patients undergoing trigger finger release yields similar outcomes as traditional methods of care. However, the use of absorbable sutures may result in decreased patient satisfaction with surgical wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Orthopedic Research, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Orthopedic Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
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Sanchez F, Galvis JA, Cardenas NC, Corzo C, Jones C, Machado G. Spatiotemporal relative risk distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the United States. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158306. [PMID: 37456959 PMCID: PMC10340085 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains widely distributed across the U.S. swine industry. Between-farm movements of animals and transportation vehicles, along with local transmission are the primary routes by which PRRSV is spread. Given the farm-to-farm proximity in high pig production areas, local transmission is an important pathway in the spread of PRRSV; however, there is limited understanding of the role local transmission plays in the dissemination of PRRSV, specifically, the distance at which there is increased risk for transmission from infected to susceptible farms. We used a spatial and spatiotemporal kernel density approach to estimate PRRSV relative risk and utilized a Bayesian spatiotemporal hierarchical model to assess the effects of environmental variables, between-farm movement data and on-farm biosecurity features on PRRSV outbreaks. The maximum spatial distance calculated through the kernel density approach was 15.3 km in 2018, 17.6 km in 2019, and 18 km in 2020. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed greater variability throughout the study period, with significant differences between the different farm types. We found that downstream farms (i.e., finisher and nursery farms) were located in areas of significant-high relative risk of PRRSV. Factors associated with PRRSV outbreaks were farms with higher number of access points to barns, higher numbers of outgoing movements of pigs, and higher number of days where temperatures were between 4°C and 10°C. Results obtained from this study may be used to guide the reinforcement of biosecurity and surveillance strategies to farms and areas within the distance threshold of PRRSV positive farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Sanchez
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jason A. Galvis
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Nicolas C. Cardenas
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Cesar Corzo
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Christopher Jones
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Gustavo Machado
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Palmer S, Coad J, Gamble J, Jones C, Lees-Deutsch L, McWilliams D, Murphy E, Kneafsey R. Nursing, midwifery, and allied health professions research capacities and cultures: a survey of staff within a university and acute healthcare organisation. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:647. [PMID: 37328877 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing focus on the development of research capacity and culture in Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions (NMAHP). However, better understanding of the existing research success and skills, motivators, barriers, and development needs of NMAHP professionals is required to inform this development. This study sought to identify such factors within a university and an acute healthcare organisation. METHODS An online survey, incorporating the Research Capacity and Culture tool, was administered to NMAHP professionals and students at a university and an acute healthcare organisation in the United Kingdom. Ratings of success/skill levels of teams and individuals were compared between professional groups using Mann-Whitney U tests. Motivators, barriers, and development needs were reported using descriptive statistics. Descriptive thematic analysis was used for open-ended text responses. RESULTS A total of 416 responses were received (N&M n = 223, AHP n = 133, Other n = 60). N&M respondents were more positive than their AHP counterparts about the success/skill levels of their teams. There were no significant differences between N&M and AHP in their ratings of individual successes/skills. Finding and critically reviewing relevant literature were identified as specific individual strengths; with weaknesses in securing research funding, submitting ethics applications, writing for publication, and advising less experienced researchers. The main motivators for research were to develop skills, increased job satisfaction, and career advancement; whilst barriers included lack of time for research and other work roles taking priority. Key support needs identified included mentorship (for teams and individuals) and in-service training. Open-ended questions generated main themes of 'Employment & staffing', 'Professional services support', 'Clinical & academic management', 'Training & development', 'Partnerships' and 'Operating principles'. Two cross-cutting themes described issues common to multiple main themes: 'Adequate working time for research' and 'Participating in research as an individual learning journey'. CONCLUSIONS Rich information was generated to inform the development of strategies to enhance research capacity and culture in NMAHP. Much of this can be generic but some nuances may be required to address some specific differences between professional groups, particularly related to perceived team success/skills and priorities identified for support and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Palmer
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - J Coad
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Nottingham University Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Gamble
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - C Jones
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - L Lees-Deutsch
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - D McWilliams
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - E Murphy
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK
| | - R Kneafsey
- Centre for Care Excellence, Coventry University and University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Richard Crossman Building, Jordan Well, Coventry, CV1 5RW, UK.
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Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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Jones C, Mitzman J, Spencer S, Lo CB, Mahan JD, Stein D. Barriers and Facilitators to Pediatric Resident Education in the Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e40142. [PMID: 37425526 PMCID: PMC10329485 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Local resident evaluations of the pediatric emergency department (ED) declined over the last five years. Sparse literature exists on resident perspectives of educational experiences. This study explored the barriers and facilitators to resident education in the Pediatric ED. Methods This qualitative study utilized focus groups at a large pediatric training hospital. Trained facilitators performed semi-structured interviews prompting discussion of resident experiences in the pediatric ED. One pilot and six focus groups (38 pediatric residents) achieved data saturation. Sessions were audio recorded, de-identified and transcribed by a professional service. Three authors (CJ, JM, SS) analyzed the transcripts independently using line-by-line coding. Following code agreement, authors identified central themes drawing on grounded theory. Results Six categories emerged: (1) ED environment, (2) consistent goals, expectations, and resources, (3) ED workflow, (4) preceptor accessibility, (5) resident growth and development, (6) ED preconceived notions. Residents value a respectful work environment despite the chaotic nature of the ED. They need clear goals and expectations with a strong orientation. Autonomy, open communication and shared decision-making allow residents to feel like team members. Residents gravitate toward welcoming, available preceptors that enthusiastically teach. More ED environment exposure increases comfort and efficiency and helps develop medical decision-making skills. Residents admit ED preconceptions and personality traits affect performance. Conclusion Residents self-identified barriers and facilitators to ED education. Educators must provide a safe and open learning environment, clear rotation expectations and goals, consistent positivity supporting shared decision making, and allow residents autonomy to build their practice styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Mitzman
- Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Sandra Spencer
- Emergency Medicine, Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, USA
| | - Charmaine B Lo
- Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - John D Mahan
- Pediatric Nephrology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - David Stein
- Educational Studies, The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology, Columbus, USA
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Sekmen A, Al Nasr K, Bilgin B, Koku AB, Jones C. Mathematical and Machine Learning Approaches for Classification of Protein Secondary Structure Elements from Cα Coordinates. Biomolecules 2023; 13:923. [PMID: 37371503 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining Secondary Structure Elements (SSEs) for any protein is crucial as an intermediate step for experimental tertiary structure determination. SSEs are identified using popular tools such as DSSP and STRIDE. These tools use atomic information to locate hydrogen bonds to identify SSEs. When some spatial atomic details are missing, locating SSEs becomes a hinder. To address the problem, when some atomic information is missing, three approaches for classifying SSE types using Cα atoms in protein chains were developed: (1) a mathematical approach, (2) a deep learning approach, and (3) an ensemble of five machine learning models. The proposed methods were compared against each other and with a state-of-the-art approach, PCASSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sekmen
- Department of Computer Science, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Kamal Al Nasr
- Department of Computer Science, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Bahadir Bilgin
- Department of Computer Science, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Bugra Koku
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
- Center for Robotics and AI, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Computer Science, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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Harrison H, Burns M, Darko N, Jones C. Exploring the benefits of nature-based interventions in socio-economically deprived communities: a narrative review of the evidence to date. Perspect Public Health 2023; 143:156-172. [PMID: 37178030 DOI: 10.1177/17579139231170768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Socio-economic deprivation encompasses the relative disadvantage experienced by individuals or communities in relation to financial, material or social resources. Nature-based interventions (NBIs) are a public health approach that promote sustainable, healthy communities through engagement with nature and show potential to address inequalities experienced by socio-economically deprived communities. This narrative review aims to identify and evaluate the benefits of NBIs in socio-economically deprived communities. METHOD A systematic literature search of six electronic publication databases (APA PsycInfo, CENTRAL, CDSR, CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science) was conducted on 5 February 2021 and repeated on 30 August 2022. In total, 3852 records were identified and 18 experimental studies (published between 2015 and 2022) were included in this review. RESULTS Interventions including therapeutic horticulture, care farming, green exercise and wilderness arts and craft were evaluated in the literature. Key benefits were observed for cost savings, diet diversity, food security, anthropometric outcomes, mental health outcomes, nature visits, physical activity and physical health. Age, gender, ethnicity, level of engagement and perception of environment safety influenced the effectiveness of the interventions. CONCLUSION Results demonstrate there are clear benefits of NBIs on economic, environmental, health and social outcomes. Further research including qualitative analyses, more stringent experimental designs and use of standardised outcome measures is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Harrison
- Department of Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - M Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - N Darko
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre & School of Media, Communication and Sociology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - C Jones
- Clinical Psychology, Psychology and Vision Sciences, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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Stock LA, Brennan JC, Johnson AH, Gelfand J, Turcotte JJ, Jones C. Disparities in Hand Surgery Exist in Unexpected Populations. Cureus 2023; 15:e39736. [PMID: 37398773 PMCID: PMC10310399 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our study is to investigate disparities in the patient populations and outcomes of carpal tunnel release (CTR) and trigger finger release (TFR). Methods A retrospective review of 777 CTR and 395 TFR patients from May 2021 to August 2022 was completed. The shortened form of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores (QuickDASH) was recorded to evaluate physical function preoperatively and at one and three months postoperatively. This study was deemed institutional review board-exempt by the institutional clinical research committee. Results Compared to CTR, TFR patients resided in zip codes with higher levels of social vulnerability across dimensions of 'household composition and disability' (p=0.018) and 'minority status and language' (p=0.043). When analyzing QuickDASH scores by demographics and procedure, preoperative scores were statistically significantly higher for non-married (p=0.002), White (p=0.003), and female sex (p=0.001) CTR patients. Further, one-month postoperative scores were statistically higher for White and non-married CTR patients (0.016 and 0.015, respectively). At three months postoperatively, female and non-married patients had statistically significant higher scores (0.010 and 0.037, respectively). In TFR patients, one-month postoperative QuickDASH scores for White and female patients were statistically significantly higher (0.018 and 0.007, respectively). There were no significant differences in QuickDASH scores between rural and non-rural patients, household income (HHI) above or below the median, or the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) dimensions. Conclusion Our study found marital status, sex, and race were associated with disparities in pre-and postoperative physical function in patients undergoing carpal tunnel or trigger finger release. However, future studies are warranted to confirm and develop solutions to disparities within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Stock
- Orthopedic Research, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Jane C Brennan
- Orthopedic Research, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Andrea H Johnson
- Orthopedic Research, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- Orthopedic Surgery, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Justin J Turcotte
- Orthopedic Research, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Orthopedic Surgery, Luminis Health Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, USA
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Plate RC, Jones C, Zhao S, Flum MW, Steinberg J, Daley G, Corbett N, Neumann C, Waller R. "But not the music": psychopathic traits and difficulties recognising and resonating with the emotion in music. Cogn Emot 2023; 37:748-762. [PMID: 37104122 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2205105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recognising and responding appropriately to emotions is critical to adaptive psychological functioning. Psychopathic traits (e.g. callous, manipulative, impulsive, antisocial) are related to differences in recognition and response when emotion is conveyed through facial expressions and language. Use of emotional music stimuli represents a promising approach to improve our understanding of the specific emotion processing difficulties underlying psychopathic traits because it decouples recognition of emotion from cues directly conveyed by other people (e.g. facial signals). In Experiment 1, participants listened to clips of emotional music and identified the emotional content (Sample 1, N = 196) or reported on their feelings elicited by the music (Sample 2, N = 197). Participants accurately recognised (t(195) = 32.78, p < .001, d = 4.69) and reported feelings consistent with (t(196) = 7.84, p < .001, d = 1.12) the emotion conveyed in the music. However, psychopathic traits were associated with reduced emotion recognition accuracy (F(1, 191) = 19.39, p < .001) and reduced likelihood of feeling the emotion (F(1, 193) = 35.45, p < .001), particularly for fearful music. In Experiment 2, we replicated findings for broad difficulties with emotion recognition (Sample 3, N = 179) and emotional resonance (Sample 4, N = 199) associated with psychopathic traits. Results offer new insight into emotion recognition and response difficulties that are associated with psychopathic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Plate
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M W Flum
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Daley
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Corbett
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Neumann
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - R Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Daley S, Hebditch M, Jones C, Bremner S, Feeney Y, Towson G, Wright J, Banerjee S. Time for Dementia: Quantitative evaluation of a dementia education programme for healthcare students. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5922. [PMID: 37208949 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The future healthcare workforce needs the skills, attitudes, and empathy to better meet the needs of those with dementia. Time for Dementia (TFD) is an educational programme in which healthcare students from a range of professional groups visit a person with dementia and their family carer over a two-year period. The aim of this study was to evaluate its impact on student attitudes, knowledge and empathy towards dementia. METHODS Measures of dementia knowledge, attitudes and empathy were administered to healthcare students at five universities in the south of England before and after (24 months) they completed the TFD programme. Data were also collected at equivalent time points for a control group of students who had not taken part in the programme. Outcomes were modelled using multilevel linear regression models. RESULTS 2,700 intervention group students, and 562 control group students consented to participate. Students undertaking the TFD programme had higher levels of knowledge and positive attitudes at follow-up compared to equivalent students who did not undertake the programme. Our findings indicate a positive relationship between the number of visits undertaken and increasing dementia knowledge and attitudes. No substantial differences in the development of empathy was observed between groups. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that TFD may be effective across professional training programmes and universities. Further research into the mechanisms of action is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Daley
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Molly Hebditch
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Stephen Bremner
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, UK
| | - Yvonne Feeney
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Georgia Towson
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Juliet Wright
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Kuhnl A, Kirkwood AA, Roddie C, Menne T, Tholouli E, Bloor A, Besley C, Chaganti S, Osborne W, Norman J, Gibb A, Sharplin K, Cuadrado M, Correia de Farias M, Cheok K, Neill L, Latif AL, González Arias C, Uttenthal B, Jones C, Johnson R, McMillan A, Sanderson R, Townsend W. CAR T in patients with large B-cell lymphoma not fit for autologous transplant. Br J Haematol 2023. [PMID: 37082780 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) patients with comorbidities and/or advanced age are increasingly considered for treatment with CD19 CAR T, but data on the clinical benefit of CAR T in the less fit patient population are still limited. We analysed outcomes of consecutive patients approved for treatment with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) or tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) by the UK National CAR T Clinical Panel, according to fitness for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). 81/404 (20%) of approved patients were deemed unfit for ASCT. Unfit patients were more likely to receive tisa-cel versus axi-cel (52% vs. 48%) compared to 20% versus 80% in ASCT-fit patients; p < 0.0001. The drop-out rate from approval to infusion was significantly higher in the ASCT-unfit group (34.6% vs. 23.5%; p = 0.042). Among infused patients, response rate, progression-free and overall survival were similar in both cohorts. CAR T was well-tolerated in ASCT-unfit patients with an incidence of grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of 2% and 11%, respectively. Results from this multicentre real-world cohort demonstrate that CD19 CAR T can be safely delivered in carefully selected older patients and patients with comorbidities who are not deemed suitable for transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kuhnl
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A A Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Roddie
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - T Menne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - E Tholouli
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - A Bloor
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - C Besley
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - S Chaganti
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - W Osborne
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Norman
- Department of Haematology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - A Gibb
- Department of Haematology, The Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - K Sharplin
- Department of Haematology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK
| | - M Cuadrado
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - K Cheok
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - L Neill
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A L Latif
- Department of Haematology, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - B Uttenthal
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Jones
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Johnson
- Department of Haematology, St. James's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - A McMillan
- Department of Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Sanderson
- Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - W Townsend
- Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Jadva V, Jones C, Hall P, Imrie S, Golombok S. 'I know it's not normal but it's normal to me, and that's all that matters': experiences of young adults conceived through egg donation, sperm donation, and surrogacy. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:908-916. [PMID: 36921279 PMCID: PMC10152165 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are thoughts and feelings of young adults born following egg donation, sperm donation, and surrogacy? SUMMARY ANSWER Young adults felt either unconcerned or positive about the method of their conception. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Much of what we know about adults born to heterosexual couples following anonymous donation has come from samples of donor conceived people who had found out about their origins during adulthood. There have been no studies of how young adults born through surrogacy feel about their conception and towards their surrogate. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Thirty-five young adults were interviewed as part of the seventh phase of a larger multi-method, multi-informant longitudinal study of assisted conception families in the UK. Adults were conceived using either egg donation, sperm donation, gestational surrogacy, or genetic surrogacy and were raised in households headed by heterosexual couples. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Participants had a mean age of 20 years and were born following traditional surrogacy (n = 10), gestational surrogacy (n = 5), egg donation (n = 11), or sperm donation (n = 9). All young adults born following sperm donation and most (n = 10) born from egg donation had an anonymous donor. In all surrogacy arrangements, the parents had met the surrogate prior to treatment. The majority of young adults were told about their conception by the age of 4 years. Participants were interviewed over the internet using a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis to understand young adults' thoughts and experiences related to their conception and whether they were interested in meeting their donor or surrogate. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Fourteen (40%) young adults felt their conception made them feel special or unique, with the remainder feeling either neutral or unconcerned (n = 21, 60%). A higher proportion of young adults conceived using egg donation (n = 8, 73%) felt unique/special compared to young adults born following sperm donation and surrogacy. For 10 of the young adults, their feelings about their conception had changed over time, with most becoming more positive (n = 9, 26%). For most young adults (n = 22, 63%), conception was rarely or infrequently discussed with others. However, when it was, these conversations were largely conducted with ease. Most (n = 25, 71%) did not know other individuals born through the same method of conception as themselves, and the vast majority (n = 34, 97%) were not members of any support groups. For the 25 young adults not in contact with their donor or surrogate, 11 wished to meet them, 8 did not want to have contact, and 6 were unsure. Young adults in contact with their donor or surrogate had varying levels of closeness to them. Only one young adult had searched for the identity of their donor. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Of the 47 young adults invited to participate in the present study, 35 agreed to take part resulting in a response rate of 74%. It is therefore not known how those who did not take part felt about their conception. Given that the families reported here had been taking part in this longitudinal study from when the target child was aged 1 year, they may have been more likely to discuss the child's conception than other families. The study also utilized self-report measures, which may have been prone to social desirability, with donor conceived young adults wanting to present their experiences in a positive light. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The findings suggest that young adults born through surrogacy and donor conception do not feel negatively about their birth and this may be a consequence of the young age at which they found out about their conception. Although some young adults said they wished to meet their donor, this did not necessarily mean they were actively searching for them. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 208013/Z/17/Z]. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jadva
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Jones
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Hall
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Imrie
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Golombok
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Parker E, Thomas J, Roper KJ, Ijaz S, Edwards T, Marchesin F, Katsanovskaja K, Lett L, Jones C, Hardwick HE, Davis C, Vink E, McDonald SE, Moore SC, Dicks S, Jegatheesan K, Cook NJ, Hope J, Cherepanov P, McClure MO, Baillie JK, Openshaw PJM, Turtle L, Ho A, Semple MG, Paxton WA, Tedder RS, Pollakis G. SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses associate with sex, age and disease severity in previously uninfected people admitted to hospital with COVID-19: An ISARIC4C prospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146702. [PMID: 37056776 PMCID: PMC10087108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic enables the analysis of immune responses induced against a novel coronavirus infecting immunologically naïve individuals. This provides an opportunity for analysis of immune responses and associations with age, sex and disease severity. Here we measured an array of solid-phase binding antibody and viral neutralising Ab (nAb) responses in participants (n=337) of the ISARIC4C cohort and characterised their correlation with peak disease severity during acute infection and early convalescence. Overall, the responses in a Double Antigen Binding Assay (DABA) for antibody to the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) correlated well with IgM as well as IgG responses against viral spike, S1 and nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens. DABA reactivity also correlated with nAb. As we and others reported previously, there is greater risk of severe disease and death in older men, whilst the sex ratio was found to be equal within each severity grouping in younger people. In older males with severe disease (mean age 68 years), peak antibody levels were found to be delayed by one to two weeks compared with women, and nAb responses were delayed further. Additionally, we demonstrated that solid-phase binding antibody responses reached higher levels in males as measured via DABA and IgM binding against Spike, NP and S1 antigens. In contrast, this was not observed for nAb responses. When measuring SARS-CoV-2 RNA transcripts (as a surrogate for viral shedding) in nasal swabs at recruitment, we saw no significant differences by sex or disease severity status. However, we have shown higher antibody levels associated with low nasal viral RNA indicating a role of antibody responses in controlling viral replication and shedding in the upper airway. In this study, we have shown discernible differences in the humoral immune responses between males and females and these differences associate with age as well as with resultant disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Parker
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Thomas
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly J. Roper
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Samreen Ijaz
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tansy Edwards
- Medical Research Council (MRC) International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Marchesin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Katsanovskaja
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Lett
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Jones
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley E. Hardwick
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Davis
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elen Vink
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. McDonald
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shona C. Moore
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Dicks
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keerthana Jegatheesan
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Reference Department, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
- National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J. Cook
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Hope
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Cherepanov
- Chromatin Structure and Mobile DNA Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myra O. McClure
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lance Turtle
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Ho
- Medical Research Council, University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G. Semple
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Paxton
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard S. Tedder
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Pollakis
- National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Leitz SJ, Bagley SM, Cook AJ, Jones C, Lawrence D, Pearce P. Strategies to Reduce Harm: An Expert Panel Discussion on the Fentanyl Crisis. Perm J 2023; 27:3-15. [PMID: 36691739 PMCID: PMC10013714 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/22.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Leitz
- Department of Addiction Medicine, Northwest Permanente Medical Group, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sarah M Bagley
- Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Jo Cook
- Firefighter/Paramedic, Clackamas Fire District #1, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - David Lawrence
- University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pam Pearce
- Community Living Above, West Linn, OR, USA
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Dunn A, Alvarez J, Arbon A, Bremner S, Elsby-Pearson C, Emsley R, Jones C, Lawrence P, Lester KJ, Majdandžić M, Morson N, Perry N, Simner J, Cartwright-Hatton S, Thomson A. Investigating the effect of providing monetary incentives to participants on completion rates of referred co-respondents: An embedded randomized controlled trial. Study within a trial (SWAT) protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 32:101090. [PMID: 36865678 PMCID: PMC9971523 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parent-report questionnaires are a common method of generating data on child outcomes in mental health studies. A second report from another person who knows the child (co-respondent) is implemented to reduce bias and increase objectivity. The success of this approach is dependent on the engagement of co-respondents, which can be difficult. Financial incentives are used to increase data return in clinical trials, and to promote referral rates in online marketing. This protocol describes the use of an embedded randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effect of financial incentives on rates of co-respondent data completion. In the host RCT (of an online intervention designed to reduce the impact of a parent's anxiety on their child) index participants (i.e. parents) are asked to invite a co-respondent to complete measures on the index child. This study will test the hypothesis that providing monetary incentives to index participants will increase the outcome measure completion rate of co-respondents. Methods Embedded RCT of two parallel groups. Participants in the intervention arm will be sent a £10 voucher if their chosen co-respondent completes online baseline measures. Participants in the control arm will not be offered payment regardless of their chosen co-respondent's behaviour. 1754 participants will take part. Analysis will compare co-respondent outcome measure completion rates between the two arms at baseline and follow-up. Conclusion Findings from this study will provide evidence on the impact of offering payment to index participants on return rates of co-respondent data. This will inform resource allocation within future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Dunn
- University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom.
| | - James Alvarez
- University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Arbon
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, BN2 5BE, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bremner
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Christopher Jones
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Lawrence
- University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Nicky Perry
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, BN1 9PX, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Simner
- University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abi Thomson
- University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
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Vavere AL, Sinsakul M, Ongstad EL, Yang Y, Varma V, Jones C, Goodman J, Dubois VFS, Quartino AL, Karathanasis SK, Abuhatzira L, Collén A, Antoniades C, Koren MJ, Gupta R, George RT. Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor 1 Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes: Phase 1 Results. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e027540. [PMID: 36688371 PMCID: PMC9973634 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Blockade of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a potentially attractive mechanism for lowering inflammatory and lipid risk in patients with atherosclerosis. This study aims to assess the safety, tolerability, and target engagement of MEDI6570, a high-affinity monoclonal blocking antibody to LOX-1. Methods and Results This phase 1, first-in-human, placebo-controlled study (NCT03654313) randomized 88 patients with type 2 diabetes to receive single ascending doses (10, 30, 90, 250, or 500 mg) or multiple ascending doses (90, 150, or 250 mg once monthly for 3 months) of MEDI6570 or placebo. Primary end point was safety; secondary and exploratory end points included pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, free soluble LOX-1 levels, and change in coronary plaque volume. Mean age was 57.6/58.1 years in the single ascending doses/multiple ascending doses groups, 31.3%/62.5% were female, and mean type 2 diabetes duration was 9.7/8.7 years. Incidence of adverse events was similar among cohorts. MEDI6570 exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics, with terminal half-life increasing from 4.6 days (30 mg) to 11.2 days (500 mg), consistent with target-mediated drug disposition. Dose-dependent reductions in mean soluble LOX-1 levels from baseline were observed (>66% at 4 weeks and 71.61-82.96% at 10 weeks in the single ascending doses and multiple ascending doses groups, respectively). After 3 doses, MEDI6570 was associated with nonsignificant regression of noncalcified plaque volume versus placebo (-13.45 mm3 versus -8.25 mm3). Conclusions MEDI6570 was well tolerated and demonstrated dose-dependent soluble LOX-1 suppression and a pharmacokinetic profile consistent with once-monthly dosing. Registration URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/; Unique identifier: NCT03654313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Vavere
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Marvin Sinsakul
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Emily L Ongstad
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Early CVRM Biometrics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Varma
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Christopher Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Joanne Goodman
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Vincent F S Dubois
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Angelica L Quartino
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Liron Abuhatzira
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Anna Collén
- Projects, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Koren
- Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research (JCCR) Jacksonville FL USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Bioscience Cardiovascular, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
| | - Richard T George
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gaithersburg MD USA
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Jones C, Gray S, Brown M, Brown J, Mc Closkey E, Rai B, Clarke N, Sachdeva A. Fracture and fall risk in men with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer treated with novel androgen receptor signalling inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Churchill J, Sachdeva A, Jones C, Issa A, Fankhauser C, Hudson A, Tran A, Oliveira P, Johnson H, Lau M, Parnham A, Sangar V. P16 status is an independent predictor of overall survival in metastatic penile cancer in a large contemporary cohort. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00680-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Jones C, Sachdeva A, Murphy L, Murray M, Brown L, Brown J, Mc Closkey E, Attard G, Parmar M, James N, Sydes M, Clarke N. Clinical fracture incidence in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and risk-reduction following addition of zoledronic acid to androgen deprivation therapy with or without docetaxel: Long-term results from the STAMPEDE trial. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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