1
|
Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kirchheiner K, Zaharie AT, Smet S, Spampinato S, Chargari C, Mahantshetty UM, Segedin B, Bruheim K, Rai B, Cooper R, Van der Steen-Banasik E, Wiebe EM, Potter R, Kirisits C, Schmid M, Haie-Meder C, Tanderup K, De Leeuw A, Jurgenliemk-Schulz I, Nout RA. Association between Regular Vaginal Dilation and/or Sexual Activity and Long-Term Vaginal Morbidity in Cervical Cancer Survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S2-S3. [PMID: 37784450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) To evaluate the association between regular vaginal dilation and/or sexual activity and vaginal morbidity in locally advanced cervical cancer patients after definitive radiochemotherapy and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy from the EMBRACE I study. MATERIALS/METHODS Physician-assessed vaginal morbidity (CTCAE v.3), vaginal dilation and patient-reported sexual activity (EORTC QLQ CX24) were assessed at baseline, every 3 months in the 1st year, every 6 months in the 2nd and 3rd year and yearly thereafter. For this longitudinal analysis, a subgroup of patients was selected with at least 3 follow-ups with information on vaginal dilation and/or sexual activity. Vaginal penetration summarized either the use of vaginal dilators or sexual activity or both. Regular vaginal penetration was defined if reported in ≥50%, infrequent if reported in <50% and absent if reported in 0% of follow-ups. Actuarial estimates of vaginal morbidity were calculated with Kaplan-Meier method and included the individual symptoms: vaginal dryness, stenosis, mucositis and bleeding. Group comparisons were evaluated with the log-rank test. RESULTS The EMBRACE I study included 1416 patients overall (2008-2015); the subgroup of patients for this longitudinal evaluation consists of 882 patients, with a median follow-up of 60 months (IQR 47-77). Of those, 565 (64%) reported regular, 205 (23%) infrequent and 112 (13%) no penetration. Reporting regular penetration was associated with a significantly lower risk of vaginal stenosis G≥2 of 23% at 5 years, compared to reporting of infrequent (37%) and no penetration (36%, p≤0.001). However, reporting regular penetration was associated with a significantly higher risk for vaginal dryness G≥1 (72% vs. 69% vs. 62%, respectively, p = 0.038) and bleeding G≥1 (61% vs. 40% vs. 25%, respectively, p≤0.001). No associations were seen for G≥1 vaginal stenosis, G≥2 dryness, G≥2 bleeding and G≥1/G≥2 mucositis. CONCLUSION Regular penetration (defined as vaginal dilation and/or sexual activity) was associated with lower risk for vaginal stenosis G≥2, but higher risk for vaginal dryness G≥1 and bleeding G≥1. Mild vaginal dryness seems to become apparent in particular for patients experiencing vaginal penetration. Minor vaginal blood loss during dilation and/or sexual activity is commonly reported by patients, resulting from atrophy of the vaginal mucosa and/or telangiectasia. While both of these G≥1 symptoms can be managed with lubricants, moisturizer and/or hormonal replacement therapy, G≥2 vaginal stenosis represents an irreversible fibrotic adverse event that can cause dyspareunia in many cancer patients. These long-term data support clinical recommendations for dilation and/or sexual activity after radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kirchheiner
- Department Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A T Zaharie
- Department Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Smet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, AZ Turnhout, Iridium Cancer Network, Antwerp, Turnhout, Belgium
| | - S Spampinato
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - C Chargari
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Villejuif, France
| | - U M Mahantshetty
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai & Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - B Segedin
- Department of Radiotherapy and Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Bruheim
- Department of Oncology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Rai
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Cooper
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - E M Wiebe
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute and University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Potter
- Department for Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Kirisits
- Department for Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Schmid
- Department Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Haie-Meder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Villejuif, France
| | - K Tanderup
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A De Leeuw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - I Jurgenliemk-Schulz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R A Nout
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Background and objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a rare chronic neuropathic pain condition of sudden and severe pain, often described as an electric shock. Diagnosis is challenging for non-expert clinicians, particularly in primary care settings. We wanted to identify and assess the diagnostic accuracy of existing screening tools for TN and orofacial pain that could be used to support the diagnosis of TN in primary care. Databases and data treatment We searched key databases (MEDLINE, ASSIA, Embase, and Web of Knowledge and PsycINFO) supplemented by citation tracking from January 1988 to 2021. We used an adapted version of the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) to assess the methodological quality of each study. Results Searches identified five studies, from the UK, USA and Canada; three validated self-report questionnaires; and two artificial neural networks. All screened for multiple orofacial pain diagnoses, including dentoalveolar pain, musculoskeletal pain (temporomandibular disorders) and neurological pain (trigeminal neuralgia, headache, atypical facial pain and postherpetic neuralgia). The overall quality assessment was low for one study. Conclusions Diagnosis of TN can be challenging for non-expert clinicians. Our review found few existing screening tools to diagnose TN, and none is currently suitable to be used in primary care settings. This evidence supports the need to adapt an existing tools or to create a new tool for this purpose. The development of an appropriate screening questionnaire could assist non-expert dental and medical clinicians to identify TN more effectively and empower them to manage or refer patients for treatment more effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- THN Teshima
- Department of Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pain Education Research Centre at ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - JM Zakrzewska
- Department of Oral Medicine, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pain Education Research Centre at ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, Royal National ENT & Eastman Dental Hospitals, ULCH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Potter
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andersen TI, Lensky YD, Kechedzhi K, Drozdov IK, Bengtsson A, Hong S, Morvan A, Mi X, Opremcak A, Acharya R, Allen R, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Babbush R, Bacon D, Bardin JC, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hilton J, Hoffmann MR, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Lucero E, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McCourt T, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Kim EA, Aleiner I, Roushan P. Non-Abelian braiding of graph vertices in a superconducting processor. Nature 2023; 618:264-269. [PMID: 37169834 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indistinguishability of particles is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics1. For all elementary and quasiparticles observed to date-including fermions, bosons and Abelian anyons-this principle guarantees that the braiding of identical particles leaves the system unchanged2,3. However, in two spatial dimensions, an intriguing possibility exists: braiding of non-Abelian anyons causes rotations in a space of topologically degenerate wavefunctions4-8. Hence, it can change the observables of the system without violating the principle of indistinguishability. Despite the well-developed mathematical description of non-Abelian anyons and numerous theoretical proposals9-22, the experimental observation of their exchange statistics has remained elusive for decades. Controllable many-body quantum states generated on quantum processors offer another path for exploring these fundamental phenomena. Whereas efforts on conventional solid-state platforms typically involve Hamiltonian dynamics of quasiparticles, superconducting quantum processors allow for directly manipulating the many-body wavefunction by means of unitary gates. Building on predictions that stabilizer codes can host projective non-Abelian Ising anyons9,10, we implement a generalized stabilizer code and unitary protocol23 to create and braid them. This allows us to experimentally verify the fusion rules of the anyons and braid them to realize their statistics. We then study the prospect of using the anyons for quantum computation and use braiding to create an entangled state of anyons encoding three logical qubits. Our work provides new insights about non-Abelian braiding and, through the future inclusion of error correction to achieve topological protection, could open a path towards fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Collapse
|
7
|
Morvan A, Andersen TI, Mi X, Neill C, Petukhov A, Kechedzhi K, Abanin DA, Michailidis A, Acharya R, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores Burgos L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Grajales Dau A, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone F, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Olenewa R, Opremcak A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Strain D, Sterling G, Su Y, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Xing C, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Aleiner I, Ioffe LB, Roushan P. Formation of robust bound states of interacting microwave photons. Nature 2022; 612:240-245. [PMID: 36477133 PMCID: PMC9729104 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systems of correlated particles appear in many fields of modern science and represent some of the most intractable computational problems in nature. The computational challenge in these systems arises when interactions become comparable to other energy scales, which makes the state of each particle depend on all other particles1. The lack of general solutions for the three-body problem and acceptable theory for strongly correlated electrons shows that our understanding of correlated systems fades when the particle number or the interaction strength increases. One of the hallmarks of interacting systems is the formation of multiparticle bound states2-9. Here we develop a high-fidelity parameterizable fSim gate and implement the periodic quantum circuit of the spin-½ XXZ model in a ring of 24 superconducting qubits. We study the propagation of these excitations and observe their bound nature for up to five photons. We devise a phase-sensitive method for constructing the few-body spectrum of the bound states and extract their pseudo-charge by introducing a synthetic flux. By introducing interactions between the ring and additional qubits, we observe an unexpected resilience of the bound states to integrability breaking. This finding goes against the idea that bound states in non-integrable systems are unstable when their energies overlap with the continuum spectrum. Our work provides experimental evidence for bound states of interacting photons and discovers their stability beyond the integrability limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Centre for Quantum Software and Information, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Y Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - F Malone
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Mohseni
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - E Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Olenewa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mi X, Sonner M, Niu MY, Lee KW, Foxen B, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Basso J, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Debroy DM, Demura S, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Flores L, Forati E, Fowler AG, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Harrigan MP, Hoffmann M, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Kim S, Kitaev AY, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Lee J, Laws L, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meurer Costa B, Miao KC, Mohseni M, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Mount E, Mruczkiewicz W, Naaman O, Neeley M, Neill C, Newman M, O’Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Quintana C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shvarts V, Strain D, Su Y, Szalay M, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Vollgraff-Heidweiller C, White T, Yao Z, Yeh P, Yoo J, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Neven H, Bacon D, Hilton J, Lucero E, Babbush R, Boixo S, Megrant A, Chen Y, Kelly J, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA, Roushan P. Noise-resilient edge modes on a chain of superconducting qubits. Science 2022; 378:785-790. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherent symmetry of a quantum system may protect its otherwise fragile states. Leveraging such protection requires testing its robustness against uncontrolled environmental interactions. Using 47 superconducting qubits, we implement the one-dimensional kicked Ising model, which exhibits nonlocal Majorana edge modes (MEMs) with
ℤ
2
parity symmetry. We find that any multiqubit Pauli operator overlapping with the MEMs exhibits a uniform late-time decay rate comparable to single-qubit relaxation rates, irrespective of its size or composition. This characteristic allows us to accurately reconstruct the exponentially localized spatial profiles of the MEMs. Furthermore, the MEMs are found to be resilient against certain symmetry-breaking noise owing to a prethermalization mechanism. Our work elucidates the complex interplay between noise and symmetry-protected edge modes in a solid-state environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Sonner
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M. Y. Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. W. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - F. Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K. Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J. C. Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - J. Basso
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - L. Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B. Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P. Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - S. Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. Eppens
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L. Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R. Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Flores
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - W. Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A. G. Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - S. Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T. Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Z. Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S. Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A. Y. Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A. N. Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P. Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K.-M. Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L. Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W. Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M. McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - A. Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Mount
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - O. Naaman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C. Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - N. Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y. Su
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M. Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G. Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T. White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z. Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P. Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N. Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H. Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D. Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E. Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S. Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Y. Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J. Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D. A. Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
East L, Potter R, Snedeker J, Haile A, Wier C, Rodino-Klapac L. VP.82 PK/PD modelling to inform clinical development of an adeno-associated virus gene transfer therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Zaidman C, Proud C, McDonald C, Mason S, Guridi M, Wang S, Reid C, Darton E, Wandel C, Lewis S, Malhotra J, Griffin D, Potter R, Rodino-Klapac L, Mendell J. P.129 One-year data from ENDEAVOR, a phase 1b trial of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in boys with DMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
11
|
Rovirosa A, Zhang Y, Chargari C, Cooper R, Wojcieszek P, Stankiewicz M, Hoskin P, van der Steen-Banas E, Segedin B, Najjari D, Potter R, Tanderup K, van Limbergen E. 3D Image-Guided Brachytherapy as Only Treatment for Stage-I Inoperable Endometrial Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of the Gynecological Cancer GEC-ESTRO Working Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
12
|
Manoharan G, Edakalathur J, Akhbari P, Potter R. 239 An Audit on The Consenting Process For Orthopaedic Surgery During The COVID Pandemic. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524492 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim The Royal College of Surgeons have published guidelines on consenting for treatment of patients when COVID-19 is present in society. Patients should be made aware that attending hospital for elective surgical procedures exposes them to the risk of contracting COVID-19, despite the stringent health and hygiene measures employed by hospitals and their staff. Our aim is to investigate whether orthopaedic patients are being appropriately consented for surgery during the COVID pandemic. Method A prospective audit of 100 consent forms was performed. The forms were examined to identify whether COVID-19 risk was documented as a potential risk of surgery. Data was also collected on consented grade, patient length of stay and any complications post-operatively. Results 56% of consent forms reviewed did not contain the risk of COVID documented in them. 34% of forms that did not state COVID risk were completed by consultants, 18% by fellows and 48% were by registrars. 24% of these patients had an in-patient length of stay of 3 or more days. 6% patients were suspected of COVID post-operatively and tested. 0% patients contracted COVID in this cohort. Conclusions The Royal College of Surgeons COVID-19 Toolkit states that the risk of contracting COVID while in hospital is 0.45%. All patients should be made aware of this risk prior to proceeding with surgery. Only 44% of patients in our hospital have had this risk discussed and documented. This compliance level has to be significantly improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Manoharan
- Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - J Edakalathur
- Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - P Akhbari
- Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - R Potter
- Robert Jones Agnes Hunt Hospital, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mendell J, Shieh P, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Lowes L, Reash N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Powers B, Woods J, Skura C, Mao H, Staudt L, Potter R, Griffin D, Lewis S, Hu L, Upadhyay S, Singh T, Rodino-Klapac L. CLINICAL TRIAL HIGHLIGHTS. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
14
|
Mendell J, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Nease C, Lowes L, Reash N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Vaiea J, Lewis S, Church K, Shell R, Potter R, Griffin D, Pozsgai E, Hogan M, Rodino-Klapac L. DMD - TREATMENT. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
15
|
Mendell J, Sahenk Z, Lehman K, Nease C, Lowes L, Miller N, Iammarino M, Alfano L, Vaiea J, Al-Zaidy S, Lewis S, Church K, Shell R, Potter R, Griffin D, Pozsgai E, Hogan M, Rodino-Klapac L. DMD – THERAPY. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
16
|
Cooper-Olson G, Potter R, Rodino-Klapac L. DMD – ANIMAL MODELS & PRECLINICAL TREATMENT. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Majercakova K, Sturdza A, Dörr E, Buschmann M, Schmid M, Potter R, Georg D, Seppenwoolde Y. Correlation of Early Morbidity (PRO/PhysRO) and External Beam Dose Volume Parameters in Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Hodgson H, Davidson D, Duncan A, Guthrie J, Henderson E, MacDiarmid M, McGown K, Pollard V, Potter R, Rodgers A, Wilson A, Horner J, Doran M, Simm S, Taylor R, Rogers A, Rippon MG, Colgrave M. A multicentre, clinical evaluation of a hydro-responsive wound dressing: the Glasgow experience. J Wound Care 2019; 26:642-650. [PMID: 29131748 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.11.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of hydro-responsive wound dressing (HRWD) in debridement and wound bed preparation of a variety of acute and chronic wounds that presented with devitalised tissue needing removal so that healing may proceed. METHOD This was a non-comparative evaluation of acute and chronic wounds that required debridement as part of their normal treatment regimen. Clinicians recorded wound changes including a subjective assessment level of devitalised tissue and wound bed preparation, presence of pain, wound status (e.g., wound size) and periwound skin condition. Data was also collected from clinicians and patients to provide information on clinical performance of the dressing. RESULTS We recruited 100 patients with a variety of wound types into the study. Over 90% of the clinicians reported removal of devitalised tissue to enable a healing response in both chronic and acute wounds. Specifically, over the course of the evaluation period, levels of devitalised tissue (necrosis and slough) reduced from 85.5% to 26.3%, and this was accompanied by an increase in wound bed granulation from 12.0% to 33.7%. Correspondingly, there was a 40% reduction in wound area, hence a clinically relevant healing response was seen upon treatment with HRWD. It is also noteworthy that this patient population included a significant proportion of chronic wounds (51.4%) that showed no signs of wound progression within <4 weeks before study inclusion. Of these chronic wounds, 93% demonstrated wound progression upon treatment with HRWD. Despite reported pain levels being low pre- and post-dressing change, overall wound pain improved (reduced) in 48% of patients. Periwound skin condition showed a tendency towards improvement, and the fluid management capabilities of the HRWD was reported as good to excellent in the majority of cases. Wound infections were reduced by at least 60% over the evaluation period. A simple cost-effective analysis demonstrated significant savings using HRWD (£6.33) over current standard practice regimens of a four-step debridement process (£8.05), larval therapy (£306.39) and mechanical pad debridement (£11.46). CONCLUSION HRWD was well tolerated and was demonstrated to be an efficient debridement tool providing rapid, effective and pain free debridement in a variety of wound types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Hodgson
- Lead Investigator, Lead Nurse Tissue Viability, Tissue Viability Acute and Partnerships, Glasgow
| | - D Davidson
- Vascular Nurse Specialist, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock
| | - A Duncan
- Vascular Nurse Specialist, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
| | - J Guthrie
- Tissue Viability Specialist Nurse, Tissue Viability Acute and Partnerships, Glasgow
| | - E Henderson
- Tissue Viability Nurse Specialist, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow
| | - M MacDiarmid
- Tissue Viability Clinical Nurse Specialist, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
| | - K McGown
- Tissue Viability Nurse, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow
| | - V Pollard
- Tissue Viability Nurse, Inverclyde Royal Hospital, Greenock
| | - R Potter
- Tissue Viability Clinical Nurse Specialist, Tissue Viability Specialist Nurses (Partnerships Glasgow)
| | - A Rodgers
- Paediatric Tissue Viability Nurse, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow
| | - A Wilson
- Tissue Viability Nurse Specialist, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley
| | - J Horner
- Tissue Viability Personal Assistant, Tissue Viability Acute and Partnerships, Glasgow
| | - M Doran
- Tissue Viability Personal Assistant, Tissue Viability Acute and Partnerships, Glasgow
| | - S Simm
- Clinical Development Manager, Hartmann Wound Care, Haywood, Lancashire
| | - R Taylor
- Nurse Advisor (North), Hartmann Wound Care, Haywood, Lancashire
| | - A Rogers
- Medical Communications, Flintshire, North Wales
| | - M G Rippon
- Visiting Clinical Research Fellow, Huddersfield University, Queensgate, Huddesfield
| | - M Colgrave
- Freelance Medical Writer, Molecular Cell Research, Lincoln
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rice F, Riglin L, Lomax T, Souter E, Potter R, Smith DJ, Thapar AK, Thapar A. Adolescent and adult differences in major depression symptom profiles. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:175-181. [PMID: 30243197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the leading global cause of disability and often begins in adolescence. The genetic architecture and treatment response profiles for adults and adolescents differ even though identical criteria are used to diagnose depression across different age groups. There is no clear consensus on how these groups differ in their symptom profiles. METHODS Using data from a two-generation family study, we compared the presentation of DSM-IV depressive symptoms in adolescents and adults with MDD (Major Depressive Disorder). We also compared DSM-IV depressive symptom counts using latent class analysis. RESULTS Vegetative symptoms (appetite and weight change, loss of energy and insomnia) were more common in adolescent MDD than adult MDD. Anhedonia/loss of interest and concentration problems were more common in adults with MDD. When using latent class analysis to look at depressive symptoms, a vegetative symptom profile was also seen in adolescent depression only. LIMITATIONS Adults and adolescents were recruited in different ways. Adolescent cases were more likely to be first-onset while adult cases were recurrences. It was not possible to examine how recurrence affected adolescent depression symptom profiles. CONCLUSION Differences in how depression presents in adolescents and adults may be consistent with different pathophysiological mechanisms. For adolescents, we found that vegetative/physical disturbances were common (loss of energy, changes in weight, appetite and sleep changes). For adults, anhedonia/loss of interest and concentration difficulties were more common.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Rice
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom.
| | - L Riglin
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - T Lomax
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - E Souter
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - R Potter
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - D J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Scotland
| | - A K Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - A Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jarinova O, Daoud H, Ghani M, Potter R, Ordorica S, Haslett V, Santos N, Derksen H, Lahey D, McGill M, Trudel V, Antoniuk B, Vasli N, Chisholm C, Mettler G, Sinclair-Bourque L, McGowan-Jordan J, Smith A, Roberts R. NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR INHERITED CARDIOMYOPATHIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICES. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
21
|
Nomden C, de Leeuw A, Tanderup K, Lindegaard J, Kirisits C, Haie-Meder C, Mahantshetty U, Hoskin P, Segedin B, Potter R, Jürgenliemk-Schulz I. Nodal Failure After Chemoradiation and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Adaptive BT in Cervical Cancer: A Subanalysis Within Embrace. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- J. Guthrie
- Tissue Viability Nurse, CNS, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
| | - R. Potter
- Tissue Viability Nurse, CNS, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orecchia R, Potter R, Debus J, Dosanjh M. SP-0304: The contribution of the ULICE project to the development of hadron therapy in Europe. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Underwood M, Lamb SE, Eldridge S, Sheehan B, Slowther A, Spencer A, Thorogood M, Atherton N, Bremner SA, Devine A, Diaz-Ordaz K, Ellard DR, Potter R, Spanjers K, Taylor SJC. Exercise for depression in care home residents: a randomised controlled trial with cost-effectiveness analysis (OPERA). Health Technol Assess 2014; 17:1-281. [PMID: 23632142 DOI: 10.3310/hta17180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many older people living in care homes (long term residential care or nursing homes) are depressed. Exercise is a promising non-drug intervention for preventing and treating depression in this population. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a 'whole-home' intervention, consisting of training for residential and nursing home staff backed up with a twice-weekly, physiotherapist-led exercise class on depressive symptoms in care home residents. DESIGN A cluster randomised controlled trial with a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare (1) the prevalence of depression in intervention homes with that in control homes in all residents contributing data 12 months after homes were randomised (cross-sectional analysis); (2) the number of depressive symptoms at 6 months between intervention and control homes in residents who were depressed at pre-randomisation baseline assessment (depressed cohort comparison); and (3) the number of depressive symptoms at 12 months between intervention and control homes in all residents who were present at pre-randomisation baseline assessment (cohort comparison). SETTING Seventy-eight care homes in Coventry and Warwickshire and north-east London. PARTICIPANTS Care home residents aged ≥ 65 years. INTERVENTIONS Control intervention: Depression awareness training programme for care home staff. Active intervention: A 'whole-home' exercise intervention, consisting of training for care home staff backed up with a twice-weekly, physiotherapist-led exercise group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Geriatric Depression Scale-15, proxy European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), cost-effectiveness from an National Health Service perspective, peripheral fractures and death. RESULTS We recruited a total of 1054 participants. Cross-sectional analysis: We obtained 595 Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores and 724 proxy EQ-5D scores. For the cohort analyses we obtained 765 baseline Geriatric Depression Scale-15 scores and 776 proxy EQ-5D scores. Of the 781 who we assessed prior to randomisation, 765 provided a Geriatric Depression Scale-15 score. Of these 374 (49%) were depressed and constitute our depressed cohort. Resource-use and quality-adjusted life-year data, based on proxy EQ-5D, were available for 798 residents recruited prior to randomisation. We delivered 3191 group exercise sessions with 31,705 person attendances and an average group size of 10 (5.3 study participants and 4.6 non-study participants). On average, our participants attended around half of the possible sessions. No serious adverse events occurred during the group exercise sessions. In the cross-sectional analysis the odds for being depressed were 0.76 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 1.09] lower in the intervention group at 12 months. The point estimates for benefit for both the cohort analysis (0.13, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.60) and depressed cohort (0.22, 95% CI -0.52 to 0.95) favoured the control intervention. There was no evidence of differences in fracture rates or mortality (odds ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.48) between the two groups. There was no evidence of differences in the other outcomes between the two groups. Economic analysis: The additional National Health Service cost of the OPERA intervention was £374 per participant (95% CI -£655 to £1404); the mean difference in quality-adjusted life-year was -0.0014 (95% CI -0.0728 to 0.0699). The active intervention was thus dominated by the control intervention, which was more effective and less costly. CONCLUSION The results do not support the use of a whole-home physical activity and moderate-intensity exercise programme to reduce depression in care home residents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN43769277. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 17, No. 18. See the Health Technology Assessment programme website for further project information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Underwood
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Westerveld H, De Leeuw A, Kirchheiner K, Dankulchai P, Tanderup K, Kirisits C, Potter R. OC-0262: Evaluation and comparison of a novel vaginal dose reporting method in 153 cervical cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)30367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
26
|
Rush E, Obolonkin V, Potter R, Graham D. Prevalence of reported asthma in children living in the Waikato Region: Relation to run speed, body fat and gender. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
27
|
Nelson GN, Potter R, Ntouvali E, Silva MJ, Boyer MI, Gelberman RH, Thomopoulos S. Intrasynovial flexor tendon repair: a biomechanical study of variations in suture application in human cadavera. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1652-9. [PMID: 22457145 PMCID: PMC3621034 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To improve the functional outcomes of intrasynovial tendon suture, prior experiments evaluated individual technical modifications used in the repair process. Few studies, however, have assessed the combinatorial effects of those suture modifications in an integrated biomechanical manner, including a sample size sufficient to make definitive observations on repair technique. Two hundred fifty-six flexor tendon repairs were performed in human cadavera, and biomechanical properties were determined. The effects of five factors for flexor tendon repair were tested: core suture caliber (4-0 or 3-0), number of sutures crossing the repair site (four- or eight-strand), core suture purchase (0.75 or 1.2 cm), peripheral suture caliber (6-0 or 5-0), and peripheral suture purchase (superficial or 2 mm). Significant factors affecting the properties of the repair were the number of core suture strands and the peripheral suture purchase. The least significant factors were core suture purchase and peripheral suture caliber. The choice of core suture caliber affected the properties of repair marginally. Based on these results, we recommend that surgeons continue to focus on multi-strand repair methods, as the properties of eight-strand repairs were far better than those of four-strand repairs. To resist gap formation and enhance repair strength, a peripheral suture with 2 mm purchase is also recommended. Finally, since core suture caliber affected some biomechanical properties, including the failure mode, a 3-0 suture could be considered, provided that future in vivo studies can confirm that gliding properties are not adversely influenced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - RH Gelberman
- Corresponding Authors: Biomechanics, Stavros Thomopoulos, Ph.D., Washington University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-8605, ; Clinical Relevance, Richard H. Gelberman, Washington University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-747-2531,
| | - S Thomopoulos
- Corresponding Authors: Biomechanics, Stavros Thomopoulos, Ph.D., Washington University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-362-8605, ; Clinical Relevance, Richard H. Gelberman, Washington University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 660 South Euclid, Campus Box 8233, St. Louis, MO 63110, Phone: 314-747-2531,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rosen A, Sanders NL, Shelton R, Potter R, Urban E. Pegasus 1: Observations of the temporal behavior of the inner zone electrons, 1965-1966. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja073i003p01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
29
|
Mohamed S, Tanderup K, Kirisits C, Potter R, Lindegaard J. OC-44 MODELS FOR BRACHYTHERAPY DOSE DE-ESCALATION IN LOW RISK LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72011-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
30
|
Schmid M, Potter R, Brader P, Kratochwil A, Goldner G, Kirchheiner K, Sturdza A, Kirisits C. PO-271 TRANSRECTAL ULTRASOUND FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF CERVIX CANCER IN THE COURSE OF PRIMARY RADIOCH EMOTHERAPY. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)72237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
31
|
|
32
|
Santoro J, Furhang E, Kim C, Whittum D, Van Heteren J, Potter R. SU-E-T-344: A Study of True Beam Linac Operation in a Varying Magnetic Field Environment. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
33
|
Lamb SE, Lall R, Hansen Z, Castelnuovo E, Withers EJ, Nichols V, Griffiths F, Potter R, Szczepura A, Underwood M. A multicentred randomised controlled trial of a primary care-based cognitive behavioural programme for low back pain. The Back Skills Training (BeST) trial. Health Technol Assess 2011; 14:1-253, iii-iv. [PMID: 20807469 DOI: 10.3310/hta14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the clinical effectiveness of active management (AM) in general practice versus AM plus a group-based, professionally led cognitive behavioural approach (CBA) for subacute and chronic low back pain (LBP) and to measure the cost of each strategy over a period of 12 months and estimate cost-effectiveness. DESIGN Pragmatic multicentred randomised controlled trial with investigator-blinded assessment of outcomes. SETTING Fifty-six general practices from seven English regions. PARTICIPANTS People with subacute and chronic LBP who were experiencing symptoms that were at least moderately troublesome. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised (in a ratio of 2:1) to receive either AM+CBA or AM alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcomes were the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMQ) and the Modified Von Korff Scale (MVK), which measure LBP and disability. Secondary outcomes included mental and physical health-related quality of life (Short Form 12-item health survey), health status, fear avoidance beliefs and pain self-efficacy. Cost-utility of CBA was considered from both the UK NHS perspective and a broader health-care perspective, including both NHS costs and costs of privately purchased goods and services related to LBP. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were calculated from the five-item EuroQoL. RESULTS Between April 2005 and April 2007, 701 participants were randomised: 233 to AM and 468 to AM+CBA. Of these, 420 were female. The mean age of participants was 54 years and mean baseline RMQ was 8.7. Outcome data were obtained for 85% of participants at 12 months. Benefits were seen across a range of outcome measures in favour of CBA with no evidence of group or therapist effects. CBA resulted in at least twice as much improvement as AM. Mean additional improvement in the CBA arm was 1.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4 to 1.7], 1.4 (95% CI 0.7 to 2.1) and 1.3 (95% CI 0.6 to 2.1) change points in the RMQ at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Additional improvement in MVK pain was 6.8 (95% CI 3.5 to 10.2), 8.0 (95% CI 4.3 to 11.7) and 7.0 (95% CI 3.2 to 10.7) points, and in MVK disability was 4.3 (95% CI 0.4 to 8.2), 8.1 (95% CI 4.1 to 12.0) and 8.4 (95% CI 4.4 to 12.4) points at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. At 12 months, 60% of the AM+CBA arm and 31% of the AM arm reported some or complete recovery. Mean cost of attending a CBA course was 187 pounds per participant with an additional benefit in QALYs of 0.099 and an additional cost of 178.06 pounds. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 1786.00 pounds. Probability of CBA being cost-effective reached 90% at about 3000 pounds and remained at that level or above; at a cost-effectiveness threshold of 20,000 pounds the CBA group had an almost 100% probability of being considered cost-effective. User perspectives on the acceptability of group treatments were sought through semi-structured interviews. Most were familiar with key messages of AM; most who had attended any group sessions had retained key messages from the sessions and two-thirds talked about a reduction in fear avoidance and changes in their behaviour. Group sessions appeared to provide reassurance, lessen isolation and enable participants to learn strategies from each other. CONCLUSIONS Long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CBA in treating subacute and chronic LBP was shown, making this intervention attractive to patients, clinicians and purchasers. Short-term (3-month) clinical effects were similar to those found in high-quality studies of other therapies and benefits were maintained and increased over the long term (12 months). Cost per QALY was about half that of competing interventions for LBP and because the intervention can be delivered by existing NHS staff following brief training, the back skills training programme could be implemented within the NHS with relative ease. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN37807450. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S E Lamb
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
van Oosterhout C, Potter R, Wright H, Cable J. Gyro-scope: an individual-based computer model to forecast gyrodactylid infections on fish hosts. Int J Parasitol 2007; 38:541-8. [PMID: 18022176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2007.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Individual-based computer models (IBM) feature prominently in current theoretical ecology but have only been applied in a small number of parasitological studies. Here we designed an IBM to simulate the infection dynamics of gyrodactylid parasites and immune defence of naïve hosts (i.e. fish previously not exposed to these parasites). We compared the results of the model with empirical data from guppies (Poecilia reticulata) infected with Gyrodactylus parasites. The laboratory experiments on guppies showed that larger fish acquired a heavier parasite load at the peak of the infection. The survival probability declined with increased body size and no fish survived a parasite load of 80 or more worms in this experiment (i.e. lethal load). The model was a good predictor of the Gyrodactylus infection dynamics of guppies and the model output was congruent with previously published data on Gyrodactylus salaris infections of salmon (Salmo salar). Computer simulations indicated that the infections persisted longer on larger hosts and that the parasite load increased exponentially with the body size of the host. Simulations furthermore predicted that the parasite load of fish with a standard length in excess of 17mm (i.e. the size of adult guppies) reached a lethal load. This suggests that in the conditions of the experiment, the immune defence of naïve guppies can offer moderate protection against gyrodactylid infections to juveniles, but not to naïve adult guppies. The model is a useful tool to forecast the development of gyrodactylid infections on single hosts and make predictions about optimal life history strategies of parasites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C van Oosterhout
- Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tittlemier SA, Van de Riet J, Burns G, Potter R, Murphy C, Rourke W, Pearce H, Cao XL, Dabekai RW, Dufresne G. Analysis of veterinary drug residues in fish and shrimp composites collected during the Canadian Total Diet Study, 1993–2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 24:14-20. [PMID: 17164212 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600932937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thirty shrimp, marine fish, freshwater fish, and canned fish composite samples collected and prepared as part of the Canadian Total Diet Study were analysed for 39 different veterinary drug residues. The analyses were undertaken to obtain baseline data that could be used to estimate the dietary exposure of Canadians to these residues. The most frequently observed residue was AOZ (four out of 30 samples), the metabolite of furazolidone, at a range of 0.50 to 2.0 ng g(-1) wet weight. Other residues detected included enrofloxacin (three samples; 0.3-0.73 ng g(-1)), leucomalachite green (three samples; 0.73-1.2 ng g(-1)), oxolinic acid (two samples; 0.3-4.3 ng g(-1)), AMOZ (the metabolite of furaltadone; one sample; 0.40 ng g(-1)), chloramphenicol (one sample; 0.40 ng g(-1)), and SEM (the metabolite of nitrofurazone; one sample; 0.8 ng g(-1)). The results of this survey indicate that Canadians are exposed to low ng g-1 concentrations of some banned and unapproved veterinary drug residues via the consumption of certain fish and shrimp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Tittlemier
- Food Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0L2.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wirth JJ, Rossano M, Calafat AM, Potter R, Puscheck E, Daly D, Paneth N, Krawetz S, Diamond MP. Pilot Study on Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations in Great Lakes Fish Consumers and their Semen Quality. Am J Epidemiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s116-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
39
|
Kiel K, Kirisits C, Berger D, Dimopoulos J, Vikram B, Potter R. A Simple Optimization System to Reduce Rectal Dose During HDR Brachytherapy for Cervix Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
40
|
Geora D, Georg P, Hillbrand M, Dieckmann K, Potter R. 174 Intensity modulated radiotherapy for gynaecological malignancies. Radiother Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
41
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dose prescription and reporting in vascular brachytherapy (VBT) is based on the assumption that the vessel wall is water equivalent, which does not consider a possible dose perturbation by plaque. As the extent of this perturbation is unknown, we aimed to quantify dose attenuation by atherosclerotic plaque for beta- and gamma-radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The dose delivered from Strontium-90/Yttrium-90 ((90)Sr/Y) and Iridium-192 ((192)Ir) sources with and without human peripheral arteries ((90)Sr/Y: n = 38, (192)Ir: n = 7) surrounding the respective delivery catheter was determined with radiochromic films. Plaque and vessel wall thickness were measured using light microscopy. From the ratio-attenuated doseunattenuated dose (dose perturbation factor: DPF) we determined averaged attenuation coefficients for atherosclerotic plaque (micro(P)) and the residual part of the vessel wall (micro(W)) by regression analysis based on the function DPF = exp(-micro(P) * plaque thickness -micro(W) * residual wall thickness). RESULTS Attenuation in case of (192)Ir was less than the measurement uncertainties. For beta-radiation correlation was found by discrimination between calcified and noncalcified plaque. Classifying noncalcified plaque as normal arterial tissue, the regression coefficient was r = 0.845 at micro(P)= 0.5356 mm(-1) and micro(W) = 0.0663 mm(-1). CONCLUSIONS Vascular brachytherapy with beta radiation in calcified arteries results in significant dose attenuation within the vessel wall, which can be calculated on knowing the vascular morphometry. Thus, plaque thickness should be taken into account in treatment planning and retrospective analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Wexberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Davies E, Bevis H, Potter R, Harris J, Williams G, Delves‐Broughton J. Research note: The effect of pH on the stability of nisin solution during autoclaving. Lett Appl Microbiol 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.t01-1-00401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Davies
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| | - H.E. Bevis
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| | - R. Potter
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| | - J. Harris
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| | - G.C. Williams
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| | - J. Delves‐Broughton
- Technical Services & Research Department, Aplin & Barrett Ltd, Beaminster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Slawson C, Pidala J, Potter R. Increased N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in primary breast carcinomas corresponds to a decrease in N-acetylglucosamine containing proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1537:147-57. [PMID: 11566258 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification on serine or threonine residues of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins has become a more recognized intracellular covalent modification. Removal of this modification is carried out by N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase). Since little information exists on monoglycosylation and O-GlcNAcase activity in mitogenic systems, we investigated O-GlcNAcase activity in primary breast tumors compared to matched normal adjacent breast tissue and examined enzymatic activity in relationship to the level of protein monoglycosylation. Using a variation of the acidic hexosaminidase activity assay, we demonstrated an increase in both O-GlcNAcase and lysosomal hexosaminidase activity in breast tumor tissue compared to matched adjacent tissue. Although no clear correlation with tumor grade or type was apparent among the samples examined (12 matched pairs), the increase in O-GlcNAcase and lysosomal hexosaminidase activity in tumor tissue was consistently elevated and statistically significant (P<0.05). Protein monoglycosylation was evaluated using immunoblotting, affinity blotting, and radioactive labeling. While the variety of modified proteins was greater in tumor tissue compared to adjacent tissue, the total amount of O-GlcNAc monoglycosylation was significantly decreased in the tumor tissue especially on proteins in the molecular mass range of 45-65 kDa. O-GlcNAcase may be involved in the selective removal of O-GlcNAc on certain proteins in breast tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Slawson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biomolecular Science, University of South Florida, 4202 Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tournade MF, Com-Nougué C, de Kraker J, Ludwig R, Rey A, Burgers JM, Sandstedt B, Godzinski J, Carli M, Potter R, Zucker JM. Optimal duration of preoperative therapy in unilateral and nonmetastatic Wilms' tumor in children older than 6 months: results of the Ninth International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms' Tumor Trial and Study. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:488-500. [PMID: 11208843 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.2.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the optimal duration of preoperative chemotherapy to further increase the proportion of stage I tumors by comparison of two regimens in the treatment of patients older than 6 months who have unilateral Wilms' tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients (n = 382) initially received four weekly doses of vincristine (VCR) and two courses of actinomycin D (AMD) and were randomized either to be operated on (4-week group [n = 193]) or to receive 4 more weeks of the same chemotherapy regimen (8-week group [n = 189]). The assessment criterion was the observed percentage of stage I tumors. After surgery, patients were assigned according to tumor stage and histology to four different treatment groups: stage I and favorable histology (n = 5) were to have no further treatment (NFT); stage I and standard histology or anaplasia (n = 244), VCR and AMD for 17 weeks (AV); stages II and III and favorable or standard histology, VCR, AMD, and an anthracycline for 27 weeks (AVE) with no abdominal radiotherapy for stage II N0 disease (n = 75) or with a 15-Gy dose of abdominal irradiation (RTH) in case of stages IIN1 and III (n = 56). Anaplastic tumors staged higher than I or clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney (14), AMD, VCR, an anthracycline, and ifosfamide for 36 weeks (DEVI). RESULTS No advantage was found in favor of prolonged preoperative treatment. The percentages obtained for the 4-week and the 8-week groups, respectively, were as follows: stage I, 64% versus 62%; intraoperative tumor rupture rate, 1% versus 3%; 2-year EFS, 84% versus 83%; and 5-year OS, 92% versus 87%. Two-year EFS and 5-year OS rates, respectively, of the different treatment groups were as follows: NFT, 100% for both EFS and OS; AV, 88% and 93%; AVE, 84% and 88%; AVE RTH, 71% and 85%; and DEVI, 71% and 71%. The rate of abdominal recurrences in stage II N0 nonirradiated patients was 6.6%. CONCLUSION The 4-week schedule pre-nephrectomy chemotherapy regimen should be considered the standard treatment. Clinical trials should continue to improve the cure rate of high-risk patients and the quality of life of children with a more favorable prognosis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sharp PJ, Johnston S, Brown G, McIntosh RA, Pallotta M, Carter M, Bariana HS, Khatkar S, Lagudah ES, Singh RP, Khairallah M, Potter R, Jones MGK. Validation of molecular markers for wheat breeding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1071/ar01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Five sets of markers were assessed for their usefulness in breeding, two
linked to wheat stem rust gene Sr2, several markers
linked to a chromosome segment conferring
Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 resistance, two reported markers
for the linked genes Lr35 andSr39,
one for Lr28, and one linked to flour colour. The gene
for Sr2 confers adult plant resistance to stem rust
(Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici)
and was originally transferred to bread wheat from the tetraploid emmer
(‘Yaroslav’) to the cultivars Hope and H-44. The gene is located
on the short arm of chromosome 3B and confers a durable adult plant resistance
to stem rust usually expressed only in the field. The chromosome segment
carrying the Lr37, Sr38,
Yr17 resistance genes is located on 2AS and was
originally introduced into wheat through an
Aegilops ventricosa
Triticum persicum cross, followed by a cross to the
cultivar Marne (VPM1). The flour colour quantitative trait locus was
originally described in a Yarralinka Schomburg cross and is located on
chromosome 7A. The primers as originally developed required optimisation for
more routine use in a breeding program.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang W, Carter M, Matsay S, Stoutjesdijk P, Potter R, Jones MGK, Kleven S, Wilson RE, Larkin PJ, Turner M, Gale KR. Implementation of probes for tracing chromosome segments conferring barley yellow dwarf virus resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1071/ar01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two PCR-based assays were examined for tracing the presence of a
Thinopyrum chromosome segment (Tc6 or Tc14) conferring
barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance in wheat breeding lines. The
microsatellite gwm37 was used to assay the Thinopyrum
chromosome segment or its wheat, Group 7, homoeologous segment, and was
effective in characterising breeders material since heterozygous lines could
be identified. A new set of primers derived from a
Thinopyrum-specific DNA segment (csTiB1) provided a
dominant marker that was readily scored by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was
also demonstrated that the csTiB1 primers could be used to establish a solid
phase PCR assay that avoided the requirement for gel electrophoresis and was
amenable to use in a high-throughput, microtitre plate format. Depending on
the number of DNA samples to be assayed, both primer pairs appear to have a
place in breeding programs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Fellner C, Potter R, Knockel T, Gerstner N, Steffal C, Wambersie A. 4CT-based treatment planning in cervix carcioma — dose reduction to the rectum and its impact on the dose to the CTV: A retrospective analysis. Radiother Oncol 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(01)80011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
McCormack DG, Mehta S, Tyml K, Scott JA, Potter R, Rohan M. Pulmonary microvascular changes during sepsis: evaluation using intravital videomicroscopy. Microvasc Res 2000; 60:131-40. [PMID: 10964587 DOI: 10.1006/mvre.2000.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary microvascular changes occur during sepsis. These include abnormal vascular reactivity, leukocyte sequestration, and leakage of protein into the alveoli. Based on intravital videomicroscopy we have developed a method to directly assess in vivo the changes that occur in the pulmonary microcirculation in a rat model of sepsis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control or sepsis groups. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and perforation. Twenty four hours later, rats were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and their lung prepared for intravital videomicroscopy. A specially designed transparent thoracic window was inserted into the chest wall. The dependent surface of the lung was superfused with saline solution and visualized with an inverted microscope. Vascular contractility, to phenylephrine, (PE) and hypoxia of small (15-25 microm in diameter) and medium (40-50 microm) arterioles was examined. Leukocyte traffic in the pulmonary microcirculation was studied after in vivo labeling of leukocytes with Rhodamine and visualized with fluorescence microscopy. Leak of albumin into the alveolar space was measured with FITC-labeled albumin and fluorescence microscopy. Both small and medium sized pulmonary arterioles in septic animals exhibited attenuated vascular contractility to phenylephrine, but only medium-sized arterioles displayed hypocontractility to hypoxia. Further, in septic animals there was an increase in both the number of stationary leukocytes in the pulmonary microcirculation and an increase in alveolar capillary protein leak. We conclude: (1) direct visualization of the pulmonary microvascular pressor response to hypoxia and PE in the rat is possible using this technique, (2) similar to previous in vitro studies with larger vessels, pulmonary arterioles have an attenuated contractile response to PE and hypoxia in sepsis, and (3) there is an increase in both the number of stationary leukocytes and protein leak into the alveolus in the lungs of septic animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G McCormack
- The A.C. Burton Vascular Biology Laboratory, London Health Sciences Centre-Victoria Campus, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tjokrokusumo D, Heinrich T, Wylie S, Potter R, McComb J. Vacuum infiltration of Petunia hybrida pollen with Agrobacterium tumefaciens to achieve plant transformation. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:792-797. [PMID: 30754871 DOI: 10.1007/s002990050009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Genetic transformation of Petunia hybrida with a reporter gene and selectable marker gene (35S-bar) was achieved in similar frequencies by pollinating flowers with pollen vacuum-infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens or applying a drop of Agrobacterium suspension to the stigma immediately prior to pollination. Nine percent of the T1, and 5% of the T2 progeny germinated in nutrient medium with 3 mgl/l BastaR. Polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that of the BastaR-resistant plants, 66% of the T1 plants, and 61% of the T2 plants harboured the GUS gene. Histochemical assays showed that 10% of the putatively transformed T1 plants and 5% of their progeny expressed GUS in leaf tissue, pistils and young anthers. Southern hybridization confirmed genomic integration of the bar gene in one to three places in selected T1 and T2 progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Tjokrokusumo
- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western, Australia e-mail: Fax: 61-89-3606303, , , , , , AU
| | - T Heinrich
- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western, Australia e-mail: Fax: 61-89-3606303, , , , , , AU
| | - S Wylie
- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western, Australia e-mail: Fax: 61-89-3606303, , , , , , AU
| | - R Potter
- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western, Australia e-mail: Fax: 61-89-3606303, , , , , , AU
| | - J McComb
- Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Western, Australia e-mail: Fax: 61-89-3606303, , , , , , AU
| |
Collapse
|