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Magnetoelastic standing waves induced in UO 2 by microsecond magnetic field pulses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110555118. [PMID: 34911757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110555118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelastic dilatometry of the piezomagnetic antiferromagnet UO2 was performed via the fiber Bragg grating method in magnetic fields up to 150 T generated by a single-turn coil setup. We show that in microsecond timescales, pulsed-magnetic fields excite mechanical resonances at temperatures ranging from 10 to 300 K, in the paramagnetic as well as within the robust antiferromagnetic state of the material. These resonances, which are barely attenuated within the 100-µs observation window, are attributed to the strong magnetoelastic coupling in UO2 combined with the high crystalline quality of the single crystal samples. They compare well with mechanical resonances obtained by a resonant ultrasound technique and superimpose on the known nonmonotonic magnetostriction background. A clear phase shift of π in the lattice oscillations is observed in the antiferromagnetic state when the magnetic field overcomes the piezomagnetic switch field H[Formula: see text] T. We present a theoretical argument that explains this unexpected behavior as a result of the reversal of the antiferromagnetic order parameter at Hc.
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Hurley DH, El-Azab A, Bryan MS, Cooper MWD, Dennett CA, Gofryk K, He L, Khafizov M, Lander GH, Manley ME, Mann JM, Marianetti CA, Rickert K, Selim FA, Tonks MR, Wharry JP. Thermal Energy Transport in Oxide Nuclear Fuel. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3711-3762. [PMID: 34919381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To efficiently capture the energy of the nuclear bond, advanced nuclear reactor concepts seek solid fuels that must withstand unprecedented temperature and radiation extremes. In these advanced fuels, thermal energy transport under irradiation is directly related to reactor performance as well as reactor safety. The science of thermal transport in nuclear fuel is a grand challenge as a result of both computational and experimental complexities. Here we provide a comprehensive review of thermal transport research on two actinide oxides: one currently in use in commercial nuclear reactors, uranium dioxide (UO2), and one advanced fuel candidate material, thorium dioxide (ThO2). In both materials, heat is carried by lattice waves or phonons. Crystalline defects caused by fission events effectively scatter phonons and lead to a degradation in fuel performance over time. Bolstered by new computational and experimental tools, researchers are now developing the foundational work necessary to accurately model and ultimately control thermal transport in advanced nuclear fuels. We begin by reviewing research aimed at understanding thermal transport in perfect single crystals. The absence of defects enables studies that focus on the fundamental aspects of phonon transport. Next, we review research that targets defect generation and evolution. Here the focus is on ion irradiation studies used as surrogates for damage caused by fission products. We end this review with a discussion of modeling and experimental efforts directed at predicting and validating mesoscale thermal transport in the presence of irradiation defects. While efforts in these research areas have been robust, challenging work remains in developing holistic tools to capture and predict thermal energy transport across widely varying environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Hurley
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Anter El-Azab
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthew S Bryan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael W D Cooper
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Cody A Dennett
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Krzysztof Gofryk
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Lingfeng He
- Idaho National Laboratory, 1955 North Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Marat Khafizov
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Ave, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gerard H Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael E Manley
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - J Matthew Mann
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Directorate, 2241 Avionics Circle, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Chris A Marianetti
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Karl Rickert
- KBR, 2601 Mission Point Boulevard, Suite 300, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Farida A Selim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bowling Green State University, 705 Ridge Street, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Michael R Tonks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 158 Rhines Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Janelle P Wharry
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, 701 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Ratcliff LE, Genovese L, Park H, Littlewood PB, Lopez-Bezanilla A. Exploring metastable states in UO 2using hybrid functionals and dynamical mean field theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:094003. [PMID: 34818628 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3cf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A detailed exploration of thef-atomic orbital occupancy space for UO2is performed using a first principles approach based on density functional theory (DFT), employing a full hybrid functional within a systematic basis set. Specifically, the PBE0 functional is combined with an occupancy biasing scheme implemented in a wavelet-based algorithm which is adapted to large supercells. The results are compared with previous DFT +Ucalculations reported in the literature, while dynamical mean field theory is also performed to provide a further base for comparison. This work shows that the computational complexity of the energy landscape of a correlatedf-electron oxide is much richer than has previously been demonstrated. The resulting calculations provide evidence of the existence of multiple previously unexplored metastable electronic states of UO2, including those with energies which are lower than previously reported ground states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Ratcliff
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Genovese
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INAC-SP2M, L_Sim, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hyowon Park
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Peter B Littlewood
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States of America
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Bezanilla
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America
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Caciuffo R, Lander GH. X-ray synchrotron radiation studies of actinide materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:1692-1708. [PMID: 34738923 PMCID: PMC8570219 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521009413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
By reviewing a selection of X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant X-ray scattering (RXS), X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), resonant and non-resonant inelastic scattering (RIXS, NIXS), and dispersive inelastic scattering (IXS) experiments, the potential of synchrotron radiation techniques in studying lattice and electronic structure, hybridization effects, multipolar order and lattice dynamics in actinide materials is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerard H. Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Raauf A, Leduc J, Frank M, Stadler D, Graf D, Wilhelm M, Grosch M, Mathur S. Magnetic Field-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of UO2 Thin Films. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1915-1921. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Raauf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer Leduc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Stadler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - David Graf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Grosch
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany
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Lander GH, Caciuffo R. The fifty years it has taken to understand the dynamics of UO 2in its ordered state. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:374001. [PMID: 31035272 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab1dc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 1966 Roger Cowley (together with Gerald Dolling) reported the first neutron inelastic scattering from the magnetic excitations from UO2below its antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of 30 K. They showed the strong magnon-phonon coupling in this material and that the excitations appeared to contain an additional mode that was not anticipated. Cowley never returned to UO2, but showed a keen interest in the developments. Forty years after this pioneering work, unambiguous evidence was found (using resonance x-ray techniques) for the ordering belowTNof the electric quadrupoles involving the anisotropy of the 5f chargedistribution around the uranium nuclei. A further 10 years later, now armed with a full theory for the excitation spectrum expected for phonons, magnons, and quadrupoles, we can identify the latter as the source of the 'extra' mode reported first in 1966. The story is a long winding one, with the expected serendipity and dead ends, but is now (almost) completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Lander
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Caciuffo
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Piezomagnetism and magnetoelastic memory in uranium dioxide. Nat Commun 2017; 8:99. [PMID: 28740123 PMCID: PMC5524652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal and magnetic properties of uranium dioxide, a prime nuclear fuel and thoroughly studied actinide material, remain a long standing puzzle, a result of strong coupling between magnetism and lattice vibrations. The magnetic state of this cubic material is characterized by a 3-k non-collinear antiferromagnetic structure and multidomain Jahn-Teller distortions, likely related to its anisotropic thermal properties. Here we show that single crystals of uranium dioxide subjected to strong magnetic fields along threefold axes in the magnetic state exhibit the abrupt appearance of positive linear magnetostriction, leading to a trigonal distortion. Upon reversal of the field the linear term also reverses sign, a hallmark of piezomagnetism. A switching phenomenon occurs at ±18 T, which persists during subsequent field reversals, demonstrating a robust magneto-elastic memory that makes uranium dioxide the hardest piezomagnet known. A model including a strong magnetic anisotropy, elastic, Zeeman, Heisenberg exchange, and magnetoelastic contributions to the total energy is proposed. The nuclear fuel uranium dioxide is of intrinsic interest due to its industrial applications but it also exhibits intriguing electronic and magnetic properties. Here, the authors demonstrate how its complex magnetic structure and interactions give rise to a strong piezomagnetic effect.
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Gofryk K, Du S, Stanek CR, Lashley JC, Liu XY, Schulze RK, Smith JL, Safarik DJ, Byler DD, McClellan KJ, Uberuaga BP, Scott BL, Andersson DA. Anisotropic thermal conductivity in uranium dioxide. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4551. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Dorado B, Freyss M, Amadon B, Bertolus M, Jomard G, Garcia P. Advances in first-principles modelling of point defects in UO2: f electron correlations and the issue of local energy minima. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:333201. [PMID: 23893864 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/33/333201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a significant amount of work has been devoted to point defect behaviour in UO2 using approximations beyond density functional theory (DFT), in particular DFT + U and hybrid functionals for correlated electrons. We review the results of these studies from calculations of bulk UO2 properties to the more recent determination of activation energies for self-diffusion in UO2, as well as a comparison with their experimental counterparts. We also discuss the efficiency of the three known methods developed to circumvent the presence of metastable states, namely occupation matrix control, U-ramping and quasi-annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dorado
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France.
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Roy LE, Durakiewicz T, Martin RL, Peralta JE, Scuseria GE, Olson CG, Joyce JJ, Guziewicz E. Dispersion in the Mott insulator UO2: A comparison of photoemission spectroscopy and screened hybrid density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2288-94. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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First-order Phase Transition in UO2: The Interplay of the 5f2–5f2 Superexchange Interaction and Jahn–Teller Effect. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(03)44040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Kalvius G, Noakes D, Hartmann O. Chapter 206 μSR studies of rare-earth and actinide magnetic materials. HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(01)32005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Osborn R, Taylor AD, Bowden ZA, Hackett MA, Hayes W, Hutchings MT, Amoretti G, Caciuffo R, Blaise A, Fournier JM. High-resolution neutron spectroscopy of crystal-field excitations in uranium dioxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/21/26/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chapter 130 Neutron inelastic scattering from actinides and anomalous lanthanides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1273(05)80059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Amoretti G, Blaise A, Caciuffo R, Fournier JM, Hutchings MT, Osborn R, Taylor AD. 5f-electron states in uranium dioxide investigated using high-resolution neutron spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1989; 40:1856-1870. [PMID: 9992047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.40.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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