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Didiasova M, Banning A, Brennenstuhl H, Jung-Klawitter S, Cinquemani C, Opladen T, Tikkanen R. Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency: An Update. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020477. [PMID: 32093054 PMCID: PMC7072817 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADH-D) is a genetic disorder that results from the aberrant metabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). The disease is caused by impaired activity of the mitochondrial enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. SSADH-D manifests as varying degrees of mental retardation, autism, ataxia, and epileptic seizures, but the clinical picture is highly heterogeneous. So far, there is no approved curative therapy for this disease. In this review, we briefly summarize the molecular genetics of SSADH-D, the past and ongoing clinical trials, and the emerging features of the molecular pathogenesis, including redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction. The main aim of this review is to discuss the potential of further therapy approaches that have so far not been tested in SSADH-D, such as pharmacological chaperones, read-through drugs, and gene therapy. Special attention will also be paid to elucidating the role of patient advocacy organizations in facilitating research and in the communication between researchers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Antje Banning
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Heiko Brennenstuhl
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | - Sabine Jung-Klawitter
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | | | - Thomas Opladen
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Department of General Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (H.B.); (S.J.-K.); (T.O.)
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-641-9947-420
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Chronic administration of methylmalonate on young rats alters neuroinflammatory markers and spatial memory. Immunobiology 2013; 218:1175-83. [PMID: 23726524 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The methylmalonic acidemia is an inborn error of metabolism (IEM) characterized by methylmalonic acid (MMA) accumulation in body fluids and tissues, causing neurological dysfunction, mitochondrial failure and oxidative stress. Although neurological evidence demonstrate that infection and/or inflammation mediators facilitate metabolic crises in patients, the involvement of neuroinflammatory processes in the neuropathology of this organic acidemia is not yet established. In this experimental study, we used newborn Wistar rats to induce a model of chronic acidemia via subcutaneous injections of methylmalonate (MMA, from 5th to 28th day of life, twice a day, ranged from 0.72 to 1.67 μmol/g as a function of animal age). In the following days (29th-31st) animal behavior was assessed in the object exploration test and elevated plus maze. It was performed differential cell and the number of neutrophils counting and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the blood, as well as levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the cerebral cortex were measured. Behavioral tests showed that animals injected chronically with MMA have a reduction in the recognition index (R.I.) when the objects were arranged in a new configuration space, but do not exhibit anxiety-like behaviors. The blood of MMA-treated animals showed a decrease in the number of polymorphonuclear and neutrophils, and an increase in mononuclear and other cell types, as well as an increase of IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Concomitantly, MMA increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and expression of iNOS and 3-NT in the cerebral cortex of rats. The overall results indicate that chronic administration of MMA increased pro-inflammatory markers in the cerebral cortex, reduced immune system defenses in blood, and coincide with the behavioral changes found in young rats. This leads to speculate that, through mechanisms not yet elucidated, the neuroinflammatory processes during critical periods of development may contribute to the progression of cognitive impairment in patients with methylmalonic acidemia.
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Goyenechea E, Andrade F, de Las Heras J, Lage S, Prieto JÁ, Ruiz N, Aldámiz-Echevarría L. Expression of proinflammatory factors in renal cortex induced by methylmalonic acid. Ren Fail 2012; 34:885-91. [PMID: 22583396 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2012.684554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic aciduria is an inborn error of metabolism that causes renal failure and tubulointerstitial (TI) nephritis as complications. This study aimed to examine the levels of expression of several genes related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function in the renal cortex of rats receiving methylmalonic acid (MMA). METHODS Rats received MMA subcutaneously for a month. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) genes were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We also examined transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) related to TI fibrosis, c-FOS, belonging to the immediate early gene family of transcription factors, and expression of SIRT1, related to energy production. RESULTS There was significantly higher expression of TNFα and a trend toward a higher level of TGF-β transcripts in the methylmalonic model group compared with the controls. However, SIRT1 expression was not different among the groups. Urinary MMA excretion correlated positively with mRNA level of TGF-β. The expression of COX-2 was positively associated with the expression of c-FOS and inversely related to the expression of IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS The higher levels of TNFα and TGF-β transcripts suggest inflammation and differentiation processes in the renal cortex in rats because of MMA. After 1 month of MMA injections, expression levels of SIRT1 were not affected, suggesting mitochondrial preservation in early stages of the disease.
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Mitochondrial energy metabolism in neurodegeneration associated with methylmalonic acidemia. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2011; 43:39-46. [PMID: 21271280 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is one of the most prevalent inherited metabolic disorders involving neurological deficits. In vitro experiments, animal model studies and tissue analyses from human patients suggest extensive impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism in this disease. This review summarizes changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism occurring in methylmalonic acidemia, focusing mainly on the effects of accumulated methylmalonic acid, and gives an overview of the results found in different experimental models. Overall, experiments to date suggest that mitochondrial impairment in this disease occurs through a combination of the inhibition of specific enzymes and transporters, limitation in the availability of substrates for mitochondrial metabolic pathways and oxidative damage.
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Vianna LP, Delwing D, Kurek AG, Breier AC, Kreutz F, Chiarani F, Stefanello FM, Wyse AT, Trindade VMT. Effects of chronic proline administration on lipid contents of rat brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:567-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/07/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana C. Breier
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BioquímicaICBS, UFRGSBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Angela T.S. Wyse
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BioquímicaICBS, UFRGSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaICBSUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
| | - Vera M. Treis Trindade
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em BioquímicaICBS, UFRGSBrazil
- Departamento de BioquímicaICBSUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulRua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 AnexoCEP 90035‐003Porto AlegreRSBrazil
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Stefanello FM, Kreutz F, Scherer EBS, Breier AC, Vianna LP, Trindade VMT, Wyse ATS. Reduction of gangliosides, phospholipids and cholesterol content in cerebral cortex of rats caused by chronic hypermethioninemia. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:473-7. [PMID: 17890041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction is observed in patients with severe hypermethioninemia, whose physiopathology is still poorly understood. In the current study we investigated the effect of chronic administration of methionine on the content and species of gangliosides and phospholipids, as well as on the concentration of cholesterol in rat cerebral cortex. Wistar rats received subcutaneous injections of methionine (1.34-2.68 micromol/g of body weight), twice a day, from the 6th to the 28th day of age and controls received saline. Animals were killed 12h after the last injection. Results showed that methionine administration significantly decreased the total content of lipids in cerebral cortex of rats. We also observed that this amino acid significantly reduced the absolute quantity of the major brain gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b) and phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine). We also showed that Na+,K+-ATPase activity and TBARS were changed in cerebral cortex of rats subjected to hypermethioninemia. If confirmed in human beings, these data could suggest that the alteration in lipid composition, Na+,K+-ATPase activity and TBARS caused by methionine might contribute to the neurophysiopathology observed in hypermethioninemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli M Stefanello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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7
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Ramirez MR, Muraro F, Zylbersztejn DS, Abel CR, Arteni NS, Lavinsky D, Netto CA, Trindade VMT. Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduces ganglioside, phospholipid and cholesterol contents in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2003; 46:339-47. [PMID: 12804795 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(03)00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia is a common cause of neonatal brain damage producing serious impact on cerebral maturation. This report demonstrates that rats submitted to hypoxia-ischemia present a marked decrease in hippocampal gangliosides, phospholipids and cholesterol contents as from 7 days after the injury. Although chromatographic profiles of the different ganglioside species (GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b) from the hippocampus of hypoxic-ischemic hippocampi groups (HI) were apparently unaffected, as compared with controls, there were quantitative absolute reductions in HI. The phospholipid patterns were altered in HI as from the 14th to the 30th day after the injury, where phosphatidylcholine (PC) quantities were higher than phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); additionally, the cardiolipin band was detected only in hippocampi of control adult rats. In general, the absolute quantities of phospholipids were lower in HI than in correspondent controls since 7th day after the injury. Considering that reported effects were maintained, we suggest they express a late biochemical response triggered by the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic episode; the consequences would be cell death and a delay on brain development, expressed by a reduction on synaptogenesis and myelinogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rosana Ramirez
- Departamento de Bioqui;mica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-Anexo, CEP 90 035-003, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Trindade VMT, Brusque AM, Raasch JR, Pettenuzzo LE, Rocha HP, Wannmacher CMD, Wajne M. Ganglioside alterations in the central nervous system of rats chronically injected with methylmalonic and propionic acids. Metab Brain Dis 2002; 17:93-102. [PMID: 12083341 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015464028616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurological dysfunction and structural cerebral abnormalities are commonly found in patients with methylmalonic and propionic acidemia. However, the mechanisms underlying the neuropathology of these disorders are poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that methylmalonic and propionic acids induce a significant reduction of ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid in the brain of rats subjected to chronic administration of these metabolites. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effects of chronic administration of methylmalonic (MMA) and propionic (PA) acids (from the 6th to the 28th day of life) on the distribution and composition of gangliosides in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of rats. Control rats were treated with the same volumes of saline. It was first verified that MMA and PA treatment did not modify body, cerebellum, or cortical weight, nor the ganglioside concentration in the cerebral cortex of the animals. In contrast, a significant reduction in total ganglioside content in the cerebellum of approximately 20-30% and 50% of control levels occurred in rats injected with MMA and PA, respectively. Moreover, chronic MMA and PA administration did not interfere with the ganglioside pattern in the cerebral cortex, whereas the distribution of individual gangliosides was altered in the cerebellum of MMA- and PA-treated animals. Rats injected with MMA demonstrated a marked decrease in GM1 and GD3, whereas chronic PA treatment provoked a significant reduction of all ganglioside species, with the exception of an increase in GM2. Since gangliosides are closely related to the dendritic surface and other neural membranes, indirectly reflecting synaptogenesis, these ganglioside abnormalities may be associated with the brain damage found in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M T Trindade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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9
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Brusque A, Rotta L, Pettenuzzo LF, Junqueira D, Schwarzbold CV, Wyse AT, Wannmacher CM, Dutra-Filho CS, Wajner M. Chronic postnatal administration of methylmalonic acid provokes a decrease of myelin content and ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid concentration in cerebrum of young rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:227-31. [PMID: 11175498 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA) comparable to those of human methylmalonic acidemia were achieved in blood (2-2.5 mmol/l) and brain (1.35 umol/g) of rats by administering buffered MMA, pH 7.4, subcutaneously twice a day from the 5th to the 28th day of life. MMA doses ranged from 0.76 to 1.67 umol/g as a function of animal age. Control rats were treated with saline in the same volumes. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation on the 28th day of age. Blood was taken and the brain was rapidly removed. Medulla, pons, the olfactory lobes and cerebellum were discarded and the rest of the brain ("cerebrum") was isolated. Body and "cerebrum" weight were measured, as well as the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in blood and the content of myelin, total lipids, and the concentrations of the lipid fractions (cholesterol, glycerolipids, phospholipids and ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid (ganglioside-NANA)) in the "cerebrum". Chronic MMA administration had no effect on body or "cerebrum" weight, suggesting that the metabolites per se neither affect the appetite of the rats nor cause malnutrition. In contrast, MMA caused a significant reduction of plasma triglycerides, but not of plasma cholesterol levels. A significant diminution of myelin content and of ganglioside-NANA concentration was also observed in the "cerebrum". We propose that the reduction of myelin content and ganglioside-NANA caused by MMA may be related to the delayed myelination/cerebral atrophy and neurological dysfunction found in methylmalonic acidemic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brusque
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto das Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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10
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Silva AR, Ruschel C, Helegda C, Brusque AM, Wannmacher CM, Wajner M, Dustra-Filho CS. Inhibition of rat brain lipid synthesis in vitro by 4-hydroxybutyric acid. Metab Brain Dis 1999; 14:157-64. [PMID: 10646691 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020658624567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxybutyric acid (4HB) is accumulated in succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, an inherited metabolic disease severely affecting the CNS during postnatal development. Thus, the present study was designed to evaluate the in vitro influence of 4HB on lipid synthesis and CO2 production from [U-14C] acetate in cerebral cortex of 30-day-old Wistar rats. In the presence of 4HB, there was an inhibition of lipid synthesis in cerebral cortex prisms and homogenates. However, no inhibition of lipid synthesis occurred in the homogenates free of nuclei and mitochondria. In addition, CO2 production was inhibited by 4HB in cerebral cortex prisms, and homogenates and in the mitochondrial fraction. These results might possibly be explained by an impairment of mitochondrial metabolism by 4HB which may secondarily inhibit lipid synthesis. The results reported here may help to better understand the neuropathophysiology of 4-hydroxybutyric aciduria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Ciencias Basicas da Saude, Departamento de Bioquimica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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de Mattos-Dutra A, Sampaio de Freitas M, Wajner M, Pessoa-Pureur R. Propionic and methylmalonic acids inhibit the in vitro phosphorylation of a 85 kDa cytoskeletal protein from cerebral cortex of rats. Neurochem Int 1998; 33:407-14. [PMID: 9874091 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-0186(98)00044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study we examine the action of methylmalonic (MMA) and propionic (PA) acids, metabolites which accumulate in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias respectively, on the endogenous phosphorylating system associated with the cytoskeletal fraction of cerebral cortex of young rats. Chronic treatment with PA and treatment of tissue slices with MMA or PA are effective in decreasing the in vitro phosphorylation into a 85 kDa cytoskeletal associated protein. We tested the effect of the acids on the endogenous kinase activities by using specific kinase activators and inhibitors. Results demonstrated that the acids interfere with the endogenous cAMP-dependent and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase activities. Furthermore, in vitro dephosphorylation of the 85 kDa protein was totally inhibited in brain slices treated with the acids. Considering the importance of protein phosphorylation to cellular function, we speculate that alteration in the phosphorylating level of cytoskeletal associated phosphoproteins induced by MMA and PA treatments may somehow be involved in steps leading to brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Mattos-Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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12
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De Mattos-Dutra A, De Freitas MS, Schröder N, Zilles AC, Wajner M, Pessoa-Pureur R. Methylmalonic acid reduces the in vitro phosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats. Brain Res 1997; 763:221-31. [PMID: 9296563 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work was undertaken to determine the action of methylmalonic acid (MMA), a metabolite, which accumulates in high amounts in methylmalonic acidemia, on the endogenous phosphorylating system associated with the cytoskeletal fraction proteins of cerebral cortex of young rats. We demonstrated that pre-treatment of cerebral cortex slices of young rats with 2.5 mM buffered methylmalonic acid (MMA) is effective in decreasing in vitro incorporation of [32P]ATP into neurofilament subunits (NF-M and NF-L) and alpha- and beta-tubulins. Based on the fact that this system contains cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), we first tested the effect of MMA on the kinase activities by using the specific activators cAMP and Ca2+/calmodulin or the inhibitors PKAI or KN-93 for PKA and CaMKII, respectively. We observed that MMA totally inhibited the stimulatory effect of cAMP and interfered with the inhibitory effect of PKAI. In addition, the metabolite partially prevented the stimulatory effect of Ca2+/calmodulin and interfered with the effect of KN-93. Furthermore, in vitro dephosphorylation of neurofilament subunits and tubulins was totally inhibited in brain slices pre-treated with MMA. Taken together, these results suggest that MMA, at the same concentrations found in tissues of methylmalonic acidemic children, inhibits the in vitro activities of PKA, CaMKII and PP1 associated with the cytoskeletal fraction of the cerebral cortex of rats, a fact that may be involved with the pathogenesis of the neurological dysfunction characteristic of methylmalonic acidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Mattos-Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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13
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Podell M, Shelton GD, Nyhan WL, Wagner SO, Genders A, Oglesbee M, Fenner WR. Methylmalonic and malonic aciduria in a dog with progressive encephalomyelopathy. Metab Brain Dis 1996; 11:239-47. [PMID: 8869944 PMCID: PMC7089197 DOI: 10.1007/bf02237961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/1995] [Accepted: 02/08/1996] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A 12 week old female Labrador retriever dog with signs of progressive diffuse degeneration of the brain and spinal cord was found to have methylmalonic and malonic aciduria. Over a 5 month period, the dog developed neurologic signs compatible with disease of the central nervous system with predominant diffuse cerebral and right lateralizing brainstem deficits. Gross pathological examination of the brain showed that the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles of the brain were markedly enlarged and associated with white and grey matter atrophy. Syringomyelia and hydromyelia of the central canal into the dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord beginning at the level of the cervical intumescence and extending to the lumbar intumescence was also present. Significant biochemical abnormalities include methylmalonic and malonic aciduria, mild lactic and pyruvic aciduria. There was also accumulation of citric acid cycle intermediates including succinic, aconitic, and fumaric acids. Disordered fatty acid oxidation was suggested by increased excretion of adipic, ethylmalonic, suberic and sebacic acids. Neither ketoacidosis nor hyperammonemia were present, and serum cobalamin levels were normal. Overall, this dog demonstrates an inborn error of metabolism resulting in abnormal organic acid accumulation associated with a neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Podell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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14
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de Mello CF, Begnini J, Jiménez-Bernal RE, Rubin MA, de Bastiani J, da Costa E, Wajner M. Intrastriatal methylmalonic acid administration induces rotational behavior and convulsions through glutamatergic mechanisms. Brain Res 1996; 721:120-5. [PMID: 8793091 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of intrastriatal administration of methylmalonic acid (MMA), a metabolite that accumulates in methylmalonic aciduria, on behavior of adult male Wistar rats was investigated. After cannula placing, rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of MMA (buffered to pH 7.4 with NaOH) or NaCl. MMA induced rotational behavior toward the contralateral side of injection and clonic convulsions in a dose-dependent manner. Rotational behavior and convulsions were prevented by intrastriatal preadministration of MK-801 and attenuated by preadministration of succinate. This study provides evidence for a participation of NMDA receptors in the MMA-induced behavioral alterations, where succinate dehydrogenase inhibition seems to have a pivotal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F de Mello
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil.
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15
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Dutra JC, Dutra-Filho CS, Cardozo SE, Wannmacher CM, Sarkis JJ, Wajner M. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activities by methylmalonate in brain and liver of developing rats. J Inherit Metab Dis 1993; 16:147-53. [PMID: 8487494 DOI: 10.1007/bf00711328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of methylmalonate (MMA) on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) activities in brain and liver of 15-day-old rats were studied. The apparent Km of SDH for succinate was 0.45 mmol/L in brain and 0.34 mmol/L in liver. MMA inhibited the enzyme activity in both tissues with Ki values of 4.5 mmol/L and 2.3 mmol/L in brain and liver, respectively, and the inhibition was of the reversible competitive type. The calculated Km for HBDH with beta-hydroxybutyrate as substrate was 1.26 mmol/L in brain and 0.36 mmol/L in liver. MMA inhibited the enzyme with a Ki value of 0.015 mmol/L in brain and 0.275 mmol/L in liver. These results are probably relevant to our understanding of cerebral metabolism in methylmalonic acidaemic children, especially during ketoacidotic and hypoglycaemic crises, and may be related to the pathogenesis of cerebral dysfunction of methylmalonic acidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Alegre-RS, Brazil
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Rubin MA, Wannmacher CM, Valente GB, Camargo MM, Pureur RP. Diminished concentration of the NF-H subunit of neurofilaments in cerebral cortex of rats chronically treated with proline, methylmalonate and phenylalanine plus alpha-methylphenylalanine. J Inherit Metab Dis 1992; 15:252-60. [PMID: 1527992 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wistar rats from the same litter were randomly divided into four groups and received subcutaneously from the 6th to 28th day post partum one of the following drugs: L-proline, methylmalonate, L-phenylalanine plus alpha-methylphenylalanine, or equivalent volumes of 0.9% (w/v) saline (controls). On day 30, the animals were killed, the brain was removed and the cerebral cortex and cerebellum was immediately dissected. Total intermediate filament fraction (IF) was obtained from cerebral cortex and cerebellum by using a high-salt phosphate-buffered solution supplemented by 1% Triton X-100. The pellet contained the bulk of the IF proteins. Following SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, these proteins were identified as the 200, 150 and 68 kD subunits of neurofilaments (NF-H, NF-M and NF-L, respectively), the 66 kDa associated protein, the 57 kDa intermediate filament-like protein and the 52 kDa glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). They were further scanned through densitometry from enriched fractions of controls and of animals treated with the various drugs in order to determine the effects of the treatments on their concentration. Our results showed that the concentration of IF protein in cerebellum was not affected by the treatments, whereas chronic administration of all drugs significantly decreased NF-H subunit concentration in rat cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rubin
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre-RS-Brasil
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17
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Trindade VM, Perry ML, Bernard EA. Gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins in hypothalamus of normal, postnatal, and pre- and postnatal protein undernourished rats. J Neurol Sci 1992; 107:93-7. [PMID: 1578239 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(92)90214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Total ganglioside and sialoglycoprotein concentrations were determined in the hypothalamus of normal (diet: 25% casein), postnatal undernourished (diet: 8% casein since birth), and pre- and postnatal undernourished rats (diet: 8% casein since pregnancy). Hypothalamic weights for the two low protein diet groups were lower than for the normal diet groups at all ages studied. Total hypothalamic ganglioside and sialoglycoproteins (mumol NANA) of postnatal undernourished rats were lower than control at day 10, while in pre- and postnatal undernourished rats this difference occurred at day 7. The reduction in gangliosides and sialoglycoprotein contents was not solely a consequence of the decrease in hypothalamic weight since, when the data were expressed as nmol NANA/mg tissue, similar reductions were observed principally in the pre- and postnatal protein undernutrition group. These results suggest that the effects of pre- and postnatal undernutrition on hypothalamic gangliosides and sialoglycoproteins are more pronounced than those that occur as a result of postnatal undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Trindade
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Biociencias, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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