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Gebien DJ. Myositis "Diaphragm Cramp" as a Potential Cause of Respiratory Arrests in Infants. Comment on Salfi, N.C.M. et al. Fatal Deterioration of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in an Infant with Abnormal Muscularization of Intra-Acinar Pulmonary Arteries: Autopsy and Histological Findings. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 601. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1061. [PMID: 38786359 PMCID: PMC11119899 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This Letter to the Editor provides additional information regarding the tragic case of a 6-month-old in Italy with respiratory syncytial virus who deteriorated and died unexpectedly from rapid respiratory insufficiency [...].
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Román GC. Tropical spastic paraparesis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:149-156. [PMID: 37620067 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A large number of causative agents can result in spinal cord disorders in the tropics including etiologies similar to those of temperate regions such as trauma, spinal bone and disc lesions, tumors, epidural abscess, and congenital malformations. Yet infectious and nutritional disorders differ in their higher prevalence in tropical regions including Pott's disease; brucellosis; neuroborreliosis; various parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis, neurocysticercosis, and eosinophilic meningitis. Notably, the retrovirus HTLV-1 is the causeof tropical spastic paraparesis/paraplegia or TSP. Nutritional causes of TSP include vitamin B and folate deficiencies, while endemic clusters of konzo and tropical ataxic myeloneuropathy occur in Africa, along with malnutrition and excessive consumption of cyanide-containing bitter cassava. Other toxic etiologies of TSP include lathyrism and fluorosis. Nutritional forms of myelopathy are associated often with optic and sensory neuropathy, hence the name tropical myeloneuropathies. Acute transverse myelopathy, seen in association with vaccination, infections, and fibrocartilaginous embolism of the nucleus pulposus, can be ubiquitous. Multiple sclerosis and optic myelopathy occur in the tropics but with lesser prevalence than in temperate regions. The advent of modern imaging in the tropics, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, has allowed better diagnosis and treatment of these conditions that are a frequent cause of death and disability. This chapter provides an overview of TSP emphasizing the most common causes with clues to diagnosis and effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo C Román
- Department of Neurology, Methodist Neurological Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Delcourt N, Lagrange E, Abadie E, Fessard V, Frémy JM, Vernoux JP, Peyrat MB, Maignien T, Arnich N, Molgó J, Mattei C. Pinnatoxins' Deleterious Effects on Cholinergic Networks: From Experimental Models to Human Health. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070425. [PMID: 31330850 PMCID: PMC6669724 DOI: 10.3390/md17070425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinnatoxins (PnTXs) are emerging neurotoxins that were discovered about 30 years ago. They are solely produced by the marine dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, and may be transferred into the food chain, as they have been found in various marine invertebrates, including bivalves. No human intoxication has been reported to date although acute toxicity was induced by PnTxs in rodents. LD50 values have been estimated for the different PnTXs through the oral route. At sublethal doses, all symptoms are reversible, and no neurological sequelae are visible. These symptoms are consistent with impairment of central and peripheral cholinergic network functions. In fact, PnTXs are high-affinity competitive antagonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Moreover, their lethal effects are consistent with the inhibition of muscle nAChRs, inducing respiratory distress and paralysis. Human intoxication by ingestion of PnTXs could result in various symptoms observed in episodes of poisoning with natural nAChR antagonists. This review updates the available data on PnTX toxicity with a focus on their mode of action on cholinergic networks and suggests the effects that could be extrapolated on human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Delcourt
- Poison Control Centre, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital and Toulouse NeuroImaging Centre (ToNIC), INSERM1214, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Emmeline Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, Reference Center of Neuromuscular Disease, Grenoble University Hospital, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Abadie
- Laboratoire Environnement Ressources du Languedoc-Roussillon, Centre for Marine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), IRD, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (Ifremer), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CS30171, 34200 Sete Cedex 03, France
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, ANSES-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Jean-Marc Frémy
- Retired from ANSES-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Paul Vernoux
- Research Unit EA 4651 Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Normandie University, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Marie-Bénédicte Peyrat
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Thomas Maignien
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Arnich
- Risk Assessment Department, ANSES-French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jordi Molgó
- Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines (SIMOPRO), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 9197 CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - César Mattei
- Mitochondrial and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology (MITOVASC), Cardiovascular Mechanotransduction, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Angers University, 49045 Angers, France.
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Vargas RA, Sarmiento K, Vásquez IC. Zebrafish (Danio rerio): A Potential Model for Toxinological Studies. Zebrafish 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antonio Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karen Sarmiento
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Isabel Cristina Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Kularatne S, Senanayake N. Venomous snake bites, scorpions, and spiders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 120:987-1001. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4087-0.00066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Analysis of chemical and biological features yields mechanistic insights into drug side effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:594-603. [PMID: 23601648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Side effects (SEs) are the unintended consequence of therapeutic treatments, but they can also be seen as valuable readouts of drug effects, resulting from the perturbation of biological systems by chemical compounds. Unfortunately, biology and chemistry are often considered separately, leading to incomplete models unable to provide a unified view of SEs. Here, we investigate the molecular bases of over 1,600 SEs by navigating both chemical and biological spaces. We identified characteristic molecular traits for 1,162 SEs, 38% of which can be explained using solely biological arguments, and only 6% are exclusively associated with the chemistry of the compounds, implying that the drug action is somewhat unspecific. Overall, we provide mechanistic insights for most SEs and emphasize the need to blend biology and chemistry to surpass intricate phenomena not captured in the molecular biology view.
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Anwar J, Spanevello RM, Thomé G, Stefanello N, Schmatz R, Gutierres J, Vieira J, Baldissarelli J, Carvalho FB, da Rosa MM, Rubin MA, Fiorenza A, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Effects of caffeic acid on behavioral parameters and on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in different tissues from adult rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:386-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Edupuganti OP, Ovsepian SV, Wang J, Zurawski TH, Schmidt JJ, Smith L, Lawrence GW, Dolly JO. Targeted delivery into motor nerve terminals of inhibitors for SNARE-cleaving proteases via liposomes coupled to an atoxic botulinum neurotoxin. FEBS J 2012; 279:2555-67. [PMID: 22607388 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A targeted drug carrier (TDC) is described for transferring functional proteins or peptides into motor nerve terminals, a pivotal locus for therapeutics to treat neuromuscular disorders. It exploits the pronounced selectivity of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) for interacting with acceptors on these cholinergic nerve endings and becoming internalized. The gene encoding an innocuous BoNT/B protease-inactive mutant (BoTIM) was fused to that for core streptavidin, expressed in Escherichia coli and the purified protein was conjugated to surface-biotinylated liposomes. Such decorated liposomes, loaded with fluorescein as traceable cargo, acquired pronounced specificity for motor nerve terminals in isolated mouse hemidiaphragms and facilitated the intraneuronal transfer of the fluor, as revealed by confocal microscopy. Delivery of the protease light chain of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) via this TDC accelerated the onset of neuromuscular paralysis, indicative of improved translocation of this enzyme into the presynaptic cytosol with subsequent proteolytic inactivation of synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular mass 25 kDa (SNAP-25), an exocytotic soluble N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) essential for neurotransmitter release. BoTIM-coupled liposomes, loaded with peptide inhibitors of proteases, yielded considerable attenuation of the neuroparalytic effects of BoNT/A or BoNT/F as a result of their cytosolic transfer, the first in situ demonstration of the ability of designer antiproteases to suppress the symptoms of botulism ex vivo. Delivery of the BoNT/A inhibitor by liposomes targeted with the full-length BoTIM proved more effective than that mediated by its C-terminal neuroacceptor-binding domain. This demonstrated versatility of TDC for nonviral cargo transfer into cholinergic nerve endings has unveiled its potential for direct delivery of functional targets into motor nerve endings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P Edupuganti
- International Centre for Neurotherapeutics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Conduit R, Sasse A, Hodgson W, Trinder J, Veasey S, Tucker A. A neurotoxinological approach to the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep Med Rev 2007; 11:361-75. [PMID: 17646118 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment approaches to the problem of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have limitations. Specifically, invasive anatomical-based surgery and dental appliances typically do not alleviate obstruction at an acceptable rate, and compliance to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices is frequently suboptimal. Neurotoxinological treatment approaches are widespread in the field of medicine, but as yet have not been evaluated as a treatment for sleep-disordered breathing. In this review, it is argued that despite widespread recognition of the loss of upper airway (UA) muscular tone and/or reflexes in the expression of OSA, most treatment interventions to date have focused on anatomical principles alone. Several hypothesised neurotoxinological interventions aimed at either enhancing UA neuromuscular tone and/or reflexes are proposed, and some preliminary data is presented. Although in its early infancy, with considerable toxicity studies in animals yet to be done, a neurotoxinological approach to the problem of OSA holds promise as a future treatment, with the potential for both high effectiveness and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Conduit
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry & Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road Caulfield, Melbourne, Vic 3145, Australia.
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Philippe G, Angenot L. Recent developments in the field of arrow and dart poisons. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:85-91. [PMID: 15993556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Arrow and dart poisons, considered as conventional natural sources for future drug discovery, have already provided numerous biologically active molecules used as drugs in therapeutic applications or in pharmacological research. Plants containing alkaloids or cardiotonic glycosides have generally been the main ingredients responsible for the efficacy of these poisons, although some animals, such as frogs, have also been employed. This paper, without being exhaustive, reports the greater strides made during the past 15 years in the understanding of the chemical nature and biological properties of arrow and dart poison constituents. Examples both of promising biological properties shown by these molecules and of crucial discoveries achieved by their use as pharmacological tools are given. Further studies of these toxic principles are likely to enable scientists to find new valuable lead compounds, useful in many fields of research, like oncology, inflammation and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Philippe
- University of Liège, Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Centre, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, B36, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Vincent A. Antibody-mediated disorders of neuromuscular transmission. SUPPLEMENTS TO CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 2004; 57:147-58. [PMID: 16106615 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-424x(09)70352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vincent
- Neurosciences Group, Department of Clinical Neurology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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Abstract
Reliable transmission of activity from nerve to muscle is necessary for the normal function of the body. The term 'safety factor' refers to the ability of neuromuscular transmission to remain effective under various physiological conditions and stresses. This is a result of the amount of transmitter released per nerve impulse being greater than that required to trigger an action potential in the muscle fibre. The safety factor is a measure of this excess of released transmitter. In this review we discuss the practical difficulties involved in estimating the safety factor in vitro. We then consider the factors that influence the safety factor in vivo. While presynaptic transmitter release may be modulated on a moment to moment basis, the postsynaptic features that determine the effect of released transmitter are not so readily altered to meet changing demands. Different strategies are used by different species to ensure reliable neuromuscular transmission. Some, like frogs, rely on releasing a large amount of transmitter while others, like man, rely on elaborate postsynaptic specialisations to enhance the response to transmitter. In normal adult mammals, the safety factor is generally 3-5. Both pre- and postsynaptic components change during development and may show plasticity in response to injury or disease. Thus, both acquired autoimmune and inherited congenital diseases of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) can significantly reduce, or even transiently increase, safety factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wood
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.
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Abstract
Neurophysiological studies were performed in 12 patients with neuromuscular paralysis due to envenomation by the common krait (Bungarus caeruleus). All patients presented with an acute, reversible, oculofaciobulbar paresis. In addition, 7 patients had weakness of the limb muscles and 4 required assisted mechanical ventilation. Neurophysiological abnormalities included: (1) a reduction in the amplitude of the median-elicited compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in 4 patients; and (2) a decremental response (>10%) to 3-Hz repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) in 4 patients. With 1 exception, these abnormalities were noted only in clinically weak muscles. The administration of edrophonium to 6 patients produced an insignificant increase in CMAP amplitudes as well as partial (not significant) improvement in the decremental response to 3-Hz RNS. Neurophysiological studies were performed in 2 patients before and after the administration of 20 mL of polyvalent antivenom. A decrease in amplitude of the median-elicited CMAP amplitude occurred after the administration of antivenom. In 1 patient, administered 100 mL of antivenom, the median-elicited CMAP amplitude increased and the decrement to 3-Hz RNS decreased. Neurophysiological studies can provide useful information regarding the nature, severity, and therapy of the neuroparalytic syndrome of krait envenomation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
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Abstract
This article discusses the assessment and management of rapidly progressive weakness due to neuromuscular disorders. The authors review elements helpful in determining the causes of weakness including pertinent history and laboratory studies. Disorders are classified according to the level of the motor unit involved and triage/management decisions are described. In addition, respiratory function assessment is reviewed. The latter part of this article is devoted to evaluation and management of two of the most common disorders, Guillain-Barré syndrome and myasthenia gravis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bella
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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Kusunoki S, Iwamori M, Chiba A, Hitoshi S, Arita M, Kanazawa I. GM1b is a new member of antigen for serum antibody in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurology 1996; 47:237-42. [PMID: 8710085 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.47.1.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum antibody from some patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome recognized an antigen of a minor component in human brain monosialoganglioside fraction. We purified that antigen, which migrated at a position slightly lower than that of GM1 on a thin-layer chromatogram (TLC), by using Iatrobeads column chromatography and preparative TLC. Structural analyses, including fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, showed it to be GM1b. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified GM1b showed that anti-GM1b antibody was present in 22 of 104 cases tested. No anti-GM1b antibody was present in the sera from control patients with other diseases or from the normal controls. Four sera recognized only GM1b among the 11 ganglioside antigens tested. The other 18 sera had antibodies to other antigens, most of which shared no terminal epitope with GM1b. Eight of nine sera samples with anti-GalNAc-GD1a antibody also had anti-GM1b antibody. Antibody to a minor monosialoganglioside, GM1b, was found to be a useful diagnostic marker for Guillain-Barré syndrome. Further study is needed to determine whether this antibody plays a role in the pathogenetic mechanism of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kusunoki
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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Connolly S, Trevett AJ, Nwokolo NC, Lalloo DG, Naraqi S, Mantle D, Schofield IS, Fawcett PR, Harris JB, Warrell DA. Neuromuscular effects of Papuan Taipan snake venom. Ann Neurol 1995; 38:916-20. [PMID: 8526464 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410380612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite is a cause of significant morbidity in Central Province, Papua New Guinea. Three adult patients with clinical evidence of neurotoxicity following envenomation by the Papuan taipan had serial neurophysiological examinations over the course of their subsequent hospitalization. All required artificial ventilation for 2.5 to 5 days. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes declined over the first 2 to 4 days after envenoming and then gradually increased in parallel with clinical recovery. Repetitive stimulation studies revealed a distinctive pattern of abnormality. Activation resulted in brief potentiation of the CMAP followed by significantly greater decrement than observed at rest. This effect lasted up to 30 minutes and was not altered after intravenous edrophonium. Single-fiber electromyographic recordings during the recovery phase of the illness were abnormal with marked blocking and increased jitter. All patients were able to return home.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Connolly
- Department of Biochemistry, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Trevett AJ, Warrell DA, Lalloo DG, Nwokolo N. Disorders of neuromuscular transmission due to natural environmental toxins. J Neurol Sci 1993; 118:101. [PMID: 8229045 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(93)90254-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Hughes
- Department of Neurology, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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