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Gandhi S, Sweeney HL, Hart CC, Han R, Perry CGR. Cardiomyopathy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and the Potential for Mitochondrial Therapeutics to Improve Treatment Response. Cells 2024; 13:1168. [PMID: 39056750 PMCID: PMC11274633 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations to the dystrophin gene, resulting in deficiency of dystrophin protein, loss of myofiber integrity in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and eventual cell death and replacement with fibrotic tissue. Pathologic cardiac manifestations occur in nearly every DMD patient, with the development of cardiomyopathy-the leading cause of death-inevitable by adulthood. As early cardiac abnormalities are difficult to detect, timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment modalities remain a challenge. There is no cure for DMD; treatment is aimed at delaying disease progression and alleviating symptoms. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial to the development of targeted treatments. While established hypotheses of underlying mechanisms include sarcolemmal weakening, upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and perturbed ion homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a potential key contributor. Several experimental compounds targeting the skeletal muscle pathology of DMD are in development, but the effects of such agents on cardiac function remain unclear. The synergistic integration of small molecule- and gene-target-based drugs with metabolic-, immune-, or ion balance-enhancing compounds into a combinatorial therapy offers potential for treating dystrophin deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy, making it crucial to understand the underlying mechanisms driving the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Gandhi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - H. Lee Sweeney
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (H.L.S.); (C.C.H.)
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cora C. Hart
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (H.L.S.); (C.C.H.)
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Renzhi Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Schiavone M, Zulian A, Menazza S, Petronilli V, Argenton F, Merlini L, Sabatelli P, Bernardi P. Alisporivir rescues defective mitochondrial respiration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 125:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zulian A, Schiavone M, Giorgio V, Bernardi P. Forty years later: Mitochondria as therapeutic targets in muscle diseases. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:563-573. [PMID: 27697642 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction can be a general mechanism for cell death in muscle diseases is 40 years old. The key elements of the proposed pathogenetic sequence (cytosolic Ca2+ overload followed by excess mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, functional and then structural damage of mitochondria, energy shortage, worsened elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, hypercontracture of muscle fibers, cell necrosis) have been confirmed in amazing detail by subsequent work in a variety of models. The explicit implication of the hypothesis was that it "may provide the basis for a more rational treatment for some conditions even before their primary causes are known" (Wrogemann and Pena, 1976, Lancet, 1, 672-674). This prediction is being fulfilled, and the potential of mitochondria as pharmacological targets in muscle diseases may soon become a reality, particularly through inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its regulator cyclophilin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zulian
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Bhattacharya SK, Johnson PL, Thakar JH. Reversal of impaired oxidative phosphorylation and calcium overloading in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of CHF-146 dystrophic hamsters. MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY 1998; 34:53-77. [PMID: 9778646 DOI: 10.1007/bf02815136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-mediated excessive intracellular calcium accumulation (EICA) and diminished cellular energy production are the hallmarks of dystrophic pathobiology in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. We reported reversal of respiratory damage and Ca(2+)-overloading in the in vitro cardiac mitochondria from CHF-146 dystrophic hamsters (DH) with hereditary muscular dystrophy (Bhattacharya et al., 1993). Here we studied respiratory dysfunctions in the skeletal muscle mitochondria from young and old DH, and whether these abnormalities can be reversed by reducing [Ca2+] in the isolation medium, thereby lowering intramitochondrial Ca(2+)-overloading. Age- and sex-matched CHF-148 albino normal hamsters (NH) served as controls. As an index of EICA and cellular degeneration, Ca and Mg levels were assayed in the skeletal muscle and mitochondria. Mitochondria from young and old DH, isolated without EDTA (BE medium), revealed poor coupling of oxidative phosphorylation, diminished stimulated oxygen consumption rate, and lower respiratory control ratio and ADP/O ratios, compared to NH. Incorporation of 10 mM EDTA (Bo medium) in the isolation medium restored mitochondrial functions of the dystrophic organelles to a near-normal level, and reduced Ca(2+)-overloading. The mitochondrial Ca level in DH was significantly higher than in NH, irrespective of the medium. However, compared to Bo medium, the dystrophic organelles isolated in BE medium had lower Ca levels and markedly improved oxidative phosphorylation as seen in NH. Muscle Ca contents in the young and old DH were elevated relative to NH, showing a positive correlation with the increased mitochondrial Ca(2+)-sequestration. Dystrophic muscle also revealed Ca deposition with an abundance of Ca(2+)-positive and necrotic myofibers by light microscopy, and intramitochondrial Ca(2+)-overloading by electron microscopy, respectively. However, Mg levels in the muscle and mitochondria did not alter with age or dystrophy. These data parallel our observations in the heart, and suggest that functional impairments and Ca(2+)-overloading also occur in the skeletal muscle mitochondria of DH, and are indeed reversible if EICA is regulated by slow Ca(2+)-channel blocker therapy (Johnson and Bhattacharya, 1993).
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhattacharya
- Edward Dana Mitchell Surgical Research Laboratories, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Memphis 38163, USA.
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Martonosi A. Calcium regulation in muscle diseases; the influence of innervation and activity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 991:155-242. [PMID: 2655711 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Martonosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Syracuse 13210
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Lucas-Héron B, Mussini JM, Ollivier B. Is there a maturation defect related to calcium in muscle mitochondria from dystrophic mice and Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy patients. J Neurol Sci 1989; 90:299-306. [PMID: 2738610 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(89)90116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In our study, mitochondria were isolated from skeletal muscle in 2-, 3-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 12-week-old normal (C57BL6j dy/+), and 4-, 8-, and 12-week-old dystrophic (C57BL6j dy/dy) mice and in normal subjects and patients with Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy. A deficit was observed in a calcium-specific mitochondrial protein in the very young control mouse, compared with the adult mouse. In the adult dystrophic mouse this deficit was found in clinically affected hindleg muscles as well as in apparently normal front leg muscles; it was also found in quadriceps muscles from patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy. It is not observed in normal adult mice or in normal subjects. The body of our results suggests that in the forms of muscular dystrophy studied there would be a maturation defect in this calcium-binding mitochondrial protein ("calmitine"), a defect which might be generalized in the entire skeletal muscle system and conceivably could be the cause of muscle degeneration in certain myopathies such as Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucas-Héron
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, U.E.R. de Médecine, Nantes, France
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Houle JJ, Leddy JP, Rosenfeld SI. Secretion of the terminal complement proteins, C5-C9, by human platelets. CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1989; 50:385-93. [PMID: 2917425 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(89)90145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The terminal complement components, C8 and C9, and to a lesser extent C5, C6, and C7, but minimal amounts of C3, were shown to be associated with washed human platelets. In unactivated platelets, the complement components were detected in the platelet pellet by hemolytic assays after centrifugation and disruption of the platelets by freeze-thawing. However, after platelets had been activated by collagen, thrombin, or aggregated IgG to induce aggregation, the complement components were released into the supernatant. The rank order of hemolytic activity of C9, C8, C7, C6, and C5 detected in the supernatants of activated platelets was quite different from that found in serum from the same donors, in the same assays. In particular, the serum C7 hemolytic titer was more than twice the serum C9 hemolytic titer, whereas the activity of C9 detected from platelets was more than twice that of C7. This argues against a purely nonspecific uptake of these proteins by platelets from plasma. The functional role of terminal complement components released from platelets during activation is unknown, but it is tempting to speculate that these proteins may have a role in platelet-dependent immunological tissue injury. Because the C5b-9 membrane attack complex activates platelets, it is possible that release of terminal complement proteins serves to amplify platelet activation and may also play a role in diseases in which complement membrane attack complexes have been implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Houle
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York 14642
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Meijer AEFH, Van Den Hoven R, Wensing T, Breukink HJ. Histochemische Ãnderungen in Skeletmuskeln von rhabdomyolyse-empfindlichen Trabrennpferden nach Grenzbelastung. Acta Histochem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(89)80022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Munoz DG, Emery ES, Highland RA. Mitochondrial hydroxyapatite deposits in spinocerebellar degeneration. Ann Neurol 1987; 22:258-63. [PMID: 2821875 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410220211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the presence of crystalline deposits of calcium hydroxyapatite in the mitochondria of 2 children with sporadic spinocerebellar degeneration. The deposits, identified by electron microscopy, were found in the mitochondria of neurons and smooth muscle cells in one patient and in only smooth muscle cells in the second child, but not in other cell types. The calcific nature of the deposits was confirmed by laser microprobe mass analysis. The calcium overload may interfere with mitochondrial function, as has been shown in the cardiomyopathic strain of the Syrian hamster, a model of the cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Munoz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington
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Wrogemann K, Nylen EG, Adamson I, Pande SV. Functional studies on in situ-like mitochondria isolated in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 806:1-8. [PMID: 3967005 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(85)90075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria isolated and maintained in sucrose mannitol medium show a large intermembrane space and a condensed matrix unlike the appearance of in situ mitochondria. Mitochondria resembling in situ organelles are obtained when the isolation medium is supplemented with certain macromolecules such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone. We found that the in situ appearance was acquired also by the conventionally isolated mitochondria when they were exposed to 2% polyvinyl pyrrolidone supplemented medium. Paradoxically, however, these in situ looking mitochondria proved functionally inferior in that their brief incubation without substrates led to a marked loss of their ability to respire with subsequently added substrates such as pyruvate, acylcarnitines or glutamate. The oxidation of succinate was, however, not so affected. This phenomenon was shared by heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria of different animal species but not by rat liver mitochondria. The inhibition of respiration could not be related to the failure to oxidize NADH, to the tieing up of mitochondrial free CoASH, or to the increased matrix space of mitochondria that was observed in the presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The polyvinyl pyrrolidone-exposed mitochondria regained their respiratory ability on being freed from polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The same phenomenon was seen also when the medium contained 2% albumin or 20% Ficoll.
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Nylen EG, Wrogemann K. Mitochondrial calcium content and oxidative phosphorylation in heart and skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice. Exp Neurol 1983; 80:69-80. [PMID: 6832274 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(83)90007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overloading was investigated in the genetically dystrophic mouse (strains 129/ReJ dy/dy) as a possible contributing factor to the development of muscle fiber necrosis. Mitochondrial calcium concentrations were significantly elevated in both skeletal muscle and heart organelles. Because mitochondria were isolated in the presence of ruthenium red this finding was not the result of an artefact of isolation. State 3 respiration rates and concomitantly the respiratory control ratios were slightly decreased in skeletal muscle, but not in heart mitochondria. This abnormality could result from calcium overloading in a small fraction of the mitochondria. Fractionation of skeletal muscle mitochondria on sucrose gradients gave two distinct populations of dystrophic organelles, one with high calcium, whereas normal skeletal muscle mitochondria and heart organelles showed only one broad band on the gradient. The results support the idea that both skeletal muscle and heart are affected in dystrophic mice, strain 129/ReJ dy/dy and also that in the dystrophic mouse the process of cell necrosis is associated with cellular calcium overloading.
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12
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Engel AG, Biesecker G. Complement activation in muscle fiber necrosis: demonstration of the membrane attack complex of complement in necrotic fibers. Ann Neurol 1982; 12:289-96. [PMID: 6753731 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410120314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The membranolytic C5b-9 complement membrane attach complex (MAC) is assembled after activation of either the classic or the alternative complement pathway. The quaternary configuration of the MAC macromolecule presents neoantigenic determinants not present on precursor molecules. Consequently, antibodies specific for these neoantigen(s) do not detect nonspecifically bound native complement precursors of MAC. By means of antibodies rendered specific for MAC neoantigen(s), MAC was localized by the immunoperoxidase reaction in cryostat sections of human muscle. In 66 biopsy specimens containing necrotic muscle fibers (Duchenne dystrophy, 13; other dystrophies, 15; inflammatory myopathies, 31; miscellaneous myopathies, 7) all of the necrotic fibers reacted for MAC neoantigen(s). C3 and C9 were also consistently localized in necrotic fibers, but localization of C1q, C4, and IgG was variable and often did not exceed background staining. None of the nonnecrotic fibers reacted for immunoglobulin or complement. Detection of MAC neoantigen(s) in necrotic fibers in a wide variety of muscle disease unambiguously shows that (1) the lytic complement pathway is consistently activated and participates in muscles fiber necrosis in vivo, and (2) complement reaction products are generated than can stimulate cellular infiltration and phagocytosis of the necrotic fiber. The findings also suggest that cell necrosis in general may involve participation of complement.
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Engel AG, Lambert EH, Mulder DM, Torres CF, Sahashi K, Bertorini TE, Whitaker JN. A newly recognized congenital myasthenic syndrome attributed to a prolonged open time of the acetylcholine-induced ion channel. Ann Neurol 1982; 11:553-69. [PMID: 6287911 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Five familial cases (in two families) and one sporadic case of a new congenital myasthenic syndrome were investigated. Symptoms arise in infancy or later life. Typically, one finds selective involvement of cervical, scapular, and finger extensor muscles, ophthalmoparesis, and variable involvement of other muscles. There is a repetitive muscle action potential to single nerve stimulus in all muscles and a decremental response at 2 to 3 Hz stimulation in clinical affected muscles. Microelectrode studies reveal markedly prolonged end-plate potential (epp), miniature end-plate potential (mepp), and miniature end-plate current; normal quantum content of the epp; and a smaller than normal or low-normal mepp amplitude. Light microscopy demonstrates predominance of type I fibers, small groups of atrophic fibers, tubular aggregates and vacuoles near end-plates, abnormal end-plate configuration, and nonspecific myopathic changes. Abundant acetylcholinesterase activity is present at all end-plates, and the activity and kinetic properties of this enzyme in muscle are normal. Calcium accumulated at the end-plate in one patient. Quantitative electron microscopy shows decrease in the size of nerve terminals, increase in the density of synaptic vesicles, and reduction in the length of postsynaptic membranes. There is focal degeneration of junctional folds with corresponding loss of acetylcholine receptor, most marked in cases with the lowest mepp amplitude. There are no immune complexes at the end-plate. Fiber regions near end-plates display dilation, proliferation, and degeneration of the sarcoplasmic reticulum; nuclear, mitochondrial, and myofibrillar degeneration; and vacuoles resembling those found in periodic paralysis. A prolonged open time of the acetylcholine-induced ion channel is considered to be the basic abnormality and may account for the physiological, morphological, and clinical alterations.
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14
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Engel AG, Lambert EH, Mulder DM, Gomez MR, Whitaker JN, Hart Z, Sahashi K. Recently recognized congenital myasthenic syndromes: (a) end-plate acetylcholine (ACh) esterase deficiency (b) putative abnormality of the ACh induced ion channel (c) putative defect of ACh resynthesis or mobilization - clinical features, ultrastructure and cytochemistry. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981; 377:614-39. [PMID: 6280566 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Joffe M, Savage N, Isaacs H. Increased muscle calcium. A possible cause of mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular necrosis in denervated rat skeletal muscle. Biochem J 1981; 196:663-7. [PMID: 7317007 PMCID: PMC1163083 DOI: 10.1042/bj1960663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial preparations derived from denervated rat skeletal muscle and paired controls were characterized with respect to their ability to take up externally added Ca2+. The denervated and control muscle homogenates and mitochondrial [Ca2+] were also determined. Our data indicate that the denervated mitochondria are able to take up less Ca2+ than the controls before uncoupling occurs. This defect is associated with elevated [Ca2+] in homogenate and mitochondrial fractions in the denervated state. The causal relationship between Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial functional damage and cell necrosis is discussed.
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Meijer AE, Vloedman AH. The histochemical characterization of the coupling state of skeletal muscle mitochondria. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1980; 69:217-32. [PMID: 6449494 DOI: 10.1007/bf00489769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscles of human and animals with neuromuscular diseases may reveal a loosely coupled state of oxidative phosphorylation, which is characterized by a normal phosphorylation in the presence of a phosphate acceptor and a maximal respiration in the absence of a phosphate acceptor. Moreover in these cases activity of mitochondrial Mg2+-stimulated ATPase is strongly increased and cannot be stimulated by the uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. In this communication a histochemical technique for the demonstration of activity of mitochondrial Mg2+-stimulated ATPase to characterize the coupling state of muscle mitochondria in tissue sections, is described. This tissue-saving technique is especially suitable for the study of human skeletal muscle diseases.
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Wrogemann K, Hayward WAK, Blanchaer MC. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MUSCLE NECROSIS IN HAMSTER DYSTROPHY. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb37322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wrogemann K, Hayward WA, Blanchaer MC. Biochemical aspects of muscle necrosis in hamster dystrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1979; 317:30-45. [PMID: 289313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb56507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tate CA, Bonner HW, Leslie SW. Calcium uptake in skeletal muscle mitochondria. I. The effects of chelating agents on the mitochondria from fatigued rats. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1978; 39:111-6. [PMID: 99303 DOI: 10.1007/bf00421715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female Wistar rats were used to determine the effects of the chelating agents, EDTA and EGTA, on the in vitro 45Ca2+ accumulation by mitochondria isolated from the skeletal muscle of fatigued animals. The rats were divided into three groups: sedentary-rested (SR), trained-rested (TR), trained-exhausted (TE). The trained groups were exercised on a treadmill for 1 h daily, five times a week, for 22 weeks. At the conclusion of the training program, the TE group was rapidly exercised to exhaustion immediately following their daily 1-h run. In the TR group EDTA reduced 45Ca2+ binding while both EDTA and EGTA appeared to increase mitochondrial Ca2+ and Mg2+ content. In the TE group, EDTA reduced endogenous mitochondrial Ca2+ and Mg2+ content, while both EDTA and EGTA increased 45Ca2+ binding. Since chelating Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the membrane may affect the structure and function of the mitochondria, it is suggested that the use of chelating agents during the isolation of mitochondria from the skeletal muscle of trained rats be viewed with caution.
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Goldspink DF, Goldspink G. Age-related changes in protein turnover and ribonucleic acid of the diaphragm muscle of normal and dystrophic hamsters. Biochem J 1977; 162:191-4. [PMID: 849275 PMCID: PMC1164582 DOI: 10.1042/bj1620191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaphragm muscles of dystrophic hamsters were found to be larger than those of control animals at two of three ages studied. The additional growth of these afflicted muscles correlated with large increases in protein synthesis and concentrations of RNA. Protein breakdown was also increased in the dystrophic muscles, but to a smaller extent than synthesis.
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Abstract
It is suggested that the mechanism of muscle-cell necrosis in various muscle diseases is explained by an increased net influx of calcium into cells which triggers a "vicious cycle" of mitochondrial calcium overloading and energy depletion. If correct, this hypothesis may offer the basis of a more rational treatment of some muscle diseases even before their primary aetiology is known.
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Wrogemann K, Jacobson BE, Blanchaer MC. On the mechanism of a calcium-associated defect of oxidative phosphorylation in progessive muscular dystrophy. Arch Biochem Biophys 1973; 159:267-78. [PMID: 4361547 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(73)90453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Thakar JH, Wrogemann K, Blanchaer MC. Effect of ruthenium red on oxidative phosphorylation and the calcium and magnesium content of skeletal muscle mitochondria of normal and BIO 14.6 dystrophic hamsters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1973; 314:8-14. [PMID: 4741598 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(73)90059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Worsfold M, Park DC, Pennington RJ. Familial "mitochondrial" myopathy. A myopathy associated with disordered oxidative metabolism in muscle fibres. 2. Biochemical findings. J Neurol Sci 1973; 19:261-74. [PMID: 4716844 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(73)90090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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McBurney LJ, Radomski MW. The effects of washing, EDTA, magnesium and calcium on oxidative phosphorylation and respiratory rates of mitochondria from heat- and cold-acclimated rats. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 44:1219-33. [PMID: 4197541 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(73)90273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Northover BJ. The effects of indomethacin on calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium fluxes in various tissues of the guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol 1972; 45:651-9. [PMID: 5085240 PMCID: PMC1665974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1972.tb08124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Isolated tissues of the guinea-pig were bathed with Krebs solution at 37 degrees C and subjected to 100 ms pulses of electrical stimulation for 30 min at a frequency of 0.1 or 1.0 Hz. The tissues were then dried, ashed, and the ash analysed for calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium.2. Gastric smooth muscle, cardiac and skeletal muscles and brain all showed a gain of sodium and calcium and a loss of potassium in response to electrical stimulation, but there was no significant change in the magnesium content of any of these tissues.3. Indomethacin (0.5 mM) reduced the calcium content of unstimulated gastric smooth muscle and reduced the gain of calcium and sodium in response to electrical stimulation, but slightly increased the net loss of potassium in response to electrical stimulation.4. Gastric smooth muscle which had gained calcium as a result of electrical stimulation, gradually lost it again when stimulation ceased. Indomethacin (0.5 mM) hastened the net loss of calcium from previously stimulated muscle.5. Indomethacin (0.5 mM) failed to alter the calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium contents of unstimulated cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle and brain. In these tissues indomethacin (0.5 mM) also failed to prevent the changes in the content of these minerals which occurred in response to electrical stimulation.
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