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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Cifuentes JM, Alvariño R, Pérez-Fuentes N, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Cyclophilins modify their profile depending on the organ or tissue in a murine inflammatory model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110351. [PMID: 37235965 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the leading subjacent cause of many chronic diseases. Despite several studies in the last decades, the molecular mechanism involving its pathophysiology is not fully known. Recently, the implication of cyclophilins in inflammatory-based diseases has been demonstrated. However, the main role of cyclophilins in these processes remains elusive. Hence, a mouse model of systemic inflammation was used to better understand the relationship between cyclophilins and their tissue distribution. To induce inflammation, mice were fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks. In these conditions, serum levels of interleukins 2 and 6, tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-ϒ, and the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were elevated, evidencing a systemic inflammatory state. Then, in this inflammatory model, cyclophilins and CD147 profiles in the aorta, liver, and kidney were studied. The results demonstrate that, upon inflammatory conditions, cyclophilins A and C expression levels were increased in the aorta. Cyclophilins A and D were augmented in the liver, meanwhile, cyclophilins B and C were diminished. In the kidney, cyclophilins B and C levels were elevated. Furthermore, CD147 receptor was also increased in the aorta, liver, and kidney. In addition, when cyclophilin A was modulated, serum levels of inflammatory mediators were decreased, indicating a reduction in systemic inflammation. Besides, the expression levels of cyclophilin A and CD147 were also reduced in the aorta and liver, when cyclophilin A was modulated. Therefore, these results suggest that each cyclophilin has a different profile depending on the tissue, under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Grupo de investigación Biodiscovery (IDIS), Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Grupo de investigación Biodiscovery (IDIS), Lugo, Spain.
| | - J Manuel Cifuentes
- Departamento de Anatomía, Producción Animal y Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Grupo de investigación Biodiscovery (IDIS), Lugo, Spain
| | - Nadia Pérez-Fuentes
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Grupo de investigación Biodiscovery (IDIS), Lugo, Spain
| | - Mercedes R Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Grupo de investigación Biodiscovery (IDIS), Lugo, Spain.
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Gegunde S, Alfonso A, Alvariño R, Alonso E, González-Juanatey C, Botana LM. Crosstalk between cyclophilins and T lymphocytes in coronary artery disease. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112514. [PMID: 33582093 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis are currently some of the most widespread diseases of our time. Within cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease and underlying atherosclerosis were recently linked with systemic and local inflammation. Cyclophilins participate in the initiation and progression of these inflammatory-related diseases. Cyclophilins are released into the extracellular space upon inflammatory stimuli and participate in the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. The cell surface receptor for extracellular cyclophilins, the CD147 receptor, also contributes to coronary artery disease pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the physiological relevance of cyclophilin's family and their receptor in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. The present study aimed to better understand the role of cyclophilins in cardiovascular artery disease and their relationship with inflammation. Hence, cyclophilins and pro-inflammatory interleukins were measured in the serum of 30 subjects (divided into three groups according to coronary artery disease status: 10 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 10 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, and 10 control volunteers). In addition, cyclophilin levels and CD147 receptor expression were measured in T lymphocytes purified from these subjects. Cyclophilin A, B, and C, pro-inflammatory interleukins, and CD147 membrane expression were significantly elevated in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gegunde
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
| | - Carlos González-Juanatey
- Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, 27004, Spain
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27002, Spain; Grupo Investigación Biosdiscovery, IDIS, Spain
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Yang YR, Hu JY, Liu ZG. [The value and application prospect of cyclosporine A in the treatment of dry eye]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 56:787-95. [PMID: 33059422 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20200409-00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye is the most common ocular surface disease, the core pathogenesis of which is ocular surface inflammation. Anti-inflammation is one of the important clinical treatments of dry eye. Since the definitely immunosuppressive effect, topical ophthalmic cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used in dry eye for many years. A large number of studies have been published in recent years, including its therapeutic effects, indications and applications. This article will introduce the mechanism of ophthalmic CsA, summarize its clinical treatment effects in dry eyes of different countries, different causes, and different severity. Meanwhile we will analyze the pros and cons and the applied prospects of ophthalmic CsA with various forms, and generalize the indications, treatment suggestions and safety of CsA used in dry eye, in order to provide references for the clinical applications. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:787-795).
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Bayon J, Alfonso A, Gegunde S, Alonso E, Alvarino R, Santas-Alvarez M, Testa-Fernandez A, Rios-Vazquez R, Botana L, Gonzalez-Juanatey C. Cyclophilins in Ischemic Heart Disease: Differences Between Acute and Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Cardiol Res 2020; 11:319-327. [PMID: 32849967 PMCID: PMC7430890 DOI: 10.14740/cr1120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclophilins (Cyps) are a family of peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases consistently involved in cardiovascular diseases through the inflammation pathway. This study aims to investigate the serum levels of Cyps (CypA, CypB, CypC and CypD) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the correlation with clinical characteristics and inflammation parameters. Methods We developed an observational prospective study with a total of 125 subjects: 40 patients with acute CAD, 40 patients with chronic CAD and 45 control volunteers, in whom serum levels of Cyps (CypA, CypB, CypC and CypD), interleukins and metalloproteinases were measured. Results CypA levels increased significantly in CAD patients compared with control subjects, but no differences were noted between acute CAD (7.80 ± 1.30 ng/mL) and chronic CAD (5.52 ± 0.76 ng/mL) patients (P = 0.13). No differences in CypB and CypD levels were showed between CAD patients and controls and between acute CAD and chronic CAD patients. In relation with CypC, the levels in CAD patients were significantly higher compared to controls (32.42 ± 3.71 pg/mL vs. 9.38 ± 1.51 pg/mL, P < 0.001), but no differences between acute and chronic CAD groups were obtained (P = 0.62). We analyzed the CypC > 17.5 pg/mL cut-off point, and it was significantly associated with older age, hypertension, dyslipidemia and more extensive CAD in acute and chronic CAD groups. Conclusions CypA and CypC levels are increased in CAD patients. High CypC serum levels could be a novel biomarker in CAD patients correlating with a more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremias Bayon
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, c/Ulises Romero n°1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Sandra Gegunde
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Eva Alonso
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain.,Fundacion Instituto de Investigacion Sanitario Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alvarino
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Melisa Santas-Alvarez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, c/Ulises Romero n°1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ana Testa-Fernandez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, c/Ulises Romero n°1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ramon Rios-Vazquez
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, c/Ulises Romero n°1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
| | - Luis Botana
- Pharmacology Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida Carballo Calero s/n, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Juanatey
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, c/Ulises Romero n°1, 27003 Lugo, Spain
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Lizák B, Birk J, Zana M, Kosztyi G, Kratschmar DV, Odermatt A, Zimmermann R, Geiszt M, Appenzeller-Herzog C, Bánhegyi G. Ca 2+ mobilization-dependent reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is due to influx of cytosolic glutathione. BMC Biol 2020; 18:19. [PMID: 32101139 PMCID: PMC7043043 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) acts as a cellular Ca2+ store and a site for oxidative protein folding, which is controlled by the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-disulfide (GSSG) redox pair. Although depletion of luminal Ca2+ from the ER provokes a rapid and reversible shift towards a more reducing poise in the ER, the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. RESULTS We found that Ca2+ mobilization-dependent ER luminal reduction was sensitive to inhibition of GSH synthesis or dilution of cytosolic GSH by selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane. A glutathione-centered mechanism was further indicated by increased ER luminal glutathione levels in response to Ca2+ efflux. Inducible reduction of the ER lumen by GSH flux was independent of the Ca2+-binding chaperone calreticulin, which has previously been implicated in this process. However, opening the translocon channel by puromycin or addition of cyclosporine A mimicked the GSH-related effect of Ca2+ mobilization. While the action of puromycin was ascribable to Ca2+ leakage from the ER, the mechanism of cyclosporine A-induced GSH flux was independent of calcineurin and cyclophilins A and B and remained unclear. CONCLUSIONS Our data strongly suggest that ER influx of cytosolic GSH, rather than inhibition of local oxidoreductases, is responsible for the reductive shift upon Ca2+ mobilization. We postulate the existence of a Ca2+- and cyclosporine A-sensitive GSH transporter in the ER membrane. These findings have important implications for ER redox homeostasis under normal physiology and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta Lizák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Julia Birk
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melinda Zana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kosztyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Denise V Kratschmar
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Richard Zimmermann
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Miklós Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- "Momentum" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group of the Semmelweis University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Appenzeller-Herzog
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Medical Library, University of Basel, Spiegelgasse 5, 4051, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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A Abdullah A, Abdullah R, A Nazariah Z, N Balakrishnan K, Firdaus J Abdullah F, A Bala J, Mohd-Lila MA. Cyclophilin A as a target in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618811413. [PMID: 30449131 PMCID: PMC6243413 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618811413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on the cellular machinery of the host to regenerate and manufacture their proteins. Most antiviral drugs on the market today target viral proteins. However, the more recent strategies involve targeting the host cell proteins or pathways that mediate viral replication. This new approach would be effective for most viruses while minimizing drug resistance and toxicity. METHODS Cytomegalovirus replication, latency, and immune response are mediated by the intermediate early protein 2, the main protein that determines the effectiveness of drugs in cytomegalovirus inhibition. This review explains how intermediate early protein 2 can modify the action of cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive, and antiviral drug. It also links all the pathways mediated by cyclosporin A, cytomegalovirus replication, and its encoded proteins. RESULTS Intermediate early protein 2 can influence the cellular cyclophilin A pathway, affecting cyclosporin A as a mediator of viral replication or anti-cytomegalovirus drug. CONCLUSION Cyclosporin A has a dual function in cytomegalovirus pathogenesis. It has the immunosuppressive effect that establishes virus replication through the inhibition of T-cell function. It also has an anti-cytomegalovirus effect mediated by intermediate early protein 2. Both of these functions involve cyclophilin A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwaq A Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 3 Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Zeenathul A Nazariah
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Krishnan N Balakrishnan
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Faez Firdaus J Abdullah
- 5 Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
| | - Jamilu A Bala
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 6 Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mohd-Azmi Mohd-Lila
- 1 Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
- 4 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia
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Shimura S, Watashi K, Fukano K, Peel M, Sluder A, Kawai F, Iwamoto M, Tsukuda S, Takeuchi JS, Miyake T, Sugiyama M, Ogasawara Y, Park SY, Tanaka Y, Kusuhara H, Mizokami M, Sureau C, Wakita T. Cyclosporin derivatives inhibit hepatitis B virus entry without interfering with NTCP transporter activity. J Hepatol 2017; 66:685-692. [PMID: 27890789 PMCID: PMC7172969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) is the main target of most hepatitis B virus (HBV) specific entry inhibitors. Unfortunately, these agents also block NTCP transport of bile acids into hepatocytes, and thus have the potential to cause adverse effects. We aimed to identify small molecules that inhibit HBV entry while maintaining NTCP transporter function. METHODS We characterized a series of cyclosporine (CsA) derivatives for their anti-HBV activity and NTCP binding specificity using HepG2 cells overexpressing NTCP and primary human hepatocytes. The four most potent derivatives were tested for their capacity to prevent HBV entry, but maintain NTCP transporter function. Their antiviral activity against different HBV genotypes was analysed. RESULTS We identified several CsA derivatives that inhibited HBV infection with a sub-micromolar IC50. Among them, SCY446 and SCY450 showed low activity against calcineurin (CN) and cyclophilins (CyPs), two major CsA cellular targets. This suggested that instead, these compounds interacted directly with NTCP to inhibit viral attachment to host cells, and have no immunosuppressive function. Importantly, we found that SCY450 and SCY995 did not impair the NTCP-dependent uptake of bile acids, and inhibited multiple HBV genotypes including a clinically relevant nucleoside analog-resistant HBV isolate. CONCLUSIONS This is the first example of small molecule selective inhibition of HBV entry with no decrease in NTCP transporter activity. It suggests that the anti-HBV activity can be functionally separated from bile acid transport. These broadly active anti-HBV molecules are potential candidates for developing new drugs with fewer adverse effects. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we identified new compounds that selectively inhibited hepatitis B virus (HBV) entry, and did not impair bile acid uptake. Our evidence offers a new strategy for developing anti-HBV drugs with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Shimura
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; SCYNEXIS, Inc., Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-8510, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (J.S.T.), Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | | | | | - Fumihiro Kawai
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masashi Iwamoto
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Sciences, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; Micro-signaling Regulation Technology Unit, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko S Takeuchi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyake
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogasawara
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicinal Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa 272-8516, Japan
| | - Camille Sureau
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Abstract
The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction can be a general mechanism for cell death in muscle diseases is 40 years old. The key elements of the proposed pathogenetic sequence (cytosolic Ca2+ overload followed by excess mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, functional and then structural damage of mitochondria, energy shortage, worsened elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, hypercontracture of muscle fibers, cell necrosis) have been confirmed in amazing detail by subsequent work in a variety of models. The explicit implication of the hypothesis was that it "may provide the basis for a more rational treatment for some conditions even before their primary causes are known" (Wrogemann and Pena, 1976, Lancet, 1, 672-674). This prediction is being fulfilled, and the potential of mitochondria as pharmacological targets in muscle diseases may soon become a reality, particularly through inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its regulator cyclophilin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zulian
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Geisler M, Bailly A, Ivanchenko M. Master and servant: Regulation of auxin transporters by FKBPs and cyclophilins. Plant Sci 2016; 245:1-10. [PMID: 26940487 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant development and architecture are greatly influenced by the polar distribution of the essential hormone auxin. The directional influx and efflux of auxin from plant cells depends primarily on AUX1/LAX, PIN, and ABCB/PGP/MDR families of auxin transport proteins. The functional analysis of these proteins has progressed rapidly within the last decade thanks to the establishment of heterologous auxin transport systems. Heterologous co-expression allowed also for the testing of protein-protein interactions involved in the regulation of transporters and identified relationships with members of the FK506-Binding Protein (FKBP) and cyclophilin protein families, which are best known in non-plant systems as cellular receptors for the immunosuppressant drugs, FK506 and cyclosporin A, respectively. Current evidence that such interactions affect membrane trafficking, and potentially the activity of auxin transporters is reviewed. We also propose that FKBPs andcyclophilins might integrate the action of auxin transport inhibitors, such as NPA, on members of the ABCB and PIN family, respectively. Finally, we outline open questions that might be useful for further elucidation of the role of immunophilins as regulators (servants) of auxin transporters (masters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Geisler
- University of Fribourg, Department of Biology-Plant Biology, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Aurélien Bailly
- University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Ivanchenko
- Oregon State University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Shukla VK, Singh JS, Trivedi D, Hosur RV, Kumar A. NMR assignments of mitochondrial cyclophilin Cpr3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomol NMR Assign 2016; 10:203-206. [PMID: 26897529 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-016-9667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilins regulate protein folding, transport and signalling through catalysis of proline isomerization, and are ubiquitously expressed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cpr3 is the yeast mitochondrial cyclophilin and it is structurally and biophysically uncharacterized so far. Yeast cyclophilin gene cpr3 is essential for the lactate metabolism. Here, we report (1)H, (13)C, and (15)N chemical shift assignments of Cpr3 protein determined by various 2D and 3D heteronuclear NMR experiments at pH 6.5, and temperature 298 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar Shukla
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, 400098, India
| | - Jai Shankar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dipesh Trivedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Ramakrishna V Hosur
- UM-DAE-Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, 400098, India.
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Tremendous progress has been made in the past 20 years in understanding the roles played by immunophilins, and in particular the cyclophilins, in supporting the replication cycles of human viruses. A growing body of genetic and biochemical evidence and data from clinical trials confirm that cyclophilins are essential cofactors that contribute to establishing a permissive environment within the host cell that supports the replication of HIV-1 and HCV. Cyclophilin A regulates HIV-1 replication kinetics and infectivity, modulates sensitivity to host restriction factors, and cooperates in the transit of the pre-integration complex into the nucleus of infected cells. Cyclophilin A is an essential cofactor whose expression supports HCV-specific RNA replication in human hepatocytes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase inhibitors have been used in clinical trials to validate cyclophilins as antiviral targets for the treatment of HIV-1 and Chronic Hepatitis C virus infection and as molecular probes to identify the roles played by immunophilins in supporting the replication cycles of human viruses. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes emerging research that defines the functions of immunophilins in supporting the replication cycles of HIV-1, HCV, HBV, coronaviruses, and other viral pathogens and describes new information that suggests a role for immunophilins in regulating innate immune responses against chronic viral infection. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The dependence on cyclophilins by evolutionarily distinct viruses for accomplishing various steps in replication such as viral entry, initiation of genomic nucleic acid replication, viral genome uncoating, nuclear import and nuclear entry, emphasizes the potential of cyclophilin inhibitors as therapeutic agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Proline-directed Foldases: Cell Signaling Catalysts and Drug Targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hopkins
- Department of Clinical Research, Autoimmune Technologies, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
| | - Philippe A Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
A critical role of Cyclophilins, mostly Cyclophilin A (CyPA), in the replication of HCV is supported by a growing body of in vitro and in vivo evidence. CyPA probably interacts directly with nonstructural protein 5A to exert its effect, through its peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity, on maintaining the proper structure and function of the HCV replicase. The major proline substrates are located in domain II of NS5A, centered around a “DY” dipeptide motif that regulates CyPA dependence and CsA resistance. Importantly, Cyclosporine A derivatives that lack immunosuppressive function efficiently block the CyPA-NS5A interaction and inhibit HCV in cell culture, an animal model, and human trials. Given the high genetic barrier to development of resistance and the distinctness of their mechanism from that of either the current standard of care or any specifically targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C), CyP inhibitors hold promise as a novel class of anti-HCV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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