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Crawford ED, Schally AV, Pinthus JH, Block NL, Rick FG, Garnick MB, Eckel RH, Keane TE, Shore ND, Dahdal DN, Beveridge TJR, Marshall DC. The potential role of follicle-stimulating hormone in the cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal, and cognitive effects associated with androgen deprivation therapy. Urol Oncol 2017; 35:183-191. [PMID: 28325650 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may contribute to cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal, and cognitive events in men treated for prostate cancer, with various forms of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A colloquium of prostate cancer experts was convened in May 2015, to discuss the role of FSH in the development of unwanted effects associated with ADT. Subsequently, a literature review (Medline, PubMed, and relevant congress abstract databases) was performed to further explore and evaluate the collected evidence. RESULTS It has become evident that, in the setting of ADT, FSH can promote the development of atherosclerotic plaque formation, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. Data also suggest that FSH is an important mediator of bone remodeling, particularly bone resorption, and thereby increases the risk for bone fracture. Additional evidence implicates a role for FSH in bone metastasis as well. The influence of FSH on ADT-induced cognitive deficits awaits further elucidation; however, the possibility that FSH may be involved therein cannot be ruled out. CONCLUSIONS The widespread molecular and physiological consequences of FSH system activation in normal and pathological conditions are becoming better understood. Progress in this area has been achieved by the development of additional investigative and clinical measures to better evaluate specific adverse effects. More research is needed on FSH function in the development of cancer as well as its association with cardiovascular, metabolic, musculoskeletal, and cognitive effects in ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E David Crawford
- Department of Urologic Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO.
| | - Andrew V Schally
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL; Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Jehonathan H Pinthus
- Department of Surgery, Juravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman L Block
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL; Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Ferenc G Rick
- Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL; Department of Urology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | - Marc B Garnick
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Thomas E Keane
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Neal D Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC
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Tolkach Y, Joniau S, Van Poppel H. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor agonists vs antagonists: a matter of the receptors? BJU Int 2013; 111:1021-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2013.11796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tolkach
- Urology Clinic; Military Medical Academy; Saint-Petersburg Russia
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Gasthuisberg; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Hendrik Van Poppel
- Department of Urology; University Hospital Gasthuisberg; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Harvey S, Arámburo C, Sanders EJ. Extrapituitary production of anterior pituitary hormones: an overview. Endocrine 2012; 41:19-30. [PMID: 22169962 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein hormones from the anterior pituitary gland have well-established endocrine roles in their peripheral target glands. It is, however, now known that these proteins are also produced within many of their target tissues, in which they act as local autocrine or paracrine factors, with physiological and/or pathophysiological significance. This emerging concept is the focus of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harvey
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada,
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Garde SV, Sheth AR, Kulkarni SA. FSH in testes of marmosets during development: immunocytochemical localization and de novo biosynthesis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1991; 231:119-24. [PMID: 1750707 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092310113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunocytochemical localization of FSH was carried out in various cell types of marmoset testes during development using antisera generated against intact as well as beta-subunit of human FSH. Significant differences in the intensity as well as distribution of FSH in various cell types were observed in neonatal, pubertal, and adult marmosets. Intensity of staining in Leydig cells was maximum at day 1 and in adults (1-3 years), whereas it was minimum at 3 months. In seminiferous tubules (Sertoli cells), FSH was present in trace amount until puberty and subsequently increased at maturity. Further studies demonstrate de novo biosynthesis of FSH-like moiety in vitro by testicular tissue, which was age dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Garde
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Bombay, India
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Abstract
Prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP) suppresses the synthesis as well as release of FSH from the rat pituitary whereas the carboxy terminal nonapeptide (86-94) of PIP elevated the release of pituitary FSH. Addition of a tyrosine residue at the NH2-terminal end of nonapeptide and blocking the sulfhydryl group of the cysteine residue at position 87 resulted in a decapeptide having the property of suppressing FSH release from rat pituitary. Human prostate has been shown to synthesize FSH in vitro. PIP, nonapeptide, and decapeptide modulate the prostatic FSH biosynthesis, the pattern of which was similar to that observed for pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Shah
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Bombay, India
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Garde SV, Sheth AR, Shah MG, Kulkarni SA. Prostate--an extrapituitary source of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): occurrence, localization, and de novo biosynthesis and its hormonal modulation in primates and rodents. Prostate 1991; 18:271-87. [PMID: 1711686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.2990180402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study on the immunocytochemical localization, de novo biosynthesis, and hormonal modulation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was carried out in the prostates of man, monkey, dog, guinea pig, hamster, rat, and mouse. FSH was localized in the cytoplasm of the prostatic epithelial cells. In some specimens, staining was also observed in the nucleus. Both pituitary as well as prostatic FSH were coeluted on a Sephadex G-100 column and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) indicating physicochemical similarities of FSH in both the tissues. Surprisingly, the modulation of pituitary and prostatic FSH by inhibin and its related peptides were comparable. The intensity and grandularity of FSH staining was stronger in the case of benign prostatic hyperplasia as compared with normal prostatic specimens. In view of the well-known effects of FSH on the cellular growth, differentiation, and function of gonadal tissues, a similar role for FSH in pathophysiology of prostate is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Garde
- Institute for Research in Reproduction, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bombay
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