1
|
Abstract
Capacitation is a series of morphological and metabolic changes necessary for the spermatozoon to achieve fertilizing ability. One of the earlier happenings during mammalian sperm capacitation is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that will trigger and regulate a series of events including protein phosphorylation, in a time-dependent fashion. The identity of the sperm oxidase responsible for the production of ROS involved in capacitation is still elusive, and several candidates are discussed in this review. Interestingly, ROS-induced ROS formation has been described during human sperm capacitation. Redox signaling during capacitation is associated with changes in thiol groups of proteins located on the plasma membrane and subcellular compartments of the spermatozoon. Both, oxidation of thiols forming disulfide bridges and the increase on thiol content are necessary to regulate different sperm proteins associated with capacitation. Reducing equivalents such as NADH and NADPH are necessary to support capacitation in many species including humans. Lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phospohate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase are responsible in supplying NAD (P) H for sperm capacitation. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are newly described enzymes with antioxidant properties that can protect mammalian spermatozoa; however, they are also candidates for assuring the regulation of redox signaling required for sperm capacitation. The dysregulation of PRDXs and of enzymes needed for their reactivation such as thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase system and glutathione-S-transferases impairs sperm motility, capacitation, and promotes DNA damage in spermatozoa leading to male infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian O'Flaherty
- Urology Research Laboratory, Surgery Department (Urology Division), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; The Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodriguez P, Satorre M, Beconi M. Effect of two intracellular calcium modulators on sperm motility and heparin-induced capacitation in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 131:135-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Rodriguez PC, Valdez LB, Zaobornyj T, Boveris A, Beconi MT. Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Production During Heparin-Induced Capacitation in Cryopreserved Bovine Spermatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:74-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
4
|
Córdoba M, Pintos L, Beconi MT. Variations in creatine kinase activity and reactive oxygen species levels are involved in capacitation of bovine spermatozoa. Andrologia 2008; 40:370-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2008.00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
5
|
Córdoba M, Pintos LN, Beconi MT. Heparin and quercitin generate differential metabolic pathways that involve aminotransferases and LDH-X dehydrogenase in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2007; 67:648-54. [PMID: 17084443 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and quercetin induce capacitation in spermatozoa through membrane receptor binding and inhibition of Ca-ATPase of the plasma membrane, respectively. Although capacitation is energy intensive, ammonia from amino acid metabolism can inhibit respiration and Krebs cycle activity. The objective was to determine activities of key enzymes in bull spermatozoa that contribute to the redox state and supply energy for capacitation. Malate dehydrogenase (MDH-NAD(+)), alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT, AST), and lactate dehydrogenase-X (LDH-X) were measured spectrophotometrically (340 nm); mean (+/-S.D.) activities in control spermatozoa were 7.65+/-1.67, 0.45+/-0.05 and 0.74+/-0.14x10(-2)U/10(8) spermatozoa for MDH-NAD(+), ALT and AST, respectively, and were 2.83+/-0.66U/10(8) spermatozoa for LDH-X. Heparin decreased (P<0.05) activities of MDH-NAD(+), ALT, AST and LDH-X (78, 53, 66 and 66% of control levels, respectively); we inferred that amino acid catabolism was decreased. Quercetin decreased (P<0.05) activities of MDH-NAD(+) and ALT (60 and 49% of control levels), but activities of AST and LDH-X were not significantly different from controls; apparently maintenance of LDH-X activity supplied pyruvate for cellular metabolism. The proportion of capacitated spermatozoa in controls (8.5+/-1.73%) was substantially increased (P<0.05) by treatment with either heparin (36.2+/-4.5%) or quercetin (32.8+/-4.7%), there was no significant difference among groups for acrosomal integrity and sperm viability. In conclusion, heparin- or quercetin-induced capacitation affected different metabolic pathways that modulated the redox state and oxidative metabolism in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Córdoba
- Area Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Chorroarín 280, 1427 Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Paradowska A, Bohring C, Krause E, Krause W. Identification of Evolutionary Conserved Mouse Sperm Surface Antigens by Human Antisperm Antibodies (ASA) from Infertile Patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 55:321-30. [PMID: 16635206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) in semen may impair sperm function leading to immunological infertility. The aim of the study was to identify the evolutionary conserved antigens on mouse sperm surface that react with human ASA in order to study the mechanism of autoimmune infertility. METHODS OF STUDY The binding of human ASA to mouse sperm was investigated by means of indirect immunofluorescence. 2D-electrophoresis was applied to separate the biotin-labelled mouse membrane proteins using isoelectric focusing followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cognate antigens of ASA from seminal plasma of infertile patients were analysed by Western blotting. Performing avidin-blots it was detected which of the proteins recognized were sperm surface proteins. The spots of interest were analysed by means of mass spectrometry. RESULTS ASA bound most frequently (36%) to the post-acrosomal region and to the midpiece of mouse spermatozoa. About 30% of ASA recognized apo lactate dehydrogenase (LDHC4) as a cognate antigen, 30% voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC2). ASA of 20% bound to outer dense fibre protein and 20% of samples recognized glutathione S-transferase mu5. CONCLUSIONS Human ASA bound to specific cognate antigens of mouse spermatozoa, offering the possibility to study their functional relevance in the mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Paradowska
- Department of Andrology, Clinical Training Center of the European Academy of Andrology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Córdoba M, Mora N, Beconi MT. Respiratory burst and NAD(P)H oxidase activity are involved in capacitation of cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2006; 65:882-92. [PMID: 16105676 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (a glycosaminoglycan) and quercetin (a calcium-ATPase plasma membrane specific inhibitor) induce bovine sperm capacitation. Mitochondria from frozen semen are capable of generating oxidative energy. The aim of the study was to determine oxygen uptake variation and the participation of diphenileneiodonium (DPI)-sensitive oxidases from spermatozoa capacitated with heparin or quercetin. Oxygen uptake was measured polarographically and 2 microM diphenileneiodonium (DPI) was used as a specific inhibitor of NAD(P)H-oxidases. Sperm capacitation was determined by the chlorotetracycline technique. Heparin produced a respiratory burst (17.0+/-3.2 microL O2/h/10(8) spermatozoa; mean+/-S.D.) versus control (11.3+/-0.9 microL O2/h/10(8) spermatozoa; P<0.05). Oxygen uptake and sperm hypermotility were inhibited by cyanide. Treatment with DPI blocked heparin capacitation and oxygen uptake (cyanide-sensitive) decreased to control levels. Respiration of quercetin-treated samples (cyanide-sensitive; 9.7+/-0.7 microL O2/h/10(8) spermatozoa) was not significantly different from the controls; oxygen uptake was not modified by DPI, but quercetin capacitation was inhibited (P<0.05). The effect of DPI with heparin confirmed that oxidases participate in capacitation induction. The addition of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase to heparin- or quercetin-treated samples, failed to modify oxygen uptake and blocked capacitation (P<0.05), suggesting that the superoxide anion (O2*-) participates in the capacitation induction. High mitochondrial activity from heparin-treated samples indicated that energy requirements, especially for hypermotility, were supported by the respiratory chain. Although a respiratory burst was not produced by quercetin, DPI-sensitive-oxidases (O2*- source) were necessary for capacitation. In cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa, heparin- or quercetin-induced capacitation required different levels of mitochondrial energy and DPI-sensitive oxidase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Córdoba
- Area Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Chorroarín 280, 1427 Capital Federal, Argentina.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Breininger E, Beorlegui NB, O'Flaherty CM, Beconi MT. Alpha-tocopherol improves biochemical and dynamic parameters in cryopreserved boar semen. Theriogenology 2005; 63:2126-35. [PMID: 15826678 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species which lead to lipid peroxidation of sperm membranes. The objective was to determine an alpha-tocopherol concentration capable of improving the quality of cryopreserved porcine semen. Boar spermatozoa frozen with 200, 500 or 1000 microg/mL alpha-tocopherol were thawed and incubated at 37 degrees C for 4 h. Routine parameters of semen quality, susceptibility to lipid peroxidation 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and oxygen uptake were evaluated. Motility was higher (P<0.05) in samples treated with different concentrations of alpha-tocopherol up to 2 h of incubation. Viability and acrosome integrity significantly decreased during incubation (no significant differences between treatments). Two hundred micrograms per milliliter alpha-tocopherol protected spermatozoa against lipid peroxidation during incubation, but 1000 microg/mL failed to protect after 2 h of incubation. There was a negative association between TBARS and motility, suggesting that lipid peroxidation affected sperm motility. Both control and 200 microg/mL alpha-tocopherol samples preserved the capacity to generate oxidative energy up to 1 h of incubation. The addition of 200 microg/mL alpha-tocopherol in the semen extender could be useful to preserve boar spermatozoa against the oxidative stress generated by cryopreservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Breininger
- Area of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Córdoba M, Pintos L, Beconi MT. Differential activities of malate and isocitrate NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases are involved in the induction of capacitation and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Andrologia 2005; 37:40-6. [PMID: 15644062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2004.00650.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm catabolic processes produce energy for capacitation and acrosome reaction induction required for oocyte fertilization. The aim was to determine metabolic enzymes' activities and their participation in the supply of energy and generation of the redox state to acquire fertilizing capacity. Capacitation was induced with heparin and quercetin, and the acrosome reaction with progesterone. Enzymatic activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The chlortetracycline and differential-interferential contrast microscopy/tryptan blue techniques were used to evaluate capacitation and acrosome reaction, acrosomal integrity and sperm viability respectively. A 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 ratio were obtained for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-NADP/NAD and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)-NADP/NAD activities respectively. MDH-NADP activity remained constant with different treatments, unlike MDH-NAD activity, which diminished with both capacitation inducers and in acrosome-reacted spermatozoa previously treated with heparin (P < 0.05). IDH-NADP decreased its activity 50% in spermatozoa capacitated with heparin and acrosome reacted with progesterone (P < 0.05). Capacitation and acrosome reaction processes induced with heparin and progesterone, respectively, involve a differential oxidative metabolism, with the participation of MDH-NAD(P) and IDH-NAD(P) enzymes, whose activities would be linked to the malate-aspartate, lactate-pyruvate and isocitrate cytosolic-mitochondrial shuttles. These enzymes play a major role in supplying reduction equivalents and/or energy required for capacitation and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Córdoba
- Area of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
O'Flaherty CM, Beorlegui NB, Beconi MT. Lactate dehydrogenase-C4 is involved in heparin- and NADH-dependent bovine sperm capacitation. Andrologia 2002; 34:91-7. [PMID: 11966575 DOI: 10.1046/j.0303-4569.2001.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase C4 isoenzyme (LDH-C4) is involved in the energy metabolism of spermatozoa. Sperm capacitation is considered part of an oxidative process; an NADH oxidase of plasma membrane could be responsible for superoxide anion generation which is required for capacitation. The role of LDH-C4 and the requirements of NADH in cryopreserved bovine sperm capacitation were studied. LDH-C4 activity was 5.52 +/- 3.41, 15.72 +/- 6.04 and 15.22 +/- 1.92 Units 1010 spermatozoa-1 in plasma membrane, sperm suspension and cytosol fraction, respectively; these activities were inhibited by sodium oxamate. To study the influence of oxidative substrates in capacitation, three different TALP (T) media were used: TP (pyruvate); TL (lactate) and TC (citrate); heparin or NADH was then added. There were no significant differences in the percentage of capacitation induced by heparin or NADH in TALP medium; similar levels of capacitation were achieved with TL alone or TL +heparin and TP +NADH; capacitation was inhibited with sodium oxamate in all treatments used. Cytosolic NADH may be required as a substrate for sperm oxidase. Lactate influx through plasma membrane may be utilized by cytosolic LDH-C4, increasing reduced coenzymes required for capacitation. Plasma membrane LDH-C4 may participate in the production of lactate to obtain intracellular reducing equivalents to be used by sperm oxidase for in vitro sperm capacitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M O'Flaherty
- Area de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guzmán-Grenfell AM, Bonilla-Hernández MA, González-Martínez MT. Glucose induces a Na(+),K(+)-ATPase-dependent transient hyperpolarization in human sperm. I. Induction of changes in plasma membrane potential by the proton ionophore CCCP. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1464:188-98. [PMID: 10727606 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(99)00247-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When human sperm was incubated in medium deprived of glucose, glucose restoration caused a transient hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. This hyperpolarization was also induced by fructose but not by 2-deoxyglucose, a substrate that cannot be metabolized. The hyperpolarization was inhibited by NaF, a glycolysis inhibitor, but not by mitochondrial inhibitors (cyanide, rotenone and antimycin), suggesting that it depended on glycolysis. Furthermore, the hyperpolarization was still induced in medium containing a high concentration of KCl and was insensitive to the K(+) channel blocker TEA and the Cl(-) channel blocker niflumic acid, but it was blocked by ouabain. This suggested that upon glucose addition, there was an increase in the concentration of ATP, that in turns increased the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity. Since this pump is electrogenic (2K(+)/3Na(+)) the plasma membrane hyperpolarized. On the other hand, CCCP, a proton ionophore, inhibited the hyperpolarization induced by glucose. When CCCP was added to glucose-treated hyperpolarized sperm, it caused a depolarization that triggered a Ca(2+) influx sensitive to nickel, an inhibitor of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Moreover, CCCP caused hyperpolarization in sperm incubated in medium without calcium, a known condition that depolarizes sperm. This indicated that CCCP induced proton permeability in the plasma membrane that was able to change the membrane potential to a value corresponding to the E(H) and that was also able to clamp it, so that it prevented the hyperpolarization induced by glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Guzmán-Grenfell
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica del Hospital de Especialidades del Centro Médico Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México D.F., Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Beconi MT, Francia CR, Mora NG, Affranchino MA. Effect of natural antioxidants on frozen bovine semen preservation. Theriogenology 1993; 40:841-51. [PMID: 16727365 DOI: 10.1016/0093-691x(93)90219-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/1993] [Accepted: 05/24/1993] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence exerted by natural antioxidants (Vitamin E or sodium ascorbate) was studied in various thermal treatments of semen and their effect on respiratory activity and membrane integrity during cryopreservation. Frozen bovine semen samples of diverse quality were employed in the presence and absence of antioxidants. Both in good-quality samples subjected to cold shock and in those of poor-quality standard-cooled, low superoxide dismutase activity was observed concomitantly with high malondialdehyde production; as regards oxygen uptake there was no evidence of mitochondrial coupling. In good-quality samples standard-cooled in the presence of antioxidants, greater superoxide dismutase activity, intact acrosome percentage and mitochondrial coupling were recorded as well as lower malondialdehyde production than in the controls. Natural antioxidants would seem to exert a protective effect on the membrane of the cryopreserved spermatozoon in samples from good-quality semen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Beconi
- Department of Biological Chemistry School of Veterinary Sciences University of Buenos Aires Chorroarin 280, (1427) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|