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Weber BL, Nicodemus MM, Hite AK, Spalding IR, Beaver JN, Scrimshaw LR, Kassis SK, Reichert JM, Ford MT, Russell CN, Hallal EM, Gilman TL. Heterotypic Stressors Unmask Behavioral Influences of PMAT Deficiency in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16494. [PMID: 38003684 PMCID: PMC10671398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain life stressors having enduring physiological and behavioral consequences, in part by eliciting dramatic signaling shifts in monoamine neurotransmitters. High monoamine levels can overwhelm selective transporters like the serotonin transporter. This is when polyspecific transporters like plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT, Slc29a4) are hypothesized to contribute most to monoaminergic signaling regulation. Here, we employed two distinct counterbalanced stressors-fear conditioning and swim stress-in mice to systematically determine how reductions in PMAT function affect heterotypic stressor responsivity. We hypothesized that male heterozygotes would exhibit augmented stressor responses relative to female heterozygotes. Decreased PMAT function enhanced context fear expression, an effect unexpectedly obscured by a sham stress condition. Impaired cued fear extinction retention and enhanced context fear expression in males were conversely unmasked by a sham swim condition. Abrogated corticosterone levels in male heterozygotes that underwent swim stress after context fear conditioning did not map onto any measured behaviors. In sum, male heterozygous mouse fear behaviors proved malleable in response to preceding stressor or sham stress exposure. Combined, these data indicate that reduced male PMAT function elicits a form of stress-responsive plasticity. Future studies should assess how PMAT is differentially affected across sexes and identify downstream consequences of the stress-shifted corticosterone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Lee Gilman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA
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Weber BL, Nicodemus MM, Hite AK, Spalding IR, Beaver JN, Scrimshaw LR, Kassis SK, Reichert JM, Ford MT, Russell CN, Hallal EM, Gilman TL. Heterotypic stressors unmask behavioral influences of PMAT deficiency in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555632. [PMID: 37693400 PMCID: PMC10491137 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Certain life stressors having enduring physiological and behavioral consequences, in part by eliciting dramatic signaling shifts in monoamine neurotransmitters. High monoamine levels can overwhelm selective transporters like the serotonin transporter. This is when polyspecific transporters like plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT, Slc29a4) are hypothesized to contribute most to monoaminergic signaling regulation. Here, we employed two distinct counterbalanced stressors - fear conditioning, and swim stress - in mice to systematically determine how reductions in PMAT function affect heterotypic stressor responsivity. We hypothesized male heterozygotes would exhibit augmented stressor responses relative to female heterozygotes. Decreased PMAT function enhanced context fear expression, an effect unexpectedly obscured by a sham stress condition. Impaired cued fear extinction retention and enhanced context fear expression in males were conversely unmasked by a sham swim condition. Abrogated corticosterone levels in male heterozygotes that underwent swim stress after context fear conditioning did not map on to any measured behaviors. In sum, male heterozygous mouse fear behaviors proved malleable in response to preceding stressor or sham stress exposure. Combined, these data indicate reduced male PMAT function elicits a form of stress-responsive plasticity. Future studies should assess how PMAT is differentially affected across sexes and identify downstream consequences of the stress-shifted corticosterone dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady L Weber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Marissa M Nicodemus
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Allianna K Hite
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Isabella R Spalding
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jasmin N Beaver
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Lauren R Scrimshaw
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Sarah K Kassis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Julie M Reichert
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Matthew T Ford
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Cameron N Russell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Elayna M Hallal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - T Lee Gilman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Brain Health Research Institute, Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Zhang X, Xun Y, Wang L, Zhang J, Hou W, Ma H, Cai W, Li L, Guo Q, Li Y, Lv Z, Jia R, Tai F, He Z. Involvement of the dopamine system in the effect of chronic social isolation during adolescence on social behaviors in male C57 mice. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147497. [PMID: 33894223 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the early stage of life, experiencing social isolation can generate long-lasting deleterious effects on behaviors and brain development. However, the effects of chronic social isolation during adolescence on social behaviors and its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. The present study found that four weeks of social isolation during adolescence impaired social recognition ability in the three-chamber test and five-trial social recognition test, and increased aggressive-like behaviors, but reduced environmental exploration, as showed in the social interaction test. Chronic social isolation decreased levels of dopamine D2 receptor in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and medial prefrontal cortex. It also reduced TH in the NAcc. Using in vivo fiber photometry, it was also found that isolated mice displayed a reduction in NAcc shell activity upon exploring unfamiliar social stimuli. An injection of a 100 ng dose of the D2R agonist quinpirole into the shell of the NAcc reversed behavioral abnormalities induced by chronic social isolation. These data suggest that the dopamine system is involved in alterations in social behaviors induced by chronic social isolation. This finding sheds light on the mechanism underlying abnormalities in social behavior induced by adolescent chronic social isolation and provides a promising target to treat mental diseases relevant to social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yufeng Xun
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Limin Wang
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wenjuan Hou
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wenqi Cai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Laifu Li
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Zijian Lv
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Fadao Tai
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
| | - Zhixiong He
- Institute of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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Wei S, Li Z, Ren M, Wang J, Gao J, Guo Y, Xu K, Li F, Zhu D, Zhang H, Lv R, Qiao M. Social defeat stress before pregnancy induces depressive-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in adult male offspring: correlation with neurobiological changes. BMC Neurosci 2018; 19:61. [PMID: 30326843 PMCID: PMC6192280 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys and studies with animal models have established a relationship between maternal stress and affective disorders in their offspring. However, whether maternal depression before pregnancy influences behaviour and related neurobiological mechanisms in the offspring has not been studied. RESULTS A social defeat stress (SDS) maternal rat model was established using the resident-intruder paradigm with female specific pathogen-free Wistar rats and evaluated with behavioural tests. SDS maternal rats showed a significant reduction in sucrose preference and locomotor and exploratory activities after 4 weeks of stress. In the third week of the experiment, a reduction in body weight gain was observed in SDS animals. Sucrose preference, open field, the elevated-plus maze, light-dark box, object recognition, the Morris water maze, and forced swimming tests were performed using the 2-month-old male offspring of the female SDS rats. Offspring subjected to pre-gestational SDS displayed enhanced anxiety-like behaviours, reduced exploratory behaviours, reduced sucrose preference, and atypical despair behaviours. With regard to cognition, the offspring showed significant impairments in the retention phase of the object recognition test, but no effect was observed in the acquisition phase. These animals also showed impairments in recognition memory, as the discrimination index in the Morris water maze test in this group was significantly lower for both 1 h and 24 h memory retention compared to controls. Corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and monoamine neurotransmitters levels were determined using enzyme immunoassays or radioimmunoassays in plasma, hypothalamus, left hippocampus, and left prefrontal cortex samples from the offspring of the SDS rats. These markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness and the monoaminergic system were significantly altered in pre-gestationally stressed offspring. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), and serotonin transporter (SERT) protein levels were evaluated using western blotting with right hippocampus and right prefrontal cortex samples. Expression levels of BDNF, pCREB, and SERT in the offspring were also altered in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex; however, there was no effect on CREB. CONCLUSION We conclude that SDS before pregnancy might induce depressive-like behaviours, cognitive deficits, and neurobiological alterations in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wei
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- Laboratory of Behavioural Brain Analysis, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Zifa Li
- Laboratory of Behavioural Brain Analysis, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Meng Ren
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Jie Gao
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Yinghui Guo
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Kaiyong Xu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Fang Li
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
- Fengtai Maternal and Children’s Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Dehao Zhu
- Laboratory of Behavioural Brain Analysis, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Behavioural Brain Analysis, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Rongju Lv
- Laboratory of Behavioural Brain Analysis, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355 China
| | - Mingqi Qiao
- Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #4655 University Road, University Science Park, Changqing District, Jinan, 250355 China
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Faron-Górecka A, Kuśmider M, Solich J, Kolasa M, Pabian P, Gruca P, Romańska I, Żurawek D, Szlachta M, Papp M, Antkiewicz-Michaluk L, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M. Regulation of somatostatin receptor 2 in the context of antidepressant treatment response in chronic mild stress in rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2137-2149. [PMID: 29713785 PMCID: PMC6015609 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The role of somatostatin and its receptors for the stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders has been widely raised. Recently, we have also demonstrated the involvement of somatostatin receptor type 2-sst2R and dopamine receptor type 2-D2R in stress. OBJECTIVE In this context, we decided to find if these receptors are involved in response to antidepressant treatment in animal model of depression-chronic mild stress (CMS). METHODS Here, we report data obtained following 7-week CMS procedure. The specific binding of [125I]Tyr3-Octreotide to sst2R and [3H]Domperidone to D2R was measured in the rat brain, using autoradiography. Additionally, the level of dopamine and metabolites was measured in the rat brain. RESULTS In the final baseline test after 7 weeks of stress, the reduced consumption of sucrose solution was observed (controls vs the stressed animals (6.25 0.16 vs. 10.39 0.41; p < 0.05). Imipramine was administered for the next 5 weeks, and it reversed anhedonia in majority of animals (imipramine-reactive); however, in some animals, it did not (imipramine-non-reactive). Two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant effects of stress and treatment and time interaction [F(16, 168) = 3.72; p < 0.0001], n = 10 per groups. We observed decreased binding of [125I]Tyr3-Octreotide in most of rat brain regions in imipramine non-reactive groups of animals. The decrease of D2R after stress in striatum and nucleus accumbens and no effect of imipramine were observed. In the striatum and prefrontal cortex, the significant role of stress and imipramine in dopamine levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in binding assays, together with dopamine level, indicate the involvement of sst2R receptors for reaction to antidepressant treatment. Besides, the stress context itself changes the effect of antidepressant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Faron-Górecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kuśmider
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Solich
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kolasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Pabian
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Romańska
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Szlachta
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Behavioral Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lucyna Antkiewicz-Michaluk
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Dziedzicka-Wasylewska
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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Campus P, Canterini S, Orsini C, Fiorenza MT, Puglisi-Allegra S, Cabib S. Stress-Induced Reduction of Dorsal Striatal D2 Dopamine Receptors Prevents Retention of a Newly Acquired Adaptive Coping Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:621. [PMID: 28955227 PMCID: PMC5601053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to learn an adaptive coping strategy in a novel stressful condition leads to dysfunctional stress coping, a marker of mental disturbances. This study tested the involvement of dorsal striatal dopamine receptors in the dysfunctional coping with the Forced Swim test fostered by a previous experience of reduced food availability. Adult male mice were submitted to a temporary (12 days) reduction of food availability [food-restricted (FR)] or continuously free-fed (FF). Different groups of FF and FR mice were used to evaluate: (1) dorsal striatal mRNA levels of the two isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2S, D2L). (2) Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the dorsal striatum; (3) acquisition and 24 h retention of passive coping with Forced Swim. Additional groups of FF mice were tested for 24 h retention of passive coping acquired during a first experience with Forced Swim immediately followed by intra-striatal infusion of vehicle or two doses of the dopamine D2/D3 receptors antagonist sulpiride or the D1/D5 receptors antagonist SCH23390. Previous restricted feeding selectively reduced mRNA levels of both D2 isoforms and abolished Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and selectively prevented 24 h retention of the coping strategy acquired in a first experience of Forced Swim. Finally, temporary blockade of left Dorsolateral Striatum D2/D3 receptors immediately following the first Forced Swim experience selectively reproduced the behavioral effect of restricted feeding in FF mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that mice previously exposed to a temporary reduction of food availability show low striatal D2 receptors, a known marker of addiction-associated aberrant neuroplasticity, as well as liability to relapse into maladaptive stress coping strategies. Moreover, they offer strong support to a causal relationship between reduction of D2 receptors in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and impaired consolidation of newly acquired adaptive coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Campus
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann ArborMI, United States
| | - Sonia Canterini
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy
| | - Cristina Orsini
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fiorenza
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Cabib
- Department of Psychology, Center 'Daniel Bovet', Sapienza Università di RomaRome, Italy.,Fondazione Santa Lucia (IRCCS)Rome, Italy
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Gracia-Rubio I, Martinez-Laorden E, Moscoso-Castro M, Milanés MV, Laorden ML, Valverde O. Maternal Separation Impairs Cocaine-Induced Behavioural Sensitization in Adolescent Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167483. [PMID: 27936186 PMCID: PMC5147915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse early-life conditions induce persistent disturbances that give rise to negative emotional states. Therefore, early life stress confers increased vulnerability to substance use disorders, mainly during adolescence as the brain is still developing. In this study, we investigated the consequences of maternal separation, a model of maternal neglect, on the psychotropic effects of cocaine and the neuroplasticity of the dopaminergic system. Our results show that mice exposed to maternal separation displayed attenuated behavioural sensitization, while no changes were found in the rewarding effects of cocaine in the conditioned place preference paradigm and in the reinforcing effects of cocaine in the self-administration paradigm. The evaluation of neuroplasticity in the striatal dopaminergic pathways revealed that mice exposed to maternal separation exhibited decreased protein expression levels of D2 receptors and increased levels of the transcriptional factor Nurr1. Furthermore, animals exposed to maternal separation and treated with cocaine exhibited increased DA turnover and protein expression levels of DAT and D2R, while decreased Nurr1 and Pitx3 protein expression levels were observed when compared with saline-treated mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that maternal separation caused an impairment of cocaine-induced behavioural sensitization possibly due to a dysfunction of the dopaminergic system, a dysfunction that has been proposed as a factor of vulnerability for developing substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC). Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martinez-Laorden
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Moscoso-Castro
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC). Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Luisa Laorden
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC). Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Research Program. IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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8
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Cross-Generational trans Fat Consumption Favors Self-Administration of Amphetamine and Changes Molecular Expressions of BDNF, DAT, and D1/D2 Receptors in the Cortex and Hippocampus of Rats. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:319-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Lakehayli S, Said N, Khachibi ME, Ouahli ME, Nadifi S, Hakkou F, Tazi A. Long-term effects of prenatal stress and diazepam on D2 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens of adult rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 594:133-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Initial d2 dopamine receptor sensitivity predicts cocaine sensitivity and reward in rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78258. [PMID: 24223783 PMCID: PMC3817276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of dopamine receptors within the mesolimbic dopamine system is known to be involved in the initiation and maintenance of cocaine use. Expression of the D2 dopamine receptor subtype has been implicated as both a predisposing factor and consequence of chronic cocaine use. It is unclear whether there is a predictive relationship between D2 dopamine receptor function and cocaine sensitivity that would enable cocaine abuse. Therefore, we exploited individual differences in behavioral responses to D2 dopamine receptor stimulation to test its relationship with cocaine-mediated behaviors. Outbred, male Sprague-Dawley rats were initially characterized by their locomotor responsiveness to the D2 dopamine receptor agonist, quinpirole, in a within-session ascending dose-response regimen (0, 0.1, 0.3 & 1.0 mg/kg, sc). Rats were classified as high or low quinpirole responders (HD2 and LD2, respectively) by a median split of their quinpirole-induced locomotor activity. Rats were subsequently tested for differences in the psychostimulant effects of cocaine by measuring changes in cocaine-induced locomotor activity (5 and 15 mg/kg, ip). Rats were also tested for differences in the development of conditioned place preference to a low dose of cocaine (7.5 mg/kg, ip) that does not reliably produce a cocaine conditioned place preference. Finally, rats were tested for acquisition of cocaine self-administration and maintenance responding on fixed ratio 1 and 5 schedules of reinforcement, respectively. Results demonstrate that HD2 rats have enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor stimulating properties of cocaine, display greater cocaine conditioned place preference, and self-administer more cocaine compared to LD2 animals. These findings suggest that individual differences in D2 dopamine receptor sensitivity may be predictive of cocaine sensitivity and reward.
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11
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Mesolimbic dopamine D₂ receptor plasticity contributes to stress resilience in rats subjected to chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:583-93. [PMID: 23377023 PMCID: PMC3663201 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-2990-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Few studies have investigated neurobiological and biochemical differences between stress-resilient and stress-vulnerable experimental animals. OBJECTIVES We investigated alterations in mesolimbic dopamine D2 receptor density and mRNA expression level in stressed rats at two time points, i.e. after 2 and 5 weeks of chronic mild stress (CMS). METHODS We used the chronic mild stress paradigm because it is a well-established animal model of depression. Two groups of stressed rats were distinguished during CMS experiments: (1) stress reactive (70 %), which displayed a decrease in the drinking of a palatable sucrose solution during the stress regimen, and (2) stress resilient (30 %), which exhibited an unaltered drinking profile when compared with the unchallenged control group. [(3)H]Domperidone was used as a ligand to label dopamine D2 receptors, and a mixture of three specific oligonucleotides was used to evaluate dopamine D2 receptor mRNA changes in various regions of the rat brain. RESULTS CMS strongly affected the mesolimbic dopamine circuit in stress-resilient group after 2 weeks and stress-reactive group of rats after 5 weeks which exhibited a decrease in the level of dopamine D2 receptor protein without alterations in D2 mRNA expression. Stress-resilient animals, but not stress-reactive animals, effectively adapted to the extended stress and coped with it. The increase in D2 mRNA expression returned the dopamine D2 receptor density to control levels in stress-resilient rats after 5 weeks of CMS, but not in stress-reactive animals. CONCLUSIONS These results clearly demonstrate that, despite earlier blunting, the activation of dopamine receptor biosynthesis in the dopamine mesoaccumbens system in stress-resilient rats is involved in active coping with stressful experiences, and it exhibits a delay in time.
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Rygula R, Abumaria N, Flügge G, Fuchs E, Rüther E, Havemann-Reinecke U. Anhedonia and motivational deficits in rats: impact of chronic social stress. Behav Brain Res 2005; 162:127-34. [PMID: 15922073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress, especially chronic stress, is one of the most important factors responsible for precipitation of affective disorders in humans. The animal models commonly used in the investigation of stress effects are based mainly on powerful physical stressors. In the majority of cases, these models are not relevant to situations that human beings encounter in everyday life. In our study, an animal model for chronic social stress has been developed for rats using a resident-intruder paradigm. This paradigm is considered a model of social defeat or subordination, and therefore may mimic situations occurring in humans. Rats were subjected daily to subordination stress for a period of five weeks and, in parallel, tested with a battery of behavioural tests. Chronically stressed rats showed behavioural changes, including decreased motility and exploratory activity, increased immobility in a forced swim test, and reduced preference for sweet sucrose solution (anhedonia). Reduced locomotor and exploratory activity represents a loss of interest in new stimulating situations, implying a deficit in motivation. Increased immobility in the forced swim test indicates behavioural despair, a characteristic of depressive disorders. Decreased sucrose preference may indicate desensitisation of the brain reward mechanism. Since anhedonia is one of the core symptoms of depression in humans, our findings suggest that the rat chronic social stress model may be an appropriate model for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Rygula
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, von Sieboldstr. 5, D37075 Goettingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Zucker M, Weizman A, Rehavi M. Repeated swim stress leads to down-regulation of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in rat brain nucleus accumbens and striatum. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2005; 15:199-201. [PMID: 15695065 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2004.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Accepted: 08/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the impact of chronic swim stress in rats (daily for 3 weeks) on vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) in the nucleus accumbens and striatum. Exposure to repeated swim stress resulted in significant reduction in VMAT2 density in nucleus accumbens (20%, p<0.01) and striatum subregions (21-38%, p<0.001). The down-regulation of VMAT2 in this dopaminergic regions may serve as an adaptatory mechanism in the response to prolonged stress, and may be relevant to chronic stress-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
In this review, we will examine the most recent preclinical evidence in support of the fact that both acute and chronic stress may have a detrimental impact on the normal function of the dopaminergic system. In recent decades, the term stress has changed its meaning from that of a 'non-specific body response' to a 'monitoring system of internal and external cues'; that is a modality of reaction of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) which is critical to the adaptation of the organism to its environment. Compelling results have demonstrated that the dopaminergic system is important not only for hedonic impact or reward learning but also, in a broader sense, for reactivity to perturbation in environmental conditions, for selective information processing, and for general emotional responses, which are essential functions in the ability (or failure) to cope with the external world. In this, stress directly influences several basic behaviors which are mediated by the dopaminergic system such as locomotor activity, sexual activity, appetite, and cross sensitization with drugs of abuse. Studies using rat lines which are genetically different in dopamine (DA) physiology, have shown that even small alterations in the birth procedure or early life stress events may contribute to the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders-in particular those involving central DA dysfunction-and may cause depression or psychotic derangement in the offspring. Finally, the fact that the dopaminergic system after stress responds, preferentially, in the medial prefrontal cortex (MFC), is thought to serve, in humans, as a protection against positive psychotic symptoms, since the increased DA activity in the MFC suppresses limbic DA transmission. However, excessive MFC dopaminergic activity has a negative impact on the cognitive functions of primates, making them unable to select and process significant environmental stimuli. Thus it appears that a critical range of DA turnover is necessary for optimal cognitive functioning after stress, in the response of the CNS to ever-changing environmental demands. Molecular Psychiatry (2000) 5, 14-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pani
- CNR Center for Neuropharmacology and 'BB Brodie' Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Johnson RE, Schallert T, Becker JB. Akinesia and postural abnormality after unilateral dopamine depletion. Behav Brain Res 1999; 104:189-96. [PMID: 11125738 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(99)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Following unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine depletion rats engage in drug-induced and spontaneous turning. These asymmetric behaviors are associated with a hemispheric asymmetry in the dopamine function. Several tests of 'spontaneous' behavior have revealed other abnormalities, primarily in posture and akinesia. A test is described here which quantifies postural abnormalities, as well as difficulties in initiating and terminating movement. This test may be suitable for evaluating aspects of dopamine-mediated behaviors not addressed by drug tests and may prove valuable in evaluating the potential of new treatment strategies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
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Shively CA. Social subordination stress, behavior, and central monoaminergic function in female cynomolgus monkeys. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44:882-91. [PMID: 9807643 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social subordination in female cynomolgus monkeys is stressful and activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. In a previous experiment behavioral depression was observed in a subset of subordinates. METHODS In the experiment reported here behavioral and physiological indicators of stress were evaluated in dominant and subordinate female cynomolgus monkeys, and brain dopaminergic activity was assessed, as reflected in the prolactin response to haloperidol, a dopamine2 (D2) receptor antagonist. RESULTS Subordinates were aggressed more, spent more time in fearful scanning of the social environment, spent less time as the recipients of the active affiliative behavior of being groomed, had more variable heart rates in response to a novel environment, and were hypercortisolemic compared to dominants. Prolactin responses to haloperidol challenge were lower in subordinates than dominants, an observation consistent with the hypothesis that subordinate females have decreased D2 receptor function. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that social subordination is stressful and may alter brain dopaminergic function in primates. The neurophysiological characteristics of social subordinates may contribute to their susceptibility to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Shively
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1040, USA
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Gil M, Armario A. Chronic immobilization stress appears to increase the role of dopamine in the control of active behaviour in the forced swimming test. Behav Brain Res 1998; 91:91-7. [PMID: 9578443 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that chronic exposure to immobilization (IMO) did not modify the influence of catecholamines on active behaviour of rats in the holeboard, but clearly increased the role of these amines in the forced swimming test (FST). In the present experiment, it was studied whether or not chronic IMO altered the role of dopamine in the two tests. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were left either undisturbed or subjected daily to 2 h of IMO stress for 12 days. On the following day, half of the rats were administered saline and the others the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg). Then the rats remained undisturbed in the animal room (controls) or were subjected to acute IMO for 2 h. Finally, all animals were exposed consecutively to the holeboard (4 min) and the FST (5 min). In non-chronically stressed rats, acute IMO depressed behaviour in the holeboard but not in the FST. In chronic IMO rats the inhibitory effect of acute IMO on holeboard activity was slightly reduced as compared to controls. Acute IMO increased struggling in rats previously exposed to chronic IMO but did not alter struggling in non-chronically stressed rats. Whereas the inhibition caused by haloperidol treatment in the active behaviour of rats in the holeboard was not altered by chronic IMO, the inhibitory effect of haloperidol in the active behaviour of rats in the FST was greater after chronic IMO, particularly in rats also subjected to acute IMO. These data suggest that chronic IMO stress potentiates the role of dopamine in a specific behavioural task such as the FST and adds support to the previously published data demonstrating enhanced behavioural and neurochemical responses to dopamine-related drugs after chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gil
- Departament de Biologia Cellular i de Fisiologia, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Stodgell CJ, Loupe PS, Schroeder SR, Tessel RE. Cross-sensitization between footshock stress and apomorphine on self-injurious behavior and neostriatal catecholamines in a rat model of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Brain Res 1998; 783:10-8. [PMID: 9479035 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of footshock sensitization (priming), apomorphine (APO) priming and their combination on behavior and neostriatal and cortical catecholamines were examined in adult rats which had neonatally received bilateral intracerebroventricular injections with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; a model of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS)) or vehicle (unlesioned rats). Lesioned (6-OHDA-treated) rats displayed self-biting (SB; 7/20 rats) and self-injurious behavior (SIB; 1/20 rats) during APO priming, but not during footshock priming. During subsequent acute cumulative APO dosing, 20-30% of lesioned rats primed with APO alone or footshock alone displayed SB and SIB. However, SB and SIB incidence in APO+footshock-primed lesioned rats was nearly tripled. Dopamine (DA) synthesis, metabolism and extracellular concentrations (disposition) in unlesioned rats and in cortices of lesioned animals were unaffected by priming. In lesioned rats primed with APO alone or footshock alone, only neostriatal 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) was significantly increased. However, neostriatal DA and metabolite concentrations (and norepinephrine (NE)) were all significantly elevated in lesioned rats primed with both APO and footshock. These results confirm that neonatal 6-OHDA-induced neostriatal catecholamine depletion can be antagonized by experiential change, suggest that behavioral and neurochemical cross-sensitization between APO and footshock in such rats is unidirectional and support the view that stress can exacerbate the incidence of SIB in LNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stodgell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 5036A Malott, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2505, USA
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Shively CA, Grant KA, Ehrenkaufer RL, Mach RH, Nader MA. Social stress, depression, and brain dopamine in female cynomolgus monkeys. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 807:574-7. [PMID: 9071402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Socially subordinate adult female cynomolgus monkeys are hypercortisolemic, the targets of aggression, fearful, vigilant, receive little positive affiliative contact, exhibit pathological behaviors indicating anxiety, and are disengaged in the social events around them. Subordinates also have altered dopaminergic activity that may be due to decreased D2 receptor binding. Dopaminergic activity indices were more closely associated with affiliative than agonistic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Shively
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
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Brock JW, Hamdi A, Ross K, Payne S, Prasad C. REM sleep deprivation alters dopamine D2 receptor binding in the rat frontal cortex. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1995; 52:43-8. [PMID: 7501677 DOI: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00411-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
REM sleep deprivation (RSD) of rats results in facilitation of dopaminergic behavior and an increase in striatal D2 receptor density. To determine whether RSD results in changes in D2 receptor in other brain regions, receptor affinity (Kd) and density (Bmax) were measured in the anteromediofrontal (AM), cingulate (CN), and sulcal cortex (SL) in four groups of rats: 1), RSD96 group (RSD for 96 h; small pedestal/water tank method), 2) RSD24 group (large pedestals for 72 h then small pedestals for 24 h), 3) tank control group (TC; large pedestals for 96 h), and 4) cage control group. In separate groups, ambulation was recorded for 30 min following treatments. Group RSD96 showed an increase in activity compared to TC, and TC was increased compared to CC (p < 0.05 for all). In group RSD24, the AM showed an increase in Bmax and Kd (p < 0.05), but there were no effects by RSD96. In the CN, Bmax and Kd were decreased by RSD96 (p < 0.05) but not RSD24. In the SL, Bmax was increased by RSD96, but not RSD24, whereas Kd was increased in both RSD groups (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Brock
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Emborg ME, Colombo JA. Long-term MPTP-treated monkeys are resistant to GM1 systemic therapy. MOLECULAR AND CHEMICAL NEUROPATHOLOGY 1994; 21:75-82. [PMID: 8179773 DOI: 10.1007/bf03160086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
GM1 has been reported to promote sprouting of dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons when administered at the time of MPTP treatment. Owing to its potential clinical significance, we evaluated behavioral effects of GM1 treatment in three Cebus apella monkeys with a persistent hemiparkinsonian syndrome after 20-22 mo of an intracarotid infusion of MPTP. MPTP monkeys compared with normal ones presented difficulty in solving motor cognitive tests and reversal of circling activity after apomorphine treatment. Monkeys were treated during 3 wk with daily saline, followed by 4 wk with GM1 (20 mg/kg, im). Neither during saline nor GM1 treatment, nor 30 d afterwards, did the animals improve their performances nor did the apomorphine tests reveal significant changes in circling behavior. These results are discussed in terms of their possible implications for Parkinson disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Emborg
- Programa Unidad de Neurobiologia Aplicada (PRUNA) (CEMIC-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cabib S, Puglisi-Allegra S, D'Amato FR. Effects of postnatal stress on dopamine mesolimbic system responses to aversive experiences in adult life. Brain Res 1993; 604:232-9. [PMID: 8457851 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(93)90374-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of postnatal stress on mesolimbic dopamine (DA) functioning in 90-day-old mice were investigated. Postnatal stress consisted of 15 min daily exposure to clean bedding (CB) in the absence of the mother for the first two weeks of life. Controls were daily exposed to home cage bedding (HCB) in the absence of the mother. A single brief (5-10 min) exposure to restraint produced a clear-cut increase in DA metabolites (3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT)) in the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) of adult HCB but not CB mice. Moreover, when tested in an elevated plus maze, CB mice showed more exploration and reduced fearfulness in comparison with HCB mice. Taken together, these results indicate reduced emotional reactivity in adult mice repeatedly stressed during postnatal development. Moreover, HCB mice but not CB mice showed altered behavioral responsiveness to apomorphine following repeated restraint stress (10 daily 120 min) in adult life, although no difference in the behavioral response to either a low or a high dose of apomorphine was observed in adult unstressed mice of the CB and HCB groups. These results indicate that the effects of early experiences on brain DA functioning may not be evident in basal conditions and be revealed only under environmental pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cabib
- Istituto di Psicobiologia e Psicofarmacologia, CNR, Roma, Italy
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