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Bhuia MS, Wilairatana P, Ferdous J, Chowdhury R, Bappi MH, Rahman MA, Mubarak MS, Islam MT. Hirsutine, an Emerging Natural Product with Promising Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6141. [PMID: 37630393 PMCID: PMC10458569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are used not only for nutritional purposes but also as therapeutics to treat various diseases and ailments. These food items are prominent sources of phytochemicals that exhibit chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against several diseases. Hirsutine (HSN) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid found in various Uncaria species and has a multitude of therapeutic benefits. It is found in foodstuffs such as fish, seafood, meat, poultry, dairy, and some grain products among other things. In addition, it is present in fruits and vegetables including corn, cauliflower, mushrooms, potatoes, bamboo shoots, bananas, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits. The primary emphasis of this study is to summarize the pharmacological activities and the underlying mechanisms of HSN against different diseases, as well as the biopharmaceutical features. For this, data were collected (up to date as of 1 July 2023) from various reliable and authentic literature by searching different academic search engines, including PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Wiley Online, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Findings indicated that HSN exerts several effects in various preclinical and pharmacological experimental systems. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and antioxidant activities with beneficial effects in neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Our findings also indicate that HSN exerts promising anticancer potentials via several molecular mechanisms, including apoptotic cell death, induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxic effect, anti-proliferative effect, genotoxic effect, and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion against various cancers such as lung, breast, and antitumor effects in human T-cell leukemia. Taken all together, findings from this study show that HSN can be a promising therapeutic agent to treat various diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh;
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Mehedi Hasan Bappi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Md Anisur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; (M.S.B.); (R.C.); (M.H.B.)
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Li J, Li JX, Jiang H, Li M, Chen L, Wang YY, Wang L, Zhang N, Guo HZ, Ma KL. Phytochemistry and biological activities of corynanthe alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113786. [PMID: 37422009 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants constitute a source for designing clinically useful drugs targeting diseases through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites can be used as lead compounds of drugs. Corynanthe alkaloids are highly abundant natural bioactive substances of various core structures possessing important properties such as nerve excitation and antimalarial and analgesic effects. In this review, we summarize and review the state-of-the-art corynanthe-type alkaloid research focusing on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and structural chemistry. Approximately 120 articles reporting 231 alkaloids classified into simple corynanthe, yohimbine, oxindole corynanthe, mavacurane, sarpagine, akuammiline, strychnos, and ajmaline-type groups were compiled. Relevant biological properties discussed include antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, muscle-relaxant, vasorelaxant, and analgesic activities and activities affecting the main nervous and cardiac systems, as well as NF-κB inhibitory and Na+-glucose cotransporter inhibitory properties. This review provides insights and a reference for future studies, thus paving the way for the discovery of drugs based on corynanthe alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jia-Xing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yue-Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - He-Zhe Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Kai-Long Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Huang KP, Xu LL, Li S, Wei YL, Yang L, Hao XJ, He HP, Zhang Y. Uncarialines A-E, new alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their anticoagulant activity. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:13. [PMID: 37043142 PMCID: PMC10097851 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Uncarialines A-E (1-5), five undescribed monoterpene indole alkaloids, together with five known analogues were obtained from the stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Alkaloids 1-3 were unique 3,4-seco-tricyclic alkaloids with a 6/5/10 ring system, while 4 and 5 possessed a rare rearranged scaffold originated from corynantheine-type alkaloids with C-2/C-7 oxidation. Their structures were characterized by a comprehensive analysis of MS, NMR, and ECD. Their effects on blood clotting times of human plasma were evaluated and alkaloid 5 had a slight prolongation effect on both thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time (p < 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Pu Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Ling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Hu W, Yan G, Ding Q, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Lei H, Zhu YZ. Update of Indoles: Promising molecules for ameliorating metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112957. [PMID: 35462330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders have gradually become public health-threatening problems. The metabolic disorder is a cluster of complex metabolic abnormalities which are featured by dysfunction in glucose and lipid metabolism, and results from the increasing prevalence of visceral obesity. With the core driving factor of insulin resistance, metabolic disorder mainly includes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), micro and macro-vascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dyslipidemia, and the dysfunction of gut microbiota. Strategies and therapeutic attention are demanded to decrease the high risk of metabolic diseases, from lifestyle changes to drug treatment, especially herbal medicines. Indole is a parent substance of numerous bioactive compounds, and itself can be produced by tryptophan catabolism to stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and inhibit the development of obesity. In addition, in heterocycles drug discovery, the indole scaffold is primarily found in natural compounds with versatile biological activity and plays a prominent role in drug molecules synthesis. In recent decades, plenty of natural or synthesized indole deriviatives have been investigated and elucidated to exert effects on regulating glucose hemeostasis and lipd metabolism. The aim of this review is to trace and emphasize the compounds containing indole scaffold that possess immense potency on preventing metabolic disorders, particularly T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, therefore facilitate a better comprehension of their druggability and application in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Ziming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Heping Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Miller ER, Scheidt KA. Enantioselective Syntheses of Yohimbine Alkaloids: Proving Grounds for New Catalytic Transformations. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022; 54:1217-1230. [PMID: 36187077 PMCID: PMC9524398 DOI: 10.1055/a-1684-2942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of bioactive alkaloids is an enduring challenge and an indication of the state of the art of chemical synthesis. With the explosion of catalytic asymmetric methods over the past three decades, these compelling targets have been fertile proving grounds for enantioselective bond forming transformations. These activities are summarized herein both to highlight the power and versatility of these methods and to instill future inspiration for new syntheses of these privileged natural products.
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Secondary Metabolites of Plants as Modulators of Endothelium Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052533. [PMID: 33802468 PMCID: PMC7959468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide. They may be caused by various factors or combinations of factors. Frequently, endothelial dysfunction is involved in either development of the disorder or results from it. On the other hand, the endothelium may be disordered for other reasons, e.g., due to infection, such as COVID-19. The understanding of the role and significance of the endothelium in the body has changed significantly over time—from a simple physical barrier to a complex system encompassing local and systemic regulation of numerous processes in the body. Endothelium disorders may arise from impairment of one or more signaling pathways affecting dilator or constrictor activity, including nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate activation, prostacyclin–cyclic adenosine monophosphate activation, phosphodiesterase inhibition, and potassium channel activation or intracellular calcium level inhibition. In this review, plants are summarized as sources of biologically active substances affecting the endothelium. This paper compares individual substances and mechanisms that are known to affect the endothelium, and which subsequently may cause the development of cardiovascular disorders.
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Meng J, Su R, Wang L, Yuan B, Li L. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of action (MOA) of hirsutine on the proliferation of T-cell leukemia Jurkat clone E6-1 cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10692. [PMID: 33604171 PMCID: PMC7863788 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The bark of Uncaria rhynchophylla has been traditionally used to treat convulsion, bleeding, hypertension, auto-immune conditions, cancer, and other diseases. The main focus of this research is done for the purpose of exploring the antitumor activity and mechanism of action (MOA) for hirsutine isolated from U. rhynchophylla. Methods Jurkat clone E6-1 cells were treated using 10, 25 and 50 μM for 48 h. Inhibition of cell proliferation due to hirsutine treatment was evaluated by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was applied to ascertain Jurkat cell cycle progression and apoptosis after treatment with 10, 25 and 50 μM hirsutine for 48 h. The expression and level of the apoptosis-related genes and proteins was analyzed by Real-time Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting method, respectively. Results CCK8 analyses revealed that hirsutine could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat clone E6-1 cells, in a concentration and time-dependent fashion. Flow cytometry assays revealed that hirsutine could drive apoptotic death and G0/G1 phase arrest in Jurkat cells. Apoptotic cells frequencies were 4.99 ± 0.51%, 13.69 ± 2.00% and 40.21 ± 15.19%, and respective cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 accounted for 34.85 ± 1.81%, 42.83 ± 0.70% and 49.12 ± 4.07%. Simultaneously, compared with the control group, Western blot assays indicated that the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, cleaved-caspase3, cleaved-caspase9 and Cyto c proteins, as well as the down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein which guards against cell death, might be correlated with cell death induction and inhibition of cell proliferation. QPCR analyses indicated that hirsutine could diminish BCL2 expression and, at the same time, improve Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 mRNA levels, thus reiterating a putative correlation of hirsutine treatment in vitro with apoptosis induction and inhibition of cell proliferation (p-value < 0.05). Excessive hirsutine damages the ultrastructure in mitochondria, leading to the release of Cyt c from the mitochondria to cytoplasm in Jurkat clone E6-1 cells, thereby inducing the activated caspase cascade apoptosis process through a mitochondria-mediated pathway. Conclusion An important bioactive constituent-hirsutine-appears to have antitumor effects in human T-cell leukemia, thus enlightening the use of phytomedicines as a novel source for tumor therapy. It is speculated that hirsutine may induce apoptosis of Jurkat Clone E6-1 cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Efficient synthesis of cyano-containing multi-substituted indoles catalyzed by lipase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104583. [PMID: 33421956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoles are important bioactive compounds that have been extensively studied in organic chemistry. In this work, a green and efficient process for the synthesis of Indoles from 1,3-diketones with fumaronitrile was developed. RESULTS Under optimal conditions (1,3-diketones (0.5 mmol), fumaronitrile (1 mmol), water (2 ml), lipase (15 mg), 30 °C, 24 h), high yields and satisfactory regioselectivity of cyano-containing multi-substituted indoles could be obtained when CRL (C. rugosa lipase) was used as the catalyst. CONCLUSION This enzymatic method demonstrates the great potential for the synthesis of indoles and extends the application of enzyme in organic synthesis.
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Yun WJ, Zhang XY, Liu TT, Liang JH, Sun CP, Yan JK, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhang BJ, Huang HL, Ma XC. The inhibition effect of uncarialin A on voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C: Inhibition potential and molecular stimulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tong X, Shi B, Liu Q, Huo Y, Xia C. Retro-biosynthetic construction of corynanthe alkaloid skeletons from rhynchophylline alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8062-8066. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01740b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Corynanthe alkaloids could be generated from rhynchophylline alkaloids in a retro-biosynthetic manner via a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- China
| | - Bingfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- China
| | - Yanman Huo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- China
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province)
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
- China
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Lee K, Joo H, Sun M, Kim M, Kim B, Lee BJ, Cho JH, Jung JY, Park JW, Bu Y. Review on the characteristics of liver-pacifying medicinal in relation to the treatment of stroke: from scientific evidence to traditional medical theory. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcm.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hishiki T, Kato F, Tajima S, Toume K, Umezaki M, Takasaki T, Miura T. Hirsutine, an Indole Alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, Inhibits Late Step in Dengue Virus Lifecycle. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1674. [PMID: 28912773 PMCID: PMC5582420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes and is a public health issue worldwide. No antiviral drugs specific for treating dengue infection are currently available. To identify novel DENV inhibitors, we analyzed a library of 95 compounds and 120 extracts derived from crude drugs (herbal medicines). In the primary screening, A549 cells infected with DENV-1 were cultured in the presence of each compound and extract at a final concentration of 10 μM (compound) and 100 μg/mL (extract), and reduction of viral focus formation was assessed. Next, we eliminated compounds and extracts which were cytotoxic using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, was identified as a potent anti-DENV compound exhibiting high efficacy and low cytotoxicity. Hirsutine showed antiviral activity against all DENV serotypes. Time-of-drug-addition and time-of-drug-elimination assays indicated that hirsutine inhibits the viral particle assembly, budding, or release step but not the viral translation and replication steps in the DENV lifecycle. A subgenomic replicon system was used to confirm that hirsutine does not restrict viral genome RNA replication. Hirsutine is a novel DENV inhibitor and potential candidate for treating dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hishiki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kato
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tajima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Masahito Umezaki
- Division of Chemo-Bioinformatics, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | | | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyoto, Japan
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Lou C, Yokoyama S, Abdelhamed S, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Targeting the ataxia telangiectasia mutated pathway for effective therapy against hirsutine-resistant breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:295-300. [PMID: 27347141 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present authors have recently demonstrated that hirsutine, one of the major alkaloids in Uncaria species, promotes cell apoptosis by inducing DNA damage and suppresses metastasis of breast cancer cells. Despite its potent anti-cancer activity, certain types of human breast cancer cells exhibit resistance to hirsutine. To maximize the clinical utility of hirsutine therapy against breast cancer, it is critical to explore the underlying mechanism that protects hirsutine-resistant breast cancer cell lines. To identify potential targets for overcoming hirsutine-resistance, the present study investigated a library of kinase inhibitors in combination with hirsutine treatment in the hirsutine-resistant human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line. Amongst the 96 compounds tested, inhibitors of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway sensitized MCF-7 cells to hirsutine-induced cell death along with a sustained DNA damage response. This sensitization of MCF-7 cells to the hirsutine-induced DNA damage response by interfering with the ATM pathway did not require p53. Instead, radical oxygen species generation was significantly increased in hirsute and ATM inhibitor-treated MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, the present findings suggest the importance of the ATM pathway for optimizing the anti-cancer effect of hirsutine in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Sherif Abdelhamed
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Lou C, Yokoyama S, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Selective anticancer activity of hirsutine against HER2‑positive breast cancer cells by inducing DNA damage. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:2072-6. [PMID: 25672479 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirsutine is one of the major alkaloids isolated from plants of the Uncaria genus and is known for its cardioprotective, anti‑hypertensive and anti-arrhythmic activities. We recently reported that hirsutine is an anti-metastatic phytochemical by targeting NF-κB activation in a murine breast cancer model. In the present study, we further examined the clinical utility of hirsutine against human breast cancer. Among six distinct human breast cancer cell lines, hirsutine showed strong cytotoxicity against HER2-positive/p53-mutated MDA-MB‑453 and BT474 cell lines. Conversely, HER2-negative/p53 wild‑type MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cell lines showed resistance against hirsutine-induced cytotoxicity. Hirsutine induced apoptotic cell death in the MDA-MB-453 cells, but not in the MCF-7 cells, through activation of caspases. Furthermore, hirsutine induced the DNA damage response in the MDA-MB-453 cells, but not in the MCF-7 cells, as highlighted by the upregulation of γH2AX expression. Along with the induction of the DNA damage response, the suppression of HER2, NF-κB and Akt pathways and the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in the MDA-MB-453 cells were observed. Considering that there was no difference between MDA-MB-453 and MCF-7 cells in regards to irinotecan‑induced DNA damage response, our present results indicate the selective anticancer activity of hirsutine in HER2-positive breast cancer by inducing a DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Bathula C, Dangi P, Hati S, Agarwal R, Munshi P, Singh A, Singh S, Sen S. Diverse synthesis of natural product inspired fused and spiro-heterocyclic scaffolds via ring distortion and ring construction strategies. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A toolkit of indole scaffolds inspired from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandramohan Bathula
- Department of Chemistry
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Poonam Dangi
- Department of Life Science
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Santanu Hati
- Department of Chemistry
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Life Science
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Parthapratim Munshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Life Science
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Department of Life Science
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- Shiv Nadar University
- Post Office Shiv Nadar University
- Uttar Pradesh 201314
- India
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Lou C, Takahashi K, Irimura T, Saiki I, Hayakawa Y. Identification of Hirsutine as an anti-metastatic phytochemical by targeting NF-κB activation. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2085-91. [PMID: 25175557 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation has been implicated not only in carcinogenesis but also in cancer cell invasion and metastatic process; therefore, targeting the NF-κB pathway is an attractive strategy for controlling meta-stasis. Amongst 56 chemically defined compounds derived from natural products, we have identified a new phytochemical compound Hirsutine, which strongly suppresses NF-κB activity in murine 4T1 breast cancer cells. In accordance with the NF-κB inhibition, Hirsutine reduced the metastatic potential of 4T1 cells, as seen in the inhibition of the migration and invasion capacity of 4T1 cells. Hirsutine further inhibited the constitutive expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in 4T1 cells, and reduced the in vivo lung metastatic potential of 4T1 cells in the experimental model. Given that the migration of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited, our present study implies that Hirsutine is an attractive phytochemical compound for reducing metastasis potential of cancer cells by regulating tumor-promoting NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghua Lou
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Irimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuo Saiki
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Janody S, Hermange P, Retailleau P, Thierry J, Dodd RH. Diastereoselective Three-Component Vinylogous Mannich Reaction of Nitrogen Heterocycles, Acyl/Sulfonyl Chlorides, and Silyloxyfurans/pyrroles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:5673-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500827j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Janody
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josiane Thierry
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert H. Dodd
- Centre
de Recherche de Gif-sur-Yvette, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Li PY, Zeng XR, Cheng J, Wen J, Inoue I, Yang Y. Rhynchophylline-induced vasodilation in human mesenteric artery is mainly due to blockage of L-type calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ndagijimana A, Wang X, Pan G, Zhang F, Feng H, Olaleye O. A review on indole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their pharmacological studies. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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JUNG HWANYONG, NAM KYONGNYON, WOO BYUNGCHOEL, KIM KYOOPIL, KIM SUNGOK, LEE EUNJOOH. Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, inhibits inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and microglial activation. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:154-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Tang NY, Liu CH, Su SY, Jan YM, Hsieh CT, Cheng CY, Shyu WC, Hsieh CL. Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq) Jack Plays a Role in Neuronal Protection in Kainic Acid-Treated Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 38:251-63. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10007828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq) Jack (UR) is one of many Chinese herbs. Our previous studies have shown that UR has both anticonvulsive and free radical-scavenging activities in kainic acid (KA)-treated rats. The aim of the present study was to use the effect of UR on activated microglia, nitric oxide synthase, and apoptotic cells to investigate its function in neuroproction in KA-treated rats. UR of 1.0 or 0.5 g/kg was orally administered for 3 days (first day, second day, and 30 min prior to KA administration on the third day), or 10 mg/kg (intraperitoneal injection, i.p.) N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 30 min prior to KA (2 μg/2 μl) was injected into the right hippocampus region of Sprague-Dawly rats. ED1 (mouse anti rat CD68), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) immunoreactive cells and apoptotic cells were observed in the hippocampus region. The results indicated that 1.0 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg of UR and 10 mg/kg of L-NAME reduced the counts of ED1, nNOS, iNOS immunoreactive cells and apoptotic cells in KA-treated rats. This study demonstrates that UR can reduce microglia activation, nNOS, iNOS and apoptosis, suggesting that UR plays a neuro-protective role against neuronal damage in KA-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Jan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tou Hsieh
- Department of International Medicine, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tabassum N, Ahmad F. Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension. Pharmacogn Rev 2011; 5:30-40. [PMID: 22096316 PMCID: PMC3210006 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.79097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is the medical term for high blood pressure. It is dangerous because it makes the heart work too hard and contributes to atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries), besides increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. HTN can also lead to other conditions such as congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and blindness. Conventional antihypertensives are usually associated with many side effects. About 75 to 80% of the world population use herbal medicines, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of their better acceptability with human body and lesser side effects. In the last three decades, a lot of concerted efforts have been channeled into researching the local plants with hypotensive and antihypertensive therapeutic values. The hypotensive and antihypertensive effects of some of these medicinal plants have been validated and others disproved. However, ayurvedic knowledge needs to be coupled with modern medicine and more scientific research needs to be done to verify the effectiveness, and elucidate the safety profile of such herbal remedies for their antihypertensive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahida Tabassum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, J & K-190 006, India
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25
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New vasorelaxant indole alkaloids, villocarines A–D from Uncaria villosa. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4075-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Active ingredients in Chinese medicines promoting blood circulation as Na+/K+ -ATPase inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:141-51. [PMID: 21293466 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides lies in their reversible inhibition on the membrane-bound Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in human myocardium. Steroid-like compounds containing a core structure similar to cardiac glycosides are found in many Chinese medicines conventionally used for promoting blood circulation. Some of them are demonstrated to be Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase inhibitors and thus putatively responsible for their therapeutic effects via the same molecular mechanism as cardiac glycosides. On the other hand, magnesium lithospermate B of danshen is also proposed to exert its cardiac therapeutic effect by effectively inhibiting Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Theoretical modeling suggests that the number of hydrogen bonds and the strength of hydrophobic interaction between the effective ingredients of various medicines and residues around the binding pocket of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase are crucial for the inhibitory potency of these active ingredients. Ginsenosides, the active ingredients in ginseng and sanqi, substantially inhibit Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase when sugar moieties are attached only to the C-3 position of their steroid-like structure, equivalent to the sugar position in cardiac glycosides. Their inhibitory potency is abolished, however, when sugar moieties are linked to C-6 or C-20 position of the steroid nucleus; presumably, these sugar attachments lead to steric hindrance for the entrance of ginsenosides into the binding pocket of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Neuroprotective effects of cardiac glycosides, several steroid-like compounds, and magnesium lithospermate B against ischemic stroke have been accordingly observed in a cortical brain slice-based assay model, and cumulative data support that effective inhibitors of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in the brain could be potential drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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27
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Protective effects of novel single compound, Hirsutine on hypoxic neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:290-7. [PMID: 20940014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a traditional Chinese herb that has been applied in China for treatment of ailments of the cardiovascular system, but little is known about its active constituents and effect in cardiomyocytes. In present study, we investigated the cardioprotective effect of 0.1μΜ, 1μΜ and 10μΜ Hirsutine isolated from the methanolic extracts of Uncaria rhynchophylla by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes treated with hypoxia to determine the mechanism underlying the protective effect with regard to cardiac anti-oxidant enzymes and apoptosis genes. Hirsutine significantly increased the viability of cardiomyocytes injured by hypoxia. Gene expression levels of proapoptotic genes (Bax, Fas and caspase-3) were significantly downregulated compared with the hypoxic control group (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of Bcl-2 was upregulated following Hirsutine treatment (P<0.05). Correspondingly, Hirsutine treatment increased Bcl-2 protein level and decreased Bax protein level. Assay investigating cardiac anti-oxidant enzymes provided further evidence for the protective effect of Hirsutine, as indicated by the induction of the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase. The results of present study suggest that the mechanism of action of Hirsutine in hypoxic neonatal rat cardiomyocytes may be related to its anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This may open an avenue for developing novel candidate compounds with cardioprotectiveeffect from unique Chinese plant.
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Kim JH, Bae CH, Park SY, Lee SJ, Kim Y. Uncaria rhynchophylla Inhibits the Production of Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-1β Through Blocking Nuclear Factor κB, Akt, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Macrophages. J Med Food 2010; 13:1133-40. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kim TJ, Lee JH, Lee JJ, Yu JY, Hwang BY, Ye SK, Shujuan L, Gao L, Pyo MY, Yun YP. Corynoxeine Isolated from the Hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla Inhibits Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through the Blocking of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2073-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Biomaterials, Yonsei University
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Ji-Yeon Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Bang-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | | | - Li Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University
| | | | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
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McNeill JR, Jurgens TM. A systematic review of mechanisms by which natural products of plant origin evoke vasodilatation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 84:803-21. [PMID: 17111026 DOI: 10.1139/y06-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the body of work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of action by which natural products of plant origin exert a vasodilatory effect at the level of the vasculature. The search was restricted to 4 mechanisms: the nitric oxide system and (or) reactive oxygen species, the eicosanoid system, potassium channel function, and calcium channel function. The National Library of Medicine database was searched using "PubMed" without restriction to language. The search generated 266 references on 15 November 2005. Most studies were in vitro in nature and of these, most involved studies in the rat aorta. Many of the natural products evoked vasodilatation through an endothelium-dependent mechanism. The vasodilatation was attenuated or abolished by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor and, in some of these studies, by an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. A few studies reported a cyclooxygenase component, but most found no effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin. The vasorelaxation evoked by several natural products was attenuated by various potassium channel blocking agents, suggesting that some natural products exerted their effect either directly or indirectly through activation of potassium channels. Finally, a significant number of natural products evoked vasodilatation either through blockade of calcium channels or by inhibiting the release of calcium from intracellular stores. Many natural products evoked vasodilatation through multiple mechanisms. The information in this review on mechanisms of action should facilitate good clinical practice by increasing the predictive capabilities of the practitioner, notably the ability to predict adverse effects and interactions among medications. The knowledge should also help to provide leads to the ultimate goal of developing new therapeutic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert McNeill
- College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada
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31
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Hou WC, Lin RD, Chen CT, Lee MH. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition by active principles from Uncaria rhynchophylla. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 100:216-20. [PMID: 15890481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Revised: 01/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Attenuation of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) activity may provide protection against oxidative neurodegeneration. For this reason, inhibition of MAO-B activity is used as part of the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's patients. The hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks. (Rubiaceae) is a traditional Chinese herbal drug that is generally used to treat convulsive disorders. In this study, the fractionation and purification of Uncaria rhynchophylla extracts using a bioguided assay isolated two known compounds, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin. The compounds inhibited MAO-B, as measured by an assay of rat brain MAO-B separated by electrophoresis on a 7.5% native polyacrylamide gel. The IC(50) values of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were 88.6 and 58.9 microM, respectively, and inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent manner, as measured by the fluorescence method. The Lineweaver-Burk plot revealed K(i) values for (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin of 74 and 21 microM, respectively. This suggests that these two compounds, isolated here for the first time from Uncaria rhynchophylla, might be able to protect against neurodegeneration in vitro, and, therefore, the molecular mechanism deserves further study. This finding may also increase interest in the health benefits of Uncaria rhynchophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Hou
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Matsumoto K, Yamamoto LT, Watanabe K, Yano S, Shan J, Pang PKT, Ponglux D, Takayama H, Horie S. Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an analgesic alkaloid from Thai herbal medicine, on neurogenic contraction of the vas deferens. Life Sci 2005; 78:187-94. [PMID: 16107269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 04/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an indole-alkaloid mitragynine isolated from the Thai medicinal herb kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on neurogenic contraction of smooth muscle was studied in guinea-pig vas deferens. Mitragynine inhibited the contraction of the vas deferens produced by electrical transmural stimulation. On the other hand, mitragynine failed to affect the responses to norepinephrine and ATP. Mitragynine did not reduce KCl-induced contraction in the presence of tetrodotoxin, prazosin and alpha,beta-methylene ATP. Mitragynine inhibited nicotine- or tyramine-induced contraction. By using the patch-clamp technique, mitragynine was found to block T- and L-type Ca2+ channel currents in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. In the Ca2+ measurement by a fluorescent dye method, mitragynine reduced KCl-induced Ca2+ influx in neuroblastoma cells. The present results suggest that mitragynine inhibits the vas deferens contraction elicited by nerve stimulation, probably through its blockade of neuronal Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane, Chiba 283-8555, Japan
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Yokoyama K, Shimada Y, Hori E, Sekiya N, Goto H, Sakakibara I, Nishijo H, Terasawa K. Protective effects of Choto-san and hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis against delayed neuronal death after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbil. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2004; 11:478-489. [PMID: 15500258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we revealed that Choto-san (Diao-teng-san in Chinese), a Kampo formula, is effective on vascular dementia clinically, and the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil., a medicinal plant comprising Chotosan, has a neuroprotective effect in vitro. In the present study, for the purpose of clarifying their effects in vivo, we investigated whether the oral administration of Choto-san extract (CSE) or U. sinensis extract (USE) reduces delayed neuronal death following ischemia/reperfusion (i/rp) in gerbils. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 4 min, and two doses (1.0% and 3.0%) of CSE or USE were dissolved in drinking water and provided to the gerbils ad libitum from 7 days prior to i/rp until 7 days after i/rp. It was found that 1.0% and 3.0% CSE treatments significantly reduced pyramidal cell death in the hippocampal CA1 region at 7 days post i/rp. Three percent USE treatment also inhibited pyramidal cell death significantly at 7 days after i/rp. Superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the homogenized hippocampus at 7 days after i/rp in the 1.0% CSE- and 3.0% USE-treated groups were significantly enhanced compared to those of control. Further, lipid peroxide and NO2-/NO3- levels of the homogenized hippocampus at 48h after i/rp in the 1.0% CSE- and 3.0% USE-treated groups were significantly lower than those of control. These results suggest that the oral administration of CSE or USE provides a protective effect against transient ischemia-induced delayed neuronal death by reducing oxidative damage to neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yokoyama
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Matsumoto K, Horie S, Ishikawa H, Takayama H, Aimi N, Ponglux D, Watanabe K. Antinociceptive effect of 7-hydroxymitragynine in mice: Discovery of an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa. Life Sci 2004; 74:2143-55. [PMID: 14969718 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Accepted: 09/17/2003] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitragynine is an indole alkaloid isolated from the Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa. We previously reported the morphine-like action of mitragynine and its related compounds in the in vitro assays. In the present study, we investigated the opioid effects of 7-hydroxymitragynine, which is isolated as its novel constituent, on contraction of isolated ileum, binding of the specific ligands to opioid receptors and nociceptive stimuli in mice. In guinea-pig ileum, 7-hydroxymitragynine inhibited electrically induced contraction through the opioid receptors. Receptor-binding assays revealed that 7-hydroxymitragynine has a higher affinity for micro-opioid receptors relative to the other opioid receptors. Administration of 7-hydroxymitragynine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) induced dose-dependent antinociceptive effects in tail-flick and hot-plate tests in mice. Its effect was more potent than that of morphine in both tests. When orally administered, 7-hydroxymitragynine (5-10 mg/kg) showed potent antinociceptive activities in tail-flick and hot-plate tests. In contrast, only weak antinociception was observed in the case of oral administration of morphine at a dose of 20 mg/kg. It was found that 7-hydroxymitragynine is a novel opioid agonist that is structurally different from the other opioid agonists, and has potent analgesic activity when orally administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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Zhang WB, Chen CX, Sim SM, Kwan CY. In vitro vasodilator mechanisms of the indole alkaloids rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, isolated from the hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miquel). Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003; 369:232-8. [PMID: 14668978 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-003-0854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhynchophylline (Rhy) and isorhynchophylline (Isorhy), indole alkaloids from Uncaria hooks, reportedly exert hypotensive and vasodilatory effects, but the mechanism of action is unclear. We therefore investigated the relaxant effects of these two isomeric alkaloids in rat arteries in vitro, in particular in respect of the various functional Ca2+ pathways. Both Rhy and Isorhy relaxed aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 1 microM) in a dose-dependent manner (3-300 microM). Removal of endothelium and preincubation with L-NAME (300 microM) slightly inhibited but did not prevent the relaxant response. These results indicate that Rhy and Isorhy act largely in an endothelium-independent manner. Unlike nicardipine, both alkaloids not only inhibited the contraction induced by 60 mM KCl (IC50 20-30 microM), but also that induced by PE and U46619, albeit to a lesser extent (IC50 100 and 200 microM, respectively). These results suggest that Rhy and Isorhy may act via multiple Ca2+ pathways. In contrast to their inhibitory effects on KCl-induced and receptor-mediated contractions, where both isomers were comparably potent, Rhy was more potent than Isorhy at higher concentrations (>100 microM) in inhibiting both caffeine (25 mM)- and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 30 microM)-induced contractions. Similar results observed with caffeine in Ca2+-containing medium were also observed in Ca2+-free medium. However, 0.1-0.3 microM nicardipine (which completely inhibited KCl-induced contraction) had no significant inhibitory effect on CPA-induced contractions. Taken together, these results indicate discrimination between these two isomers with respect to Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release and non-L-type Ca2+ channel, but not for IP3-induced Ca2+ release and L-type Ca2+ channels. Similar relaxant responses to KCl- and caffeine-induced contractions were seen when these two alkaloids were tested on the smaller mesenteric and renal arteries. In conclusion, the vasodilatory effects of Rhy and Isorhy are largely endothelium independent and are mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels. At higher concentrations, they also affect other Ca2+-handling pathways, although to a lesser extent. While there is no discrimination between the two isomers with respect to the contraction induced by KCl or agonists (PE and U46619), differential effects between Rhy and Isorhy were seen on caffeine- and CPA-induced contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Lin RD, Hou WC, Yen KY, Lee MH. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) by Chinese herbal medicines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 10:650-656. [PMID: 14692725 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines accompaned by the release of H2O2. Two subtypes, MAO-A and MAO-B, exist on the basis of their specificities to substrates and inhibitors. The regulation of MAO-B activity is important in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Twenty-seven species of plants used in traditional Chinese medicines, selected from an enthnobotanical survey, were used in an investigation of their inhibitory effect on MAO-B in rat brain homogenates. The 50% aqueous methanol extracts of four active extracts, Arisaema amurense, Lilium brownii var. colchesteri, Lycium chinense, and Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibited the best activity and selectivity towards MAO-B with IC50 values of 0.44, 0.29, 0.40, and 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. A kinetic study of MAO-B inhibition by the four extracts using the Lineweaver-Burk plot for each active extract revealed the IC50 concentrations, and results show that: Ki = 0.59 mg/ml for A. amurense for the mixed-type mode, Ki = 0.58 mg/ml for L. brownii var. colchesteri for the mixed-type mode, Ki = 5.01 mg/ml for L. chinense for the uncompetitive mode, and Ki = 0.02 mg/ml for U. rhynchophylla for the uncompetitive mode. These may therefore be candidates for use in delaying the progressive degeneration caused by neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Municipal Taipei Ho-Ping Hospital, Taiwan
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Watanabe H, Zhao Q, Matsumoto K, Tohda M, Murakami Y, Zhang SH, Kang TH, Mahakunakorn P, Maruyama Y, Sakakibara I, Aimi N, Takayama H. Pharmacological evidence for antidementia effect of Choto-san (Gouteng-san), a traditional Kampo medicine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003; 75:635-43. [PMID: 12895681 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the clinical efficacy of one of the traditional medicines in the treatment of patients with vascular dementia, we investigated the pharmacological activities of Choto-san in animal models. Pretreatment with Choto-san (0.75-6.0 g/kg po), a component herb, Chotoko (75-600 mg/kg po), and indole alkaloids and phenolic fractions of Chotoko prevented ischemia-induced impairment of spatial learning behaviour in water maze performance of mice. A single administration of Choto-san (0.5 to 6.0 g/kg po) or Chotoko (Uncaria genus) produced a dose-dependent antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and partly inhibited the induction of the apoplexy in stroke-prone SHR (SHR-SP). Choto-san, Chotoko, and its phenolic constituents, (-)epicatechin and caffeic acid, significantly protected NG108-15 cells from injury induced by H(2)O(2) exposure in vitro and also inhibited lipid peroxidation in the brain homogenate. Indole alkaloids, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline (1-100 microM), reversibly reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced current concentration dependently in NMDA receptor-expressed Xenopus oocytes. These results suggest that antidementia effects of Choto-san are due to antihypertensive, free radical scavenging and antiexcitotoxic effects, which are attributed at least partly to phenolic compounds and indole alkaloids contained in Chotoko.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Kano Y, Takaguchi S, Nohno T, Hiragami F, Kawamura K, Iwama MK, Miyamoto K, Takehara M. Chinese medicine induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 mutant cells incapable of differentiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2003; 30:287-95. [PMID: 12230017 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x02000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
During continuous culture of neural PC12 cells, we obtained a drug-hypersensitive PC12 mutant cell that showed high stimulation of neurite outgrowth by various drugs. When several Chinese medicines such as shu-jing-huo-xie-tang and Wu-Ling-San were provided to these PC12 mutant cells, the frequency of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth increased approximately 30-fold compared to NGF alone. Neurite outgrowth induced by NGF in PC12 cells is accompanied by sustained activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK); however, these Chinese medicines did not induce MAPK activity. The findings thus indicate that certain Chinese medicines may induce neurite outgrowth by a novel mechanism which is distinct from the NGF-activated pathway in PC12 mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Kano
- Department of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi-city, Okayama, Japan.
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Lee J, Son D, Lee P, Kim DK, Shin MC, Jang MH, Kim CJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Kim H. Protective effect of methanol extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla against excitotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate in rat hippocampus. J Pharmacol Sci 2003; 92:70-3. [PMID: 12832857 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.92.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is a medicinal herb used for convulsive disorders in Oriental medicine. In this study, the effect of the methanol extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity was investigated. Pretreatment with the extract of Uncaria rhynchopylla reduced the degree of neuronal damage induced by NMDA exposure in cultured hippocampal slices. In the patch clamp study, Uncaria rhynchophylla significantly inhibited NMDA receptor-activated ion current in acutely dissociated hippocampal CA1 neurons. These results indicate that Uncaria rhynchophylla offers protection against NMDA-induced neuronal injury and inhibitory action on NMDA receptor-mediated ion current may be a mechanism behind the neuroprotective effect of Uncaria rhynchophylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Yuzurihara M, Ikarashi Y, Goto K, Sakakibara I, Hayakawa T, Sasaki H. Geissoschizine methyl ether, an indole alkaloid extracted from Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, is a potent vasorelaxant of isolated rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 444:183-9. [PMID: 12063078 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of geissoschizine methyl ether, an indole alkaloid isolated from the hook of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus, on vascular responses were examined using isolated strips of rat aorta. Geissoschizine methyl ether (10(-7)-10(-4) M) relaxed norepinephrine (5x10(-8) M)-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner. The potency (50% efficacy concentration, EC(50)=0.744 microM) was approximately 14 times greater than that (EC(50)=10.6 microM) of hirsutine, one of the indole alkaloids isolated from Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus that demonstrates a vasorelaxant effect by Ca(2+)-channel blocking. The vasorelaxant effect of geissoschizine methyl ether found at the lower concentrations (10(-7)-3x10(-6) M) on the norepinephrine-induced contraction was abolished by pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (10(-4) M), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, or by denuding aortas of endothelium, while the effects at the higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M) were not completely prevented by either N(G)-nitro-L-arginine and deendothelialization. Furthermore, geissoschizine methyl ether did not relax high K(+)-, Ca(2+)- and a Ca(2+)-channel agonist Bay K8644-induced contractions at the lower concentrations that markedly relaxed the norepinephrine-induced contractions, while the higher concentrations of geissoschizine methyl ether relaxed the high K(+)-, Ca(2+)- and Bay K8644-induced contractions. These results suggest that the vasorelaxant effect of geissoschizine methyl ether is composed of two different mechanisms: endothelial dependency with nitric oxide and endothelial independency with voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channel blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Yuzurihara
- Kampo & Pharmacognosy Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun 3586, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
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Suk K, Kim SY, Leem K, Kim YO, Park SY, Hur J, Baek J, Lee KJ, Zheng HZ, Kim H. Neuroprotection by methanol extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla against global cerebral ischemia in rats. Life Sci 2002; 70:2467-80. [PMID: 12173411 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Oriental medicine, Uncaria rhynchophylla has been used to lower blood pressure and to relieve various neurological symptoms. However, scientific evidence related to its effectiveness or precise modes of action has not been available. Thus, in the current study, we evaluated neuroprotective effects of U. rhynchophylla after transient global ischemia using 4-vessel occlusion model in rats. Methanol extract of U. rhynchophylla administered intraperitoneally (100-1000 mg/kg at 0 and 90 min after reperfusion) significantly protected hippocampal CA1 neurons against 10 min transient forebrain ischemia. Measurement of neuronal cell density in CA1 region at 7 days after ischemia by Nissl staining revealed more than 70% protection in U. rhynchophylla-treated rats compared to saline-treated animals. In U. rhynchophylla-treated animals, induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in hippocampus at 24 hr after ischemia was significantly inhibited at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, U. rhynchophylla extract inhibited TNF-alpha and nitric oxide production in BV-2 mouse microglial cells in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions of U. rhynchophylla extract may contribute to its neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Tongdaemun-ku, Seoul, 130-701 South Korea
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Hayashi J, Sekine T, Deguchi S, Lin Q, Horie S, Tsuchiya S, Yano S, Watanabe K, Ikegami F. Phenolic compounds from Gastrodia rhizome and relaxant effects of related compounds on isolated smooth muscle preparation. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2002; 59:513-9. [PMID: 11853746 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Gastrol (1), together with 10 known phenolic compounds, has been isolated from the MeOH extract of the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata Blume (Orchidaceae), and their structures were elucidated by detailed spectral analyses including by 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses. The relaxant effects of these constituents on smooth muscle preparations isolated from guinea-pig ileum were also studied in order to reveal their characteristic pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inage-ku, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
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Interference of alkaloids with neuroreceptors and ion channels. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS (PART B) 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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44
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Masumiya H, Saitoh T, Tanaka Y, Horie S, Aimi N, Takayama H, Tanaka H, Shigenobu K. Effects of hirsutine and dihydrocorynantheine on the action potentials of sino-atrial node, atrium and ventricle. Life Sci 1999; 65:2333-41. [PMID: 10597888 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effects of hirsutine, an indole alkaloid from Uncaria rhynchophylla MIQ. JACKSON with antihypertensive, negative chronotropic and antiarrhythmic activity, and its C3 structural epimer, dihydrocorynantheine, on membrane potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node and guinea-pig right ventricle and left atrium were studied with microelectrode techniques. In sino-atrial node preparations, hirsutine and dihydrocorynantheine (0.1 microM to 10 microM) concentration-dependently increased cycle length, decreased slope of the pacemaker depolarization (phase 4 depolarization), decreased maximum rate of rise and prolonged action potential duration. In atrial and ventricular preparations, both compounds (0.1 microM to 30 microM) concentration-dependently decreased maximum rate of rise and prolonged action potential duration. These results indicate that hirsutine and dihydrocorynantheine have direct effects on the action potential of cardiac muscle through inhibition of multiple ion channels, which may explain their negative chronotropic and antiarrhythmic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Masumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Toho University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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Hsieh CL, Tang NY, Chiang SY, Hsieh CT, Lin JG. Anticonvulsive and free radical scavenging actions of two herbs, Uncaria rhynchophylla (MIQ) Jack and Gastrodia elata Bl., in kainic acid-treated rats. Life Sci 1999; 65:2071-82. [PMID: 10579461 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jack (UR) and Gastrodia elata BI. (GE) are traditional Chinese herbs that are usually used in combination to treat convulsive disorders, such as epilepsy, in China. The aim of this study was to compare the anticonvulsive and free radical scavenging activities of UR alone and UR in combination with GE in rats. For the in vitro studies, brain tissues from 6 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 120 microg/ml kainic acid (KA), with or without varied concentrations of UR or UR plus GE. For the in vivo studies, male SD rats (6 per group) received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of KA 12 mg/kg to induce epileptic seizures and generation of free radicals, with or without oral administration of UR 1 g/kg alone or UR 1 g/kg plus GE 1 g/kg. Epileptic seizures were verified by behavioral observations, and electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) recordings. These results showed that UR alone decreased KA-induced lipid peroxide levels in vitro, whereas UR plus GE did not produce a greater effect than UR alone. UR significantly reduced counts of wet dog shakes (WDS), paw tremor (PT) and facial myoclonia (FM) in KA-treated rats and significantly delayed the onset time of WDS, from 27 min in the control group to 40 min in the UR group. UR plus GE did not inhibit seizures more effectively than UR alone, but did further prolong the onset time of WDS to 63 min (P < 0.05 vs. UR alone). UR alone reduced the levels of free radicals in vivo, as measured by lipid peroxidation in the brain and luminol-chemiluminescence (CL) counts and lucigenin-CL counts in the peripheral whole blood, but the combination of GE and UR did not reduce free radical levels more markedly than UR alone. In conclusion, our results indicate that UR has anticonvulsive and free radical scavenging activities, and UR combined with GE exhibit greater inhibition on the onset time of WDS than UR alone. These findings suggest that the anticonvulsive effects of UR and GE may be synergistic. However, the mechanism of interaction between UR and GE remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Hsieh
- School of Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Itoh T, Shimada Y, Terasawa K. Efficacy of Choto-san on vascular dementia and the protective effect of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death. Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 111:155-73. [PMID: 10656534 DOI: 10.1016/s0047-6374(99)00062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two different multicenter studies on the efficacy of Choto-san on patients with vascular dementia, one a well-controlled but non-double blind (60 patients), the other a double-blind controlled study (139 patients), were performed. In the well-controlled study, Choto-san was superior in global improvement rating, utility rating and improvement of subjective symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and disturbance in daily living activities. In the double-blind study, with more objective criteria than the well-controlled study, Choto-san was also superior in global improvement rating, utility rating and improvement of subjective symptoms, psychiatric symptoms and disturbance in daily living activities. These results suggest that Choto-san is effective in the treatment of vascular dementia. Uncaria sinensis (OLIV.) HAVIL. (US) is the main medicinal plant composing Choto-san. Glutamate-induced cell death of cultured cerebellar granule cells was protected by the application of water extract of US in a dose-dependent manner, and concentrations of 10(-5) to 10(-4) g/ml had a significant effect compared to exposure to glutamate only. Further, the increase of 45Ca2+ influx into cells by glutamate was also blocked by the water extract in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that US has a protective effect on glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells through the inhibition of Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Itoh
- Department of Kampo Diagnostics, Research Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan.
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47
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Yamamoto LT, Horie S, Takayama H, Aimi N, Sakai S, Yano S, Shan J, Pang PK, Ponglux D, Watanabe K. Opioid receptor agonistic characteristics of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl in comparison with mitragynine derived from Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY 1999; 33:73-81. [PMID: 10428019 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-3623(98)00265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously elucidated the opiate-like action of mitragynine, an active principle isolated from the Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa. In the present study, effects of the related compound, mitragynine pseudoindoxyl on electrically stimulated contraction in guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens, and on its binding affinity in the guinea pig brain membranes were studied. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl inhibited the electrically stimulated ileum and mouse vas deferens contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. In the ileum, the effective concentration is in an nM order, being nearly equivalent to reported concentrations of the micro-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, Met-Phe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAMGO), and is 100- and 20-fold smaller than those of mitragynine and morphine, respectively. In the vas deferens, it is 35-fold smaller than that of morphine. The inhibitory action of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl in the ileum was antagonized by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and the micro-receptor antagonist naloxonazine. It was also antagonized by the delta-receptor antagonist naltrindole in the vas deferens. Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl showed a similar binding affinity to DAMGO and naltrindole at micro- and delta-receptors, respectively. However, the affinity at kappa-receptors was negligible. The present study demonstrates that mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a novel alkaloid structurally different from other opioid agonists, acts on opioid receptors, leading to a potent inhibition of electrically stimulated contraction in the ileum through the micro-receptors and in mouse vas deferens through delta-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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Shimada Y, Goto H, Itoh T, Sakakibara I, Kubo M, Sasaki H, Terasawa K. Evaluation of the protective effects of alkaloids isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis on glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells from rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999; 51:715-22. [PMID: 10454049 DOI: 10.1211/0022357991772853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that an aqueous extract of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis (Oliv.) Havil., Uncariae Uncus Cum Ramulusis, protects against glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells by inhibition of Ca2+ influx. Because it is not known which components of Uncaria sinensis are active, in this study we have evaluated, by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) staining, the neuroprotective effects of the oxyindole alkaloids corynoxeine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline and isocorynoxeine, and the indole alkaloids geissoschizine methyl ether, hirsuteine and hirsutine, isolated from the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis, on glutamate-induced cell death. We also investigated the inhibitory effects of the compounds on 45Ca2+ influx in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. Cell viability evaluated by the MTT assay was significantly increased by application of rhynchophylline (10(-3) M), isorhynchophylline (10(-4)-10(-3) M), isocorynoxeine (10(-4)-10(-3) M), hirsuteine (10(-4)-3 x 10(-4) M) or hirsutine (10(-4)-3 x 10(-4) M) compared with exposure to glutamate only, with the effect of isorhynchophylline being the strongest. The increased 45Ca2+ influx into cells induced by glutamate was significantly inhibited by administration of rhynchophylline (10(-3) M), isorhynchophylline (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M), isocorynoxeine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M), geissoschizine methyl ether (10(-3) M), hirsuteine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M) or hirsutine (3 x 10(-4)-10(-3) M). These results suggest that oxyindole alkaloids such as isorhynchophylline, isocorynoxeine and rhynchophylline and indole alkaloids such as hirsuteine and hirsutine are the active components of the hooks and stems of Uncaria sinensis which protect against glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cerebellar granule cells by inhibition of Ca2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimada
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical Center and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Japan
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Takayama H, Shimizu T, Sada H, Harada Y, Kitajima M, Aimi N. Stereochemical studies on the Uncaria alkaloid, 3-oxo-7-hydroxy-3,7-secorhynchophylline: The absolute configuration of 3-hydroxyoxindole derivatives. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Watanabe K, Yano S, Horie S, Yamamoto LT. Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an alkaloid with analgesic effect from Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa, on electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor. Life Sci 1997; 60:933-42. [PMID: 9061050 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effect of mitragynine, an indole alkaloid isolated from Thai medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), on electrically stimulated contraction was studied in the guinea-pig ileum. Mitragynine (1 nM-3 microM) inhibited the ileum contraction elicited by electrical stimulation, and its pD2 value was 6.91 +/- 0.04 (n = 5). Morphine (1 nM-1 microM) also inhibited the electrically stimulated contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (pD2 7.68 +/- 0.11; n = 5). Mitragynine was 10 fold less potent than morphine. Mitragynine (3-10 microM) did not show any effect on the smooth muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine or histamine. Naloxone (10-300 nM) reversed the inhibitory effect of mitragynine on electrically stimulated contraction. Furthermore, naloxone showed a shift of concentration-response curve of mitragynine to the right. There was no significant difference in the affinity of naloxone (i.e. pA2) in the presence of mitragynine or morphine. Mitragynine (3-10 microM) inhibited the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contraction following a brief (5 min) exposure of the ileum to morphine. Tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and atropine (1 microM) inhibited the withdrawal contraction. The present results suggest that mitragynine inhibits the electrically stimulated contraction of guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Toxicological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
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