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Yan MZ, Chang Q, Zhong Y, Xiao BX, Feng L, Cao FR, Pan RL, Zhang ZS, Liao YH, Liu XM. Lotus Leaf Alkaloid Extract Displays Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Effects through GABAA Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9277-9285. [PMID: 26448283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lotus leaves have been used traditionally as both food and herbal medicine in Asia. Open-field, sodium pentobarbital-induced sleeping and light/dark box tests were used to evaluate sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects of the total alkaloids (TA) extracted from the herb, and the neurotransmitter levels in the brain were determined by ultrafast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effects of picrotoxin, flumazenil, and bicuculline on the hypnotic activity of TA, as well as the influence of TA on Cl(-) influx in cerebellar granule cells, were also investigated. TA showed a sedative-hypnotic effect by increasing the brain level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and the hypnotic effect could be blocked by picrotoxin and bicuculline, but could not be antagonized by flumazenil. Additionally, TA could increase Cl(-) influx in cerebellar granule cells. TA at 20 mg/kg induced anxiolytic-like effects and significantly increased the concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and dopamine (DA). These data demonstrated that TA exerts sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects via binding to the GABAA receptor and activating the monoaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xin Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Rui Cao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Rei-Le Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Kim JW, Kim CS, Hu Z, Han JY, Kim SK, Yoo SK, Yeo YM, Chong MS, Lee K, Hong JT, Oh KW. Enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleep by apigenin through chloride ion channel activation. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:367-73. [PMID: 22370792 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate whether apigenin has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Apigenin prolonged sleep time induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABA(A) receptors agonist. Apigenin also increased sleep rate and sleep time in the combined administration with pentobarbital at the sub-hypnotic dosage, and showed synergic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, both of apigeinin and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Apigenin increased glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and had no effect on the expression of GABA(A) receptor α-, β-, γ-subunits in n hippocampus of mouse brain, showing different expression of subunits from pentobarbital treatment group. In conclusion, it is suggested that apigenin augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through chloride ion channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Ethanol Extract of the Flower Chrysanthemum morifolium Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep Behaviors: Involvement of Cl Channel Activation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:109164. [PMID: 21331373 PMCID: PMC3038564 DOI: 10.1155/2011/109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Dried Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers have traditionally been used in Korea for the treatment
of insomnia. This study was performed to investigate whether the ethanol extract of Chrysanthemum
morifolium flowers (EFC) enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors. EFC prolonged sleep time
induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABAA receptors agonist. EFC also increased sleep
rate and sleep time when administrated with pentobarbital at a subhypnotic dosage. Both EFC and
pentobarbital increased chloride (Cl−) influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. EFC
increased glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression levels, but had no effect on the expression
of α1-, β2-, and γ2-subunits of the GABAA receptor in the hippocampus of a mouse brain. This is in
contrast to treatment with pentobarbital, which showed decreased α1-subunit expression and no
change in GAD expression. In conclusion, EFC augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors;
these effects may result from Cl− channel activation.
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Ma Y, Ma H, Eun JS, Nam SY, Kim YB, Hong JT, Lee MK, Oh KW. Methanol extract of Longanae Arillus augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of GABAergic systems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:245-250. [PMID: 19330921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This experiment was performed to investigate whether methanol extract of Longanae Arillus (MELA) has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the GABAergic systems. MELA prolonged sleep time and reduced sleep latency induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol, a GABAA receptors agonist. MELA also increased sleep rate and sleep time in the combined administration with pentobarbital at the sub-hypnotic dosage and showed synergic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital. However, MELA itself did not induce sleep at higher dose which was used in this experiment. In addition, both of MELA and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. MELA increased GABAA receptors gamma-subunit expression and had no effect on the expression of alpha- and beta-subunits, and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, showing different expression of subunits from pentobarbital. In conclusion, MELA itself does not induce sleep, but it augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors through the modification of GABAergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Ma Y, Han H, Nam SY, Kim YB, Hong JT, Yun YP, Oh KW. Cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 117:318-324. [PMID: 18353574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of cyclopeptide alkaloid fraction of ZSS (CAFZ) on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and to determine whether these effects were mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors Cl(-) channel activation, using a Western blot technique and Cl(-) sensitive fluorescence probe. GABA receptors subunits expression and Cl(-) influx were investigated in cultured cerebellar granule cells. CAFZ shortened sleeping onset and prolonged sleeping time induced by pentobarbital (42 mg/kg). It also significantly increased the falling asleep rate and duration of sleeping time at a sub-hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital (28 mg/kg). In addition, CAFZ in combination with GABA A receptors agonist, muscimol, synergistically prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping time. Both of CAFZ and pentobarbital treatment decreased GABA A receptors alpha-subunit expression, but did not change beta- and gamma-subunit expression. However, we found CAFZ and pentobarbital increased Cl(-) influx, CAFZ showed similar effects with muscimol in potentiating Cl(-) influx inducing effects of low-dose pentobarbital. In conclusion, it is suggested that the enhancement of Cl(-) influx by CAFZ may play an important role in the potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, South Korea
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Chen HH, Wei CT, Lin YR, Chien TH, Chan MH. Neonatal Toluene Exposure Alters Agonist and Antagonist Sensitivity and NR2B Subunit Expression of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2005; 85:666-74. [PMID: 15689418 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toluene has been reported to antagonize the function of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In this study, the effects of neonatal toluene exposure on NMDA receptors in primarily cultured cerebellar granule neurons were examined. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with toluene (0, 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, i.p.) from postnatal day (PN) 4 to PN 7. Under toluene-free conditions, Ca2+ signals of cultured neurons in response to glutamate and NMDA were measured for up to 14 days. The expression of NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) at 5-14 days in vitro (DIV) were also determined. Neonatal toluene exposure dose-dependently reduced intracellular Ca2+ signals in response to glutamate/glycine and NMDA/glycine in cultured cerebellar granule neurons, and these effects were gradually decreased with time. Such toluene exposure did not influence the inhibition of Mg2+ or MK801 on NMDA-evoked responses, but it decreased the potency of ifenprodil (an NR2B preferring antagonist). The protein levels of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B were consistently reduced by toluene exposure at 5 DIV, but not at 14 DIV. These results demonstrate that neonatal toluene exposure induces long-term but reversible changes in the function and composition of NMDA receptors. Such changes during developmental stages may contribute to the cerebellar dysfunction observed in fetal solvent syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Hsien Chen
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 970, Taiwan
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Pentyala SN, Sung K, Chowdhury A, Rebecchi MJ. Volatile anesthetics modulate the binding of guanine nucleotides to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 384:213-22. [PMID: 10611444 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of volatile anesthetics on guanine nucleotide binding to the purified alpha subunits of heterotrimeric GTP binding (G) proteins were studied. At sub-anesthetic doses, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane inhibit exchange of GTPgammaS for GDP bound to Galpha subunits and markedly enhance the dissociation of GTPgammaS, but fail to suppress GDPbetaS release. Nucleotide exchange from non-myristoylated Galpha(i1) is similarly inhibited in the absence of any membrane lipid or detergent. The degrees of inhibition of GDP/GTPgammaS exchange and enhancement of GTPgammaS dissociation are in the same order: alpha(i2)alpha(i1)alpha(i3)alpha(s). By contrast, Galpha(o), which is closely related to Galpha(i), is completely insensitive to anesthetics. We conclude that volatile agents, at clinically relevant doses, have a direct effect on the conformation and stability of the GTP/Mg(2+) bound state of some, but not all Galpha subunits. By destabilizing this state, volatile agents may uncouple metabotropic and other heptahelical receptors from pathways modulating neuronal excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Pentyala
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
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Liachenko S, Tang P, Somogyi GT, Xu Y. Comparison of anaesthetic and non-anaesthetic effects on depolarization-evoked glutamate and GABA release from mouse cerebrocortical slices. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123:1274-80. [PMID: 9559915 PMCID: PMC1565278 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Investigation with substances that are similar in structure, but different in anaesthetic properties, may lead to further understanding of the mechanisms of general anaesthesia. 2. We have studied the effects of two cyclobutane derivatives, the anaesthetic, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3), and the non-anaesthetic, 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), on K+-evoked glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from isolated, superfused, cerebrocortical slices from mice, by use of h.p.l.c. with fluorescence detection for quantitative analysis. 3. At clinically relevant concentrations, the anaesthetic, F3, inhibited 40 mM K+-evoked glutamate and GABA release by 72% and 47%, respectively, whereas the structurally similar non-anaesthetic, F6, suppressed evoked glutamate release by 70% but had no significant effects on evoked GABA release. A second exposure to 40 mM KCl after a approximately 30 min washout of F3 or F6 showed recovery of K+-evoked release, suggesting that F3 and F6 did not cause any non-specific or irreversible changes in the brain slices. 4. Our findings suggest that suppression of excitatory neurotransmitter release may not be directly relevant to the primary action of general anaesthetics. A mechanism involving inhibitory postsynaptic action is implicated, in which a moderate suppression of depolarization-evoked GABA release by the anaesthetic may be consistent with the enhancement of postsynaptic GABAergic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liachenko
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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