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Hadrup N, Ravn-Haren G. Toxicity of repeated oral intake of organic selenium, inorganic selenium, and selenium nanoparticles: A review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 79:127235. [PMID: 37285631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To protect from toxicity at supra-essential doses of selenium, it is important to determine dose levels at which adverse effects occur. METHODS We identified relevant literature on the repeated dosage of selenium and extracted dose descriptors on reported endpoints, except on genotoxicity/carcinogenicity. RESULTS Selenium forms with toxicological data were organic ones: selenomethionine, selenocystine/selenocysteine; and inorganic ones, including selenite (SeO32-), selenate (SeO42-), selenium sulphide (SeS2), selenide (Se2-) and selenium nanoparticles. Clinical signs of selenium toxicity in humans include a garlicky-smelling breath, hair loss, and nail changes. One human study showed increased mortality following daily ingestion of 300 µg Se per day for 5 years, equal to a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) of ∼4.3 µg/kg bw/days. The corresponding no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was ∼2.9 µg Se/kg bw/day. One study reported an increased risk of type 2 diabetes after ∼2.9 µg Se/kg bw/day, but other studies with similar doses found no increases in mortality or incidence of type 2 diabetes. NOAELs on affected body weight in animal studies were 0.24-1.2 mg Se/kg bw/day. Other endpoints of selenium toxicity in animals include hepatotoxicity with a NOAEL as low as 2 µg/kg bw/day in rats, as well as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and reproductive toxicities with NOAELs of 0.6 (gastrointestinal), 0.08, and 0.4 (cardiovascular) and ≥ 0.04 mg Se/kg bw/day (reproductive), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dose descriptors describing selenium toxicity were as low as 2-3 µg Se/kg bw/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK-2100, Denmark; Research group for risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gitte Ravn-Haren
- Research group for risk-benefit, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Soltani L, Ghaneialvar H, Mahdavi AH. An overview of the role of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and their salts during sperm cryopreservation and in vitro embryo manipulation. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:262-279. [PMID: 36120977 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation of spermatozoa and the in vitro embryo production are valuable tools used in a variety of species, including humans, livestock, fish, and aquatic invertebrates. Sperm cryopreservation has been used to maintain or increase the genetic diversity of threatened species. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are molecules derived from oxygen, being formed as byproducts of cellular metabolism. During cryopreservation of sperm and other in vitro manipulations of oocytes and embryos, ROS production is dramatically increased. In cells, low, medium, and high levels of ROS lead to different outcomes, apoptosis, auto-phagocytosis, and necrosis, respectively. ROS produced by cells can be neutralized by intracellular antioxidant systems, including enzymes as well as non-enzymatic antioxidants. Free radicals and oxidative stress can be major factors influencing in vitro manipulations. In this review, we discuss the role that metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles and their salts play in the modulation of oxidative stress during in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soltani
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hori Ghaneialvar
- Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahdavi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Falk M, Bernhoft A, Reinoso-Maset E, Salbu B, Lebed P, Framstad T, Fuhrmann H, Oropeza-Moe M. Beneficial antioxidant status of piglets from sows fed selenomethionine compared with piglets from sows fed sodium selenite. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126439. [PMID: 31830704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in mammals proved dietary organic selenium (Se) being superior to inorganic Se regarding effects on growth performance, antioxidative status, immune response, and Se homeostasis. However, the picture of possible effects of different Se sources and - levels can be expanded. The present field study evaluated the effects on weight gain, hematological and selected biochemical variables as well as plasma concentrations of vitamin E (vitE), total Se and selenobiomolecules in piglets throughout the suckling period. METHODS Piglets were monitored from birth to 38 days of age (d). The mother sows' diets were enriched with l-selenomethionine (SeMet-0.26 and -0.43 mg Se/kg feed) or sodium selenite (NaSe-0.40 and -0.60 mg Se/kg feed) from 1 month prior to farrowing until the end of lactation period. Piglets received pelleted feed supplemented with Se similarly to the sows' diets from one week of age. Selenite at 0.40 mg Se/kg (NaSe-0.40) represents a common Se source and -level in pig feed and served as control diet. RESULTS From 24d, piglets in SeMet-groups had higher mean body weight (BW) compared with piglets from sows fed NaSe-0.40. Furthermore, from five-d and above, piglets from sows fed NaSe-0.60 had significantly higher BW than offspring from sows fed NaSe-0.40. Neonatal piglets in group SeMet-0.43 had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (Hgb) and hematocrit (Hct) concentrations compared with piglets from sows fed with NaSe-0.40. Neonatal and 5d-old piglets in group SeMet-0.26 showed higher gamma-glutamyl transferase activity than piglets in group NaSe-0.40. From five d and above, group NaSe-0.60 excelled with increased specific hematological variables culminating at age 38d with increased Hct, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and MC hemoglobin (MCH) as well as increased activities of aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase compared with the other groups. Generally, offspring in the SeMet groups had higher total Se-concentrations in plasma than those from sows fed selenite, and showed a dose-response effect on plasma Se-concentrations. Furthermore, SeMet-fed piglets had higher plasma levels of the selenoproteins (Sel) glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and SelP as well as selenoalbumin. Plasma vitE levels were significantly negatively correlated with RBC throughout trial period. CONCLUSIONS Maternal supplementation with SeMet during gestation influenced hematology and clinical biochemistry in neonatal piglets in a different way than in offspring from sows receiving selenite enriched diets. Growth performance was positively influenced by both dietary Se source and Se level. Higher plasma levels of GPx3 observed in piglets receiving SeMet probably improved the protection against birth or growth related oxidative stress. These might prime the piglets for demanding situations as indicated by higher weight gain in offspring from sows fed with SeMet-supplemented diets. Our results on some enzyme activities might indicate that piglets fed NaSe-0.60 had to cope with increased levels of oxidative stress compared with those originating from sows fed SeMet or lower dietary levels of selenite. We assume that combining inorganic and organic Se sources in complete feed for breeding sows might be beneficial fro reproduction and the offspring's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Falk
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - A Bernhoft
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 0454, Oslo, Norway
| | - Estela Reinoso-Maset
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA)/Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD) CoE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433Ås, Norway
| | - B Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA)/Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD) CoE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433Ås, Norway
| | - P Lebed
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA)/Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD) CoE, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433Ås, Norway
| | - T Framstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 0454, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Fuhrmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Oropeza-Moe
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
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Toman R, Hluchy S, Cabaj M, Massanyi P, Roychoudhury S, Tunegova M. Effect of separate and combined exposure of selenium and diazinon on rat sperm motility by computer assisted semen analysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:144-149. [PMID: 27230671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of selenium (Se) and diazinon (DZN) on sperm motility parameters in rats were investigated. Male rats received a separate dose of Se (2mgkg-1 b.w., intraperitoneally, 5mgL-1, per os in drinking water), diazinon (20mgkg-1 b.w., intraperitoneally, 40mgL-1, per os in drinking water), and in combination (Se+DZN) with the same dosage as in the separate administration. 36h an intraperitoneal (i.p.) and after 90days of per oral (p.o.) exposure, thirteen parameters of sperm motility were evaluated using a Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer (CASA). Almost all the evaluated sperm motility parameters significantly decreased in Se p.o. exposed groups. In the Se i.p. group decrease was noted only in beat cross frequency (BCF) and progressive motility. Significant decline in the sperm motility, progressive motility, BCF and increase in amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were recorded after DZN i.p. administration. In DZN p.o. group, significant increase in ALH, velocity average path (VAP) and curvilinear velocity (VCL) but decrease in progressive motility and BCF was detected. Se+DZN i.p. administration caused a significant decrease in motility, progressive motility and BCF. Per oral administration of Se+DZN decreased all motility parameters except LIN, WOB and ALH. Sperm abnormalities increased in all experimental conditions. Se and DZN negatively affected sperm structure and function in separate doses or in combination. No protective effect of Se was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Toman
- Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia.
| | - Svatoslav Hluchy
- Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Michal Cabaj
- Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | | | - Martina Tunegova
- Slovenská poľnohospodárska univerzita, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
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Villaverde AIS, Fioratti EG, Ramos RS, Neves RC, Ferreira JCP, Cardoso GS, Padilha PM, Lopes MD. Blood and seminal plasma concentrations of selenium, zinc and testosterone and their relationship to sperm quality and testicular biometry in domestic cats. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 150:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Messaoudi I, Banni M, Saïd L, Saïd K, Kerkeni A. Involvement of selenoprotein P and GPx4 gene expression in cadmium-induced testicular pathophysiology in rat. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:94-101. [PMID: 20643113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of co-exposure to cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se) on selenoprotein P (SelP) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) gene expression in testis and to evaluate their possible involvement in Cd-induced testicular pathophysiology, male rats received either tap water, Cd or Cd+Se in their drinking water for 5 weeks. Cd exposure caused a down-regulation of SelP and GPx4 gene expression and a significant decrease in plasma and testicular concentrations of Se. These changes were accompanied by decreased plasma testosterone level, sperm count and motility, GSH content, protein-bound sulfhydryl concentration (PSH), enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as by increased glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, lipid peroxidation (as malondialdehyde, MDA) and proteins carbonyls (PC). The decrease of testicular SelP and GPx4 gene expression under Cd influence was significantly restored in Cd+Se group. Co-treatment with Cd and Se also totally reversed the Cd-induced depletion of Se, decrease in plasma testosterone level and partially restored Cd-induced oxidative stress and decrease in sperm count and motility. Taken together, these data suggest that down-regulation of SelP and GPx4 gene expression induces plasma and testicular Se depletion leading, at least in part, to Cd-induced testicular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imed Messaoudi
- UR 09/30: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia. imed
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Selenium variation induced oxidative stress regulates p53 dependent germ cell apoptosis: plausible involvement of HSP70-2. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48:221-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shalini S, Bansal MP. Dietary selenium deficiency as well as excess supplementation induces multiple defects in mouse epididymal spermatozoa: understanding the role of selenium in male fertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 31:438-49. [PMID: 17651402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is essential for male fertility. The present study was carried out to observe the defects associated with Se deficiency as well as excess Se supplementation by analyzing the sperm ultrastructure and chromatin organization. Different Se status mice were generated viz. Se deficient (group I), Se adequate (group II) and Se excess (group III) by feeding the respective diets for a period of 4 (group Ia, IIa and IIIa) and 8 weeks (group Ib, IIb and IIIb). Reduction in sperm concentration, motility and percentage fertility was observed in Se deficient and Se excess groups. Electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial swelling and gaps between adjacent mitochondria in mice fed Se-deficient diet for 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, several abnormalities such as loose contact of the mitochondrial helix with the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondria, retention of cytoplasmic droplet, fracturing of outer dense fibres and presence of both the midpiece and the principal piece cross-sections in a common plasma membrane were observed. In Se excess group, the predominant defect was the frequent presence of equidistant, cross-sectioned midpieces of the tail embedded in a common cytoplasm. These defects are indicative of loss of sperm motility. Spermatozoa from Se-deficient mice had incompletely condensed chromatin and indicated an increase in occurrence of DNA strand breaks. The animals fed Se excess diet also indicated increase in DNA breaks but this was significantly less than the deficient diet fed groups. Our study reveals the defects associated with Se deficiency that result in loss of reproductive ability and also reflects its possible harmful effects on spermatozoa after prolonged consumption at supranutritional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Shalini
- Department of Biophysics, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Kaushal N, Bansal MP. Dietary selenium variation-induced oxidative stress modulates CDC2/cyclin B1 expression and apoptosis of germ cells in mice testis. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18:553-64. [PMID: 17320365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked with apoptosis in germ cells and with male infertility. However, the molecular mechanism of oxidative-stress-mediated apoptosis in germ cells has not been clearly defined so far. Because of the involvement of CDC2 and cyclin B1 in cell cycle regulation and their plausible role in apoptosis, the present study aimed to investigate the possibility that selenium (Se)-induced oxidative-stress-mediated modulations of these cell cycle regulators cause DNA damage and apoptosis in germ cells. To create different Se status (deficient, adequate and excess), male Balb/c mice were fed yeast-based Se-deficient diet (Group I) and a deficient diet supplemented with Se as sodium selenite (0.2 and 1 ppm Se in Groups II and III, respectively) for a period of 8 weeks. After the completion of the diet feeding schedule, a significant decrease in Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in the Se-deficient group (Group I), whereas the Se-excess group (Group III) demonstrated an increase in Se levels. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation were seen in both Groups I and III when compared to Group II, indicating oxidative stress. The mRNA and protein expressions of both CDC2 and cyclin B1 were found to be significantly decreased in Groups I and III. A decrease in the immunohistochemical localization of these proteins was also observed in spermatogenic cells. The mRNA expressions of apoptotic factors such as Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were found to be increased in Groups I and III. A decrease in CDC2 kinase activity was also seen in these groups. Increased apoptosis was observed in Group I and Group III animals by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP biotin nick end labeling assay indicating oxidative-stress-mediated DNA damage. These findings suggest the effect of Se-induced oxidative stress on the cell cycle regulators and apoptotic activity of germ cells, thus providing new dimensions to molecular mechanisms underlying male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kaushal
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Shalini S, Bansal MP. Role of selenium in spermatogenesis: differential expression of cjun and cfos in tubular cells of mice testis. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 292:27-38. [PMID: 17066317 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element, involved in the process of male reproduction. Best known as an antioxidant, it acts through various selenoproteins viz. glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and selenoprotein P. The aim of the present study was to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of Se in regulating spermatogenesis. Different Se status: deficient, adequate and excess Se, were generated in male Balb/c mice by feeding yeast based Se deficient diet, and deficient diet supplemented with Se as sodium selenite (0.2 and 1 ppm Se) respectively for a period of 4 and 8 weeks. Se levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were significantly reduced in the Se deficient mice and enhanced in Se supplemented group. Reduction in the number of post-meiotic germ cells viz. spermatids and spermatozoa, were observed in the deficient groups indicating loss in fertility and reproductive ability. cjun and cfos (components of transcription factor AP1) regulate cellular growth and differentiation and also exert a regulatory role in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Changes in the mRNA expression of cjun and cfos were observed. Concomitant with this, western blot revealed that the protein expression profile for both these genes was significantly altered in the Se deficient and Se excess groups. Further immunohistochemical analysis showed that, both these genes had identical cellular localization indicating that they do not work alone but act synergistically as AP1. cjun and cfos expression was greater in the early mitotic stages-spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the Se adequate controls. It decreased in the meiotic stages and then again peaked around the later stages-elongating spermatids and spermatozoa. However in the Se deficient mice, weaker expression was observed in the spermatogonia with a complete absence of expression near the lumen. No visible changes in cjun/cfos expression and immunohistochemical localization were observed in the excess group compared to the Se adequate controls. In conclusion, the present study clearly demonstrates that alteration in Se supply leads to decreased expression pattern for both cJun and cFos in the testicular germ cells which might be responsible for decreased germ cell number, differentiation and reduced fertility and accounts for the mechanism of Se action in regulating spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Shalini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Barber SJ, Parker HM, McDaniel CD. Broiler breeder semen quality as affected by trace minerals in vitro. Poult Sci 2005; 84:100-5. [PMID: 15685948 DOI: 10.1093/ps/84.1.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that trace elements, such as Se, Mn, and Zn, can alter reproductive functions. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the sperm quality index (SQI) and sperm viability as affected by various levels and sources of Se, Mn, and Zn when added in vitro to broiler breeder semen. In vitro treatments consisted of the following sources and levels of minerals: Control, no minerals added to sperm; seleno L-methionine, 4 levels ranging from 8.78 to 7,896 microg/L; sodium selenite, 4 levels ranging from 8.78 to 7,896 microg/L; MnSO4, 8 levels ranging from 6,500 to 65,000 mg/L; Zn 180 (Zinpro Corporation), 4 levels ranging from 0.65 to 650 mg/L; and ZnSO4, 4 levels ranging from 0.65 to 650 mg/L. The addition of 7,896 microg of sodium selenite/L to semen was detrimental to sperm motility. Also, MnSO4 adversely affected SQI and sperm viability at concentrations of 6,500 mg/L and greater. Sperm viability was decreased when 650 mg/L of Zn 180 was added to semen. Sperm motility was depressed by exposure to Zn 180 at 650 mg/L and ZnSO4 at 65 and 650 mg/L. Our results suggest that these trace minerals must act at the reproductive tissue level during spermatogenesis to improve semen quality. Direct in vitro application of these elements to semen appears to be detrimental to spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Barber
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762-9665, USA
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Surai P, Kostjuk I, Wishart G, Macpherson A, Speake B, Noble R, Ionov I, Kutz E. Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation of cockerel diets on glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation susceptibility in sperm, testes, and liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 64:119-32. [PMID: 9845467 DOI: 10.1007/bf02783329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipids of avian spermatozoa are characterized by high proportions of arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosatetraenoic (22:4n-6) fatty acids and are therefore sensitive to lipid peroxidation. Alpha-tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] are believed to be the primary components of the antioxidant system of the spermatozoa. The present study evaluates the effect of vitamin E and vitamin E plus Se supplementation of the cockerel diet on GSH-Px activity, vitamin E accumulation, and lipid peroxidation in the spermatozoa, testes, and liver. At the beginning of the experiment 75 Rhode Island Red cockerels were divided into five groups, kept in individual cages, and fed a wheat-barley-based ration balanced in all nutrients. Supplements fed to the different groups were as follows: vitamin E, 0, 20, 200, 20, and 200 mg/kg to groups 1-5, respectively, with groups 4 and 5 also receiving 0. 3 mg Se/kg. The vitamin E supplementation produced increased levels of alpha-tocopherol in semen, testes, and liver. The inclusion of the Se into the cock diet had a significant (P < 0.01) stimulating effect on GSH-Px activity in seminal plasma, spermatozoa, testes, and liver. The increased vitamin E concentration in the spermatozoa was associated with a reduction in their susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. Similarly, the increased GSH-Px activity provided enhanced protection against lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Surai
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Poultry Research Institute, Ukraine, Kharkov region, Borky
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Kaur R, Parshad VR. Ethyl methanesulphonate induced changes in the differentiation, structure and functions of spermatozoa of the house rat,Rattus rattus L. J Biosci 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02703238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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