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De Coster T, Masset H, Tšuiko O, Catteeuw M, Zhao Y, Dierckxsens N, Aparicio AL, Dimitriadou E, Debrock S, Peeraer K, de Ruijter-Villani M, Smits K, Van Soom A, Vermeesch JR. Parental genomes segregate into distinct blastomeres during multipolar zygotic divisions leading to mixoploid and chimeric blastocysts. Genome Biol 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 36184650 PMCID: PMC9528162 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During normal zygotic division, two haploid parental genomes replicate, unite and segregate into two biparental diploid blastomeres. RESULTS Contrary to this fundamental biological tenet, we demonstrate here that parental genomes can segregate to distinct blastomeres during the zygotic division resulting in haploid or uniparental diploid and polyploid cells, a phenomenon coined heterogoneic division. By mapping the genomic landscape of 82 blastomeres from 25 bovine zygotes, we show that multipolar zygotic division is a tell-tale of whole-genome segregation errors. Based on the haplotypes and live-imaging of zygotic divisions, we demonstrate that various combinations of androgenetic, gynogenetic, diploid, and polyploid blastomeres arise via distinct parental genome segregation errors including the formation of additional paternal, private parental, or tripolar spindles, or by extrusion of paternal genomes. Hence, we provide evidence that private parental spindles, if failing to congress before anaphase, can lead to whole-genome segregation errors. In addition, anuclear blastomeres are common, indicating that cytokinesis can be uncoupled from karyokinesis. Dissociation of blastocyst-stage embryos further demonstrates that whole-genome segregation errors might lead to mixoploid or chimeric development in both human and cow. Yet, following multipolar zygotic division, fewer embryos reach the blastocyst stage and diploidization occurs frequently indicating that alternatively, blastomeres with genome-wide errors resulting from whole-genome segregation errors can be selected against or contribute to embryonic arrest. CONCLUSIONS Heterogoneic zygotic division provides an overarching paradigm for the development of mixoploid and chimeric individuals and moles and can be an important cause of embryonic and fetal arrest following natural conception or IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine De Coster
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Heleen Masset
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dierckxsens
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ainhoa Larreategui Aparicio
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Debrock
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Peeraer
- Leuven University Fertility Center, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Woman and Baby, Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508, GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien Smits
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Reproductive Biology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Joris Robert Vermeesch
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Destouni A, Zamani Esteki M, Catteeuw M, Tšuiko O, Dimitriadou E, Smits K, Kurg A, Salumets A, Van Soom A, Voet T, Vermeesch JR. Zygotes segregate entire parental genomes in distinct blastomere lineages causing cleavage-stage chimerism and mixoploidy. Genome Res 2016; 26:567-78. [PMID: 27197242 PMCID: PMC4864459 DOI: 10.1101/gr.200527.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dramatic genome dynamics, such as chromosome instability, contribute to the remarkable genomic heterogeneity among the blastomeres comprising a single embryo during human preimplantation development. This heterogeneity, when compatible with life, manifests as constitutional mosaicism, chimerism, and mixoploidy in live-born individuals. Chimerism and mixoploidy are defined by the presence of cell lineages with different parental genomes or different ploidy states in a single individual, respectively. Our knowledge of their mechanistic origin results from indirect observations, often when the cell lineages have been subject to rigorous selective pressure during development. Here, we applied haplarithmisis to infer the haplotypes and the copy number of parental genomes in 116 single blastomeres comprising entire preimplantation bovine embryos (n = 23) following in vitro fertilization. We not only demonstrate that chromosome instability is conserved between bovine and human cleavage embryos, but we also discovered that zygotes can spontaneously segregate entire parental genomes into different cell lineages during the first post-zygotic cleavage division. Parental genome segregation was not exclusively triggered by abnormal fertilizations leading to triploid zygotes, but also normally fertilized zygotes can spontaneously segregate entire parental genomes into different cell lineages during cleavage of the zygote. We coin the term "heterogoneic division" to indicate the events leading to noncanonical zygotic cytokinesis, segregating the parental genomes into distinct cell lineages. Persistence of those cell lines during development is a likely cause of chimerism and mixoploidy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspasia Destouni
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Maaike Catteeuw
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Olga Tšuiko
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Smits
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Ants Kurg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Tartu University, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, 50410, Estonia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Ann Van Soom
- Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Herd Health, Ghent University, Ghent, 9820, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium; Sanger-EBI Single Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Joris R Vermeesch
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Center of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Mechanisms giving rise to triploid zygotes during assisted reproduction. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:49-55. [PMID: 17953968 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review information on the origin of triploid zygotes as gathered from assisted reproduction techniques. DESIGN Identification of relevant literature by a MEDLINE search and own experience on the basis of cytogenetic studies of abnormally fertilized oocytes. SETTING None. PATIENT(S) None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) None. RESULT(S) Penetration of two haploid spermatozoa or of a single diploid spermatozoon into the oocyte causes diandric triploidy. The first case can be discerned by formation of a total of three pronuclei, whereas the second process will remain undetected, because it involves a female and a single but diploid male pronucleus. Digynic triploidy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection is characterized by nonextrusion of the second polar body and formation of three pronuclei. Digyny can also result from the fertilization of diploid giant oocytes. Depending on how maturation of these gametes proceeds, three or only two pronuclei will be observed. Thus, the size of the pronuclear stage must be considered for a successful identification of the abnormality. Endoreduplication within the female pronucleus is not detectable and may represent another, albeit rare, origin of digynic triploidy. CONCLUSION(S) Routine inspection of the number of pronuclei is not an absolutely reliable tool for excluding the development of triploid embryos. Observations during assisted reproduction may yield valuable information on the origin of triploidy.
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Zenzes MT, Casper RF. Cytogenetics of human oocytes, zygotes, and embryos after in vitro fertilization. Hum Genet 1992; 88:367-75. [PMID: 1740312 DOI: 10.1007/bf00215667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome errors, inherited or arising de novo during gametogenesis and transmitted at fertilization to the conceptus, may be a major cause of embryonic mortality. The in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) procedure provides extra material--oocytes, zygotes, and embryos--to investigate the contribution of chromosomal abnormality to implantation failure. This paper reviews the results of cytogenetic studies on such material. Estimates from a total of 1120 oocytes from 11 studies give an overall proportion of chromosomal abnormality of 35%. Single and multiple nullisomies and disomies are found, involving nonrandom chromosome gain or loss. Hypohaploid complements are more frequent than hyperhaploid complements. The higher rate of chromosome loss of hypohaploid karyotypes was found to be largely artifactual. The estimated overall frequency of aneuploidy is 13%. In embryos the level of chromosomal abnormality is 23%-40%. Errors of fertilization are responsible for a substantial number of triploid embryos, many of which develop into mosaics. Factors extrinsic to the conceptus, such as infertility, advanced maternal age, and ovarian hyperstimulation, may increase the level of chromosomal abnormality. More refined methods for accurately recognizing and selecting chromosomally normal embryos for transfer are needed to improve the success rate of this reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Zenzes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pieters MH, Dumoulin JC, Ignoul-Vanvuchelen RC, Bras M, Evers JL, Geraedts JP. Triploidy after in vitro fertilization: cytogenetic analysis of human zygotes and embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 1992; 9:68-76. [PMID: 1617254 DOI: 10.1007/bf01204118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripronuclear zygotes obtained from a clinical IVF program were studied cytogenetically. Successful analysis was possible of 42 specimens at the zygote stage and 21 embryos after the first or second cleavage division. In the majority of zygotes (88%) the expected triploidy was confirmed, whereas only 14% of embryos had solely triploid cells. Therefore it is concluded that after tripolar cleavage division, many different types of mosaicism may originate from irregular chromosome distributions. Since the findings in individual blastomeres in embryos resulting from multipronuclear zygotes do not reflect the genetic content of the whole embryo, these embryos are less suitable in a model system for preimplantion diagnosis. The distribution of the sex chromosomal types (XXX, XXY, and XYY) confirmed theoretical expectations. Since in abortion material or in liveborn triploidy cases, the XYY karyotype is hardly ever observed, this indicates that most likely the 69,XYY karyotype has a very high embryonic mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Pieters
- Department of Genetics/Cell Biology, University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ma S, Kalousek DK, Zouves C, Yuen BH, Gomel V, Moon YS. The chromosomal complements of cleaved human embryos resulting from in vitro fertilization. JOURNAL OF IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER : IVF 1990; 7:16-21. [PMID: 2338510 DOI: 10.1007/bf01133878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome preparations were made from 25 cleaved abnormal human embryos at the two- to eight-cell stage after in vitro fertilization. Morphologically, these embryos showed either variable degrees of degeneration or an abnormal number of pronuclei before first cleavage. Among 14 successfully karyotyped embryos, only 3 had a normal chromosomal complement. Eleven showed chromosomal abnormalities, including triploidy, haploidy, and mosaicism. This finding documents a high incidence of chromosomal errors in morphologically abnormal early preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaughnessy Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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