Configurational and conformational analysis

Glycoside constituents from Cayratia geniculata

Using various chromatographic separations, six glycoside derivatives (1-6), including one new ent-labdane glucoside named cayratioside (1), were isolated from the methanol extract of Cayratia geniculata stems and leaves. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of the 1D, 2D NMR, and HRESIQTOF mass spectra. The inhibitory effect of 1-6 on LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells was also evaluated. Among isolated compounds, 1 exhibited moderate activity with an IC50 value of 59.65 ± 1.85 µM.

Cytotoxic Metabolites from Calophyllum tacamahaca Willd.: Isolation and Detection through Feature-Based Molecular Networking

Isocaloteysmannic acid (1), a new chromanone, was isolated from the leaf extract of the medicinal species Calophyllum tacamahaca Willd. along with 13 known metabolites belonging to the families of biflavonoids (2), xanthones (3-5, 10), coumarins (6-8) and triterpenes (9, 11-14). The structure of the new compound was characterized based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution electrospray mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) data. Its absolute configuration was assigned through electronic circular dichroism (ECD) measurements. Compound (1) showed a moderate cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HT29 cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 19.65 and 25.68 µg/mL, respectively, according to the Red Dye method. Compounds 7, 8 and 10-13 exhibited a potent cytotoxic activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.44 to 15.38 µg/mL, against one or both cell lines. A feature-based molecular networking (FBMN) approach led to the detection of a large amount of xanthones in the leaves extract, and particularly analogues of the cytotoxic isolated xanthone pyranojacareubin (10).

Expedient synthesis of highly substituted 3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides and 1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides: revisiting sulfene additions to enaminoketones

The addition of sulfenes to substituted enaminoketones, followed by a facile Cope elimination, provides efficient access to a diverse series of 1,2-oxathiine 2,2-dioxides.

Synthesis of New Perimidine Derivatives from the Reaction of 1,8-Diaminonapthalene with Iminoester Hydrochlorides

An alternative procedure is described for the synthesis of 2-substituted perimidines involving the reaction of 1,8-diaminonapthalene with iminoester hydrochlorides of substituted phenylacetic acids under microwave irradiation. This leads to good yields in short reaction times. The results were compared with those that used conventional heating. This new method may be preferable for the synthesis of perimidines.

The alkaloids of Lycopodium cernuum L. II. The stereochemistry of cernuine and lycocernuine

The relative stereochemistries of cernuine (I) and lycocernuine (II) have been derived by a combination of chemical and physical methods. Evidence is presented which indicates that I and II also represent the absolute stereochemistry of these alkaloids. The stereochemistry of allocernuine is discussed, and the isomerization of allocernuine into epiallocernuine is described.

CYCLOHEXANE COMPOUNDS: VI. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTRA OF SOME DERIVATIVES OF THE STEREOISOMERIC 3-BROMO-1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDIOLS AND THE 2-BROMO-1,3-CYCLOHEXANEDIOLS

First-order analysis of the 60 Mc.p.s. proton magnetic resonance spectra of 1α-methoxy-2β-acetoxy-3α-bromocyclohexane, 1α-methoxy-2α-acetoxy-3β-bromocyclohexane, 1α-methoxy-2β-bromo-3α-acetoxycyclohexane, 1α-methoxy-2α-bromo-3β-acetoxycyclohexane, and the corresponding diol diacetates confirmed the stereochemical interrelationships of substituents which were assigned previously on chemical grounds, and demonstrated that the compounds exist in chair conformations. The chemical shifts of the methoxy methyl and acetoxy methyl protons did not provide reliable criteria for the assignment of conformations to these substituents in this series. The coupling constants of the methine protons followed, in general, the pattern predicted by the Karplus equation, and the smaller J2,3 values observed in the cis,trans compounds relative to those in the trans,trans compounds are interpreted mainly on the basis of conformational equilibration, upon which is superimposed a small dihedral angular distortion or a remote substituent orientational effect.