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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Yakovlev I, Deming TJ. Controlled synthesis of phosphorylcholine derivatives of poly(serine) and poly(homoserine). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4078-81. [PMID: 25790104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report methods for the synthesis of polypeptides that are fully functionalized with desirable phosphorylcholine, PC, groups. Because of the inherent challenges in the direct incorporation of the PC group into α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomers, we developed a synthetic approach that combined functional NCA polymerization with efficient postpolymerization modification. While poly(L-phosphorylcholine serine) was found to be unstable upon synthesis, we successfully prepared poly(L-phosphorylcholine homoserine) with controlled chain lengths and found these to be water-soluble with disordered chain conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Yakovlev
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Timothy J Deming
- †Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Villemin E, Robeyns K, Robiette R, Herent MF, Marchand-Brynaert J. Polycyclic phosphonic acid derivatives obtained by a [4+2] cycloaddition strategy using phosphonodienes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fagerholm AE, Habrant D, Koskinen AMP. Calyculins and related marine natural products as serine-threonine protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A inhibitors and total syntheses of calyculin A, B, and C. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:122-72. [PMID: 20161975 PMCID: PMC2817927 DOI: 10.3390/md80100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calyculins, highly cytotoxic polyketides, originally isolated from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx by Fusetani and co-workers, belong to the lithistid sponges group. These molecules have become interesting targets for cell biologists and synthetic organic chemists. The serine/threonine protein phosphatases play an essential role in the cellular signalling, metabolism, and cell cycle control. Calyculins express potent protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitory activity, and have therefore become valuable tools for cellular biologists studying intracellular processes and their control by reversible phosphorylation. Calyculins might also play an important role in the development of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2-diabetes mellitus. The fascinating structures of calyculins have inspired various groups of synthetic organic chemists to develop total syntheses of the most abundant calyculins A and C. However, with fifteen chiral centres, a cyano-capped tetraene unit, a phosphate-bearing spiroketal, an anti, anti, anti dipropionate segment, an alpha-chiral oxazole, and a trihydroxylated gamma-amino acid, calyculins reach versatility that only few natural products can surpass, and truly challenge modern chemists' asymmetric synthesis skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika E. Fagerholm
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
| | - Damien Habrant
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
| | - Ari M. P. Koskinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
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Anderson OP, Barrett AGM, Edmunds JJ, Hachiya SI, Hendrix JA, Horita K, Malecha JW, Parkinson CJ, VanSickle A. Applications of crotyldiisopinocampheylboranes in synthesis: a formal total synthesis of (+)-calyculin A. CAN J CHEM 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/v01-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The formal total synthesis of the marine metabolite (+)-calyculin A is reported. The key steps involve (i) the use of Brown allylboration chemistry to control the relative and absolute stereochemistry of homoallylic alcohol arrays, thus setting eight of the desired stereocenters; (ii) Stille coupling methodology in the construction of the cyano tetraene unit of the natural product; and (iii) a modified CornforthMeyers approach to the synthesis of the oxazole fragment.Key words: calyculin, marine natural product, phosphatase inhibitor, total synthesis, palladium catalyzed coupling reactions, allylboration reactions, aldol reactions, spiroketal, CornforthMeyers oxazole reaction.
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Chevallier J, Sakai N, Robert F, Kobayashi T, Gruenberg J, Matile S. Rapid access to synthetic lysobisphosphatidic acids using P(III) chemistry. Org Lett 2000; 2:1859-61. [PMID: 10891176 DOI: 10.1021/ol0059246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious route to synthetic lysobisphosphatidic acid S,S-1, its enantiomer, and regioisomers is reported. Synthetic difficulties concerning lipid stability and stereochemistry are bypassed using a phosphite triester approach in combination with multiple silyl protection. Spectroscopic studies evidence that acyl group migration in S,S-1 is accelerated by nonpolar solvents and inhibited by pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chevallier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Martin SF, Wagman AS. Synthesis and Kinetic Evaluation of Inhibitors of the Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. J Org Chem 1996; 61:8016-8023. [PMID: 11667784 DOI: 10.1021/jo960850q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substrate analogues of phosphatidylinositol (1) were synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from Bacillus cereus. The chiral analogues of the water-soluble phospholipid substrate 5 were designed to probe the effects of varying the inositol C-2 hydroxyl group, which is generally believed to serve as the nucleophile in the first step of the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols by PI-PLC. In the analogues 6-9, the C-2 hydroxyl group on the inositol ring of the phosphatidylinositol derivatives was rationally altered in several ways. Inversion of the stereochemistry at C-2 of the inositol ring led to the scyllo derivative 6. The inositol C-2 hydroxy group was replaced with inversion by a fluorine to produce the scyllo-fluoro inositol 7 and with a hydrogen atom to furnish the 2-deoxy compound 8. The C-2 hydroxyl group was O-methylated to prepare the methoxy derivative 9. The natural inositol configuration at C-2 was retained in the nonhydrolyzable phosphorodithioate analogue 10. The inhibition of PI-PLC by each of these analogues was then analyzed in a continuous assay using D-myo-inositol 1-(4-nitrophenyl phosphate) (25) as a chromogenic substrate. The kinetic parameters for each of these phosphatidylinositol derivatives were determined, and each was found to be a competitive inhibitor with K(i)'s as follows: 6, 0.2 mM; 10, 0.6 mM; 8, 2.6 mM; 9, 6.6 mM; and 7, 8.8 mM. This study further establishes that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol analogues by bacterial PI-PLC requires not only the presence of a C-2 hydroxyl group on the inositol ring, but the stereochemistry at this position must also correspond to the natural myo-configuration. For future inhibitor design, it is perhaps noteworthy that the best inhibitors 6 and 10 each possess a hydroxyl group at the C-2 position. Several of the inhibitors identified in this study are now being used to obtain crystallographic information for an enzyme-inhibitor complex to gain further insights regarding the mechanism of hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositides by this PI-PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen F. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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Parry RJ, Burns MR, Skae PN, Hoyt JC, Pal B. Carbocyclic analogues of D-ribose-5-phosphate: synthesis and behavior with 5-phosphoribosyl alpha-1-pyrophosphate synthetases. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1077-88. [PMID: 8831979 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cyclopentyl and cyclopentenyl analogues of the alpha-anomer of D-ribose-5-phosphate from D-ribonolactone and D-ribose is described. These analogues, which have the same absolute configuration as D-ribose-5-phosphate, were incubated with PRPP synthetases in an attempt to prepare the corresponding carbocyclic PRPP analogues. The carbocyclic ribose-5-phosphate analogues were found to be inhibitors, rather than substrates, for 5-phosphoribosyl alpha-1-pyrophosphate synthetases of both bacterial and human origin. The inhibitory behaviour of the analogues is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Parry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
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Smith AB, Iwashima M. Calyculin synthetic studies. 4. remarkable reversal of diastereo-selectivity in payne epoxidation of vinyl spiroketal intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(94)88072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takebuchi K, Hamada Y, Shioiri T. Synthesis of the C13–C19 unit in the spiroketal fragment of calyculins. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)77073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tanimoto N, Gerritz SW, Sawabe A, Noda T, Filla SA, Masamune S. Synthese von natürlich vorkommendem (−)-Calyculin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19941060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wada T, Sekine M. 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl as a phosphate protecting group in oligonucleotide synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)75810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yokokawa F, Hamada Y, Shioiri T. Synthesis of the tetraene fragment of calyculins having natural configurations. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(93)88104-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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N,N-Diisopropyl-bis[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]phosphoramidite. An attractive phosphitylating agent compatible with the Fmoc/t-butyl strategy for the synthesis of phosphotyrosine containing peptides. Tetrahedron Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)79160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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