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Zangbar HS, Fallahi S, Hosseini L, Ghorbani M, Jafarzadehgharehziaaddin M, Shahabi P. Spinal cord injury leads to more neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of aged male rats compared to young rats. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1569-1583. [PMID: 37129669 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Although the disruptive effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on the hippocampus have been confirmed in some animal studies, no study has investigated its retrograde manifestations in the hippocampus of aged subjects. Herein, we compared the aged rats with young ones 3 weeks after the induction of SCI (Groups: Sham.Young, SCI.Young, Sham.Aged, SCI.Aged). The locomotion, hippocampal apoptosis, hippocampal rhythms (Delta, Theta, Beta, Gamma) max frequency (Max.rf) and power, hippocampal neurogenesis, and hippocampal receptors (NMDA, GABA A, Muscarinic1/M1), which are important in the generation of rhythms and neurogenesis, were compared in aged rats in contrast to young rats. At the end of the third week, the number of apoptotic (Tunel+) cells in the hippocampus (CA1, DG) of SCI animals was significantly higher compared to the sham animals, and also, it was significantly higher in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. Moreover, the rate of neurogenesis (DCX+, BrdU+ cells) and expression of M1 and NMDA receptors were significantly lower in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. The power and Max.fr of all rhythms were significantly lower in SCI groups compared to sham groups. Despite the decrease in the power of rhythms in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group, there was no significant difference between them, and in terms of Max.fr index, only the Max.fr of theta and beta rhythms were significantly lower in the SCI.Aged group compared to SCI.Young group. This study showed that SCI could cause more neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of aged animals compared to young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Soltani Zangbar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cognition, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Solmaz Fallahi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Meysam Ghorbani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Shahabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, East Azarbayjan, 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang Y, Jin YK, Guo TC, Li ZR, Feng BY, Han JH, Vreugdenhil M, Lu CB. Activation of Dopamine 4 Receptor Subtype Enhances Gamma Oscillations in Hippocampal Slices of Aged Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:838803. [PMID: 35370600 PMCID: PMC8966726 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.838803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neural network oscillation at gamma frequency band (γ oscillation, 30–80 Hz) is synchronized synaptic potentials important for higher brain processes and altered in normal aging. Recent studies indicate that activation of dopamine 4 receptor (DR4) enhanced hippocampal γ oscillation of young mice and fully recovered the impaired hippocampal synaptic plasticity of aged mice, we determined whether this receptor is involved in aging-related modulation of hippocampal γ oscillation. Methods We recorded γ oscillations in the hippocampal CA3 region from young and aged C57bl6 mice and investigated the effects of dopamine and the selective dopamine receptor (DR) agonists on γ oscillation. Results We first found that γ oscillation power (γ power) was reduced in aged mice compared to young mice, which was restored by exogenous application of dopamine (DA). Second, the selective agonists for different D1- and D2-type dopamine receptors increased γ power in young mice but had little or small effect in aged mice. Third, the D4 receptor (D4R) agonist PD168077 caused a large increase of γ power in aged mice but a small increase in young mice, and its effect is blocked by the highly specific D4R antagonist L-745,870 or largely reduced by a NMDAR antagonist. Fourth, D3R agonist had no effect on γ power of either young or aged mice. Conclusion This study reveals DR subtype-mediated hippocampal γ oscillations is aging-related and DR4 activation restores the impaired γ oscillations in aged brain, and suggests that D4R is the potential target for the improvement of cognitive deficits related to the aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yi-Kai Jin
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tie-Cheng Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Rong Li
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bing-Yan Feng
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jin-Hong Han
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Martin Vreugdenhil
- Department of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Martin Vreugdenhil,
| | - Cheng-Biao Lu
- Henan International Key Laboratory for Non-invasive Neuromodulation, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Cheng-Biao Lu,
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Szabó ER, Plangár I, Tőkés T, Mán I, Polanek R, Kovács R, Fekete G, Szabó Z, Csenki Z, Baska F, Hideghéty K. l-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine as a Potential Radioprotective Agent in Zebrafish Embryo Model. Zebrafish 2016; 13:481-488. [PMID: 27486826 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work establishes the zebrafish embryo model for ionizing radiation (IR) modifier research and also evaluates the protective effect of l-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC). Embryos were exposed to a single-fraction whole-body gamma irradiation (5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy) at different postfertilization time points and were serially assessed for viability and macro- and micromorphologic abnormalities. After toxicity evaluation, 194 μM of GPC was added for certain groups with 3-h incubation before the radiation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression changes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A higher sensitivity could be observed at earlier stages of the embryogenesis. The lethal dose (LD50) for 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) embryos was 15 Gy and for 24 hpf was 20 Gy on day 7, respectively. GPC administration resulted in a significant improvement in both the distortion rate and survival of the 24 hpf embryos. Qualitative evaluation of the histological changes confirmed the protective effect of GPC. IL-1β and NF-κB overexpression due to 10 Gy irradiation was also reduced by GPC. GPC exhibited promising radioprotective effects in our zebrafish embryo model, decreasing the irradiation-induced morphological damage and lethality with significant reduction of IR-caused pro-inflammatory activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Rita Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Plangár
- 2 MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Tőkés
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,3 Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imola Mán
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Polanek
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Róbert Kovács
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Fekete
- 4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Csenki
- 5 Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István University of Gödöllő , Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- 6 Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University , Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Hideghéty
- 1 Attosecond Light Pulse Source, ELI-HU Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary .,4 Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged , Szeged, Hungary
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Grasso S, Bramanti V, Tomassoni D, Bronzi D, Malfa G, Traini E, Napoli M, Renis M, Amenta F, Avola R. Effect of lipoic acid and α-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline on astroglial cell proliferation and differentiation in primary culture. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:86-94. [PMID: 24166560 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipoic acid plays a crucial role as antioxidant and metabolic component of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism of different cell types. Choline alphoscerate (α-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline [αGPC]) is a semisynthetic derivative of phosphatidylcholines representing, among acetilcholine precursors, a cholinergic drug. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of some proliferation and differentiation markers in 15 or 21 DIV astrocyte cultures treated with 50 μM (+)lipoic acid or (+/-)lipoic acid and/or 10 mM αGPC for 24 hr. In addition, we evaluated the possible genoprotective effect by analysis of DNA status detected by alkaline comet assay. The addition of single drugs [(+)lipoic acid, (+/-)lipoic acid, or αGPC] induced an "upward modulation" of the expression of biomarkers used in our study. On the contrary, the cotreatment with either (+)lipoic acid + αGPC or (+/-)lipoic + αGPC surprisingly showed no significant modification or even a downregulation of the above-mentioned biomarkers. This latter finding demonstrated no additional effect after the cotreatment with both drugs with respect to the single treatments alone. Further studies are necessary to clarify the specific mechanism evoked by the processing of these neuroprotective agents in our in vitro models. Finally, these preliminary findings may represent a good tool with which to clarify the antioxidant and metabolic roles played by lipoic acid in proliferating and differentiating astroglial cell cultures, during an interactive cross-talk between glial and neuronal cells, after brain lesions or damage correlated with oxidative stress that may occur in some degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grasso
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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5
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Tőkés T, Varga G, Garab D, Nagy Z, Fekete G, Tuboly E, Plangár I, Mán I, Szabó RE, Szabó Z, Volford G, Ghyczy M, Kaszaki J, Boros M, Hideghéty K. Peripheral inflammatory activation after hippocampus irradiation in the rat. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 90:1-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.836617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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6
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Tuboly E, Szabó A, Garab D, Bartha G, Janovszky Á, Erős G, Szabó A, Mohácsi Á, Szabó G, Kaszaki J, Ghyczy M, Boros M. Methane biogenesis during sodium azide-induced chemical hypoxia in rats. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 304:C207-14. [PMID: 23174561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00300.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated methane generation in aerobic cells. Our aims were to investigate the methanogenic features of sodium azide (NaN(3))-induced chemical hypoxia in the whole animal and to study the effects of l-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) on endogenous methane production and inflammatory events as indicators of a NaN(3)-elicited mitochondrial dysfunction. Group 1 of Sprague-Dawley rats served as the sham-operated control; in group 2, the animals were treated with NaN(3) (14 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) sc) for 8 days. In group 3, the chronic NaN(3) administration was supplemented with daily oral GPC treatment. Group 4 served as an oral antibiotic-treated control (rifaximin, 10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) targeting the intestinal bacterial flora, while group 5 received this antibiotic in parallel with NaN(3) treatment. The whole body methane production of the rats was measured by means of a newly developed method based on photoacoustic spectroscopy, the microcirculation of the liver was observed by intravital videomicroscopy, and structural changes were assessed via in vivo fluorescent confocal laser-scanning microscopy. NaN(3) administration induced a significant inflammatory reaction and methane generation independently of the methanogenic flora. After 8 days, the hepatic microcirculation was disturbed and the ATP content was decreased, without major structural damage. Methane generation, the hepatic microcirculatory changes, and the increased tissue myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase activities were reduced by GPC treatment. In conclusion, the results suggest that methane production in mammals is connected with hypoxic events associated with a mitochondrial dysfunction. GPC is protective against the inflammatory consequences of a hypoxic reaction that might involve cellular or mitochondrial methane generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Tuboly
- Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Effect of choline-containing phospholipids on brain cholinergic transporters in the rat. J Neurol Sci 2010; 302:49-57. [PMID: 21195433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of one week treatment with the choline-containing phospholipids cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) and choline alphoscerate (L-alpha-glyceryl-phosphorylcholine) at choline-equivalent doses (CDP-choline: 325 mg/kg/day; choline alphoscerate: 150 mg/kg/day) on vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), on choline transporter (CHT) and on acetylcholine (ACh) concentrations was investigated in rat frontal cortex, striatum and cerebellum. ACh was assayed by HPLC with electrochemical detection, VAChT by Western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry, CHT by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. After CDP-treatment, ACh levels were slightly increased in the frontal cortex, not substantially different in the striatum, and reduced significantly in the cerebellum compared to controls. Choline alphoscerate stimulated significantly the neurotransmitter concentration in the frontal cortex, however, the levels were similar to the controls in both the striatum and cerebellum. In comparison to the controls, VAChT expression following either CDP-choline or choline alphoscerate treatment, was enhanced greatly in the striatum and cerebellum. Also, ELISA measurements for VAChT showed significant increases in all choline alphoscerate treated brain areas. In contrast, in the CDP-choline treated rats the vesicular transporter amount was greater than the control only in the striatum. The cholinergic presynaptic transporters VAChT and CHT play a relevant role in sustaining new ACh synthesis and release. To sum up, CDP-choline and choline alphoscerate stimulated to a different extent the expression of VAChT and CHT primarily in a cognitive area such as frontal cortex. In the lack of novel therapeutic strategies, safe compounds developed since a long time such as the choline-containing phospholipids investigated would merit to be further investigated by new and adequate clinical studies. This for assessing their place if any in pharmacotherapy of dementia disorders characterized by diminished cholinergic tone.
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8
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Neuroprotective effect of treatment with galantamine and choline alphoscerate on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Neurol Sci 2009; 283:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2009.02.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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9
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Dietary supplementation with a combination of α-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, glycerophosphocoline, docosahexaenoic acid, and phosphatidylserine reduces oxidative damage to murine brain and improves cognitive performance. Nutr Res 2009; 29:70-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Court JA, Lloyd S, Johnson M, Griffiths M, Birdsall NJ, Piggott MA, Oakley AE, Ince PG, Perry EK, Perry RH. Nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in the human hippocampal formation during development and aging. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 1997; 101:93-105. [PMID: 9263584 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-3806(97)00052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity nicotine, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BT) and muscarinic receptor binding was measured in the human hippocampal formation in a series of 57 cases aged between 24 weeks gestation and 100 years. Changes in nicotine receptor binding during development and aging were more striking than differences in alpha BT and muscarinic binding. Nicotine binding was higher at the late foetal stage than at any other subsequent time in all areas investigated. In the hippocampus a fall in binding then occurred within the first six months of life, with little or no subsequent fall during aging, whereas in the entorhinal cortex and the presubiculum the major loss of nicotine binding occurred after the fourth decade. alpha BT binding was significantly elevated in the CA 1 region, but in no other region of the hippocampus, in the late foetus, and there was also a fall in alpha BT binding in the entorhinal cortex during aging from the second decade. The modest changes in total muscarinic binding, which appeared to reflect those in M1 and M3 + 4 rather than M2 binding, were a rise in the entorhinal cortex between the foetal stage and childhood and a tendency for receptors to fall with age in the hippocampus and subicular complex. These findings implicate mechanisms controlling the expression of nicotinic receptors to a greater extent than muscarinic receptors in postnatal development and aging in the human hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Court
- MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, UK
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Araki T, Kato H, Shuto K, Fujiwara T, Itoyama Y. Effects of vinconate on neurotransmitter receptor systems in aged rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1996; 2:343-349. [PMID: 21781741 DOI: 10.1016/s1382-6689(96)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/1996] [Revised: 08/09/1996] [Accepted: 08/12/1996] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of age and (±)-methyl-3-ethyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydro-1 H-indolo[3,2,1-de][1,5]naphthyridine-6-carboxylate hydrochloride (vinconate), an indolonaphthyridine derivative, on neurotransmitter receptor systems in the rat brain using quantitative receptor autoradiography. [(3)H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), [(3)H]hemicholinium-3 (HC) and [(3)H]muscimol were used to label acetylcholine receptors, high-affinity choline uptake sites and γ-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors, respectively. [(3)H]QNB, [(3)H]HC and [(3)H]muscimol binding decreased in any brain areas of 24-month-old (aged) rats in comparison with 6-month-old (adult) animals. Chronic treatment with vinconate (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p., once a day for 4 weeks) partly ameliorated the reduction in [(3)H]QNB, [(3)H]HC and [(3)H]muscimol biding in aged rat brains. This effect was especially noted in [(3)H]muscimol binding. The results suggest that vinconate may have beneficial effects on age-related changes in neurotransmitter receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Araki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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12
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Muccioli G, Raso GM, Ghé C, Di Carlo R. Effect of L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on muscarinic receptors and membrane microviscosity of aged rat brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996; 20:323-39. [PMID: 8861196 DOI: 10.1016/0278-5846(95)00313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Old rats showed a significant decrease in the number of muscarinic M(1) receptors and a significant increase in membrane microviscosity in the striatum and hippocampus as compared to young animals. In contrast, no significant changes in the density of muscarinic M(2) receptors were observed with aging. 2. Chronic treatment of aged rats with L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-alpha-GPC) restored the number of M(1) receptors to levels found in the striatum and hippocampus from young animals. The same treatment to aged rats partially restored membrane microviscosity in both regions studied and hence increased membrane fluidity. 3. None of the major metabolites of L-alpha-GPC (choline, glycerophosphate or phosphorylcholine) was able to restore the number of striatal and hippocampal M(1) sites and membrane microviscosity of aged rats, neither did any of these treatments (including treatment with L-alpha-GPC) modify the level of M(1) receptors and microviscosity values in young rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Muccioli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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Crespo D, Verduga R, Fernández-Viadero C, Megías M. Structural changes induced by cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) chronic treatment in neurosecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus of aged CFW-mice. Mech Ageing Dev 1995; 84:183-93. [PMID: 8788774 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(95)01654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of chronic administration of cytidine-5'-diphosphate choline (CDP-choline), a precursor of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine, was studied in neurosecretory neurons (NSNs) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of aged mouse hypothalamus. Animals were treated with CDP-choline from 12 months of age until 26 months. They were studied for both morphologic and morphometric features. The results obtained were compared to those of an age-matched control group. There was evidence of differences between NSNs of the control group and those of the CDP-choline group which showed neuronal hypertrophy. This size increase was mainly attributed to the increment of cellular protein synthesis machinery, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi complexes. Furthermore there was an increase in the number of neurosecretory granules (NSGs) in the CDP-choline group. In addition, there was no tertiary lysosomes in the treated animals. Moreover, the percentage of NSN membrane that was not covered by glial prolongations, increased from about 2% in the control group to 12% in the CDP-Choline treated group. These changes suggested an activation of the cellular processes for neurohormone synthesis in the experimental group. Furthermore, these NSNs displayed lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. The possible relationship between CDP-choline and NSNs activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crespo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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