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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- MOE Lab of Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yina Lin
- MOE Lab of Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Lab of Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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Gosset A, Ferro Y, Durrieu C. Methods for evaluating the pollution impact of urban wet weather discharges on biocenosis: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:330-354. [PMID: 26720196 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rainwater becomes loaded with a large number of pollutants when in contact with the atmosphere and urban surfaces. These pollutants (such as metals, pesticides, PAHs, PCBs) reduce the quality of water bodies. As it is now acknowledged that physico-chemical analyses alone are insufficient for identifying an ecological impact, these analyses are frequently completed or replaced by impact studies communities living in freshwater ecosystems (requiring biological indices), ecotoxicological studies, etc. Thus, different monitoring strategies have been developed over recent decades aimed at evaluating the impact of the pollution brought by urban wet weather discharges on the biocenosis of receiving aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this review is to establish a synthetic and critical view of these different methods used, to define their advantages and disadvantages, and to provide recommendations for futures researches. Although studies on aquatic communities are used efficiently, notably on benthic macroinvertebrates, they are difficult to interpret. In addition, despite the fact that certain bioassays lack representativeness, the literature at present appears meagre regarding ecotoxicological studies conducted in situ. However, new tools for studying urban wet weather discharges have emerged, namely biosensors. The advantages of biosensors are that they allow monitoring the impact of discharges in situ and continuously. However, only one study on this subject has been identified so far, making it necessary to perform further research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gosset
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France.
| | - Yannis Ferro
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
| | - Claude Durrieu
- Université de Lyon, ENTPE, CNRS, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France
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Diuron in water: functional toxicity and intracellular detoxification patterns of active concentrations assayed in tandem by a yeast-based probe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3731-40. [PMID: 25837349 PMCID: PMC4410212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120403731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A study on the acute and chronic effects of the herbicide diuron was carried out. The test, basing on a yeast cell probe, investigated the interference with cellular catabolism and possible self-detoxification capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aerobic respiration was taken as the toxicological end-point. Percentage interference (%r) with cellular respiration was measured in water by increased dissolved O2 concentration (ppm) after exposure to different doses. Interference was calculated through the comparison of respiratory activity of exposed and non-exposed cells. Short-term and long-term (6 and 24 h respectively) exposures were also considered. The test for short-term exposure gave positive %r values except that for 10-6 M (11.11%, 11.76%, 13.33% and 0% for 10-10 M, 10-8 M, 10-7 M and 10-6 M respectively). In the case of long-term exposure the test showed positive %r values, but less effect than short-term exposure until 10-8 M and much higher at 10-6 M (7.41%, 8.82%, 11.76% and 6.06% for 10-10 M, 10-8 M, 10-7 M and 10-6 M respectively). The findings of aerobic respiration as toxicological end-point were in agreement with known mechanisms of toxicity and intracellular detoxification for both the doses and exposure times employed.
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Futra D, Heng LY, Surif S, Ahmad A, Ling TL. Microencapsulated Aliivibrio fischeri in alginate microspheres for monitoring heavy metal toxicity in environmental waters. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2014; 14:23248-68. [PMID: 25490588 PMCID: PMC4299061 DOI: 10.3390/s141223248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this article a luminescence fiber optic biosensor for the microdetection of heavy metal toxicity in waters based on the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (A. fischeri) encapsulated in alginate microspheres is described. Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI), Co(II), Ni(II), Ag(I) and Fe(II) were selected as sample toxic heavy metal ions for evaluation of the performance of this toxicity microbiosensor. The loss of bioluminescence response from immobilized A. fischeri bacterial cells corresponds to changes in the toxicity levels. The inhibition of the luminescent biosensor response collected at excitation and emission wavelengths of 287 ± 2 nm and 487 ± 2 nm, respectively, was found to be reproducible and repeatable within the relative standard deviation (RSD) range of 2.4-5.7% (n = 8). The toxicity biosensor based on alginate micropsheres exhibited a lower limit of detection (LOD) for Cu(II) (6.40 μg/L), Cd(II) (1.56 μg/L), Pb(II) (47 μg/L), Ag(I) (18 μg/L) than Zn(II) (320 μg/L), Cr(VI) (1,000 μg/L), Co(II) (1700 μg/L), Ni(II) (2800 μg/L), and Fe(III) (3100 μg/L). Such LOD values are lower when compared with other previous reported whole cell toxicity biosensors using agar gel, agarose gel and cellulose membrane biomatrices used for the immobilization of bacterial cells. The A. fischeri bacteria microencapsulated in alginate biopolymer could maintain their metabolic activity for a prolonged period of up to six weeks without any noticeable changes in the bioluminescence response. The bioluminescent biosensor could also be used for the determination of antagonistic toxicity levels for toxicant mixtures. A comparison of the results obtained by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and using the proposed luminescent A. fischeri-based biosensor suggests that the optical toxicity biosensor can be used for quantitative microdetermination of heavy metal toxicity in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dedi Futra
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Salmijah Surif
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Asmat Ahmad
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
| | - Tan Ling Ling
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), LESTARI, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia.
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Adeniran A, Sherer M, Tyo KE. Yeast-based biosensors: design and applications. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 15:1-15. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adebola Adeniran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
| | - Michael Sherer
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
| | - Keith E.J. Tyo
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
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Sammartino MP, Castrucci M, Ruiu D, Visco G, Campanella L. Photostability and toxicity of finasteride, diclofenac and naproxen under simulating sunlight exposure: evaluation of the toxicity trend and of the packaging photoprotection. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:181. [PMID: 24325844 PMCID: PMC3881013 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drugs photostability plays two different opposite roles; a real advantage arises considering the longer expiration time of the drugs while the consequent persistence in the environment involves an obvious negative effect bound to their harmfulness. On this basis we tested the photostability and toxicity of three pharmaceutical active principles: Finasteride, Diclofenac and Naproxen. The pure active principles, as well as commercial drugs containing them, were considered; for the last, the protective effect of the packaging was also evaluated. Samples were irradiated according to the ICH Guidelines for photostability testing (The International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use); a simulating sunlight source (a mercury-vapor lamp coupled to a tungsten filament one) was used to cover the wavelength range 300–2000 nm; Temperature, Relative Humidity, Irradiance and Illuminance were maintained constant during the photodegradation. The concentrations of the pharmaceutical active principles during the photodegradation were monitored by HPLC with UV/Vis detector. Toxicity tests were performed by means of an amperometric biosensor based on suspended yeast cells. Since the products obtained by the photodegradation process can result as toxic or more toxic than the original molecules, tests were performed first and after the photodegadation. Results After 90 hours of exposure the concentration resulted lowered by 42.9%, 88.4% and 91% for Finasteride, Naproxen and Diclofenac respectively. Toxicity of the pure active principles follows the same order of the photostability. After photodegradation a contribute of the reaction products was evidenced. Conclusions The simple and cheap analytical procedure here proposed, allowed to obtain not only data on photostability and toxicity of the pure active principles but, even if roughly, also useful information on the reactions kinetic and toxicity of the photodegradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Sammartino
- Chemistry Department, "La Sapienza" University, P,le Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy.
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Arip MNM, Heng LY, Ahmad M, Ujang S. A cell-based potentiometric biosensor using the fungus Lentinus sajor-caju for permethrin determination in treated wood. Talanta 2013; 116:776-81. [PMID: 24148473 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The characteristics of a potentiometric biosensor for the determination of permethrin in treated wood based on immobilised cells of the fungus Lentinus sajor-caju on a potentiometric transducer are reported this paper. The potentiometric biosensor was prepared by immobilisation of the fungus in alginate gel deposited on a pH-sensitive transducer employing a photocurable acrylic matrix. The biosensor gave a good response in detecting permethrin over the range of 1.0-100.0 µM. The slope of the calibration curve was 56.10 mV/decade with detection limit of 1.00 µM. The relative standard deviation for the sensor reproducibility was 4.86%. The response time of the sensor was 5 min at optimum pH 8.0 with 1.00 mg/electrode of fungus L. sajor-caju. The permethrin biosensor performance was compared with the conventional method for permethrin analysis using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the analytical results agreed well with the HPLC method (at 95% confidence limit). There was no interference from commonly used organophosphorus pesticides such as diazinon, parathion, paraoxon, and methyl parathion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Selangor DE 52109, Malaysia
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Dragone R, Frazzoli C, Grappelli C, Campanella L. A new respirometric endpoint-based biosensor to assess the relative toxicity of chemicals on immobilized human cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:273-279. [PMID: 18499252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Several functional and biochemical parameters have been proposed as biomarkers of effect of environmental pollutants. A rapid biosensor working with immobilized human U-937 cells was developed and applied to environmentally relevant chemicals with different structures and toxicological pathways, i.e. benzalkonium chloride, clofibric acid, diclofenac, mercury nitrate, ofloxacin, and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Respiration of cells was relied upon as a comprehensive biochemical effect for screening purposes. Analytical parameter (DeltappmO(2)) and toxicological index (respiratory inhibition, delta%) measured after 1h of exposure were utilized for dose-response relationship study. Results (toxicity rating scales based on delta(50)% and steepness) were compared with those obtained by the same approach previously optimized on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The toxicity rating scale obtained by the biomarker based on human mitochondrial and cell metabolic activities compared well with previous scale obtained on yeast cells and with available in-vivo acute toxicity indexes; respiration was confirmed as toxicological endpoint reliably measurable by the biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Dragone
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health and WHO/FAO Collaborating Centre for Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grappelli
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University "La Sapienza", P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Frazzoli C, Dragone R, Mantovani A, Massimi C, Campanella L. Functional toxicity and tolerance patterns of bioavailable Pd(II), Pt(II), and Rh(III) on suspended Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells assayed in tandem by a respirometric biosensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:2185-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Evtugyn GA, Budnikov HC, Nikolskaya EB. Biosensors for the determination of environmental inhibitors of enzymes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n12abeh000525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Campanella L, Favero G, Tomassetti M. DIRECT DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN ANTISMOKING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND IN TOBACCO USING AN INHIBITION BIOSENSOR. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Radhika V, Milkevitch M, Audigé V, Proikas-Cezanne T, Dhanasekaran N. Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BioS-1, for the detection of water-borne toxic metal contaminants. Biotechnol Bioeng 2005; 90:29-35. [PMID: 15712302 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to extracellular toxic stimuli by increasing intracellular cyclic AMP levels, leading to activation of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA phosphorylates downstream substrates, including specific DNA-binding proteins, to turn off the expression of most or all of the yeast genes. Such cAMP-PKA-mediated inhibition of gene expression in response to toxic stimuli appears to be unique to S. cerevisiae. For instance, in mammalian cells, the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway is rather responsive to growth factors and hormones in addition to being primarily involved in the activation of gene expression. Activation of gene expression by the cAMP-PKA pathway in mammalian cells is due mainly to the presence of cAMP-response elements (CREs) located in the promoters of many mammalian genes, and the expression of PKA-responsive stimulatory transcription factor CRE-binding protein, commonly referred as CREBP, which binds to the CREs. Thus, activation of the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway results in the phosphorylation of CREBP by PKA, and phosphorylated CREBP transactivates specific gene expression by interacting with the cognate CRE. Based on these findings, we sought to engineer a yeast-based biosensor, in which the stress-sensing cAMP-PKA pathway of yeast is coupled to the mammalian CREBP-CRE-stimulated gene expression pathway, which drives the expression of a reporter protein, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). As a primary step toward the development of this biosensor, we engineered a yeast strain, BioS-1, by genetically altering YPH 501, a wild-type strain of S. cerevisiae, to express human CREBP and human CRE promoter-driven GFP. Exposure of BioS-1 to varying concentrations of As3+, Fe2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ elicits concentration-dependent expression of the GFP reporter that can be easily monitored by the fluorescence emitted by GFP. The results also indicate that the engineered BioS-1 yeast cells can detect 2.5 ppm of these toxic metals and report it through the expression of GFP within 3 h. The results presented herein demonstrate that this engineered yeast strain can detect metal toxicants and can validate the use of this prototypic yeast strain to develop a biosensor that can be used to detect and monitor cytotoxic water-borne toxic heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Radhika
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Babyak LY, Ksheminskaya GP, Gonchar MV, Yanovich DV, Fedorovich DV. Selection and properties of mutant yeast Pichia guilliermondii strains resistant to chromium (VI). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10438-005-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Baronian KHR. The use of yeast and moulds as sensing elements in biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:953-62. [PMID: 15018949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Revised: 09/21/2003] [Accepted: 09/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whole cell biosensors are able to provide information that sensors based on single and multiple types of molecules are unable to do. For example, broad-spectrum catabolite analysis, cell toxicity and genotoxicity are best detected in the context of a functioning cell. Most whole cell sensors have used bacterial cells as the sensing element. Fungal cells, however, can provide all of the advantages bacterial cells offer but in addition they can provide information that is more relevant to other eukaryote organisms. These cells are easy to cultivate, manipulate for sensor configurations and are amenable to a wide range of transducer methodologies. An overview of the use of yeast and filamentous fungi as the sensing element of some biosensors is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H R Baronian
- School of Applied Science, Christchurch Polytechnic Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 540, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Campanella L, Favero G, Giancola D, Tomassetti M. Determination of hydrogen peroxide in disinfectant solutions using a biosensor with two antagonist enzymes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:737-51. [PMID: 12899964 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and characterisation of a new biosensor for hydroperoxides is described, which is obtained by combining an oxygen gas diffusion amperometric electrode and two immobilized enzymes (peroxidase and tyrosinase) working in parallel and competing for the same substrate (catechol). The response of the biosensor to several hydroperoxides was investigated (LOD=0.5.10(-4) M for hydrogen peroxide). It was experimentally found that the biosensor is able to respond also to aqueous solutions of ionic peroxides (LOD=0.2.10(-4) M for potassium peroxidisulphate). The biosensor was applied to the determination of the hydrogen peroxide content of pharmaceutical products, i.e. aqueous disinfectant solutions (RSD% < or =0.5; recoveries by standard addition method between 96.0 and 98.5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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16
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Muter O, Patmalnieks A, Rapoport A. Interrelations of the yeast Candida utilis and Cr(VI): metal reduction and its distribution in the cell and medium. Process Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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The eukaryote alternative: Advantages of using yeasts in place of bacteria in microbial biosensor development. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Campanella L, Aiello L, Colapicchioni C, Tomassetti M. Analysis of Cationic Surfactants in Environmental Aqueous Matrices by New Isfet Devices. ANAL LETT 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Campanella L, Favero G, Mastrofini D, Tomassetti M. Toxicity order of cholanic acids using an immobilised cell biosensor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1996; 14:1007-13. [PMID: 8818008 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable published evidence of the use of cells of various species to evaluate the toxicity of numerous compounds, many of pharmaceutical interest. The coupling of cell colonies with a suitable transduction device has led to the development in recent years of toxicity biosensors based on the alteration of a process or a cell metabolic function by the toxic substance under examination. A biosensor based on immobilised yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been developed recently in this department for the purpose of performing a rapid toxicity test in aqueous environmental matrices. This biosensor has now been used in the toxicity screening of a number of sodium salts of conjugated and free cholanic acids. The "toxicity degree" scale, which was found by placing in decreasing order the values of the slopes of the straight lines obtained by quantifying changes in the behaviour of the respirometric curve, plotted before and after incubation, using known concentrations of cholanic acid sodium salts, was: deoxycholic acid > chenodeoxycholic acid > ursodeoxycholic acid > cholic acid, for free cholanic acids; and glycodeoxycholic acid > glycochenodeoxycholic acid > glycocholic acid, for glycocholanic acids. These values are in good agreement with published toxicity data obtained in vitro. This sensor can thus be considered to provide a valid instrument for the preliminary evaluation of the toxicity of organic compounds or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Campanella
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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